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National Rally

Updated: 12/11/2025, 5:23:01 PM Wikipedia source

The National Rally (French: Rassemblement national, [ʁasɑ̃bləmɑ̃ nɑsjɔnal], RN), known as the National Front from 1972 to 2018 (French: Front national, [fʁɔ̃ nɑsjɔnal], FN), is a French far-right political party, described as right-wing populist and nationalist. It is the single largest parliamentary opposition party in the National Assembly since 2022. It opposes immigration, advocating significant cuts to legal immigration, protection of "French identity", and stricter control of illegal immigration. The party advocates a "more balanced" and "independent" French foreign policy, opposing French military intervention in Africa while supporting France leaving NATO's integrated command. It also supports reform of the European Union (EU), economic interventionism, protectionism, and zero tolerance for breaches of law and order. The party was founded in 1972 by the Ordre Nouveau to be the legitimate political vehicle for the far-right movement. Jean-Marie Le Pen was its founder and leader until his resignation in 2011. While its influence was marginal until 1984, the party's role as a nationalist electoral force has grown considerably. It has put forward a candidate at every presidential election but one since 1974. In the 2002 presidential election, Jean-Marie Le Pen advanced to the second round but finished a distant second in the runoff to Jacques Chirac. His daughter Marine Le Pen was elected to succeed him as party leader in 2012. Jordan Bardella assumed the leadership in 2022. The party has seen an increase in its popularity and acceptance in French society in recent years. It has been accused of promoting xenophobia and antisemitism. While her father was nicknamed the "Devil of the Republic" by mainstream media and sparked outrage for hate speech, including Holocaust denial and Islamophobia, Marine Le Pen pursued a policy of "de-demonisation", trying to frame the party as being neither right nor left. She endeavoured to extract it from its far-right roots, as well as censuring controversial members like her father, who was suspended and then expelled from the party in 2015. Following her election as the leader of the party in 2011, the popularity of the FN grew. By 2015, the FN had established itself as a major political party in France. Sources traditionally label the party as far-right, though some outlets argue it has substantially moderated from its years under Le Pen to be classified as "right-wing populist" or "nationalist right". At the FN congress of 2018, Marine Le Pen proposed renaming the party Rassemblement National (National Rally), and this was confirmed by a ballot of party members. Formerly strongly Eurosceptic, the National Rally changed policies in 2019, deciding to campaign for a reform of the EU rather than leaving it and to keep the euro as the main currency of France (together with the CFP franc for some collectivities). In 2021, Le Pen announced that she wanted to remain in the Schengen Area, but to reserve free movement to nationals of a European Economic Area country, excluding residents of and visitors from another Schengen country. Le Pen reached the second round of the 2017 presidential election, receiving 33.9% of the votes in the run-off and losing to Emmanuel Macron. Again in the 2022 election, she lost to Macron in the run-off, receiving 41.45% of the votes. In the 2022 parliamentary elections, the National Rally achieved a significant increase in the number of its MPs in the National Assembly, from 7 to 89 seats. In June 2024, the party won the European Parliament elections in a landslide with 31.4% of the votes. This caused Macron to announce a snap election. Later that month, an RN-led right-wing coalition topped the first round of the snap French legislative election with a record 33.2% of the votes. On 7 July, the RN also won the popular vote (37.06%) in the second round of the snap election, but only won the third highest number of seats. On 31 March 2025, 25 National Rally members (including Le Pen, former MEPs, and their assistants) were convicted of embezzlement for using European Parliament funds to fund National Front staff from 2004 to 2016. The sentences for several MEPs, including Le Pen, included bans on running for political office.

