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Niger

Updated: Wikipedia source

Niger

Niger, officially the Republic of the Niger, is a landlocked country in West Africa. It is a unitary state bordered by Libya to the northeast, Chad to the east, Nigeria to the south, Benin and Burkina Faso to the southwest, Mali to the west, and Algeria to the northwest. It covers a land area of almost 1.27 million km2 (490,000 sq mi), making it the largest landlocked country in West Africa and the second-largest landlocked nation in Africa behind Chad. Over 80% of its land area lies in the Sahara. Its predominantly Muslim population of about 25 million lives mostly in clusters in the south and west of the country. The capital, Niamey, is located in Niger's southwest corner along the namesake Niger River. Following the spread of Islam to the region, Niger was on the fringes of some states, including the Kanem–Bornu Empire and the Mali Empire before more significant parts of its territory became included in states such as the Sultanate of Agadez and the Songhai Empire. It was colonized by France during the Scramble for Africa as part of French West Africa, becoming a distinct colony in 1922. Since obtaining independence in 1960, Niger has experienced five coups d'état and four periods of military rule. Niger's seventh and most recent constitution was enacted in 2010, establishing a multiparty, unitary semi-presidential system. Following the most recent coup in 2023, the country has been ruled by National Council for the Safeguard of the Homeland, a military junta. The Hausa are the country's largest ethnic group, making up more than half the population. Hausa is the country's official and the most spoken language; ten indigenous languages have the status of national language. According to the UN's Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) report of 2023, Niger is one of the poorest countries in the world. Some non-desert portions of the country undergo periodic drought and desertification. The economy is concentrated around subsistence agriculture, with some export agriculture in the less arid south, and the export of raw materials, including uranium ore. It faces challenges to development due to its landlocked position, desert terrain, low literacy rate, jihadist insurgencies, and the world's highest fertility rates due to birth control not being used and the resulting rapid population growth.

Infobox

Capitaland largest city
Niamey 13°30′49″N 2°06′32″E / 13.51361°N 2.10889°E / 13.51361; 2.10889
Official languages
French (1960-2025)Hausa
National languages
mw- .inline, .inline dl, .inline ol, .inline ul, dl dl, dl ol, dl ul, ol dl, ol ol dd dd dd , dd dt , dd li , dt dd , dt dt , dt li , li dd dd dd , dd dt , dd li , dt dd , dt dt , dt li , li dd dd ol li Arabic Buduma Fulfulde Gourmanchéma Kanuri Songhai Tamasheq Tassawaq Tebu Zarma
Ethnic groups (2006)
53.1% Hausa 21.2% Zarma and Songhay 11.0% Tuareg 6.5% Fulani 5.9% Kanuri 0.8% Gurma 0.4% Toubou 0.4% Arab 0.9% others
Religion (2012)
99.3% Islam 0.3% Christianity 0.2% Animism 0.1% irreligion
Demonym
Nigerien
Government
Unitary semi-presidential republic under a military junta
• President
Abdourahamane Tchiani
• Vice President
Salifou Modi
• Prime Minister
Ali Lamine Zeine
• President of the State Court
Abdou Dan Galadima
Legislature
National Council for the Safeguard of the Homeland
• Republic proclaimed
18 December 1958
• Declared
3 August 1960
• 2023 coup d'état
26 July 2023
• 2025 transitional charter
26 March 2025
• Total
$21.870 billion (123rd)
• Water (%)
0.02
• 2024 estimate
26,342,784 (56th)
• Density
12.1/km2 (31.3/sq mi)
GDP (PPP)
2025 estimate
• Per capita
$751 (181st)
GDP (nominal)
2025 estimate
Gini (2021)
32.9 } }medium inequality
HDI (2023)
0.419low (188th)
Currency
West African CFA franc (XOF)
Time zone
UTC 1 (WAT)
Calling code
227
ISO 3166 code
NE
Internet TLD
ne
• President of the State Court of Niger
Abdou Dan Galadima

Tables

Cities of Niger · Demographics › Urban settlements
2001 Census
2001 Census
Rank
2001 Census
City
2012 Census
1.
1.
Rank
1.
City
Niamey
Population
690,286
Population
978,029
Region
Niamey
2.
2.
Rank
2.
City
Maradi
Population
148,017
Population
267,249
Region
Maradi Region
3.
3.
Rank
3.
City
Zinder
Population
170,575
Population
235,605
Region
Zinder Region
4.
4.
Rank
4.
City
Tahoua
Population
73,002
Population
117,826
Region
Tahoua Region
5.
5.
Rank
5.
City
Agadez
Population
77,060
Population
110,497
Region
Agadez Region
6.
6.
Rank
6.
City
Arlit
Population
68,835
Population
78,651
Region
Agadez Region
7.
7.
Rank
7.
City
Birni N'Konni
Population
44,663
Population
63,169
Region
Tahoua Region
8.
8.
Rank
8.
City
Dosso
Population
43,561
Population
58,671
Region
Dosso Region
9.
9.
Rank
9.
City
Gaya
Population
28,385
Population
45,465
Region
Dosso Region
10.
10.
Rank
10.
City
Tessaoua
Population
31,667
Population
43,409
Region
Maradi Region
Rank
City
Population
Region
2001 Census
2012 Census
1.
Niamey
690,286
978,029
Niamey
2.
Maradi
148,017
267,249
Maradi Region
3.
Zinder
170,575
235,605
Zinder Region
4.
Tahoua
73,002
117,826
Tahoua Region
5.
Agadez
77,060
110,497
Agadez Region
6.
Arlit
68,835
78,651
Agadez Region
7.
Birni N'Konni
44,663
63,169
Tahoua Region
8.
Dosso
43,561
58,671
Dosso Region
9.
Gaya
28,385
45,465
Dosso Region
10.
Tessaoua
31,667
43,409
Maradi Region

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