New Jersey

New Jersey is a state located in both the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States. Located at the geographic hub of the heavily urbanized Northeast megalopolis, it is bordered to the northwest, north, and northeast by New York State; on its east, southeast, and south by the Atlantic Ocean; on its west by the Delaware River and Pennsylvania; and on its southwest by Delaware Bay and Delaware. At 7,354 square miles (19,050 km2), New Jersey is the fifth-smallest state in land area. According to a 2024 U.S. Census Bureau estimate, it is the 11th-most populous state, with over 9.5 million residents, its highest estimated count ever. The state capital is Trenton, and the state's most populous city is Newark. New Jersey is the only U.S. state in which every county is deemed urban by the U.S. Census Bureau. It is the most densely populated U.S. state. New Jersey was first inhabited by Paleo-Indians as early as 13,000 BC. The Lenape were the dominant Indigenous group when Europeans arrived in the early 17th century, and they were subdivided into dialectal groups such as the Munsee, in the north, and the Unami and the Unalachtigo, elsewhere. Dutch and Swedish colonists founded the first European settlements in the state, with the British later seizing control of the region and establishing the Province of New Jersey, named after Jersey. The colony's fertile lands and relative religious tolerance drew a large and diverse population. New Jersey was among the Thirteen Colonies that supported the American Revolution, hosting several pivotal battles and military commands in the American Revolutionary War earning the title, "Crossroads of the American Revolution." New Jersey remained in the Union during the American Civil War and provided troops, resources, and military leaders in support of the Union Army. After the war, the state emerged as a major manufacturing center and a leading destination for immigrants, helping drive the Industrial Revolution in the U.S. New Jersey was the site of many industrial, technological, and commercial innovations. Many prominent Americans associated with New Jersey have proven influential nationally and globally, including in academia, advocacy, business, entertainment, government, military, non-profit leadership, and other fields. New Jersey's central location in the Northeast megalopolis helped fuel its rapid growth and suburbanization in the second half of the 20th century. Since the beginning of the 21st century, the state's economy has become highly diversified, with major sectors, including New Jersey's role as the world's largest pharmaceutical industry hub— as well as biotechnology, information technology, finance, digital media, filmmaking, and tourism, and it has become an Atlantic seaboard epicenter for logistics and distribution. New Jersey is a major destination for immigrants and is home to one of the world's most multicultural populations. Echoing historical trends, the state has increasingly re-urbanized, with growth in cities outpacing suburbs since 2008. New Jersey is one of the most affluent, educated, diverse, healthy, and highly developed states in the U.S., ranking high among states in several quality of life metrics. New Jersey had a median household income of $99,781 as of 2023, the second-highest of any U.S. state behind Massachusetts. Almost one-tenth of all households in the state, or over 323,000, are millionaires, the highest representation of millionaires among all states. New Jersey's public school system consistently ranks at or among the top of all U.S. states. As of 2024, a quarter of the state population is foreign born, the second most after California. In 2025, New Jersey was ranked as having the healthiest state population overall. The state ranks near the top on both the American Human Development Index and the standard Human Development Index. Consequently, New Jersey is typically ranked as one of the best U.S. states, as well as one of the most expensive states for residents to live in. According to climatology research by the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, New Jersey has been the fastest-warming state by average air temperature over a 100-year period beginning in the early 20th century, which has been attributed to warming of the North Atlantic Ocean.

Infobox

Country

United States

Before statehood

Province of New Jersey

Admitted to the Union

December 18, 1787 (3rd)

Capital

Trenton

Largest city

Newark

Largest county or equivalent

Bergen

Largest metro and urban areas

New York

• Governor

Phil Murphy (D)

• Lieutenant Governor

Tahesha Way (D)

Legislature

New Jersey Legislature

• Upper house

Senate

• Lower house

General Assembly

Judiciary

Supreme Court of New Jersey

U.S. senators

Cory Booker (D) Andy Kim (D)

U.S. House delegation

9 Democrats 3 Republicans (list)

• Total

9,500,851

• Land

7,354.22 sq mi (19,047.34 km2)

• Water

1,368.36 sq mi (3,544.04 km2) 15.7%

• Rank

1st

• Length

170 mi (273 km)

• Width

70 mi (112 km)

Elevation

260 ft (80 m)

Highest elevation (High Point[a])

1,803 ft (549.6 m)

Lowest elevation (Atlantic Ocean)

0 ft (0 m)

• Density

1,291.9/sq mi (498.8/km2)

• Median household income

$99,800 (2023)

• Income rank

2nd

Demonym(s)

New Jerseyan (official), New Jerseyite

• Official language

None

• Spoken language

English (only) 69.4% Spanish 15.9% Indo-Aryan 2.7% Chinese 1.5% Korean 1.1% French 0.97% Tagalog 0.94% Portuguese 0.91% Italian 0.83% Arabic 0.76% Polish 0.72% Russian 0.57%

Time zone

UTC−05:00 (Eastern)

• Summer (DST)

UTC−04:00 (EDT)

USPS abbreviation

ISO 3166 code

US-NJ

Traditional abbreviation

N.J.

Latitude

38°56′ N to 41°21′ N

Longitude

73°54′ W to 75°34′ W

Website

nj.gov