Infobox

Abbreviation
RN
President
Jordan Bardella
Vice Presidents
mw- Louis AliotDavid RachlineHélène LaporteLaure Lavalette
Parliamentary party leader
Marine Le Pen (National Assembly)
Founders
Jean-Marie Le PenPierre Bousquet
Founded
5 October 1972; 53 years ago (1972-10-05) (FN); 2018 (2018) (RN)
Preceded by
Ordre Nouveau
Headquarters
114 bis rue Michel-Ange75016 Paris
Youth wing
Rassemblement national de la jeunesse
Security wing
Department for Protection and Security
Membership (2025)
160,000 (claimed)
Ideology
French nationalismNational conservatismRight-wing populism
Political position
Far-right[nb 1]
National affiliation
Rassemblement bleu Marine (2012–2017)
European affiliation
Patriots.euAENM (2009–2011)
European Parliament group
Patriots for Europe(since 2024)[nb 2]
Colours
mw- Navy blue[nb 3]
National Assembly
120 / 577
Senate
3 / 348
European Parliament
29 / 81
Presidencies of Regional Councils
0 / 17
Regional Councillors
242 / 1,758
Presidencies of Departmental Councils
0 / 101
Departmental Councillors
26 / 4,108

Tables

· Organization › Leadership › Presidents
1
1972
1972–2011
1
No
1
President
Jean-Marie Le Pen
Term start
5 October 1972
Term end
15 January 2011
Jean-Marie Le Pen founded the National Front for French Unity party in 1972 and contested the Presidency of France in 1974, 1988, 1995, 2002 and 2007. He served several terms as a deputy of the National Assembly of France and a Member of the European Parliament. He later served as the party's honorary president from January 2011 to August 2015. He died on 7 January 2025 at the age of 96.
Jean-Marie Le Pen founded the National Front for French Unity party in 1972 and contested the Presidency of France in 1974, 1988, 1995, 2002 and 2007. He served several terms as a deputy of the National Assembly of France and a Member of the European Parliament. He later served as the party's honorary president from January 2011 to August 2015. He died on 7 January 2025 at the age of 96.
No
Jean-Marie Le Pen founded the National Front for French Unity party in 1972 and contested the Presidency of France in 1974, 1988, 1995, 2002 and 2007. He served several terms as a deputy of the National Assembly of France and a Member of the European Parliament. He later served as the party's honorary president from January 2011 to August 2015. He died on 7 January 2025 at the age of 96.
2
2011
2011–2022
2
No
2
President
Marine Le Pen
Term start
15 January 2011
Term end
5 November 2022
Marine Le Pen took over as the president of the party in 2011 and contested the 2012, 2017 and 2022 French presidential elections. She served as a Member of the European Parliament from 2004 to 2017 and has served as a deputy of the National Assembly of France since 2017. Under her leadership, the party was renamed National Rally in 2018.
Marine Le Pen took over as the president of the party in 2011 and contested the 2012, 2017 and 2022 French presidential elections. She served as a Member of the European Parliament from 2004 to 2017 and has served as a deputy of the National Assembly of France since 2017. Under her leadership, the party was renamed National Rally in 2018.
No
Marine Le Pen took over as the president of the party in 2011 and contested the 2012, 2017 and 2022 French presidential elections. She served as a Member of the European Parliament from 2004 to 2017 and has served as a deputy of the National Assembly of France since 2017. Under her leadership, the party was renamed National Rally in 2018.
3
3
No
3
President
Jordan Bardella
Term start
5 November 2022Acting since 13 September 2021
Term end
Incumbent
Jordan Bardella became acting president of the party after Marine Le Pen launched her presidential campaign in September 2021. He was elected president in November 2022.
Jordan Bardella became acting president of the party after Marine Le Pen launched her presidential campaign in September 2021. He was elected president in November 2022.
No
Jordan Bardella became acting president of the party after Marine Le Pen launched her presidential campaign in September 2021. He was elected president in November 2022.
No
President
Term start
Term end
1
Jean-Marie Le Pen
5 October 1972
15 January 2011
Jean-Marie Le Pen founded the National Front for French Unity party in 1972 and contested the Presidency of France in 1974, 1988, 1995, 2002 and 2007. He served several terms as a deputy of the National Assembly of France and a Member of the European Parliament. He later served as the party's honorary president from January 2011 to August 2015. He died on 7 January 2025 at the age of 96.
2
Marine Le Pen
15 January 2011
5 November 2022
Marine Le Pen took over as the president of the party in 2011 and contested the 2012, 2017 and 2022 French presidential elections. She served as a Member of the European Parliament from 2004 to 2017 and has served as a deputy of the National Assembly of France since 2017. Under her leadership, the party was renamed National Rally in 2018.
3
Jordan Bardella
5 November 2022Acting since 13 September 2021
Incumbent
Jordan Bardella became acting president of the party after Marine Le Pen launched her presidential campaign in September 2021. He was elected president in November 2022.
National Assembly · Election results › National Assembly
1973
1973
Election year
1973
Leader
Jean-Marie Le Pen
1st round votes
108,616
%
0.5%
2nd round votes
—
%
—
Seats
0 / 491
+/–
1978
1978
Election year
1978
Leader
82,743
1st round votes
0.3%
%
—
2nd round votes
—
%
0 / 491
Seats
1981
1981
Election year
1981
Leader
44,414
1st round votes
0.2%
%
—
2nd round votes
—
%
0 / 491
Seats
1986
1986
Election year
1986
Leader
2,703,442
1st round votes
9.6%
%
—
2nd round votes
—
%
35 / 573
Seats
35
1988
1988
Election year
1988
Leader
2,359,528
1st round votes
9.6%
%
—
2nd round votes
—
%
1 / 577
Seats
34
1993
1993
Election year
1993
Leader
3,155,702
1st round votes
12.7%
%
1,168,143
2nd round votes
5.8%
%
0 / 577
Seats
1
1997
1997
Election year
1997
Leader
3,791,063
1st round votes
14.9%
%
1,435,186
2nd round votes
5.7%
%
1 / 577
Seats
1
2002
2002
Election year
2002
Leader
2,873,390
1st round votes
11.1%
%
393,205
2nd round votes
1.9%
%
0 / 577
Seats
1
2007
2007
Election year
2007
Leader
1,116,136
1st round votes
4.3%
%
17,107
2nd round votes
0.1%
%
0 / 577
Seats
2012
2012
Election year
2012
Leader
Marine Le Pen
1st round votes
3,528,373
%
13.6%
2nd round votes
842,684
%
3.7%
Seats
2 / 577
+/–
2
2017
2017
Election year
2017
Leader
2,990,454
1st round votes
13.2%
%
1,590,858
2nd round votes
8.8%
%
8 / 577
Seats
6
2022
2022
Election year
2022
Leader
4,248,626
1st round votes
18.7%
%
3,589,465
2nd round votes
17.3%
%
89 / 577
Seats
81
2024
2024
Election year
2024
Leader
Jordan Bardella
1st round votes
10,647,914
%
33.2%
2nd round votes
10,110,079
%
37.1%
Seats
125 / 577
+/–
26
Election year
Leader
1st round votes
%
2nd round votes
%
Seats
+/–
1973
Jean-Marie Le Pen
108,616
0.5%
—
—
0 / 491
1978
82,743
0.3%
—
—
0 / 491
1981
44,414
0.2%
—
—
0 / 491
1986
2,703,442
9.6%
—
—
35 / 573
35
1988
2,359,528
9.6%
—
—
1 / 577
34
1993
3,155,702
12.7%
1,168,143
5.8%
0 / 577
1
1997
3,791,063
14.9%
1,435,186
5.7%
1 / 577
1
2002
2,873,390
11.1%
393,205
1.9%
0 / 577
1
2007
1,116,136
4.3%
17,107
0.1%
0 / 577
2012
Marine Le Pen
3,528,373
13.6%
842,684
3.7%
2 / 577
2
2017
2,990,454
13.2%
1,590,858
8.8%
8 / 577
6
2022
4,248,626
18.7%
3,589,465
17.3%
89 / 577
81
2024
Jordan Bardella
10,647,914
33.2%
10,110,079
37.1%
125 / 577
26
· Election results › Presidential
Votes
Votes
Election year
Votes
Candidate
%
First round
Rank
First round
Votes
First round
%
Second round
Rank
1974
1974
Election year
1974
Candidate
Jean-Marie Le Pen
First round
190,921
First round
0.75
First round
7th
Second round
—
Second round
Lost
1981
1981
Election year
1981
Candidate
did not participate
1988
1988
Election year
1988
Candidate
Jean-Marie Le Pen
First round
4,375,894
First round
14.39
First round
4th
Second round
—
Second round
Lost
1995
1995
Election year
1995
Candidate
4,570,838
First round
15.00
First round
4th
First round
—
Second round
Lost
2002
2002
Election year
2002
Candidate
4,804,713
First round
16.86
First round
2nd
First round
5,525,032
Second round
17.70
Second round
2nd
Second round
Lost
2007
2007
Election year
2007
Candidate
3,834,530
First round
10.44
First round
4th
First round
—
Second round
Lost
2012
2012
Election year
2012
Candidate
Marine Le Pen
First round
6,421,426
First round
17.90
First round
3rd
Second round
—
Second round
Lost
2017
2017
Election year
2017
Candidate
7,678,491
First round
21.30
First round
2nd
First round
10,638,475
Second round
33.90
Second round
2nd
Second round
Lost
2022
2022
Election year
2022
Candidate
8,133,828
First round
23.15
First round
2nd
First round
13,288,686
Second round
41.45
Second round
2nd
Second round
Lost
Election year
Candidate
First round
Second round
Result
Votes
%
Rank
Votes
%
Rank
1974
Jean-Marie Le Pen
190,921
0.75
7th
—
Lost
1981
did not participate
1988
Jean-Marie Le Pen
4,375,894
14.39
4th
—
Lost
1995
4,570,838
15.00
4th
—
Lost
2002
4,804,713
16.86
2nd
5,525,032
17.70
2nd
Lost
2007
3,834,530
10.44
4th
—
Lost
2012
Marine Le Pen
6,421,426
17.90
3rd
—
Lost
2017
7,678,491
21.30
2nd
10,638,475
33.90
2nd
Lost
2022
8,133,828
23.15
2nd
13,288,686
41.45
2nd
Lost
Regional councils · Election results › Regional councils
1986
1986
Election
1986
Leader
Jean-Marie Le Pen
1st round votes
2,654,390
%
9.7%
2nd round votes
—
%
—
Seats
137 / 1,880
Regional presidencies
0 / 26
+/–
Winning party
Union for French Democracy
Rank
4th
1992
1992
Election
1992
Leader
3,396,141
1st round votes
13.9%
%
—
2nd round votes
—
%
239 / 1,880
Seats
0 / 26
Regional presidencies
+/–
Rally for the Republic
Winning party
3rd
1998
1998
Election
1998
Leader
3,270,118
1st round votes
15.3%
%
—
2nd round votes
—
%
275 / 1,880
Seats
0 / 26
Regional presidencies
2004
2004
Election
2004
Leader
3,564,064
1st round votes
14.7%
%
3,200,194
2nd round votes
12.4%
%
156 / 1,880
Seats
0 / 26
Regional presidencies
+/–
Socialist Party
2010
2010
Election
2010
Leader
2,223,800
1st round votes
11.4%
%
1,943,307
2nd round votes
9.2%
%
118 / 1,749
Seats
0 / 26
Regional presidencies
2015
2015
Election
2015
Leader
Marine Le Pen
1st round votes
6,018,672
%
27.7%
2nd round votes
6,820,147
%
27.1%
Seats
358 / 1,722
Regional presidencies
0 / 18
+/–
Winning party
The Republicans
2021
2021
Election
2021
Leader
2,743,497
1st round votes
18.7%
%
2,908,253
2nd round votes
19.1%
%
252 / 1,926
Seats
0 / 18
Regional presidencies
+/–
Leftist Union + Ecologists
Election
Leader
1st round votes
%
2nd round votes
%
Seats
Regional presidencies
+/–
Winning party
Rank
1986
Jean-Marie Le Pen
2,654,390
9.7%
—
—
137 / 1,880
0 / 26
Union for French Democracy
4th
1992
3,396,141
13.9%
—
—
239 / 1,880
0 / 26
Rally for the Republic
3rd
1998
3,270,118
15.3%
—
—
275 / 1,880
0 / 26
2004
3,564,064
14.7%
3,200,194
12.4%
156 / 1,880
0 / 26
Socialist Party
2010
2,223,800
11.4%
1,943,307
9.2%
118 / 1,749
0 / 26
2015
Marine Le Pen
6,018,672
27.7%
6,820,147
27.1%
358 / 1,722
0 / 18
The Republicans
2021
2,743,497
18.7%
2,908,253
19.1%
252 / 1,926
0 / 18
Leftist Union + Ecologists
European ParliamentSee also Elections to the European Parliament · Election results › European Parliament
1984
1984
Election
1984
Leader
Jean-Marie Le Pen
Votes
2,210,334
%
10.95 (#4)
Seats
10 / 81
+/–
New
EP Group
ER
1989
1989
Election
1989
Leader
2,129,668
Votes
11.73 (#3)
%
10 / 81
Seats
0
+/–
ER
1994
1994
Election
1994
Leader
2,050,086
Votes
10.52 (#5)
%
11 / 87
Seats
1
+/–
NI
1999
1999
Election
1999
Leader
1,005,113
Votes
5.70 (#8)
%
5 / 87
Seats
6
+/–
TGI
2004
2004
Election
2004
Leader
1,684,792
Votes
9.81 (#4)
%
7 / 78
Seats
2
+/–
NI
2009
2009
Election
2009
Leader
1,091,691
Votes
6.34 (#6)
%
3 / 74
Seats
4
2014
2014
Election
2014
Leader
Marine Le Pen
Votes
4,712,461
%
24.86 (#1)
Seats
24 / 74
+/–
21
EP Group
ENF
2019
2019
Election
2019
Leader
Jordan Bardella
Votes
5,286,939
%
23.34 (#1)
Seats
23 / 79
+/–
1
EP Group
ID
2024
2024
Election
2024
Leader
7,765,936
Votes
31.50 (#1)
%
30 / 81
Seats
7
+/–
PfE
Election
Leader
Votes
%
Seats
+/–
EP Group
1984
Jean-Marie Le Pen
2,210,334
10.95 (#4)
10 / 81
New
ER
1989
2,129,668
11.73 (#3)
10 / 81
0
ER
1994
2,050,086
10.52 (#5)
11 / 87
1
NI
1999
1,005,113
5.70 (#8)
5 / 87
6
TGI
2004
1,684,792
9.81 (#4)
7 / 78
2
NI
2009
1,091,691
6.34 (#6)
3 / 74
4
2014
Marine Le Pen
4,712,461
24.86 (#1)
24 / 74
21
ENF
2019
Jordan Bardella
5,286,939
23.34 (#1)
23 / 79
1
ID
2024
7,765,936
31.50 (#1)
30 / 81
7
PfE
· Election results › Congress of New Caledonia
2004
2004
Election
2004
Votes
6,135
%
6.85%
Seats
4 / 54
2009
2009
Election
2009
Votes
2,591
%
2.68%
Seats
0 / 54
2014
2014
Election
2014
Votes
2,706
%
2.57%
Seats
0 / 54
2019
2019
Election
2019
Votes
2,707
%
2.46%
Seats
0 / 54
Election
Votes
%
Seats
2004
6,135
6.85%
4 / 54
2009
2,591
2.68%
0 / 54
2014
2,706
2.57%
0 / 54
2019
2,707
2.46%
0 / 54

References

  1. Run in a joint list with LAF.
  2. The RN is considered part of the radical right, a subset of the far-right which does not oppose democracy.
  3. The party was formerly part of the European Right (1984–1989), the European Right (1989–1994), the Technical Group of In
  4. Other customary colours include the following:  Black   Grey   Brown   Red.
  5. In France, parties have to secure support from a specific number of elected officials, from a specific number of departm
  6. The 1984 European election used proportional representation system.
  7. The system had been designed by Mitterand's party to soften its predicted weakening in the polls.
  8. If the election had used proportional representation, it would have won 64 seats.
  9. It had won a mayorship only once before, in the small town of Saint-Gilles-du-Gard in 1989.
  10. The proportional representation was used in the 1986 elections.
  11. "Vive la difference – has France's Front National changed?"
    https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-35003920
  12. AP News
    https://apnews.com/article/france-election-far-right-nazi-hunter-antisemitism-dbe220c915894f6aded6f3547c05aae0
  13. BBC News
    https://www.bbc.com/news/live/cn087x77g1dt?post=asset%3A74817d7b-7a89-42c3-9d5b-7941ebfbf819#post
  14. "Il faut trouver une place au RN: à l'Assemblée, les tractions du socle commun pour mieux répartir les postes clés"
    https://www.lefigaro.fr/politique/il-faut-trouver-une-place-au-rn-a-l-assemblee-les-tractations-du-socle-commun-pour-mieux-repartir-les-postes-cles-20250917
  15. "Le RN revendique 20.000 adhésions supplémentaires depuis la condamnation de Marine le Pen"
    https://www.bfmtv.com/politique/front-national/le-rn-revendique-20-000-adhesions-supplementaires-depuis-la-condamnation-de-marine-le-pen_AN-202504030856.html
  16. Comparative Strategy
    https://doi.org/10.1080%2F01495933.2025.2504853
  17. Liberation
    http://www.liberation.fr/politiques/2014/04/21/depuis-2011-le-fn-est-devenu-protectionniste-au-sens-large_1001771
  18. Radical Right-Wing Populist Parties in Western Europe: Into the Mainstream?
    https://books.google.com/books?id=Ft8eDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA225
  19. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change
    https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2019WIRCC..10E.604F
  20. The Far Right and the Environment: Politics, Discourse and Communication
    https://books.google.com/books?id=qBmvDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT14
  21. [page needed]
  22. Histoire de l'extrême droite en France
    https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fpa%2Fgss071
  23. "Quelle doit être la couleur du Front national sur les cartes électorales?"
    https://www.slate.fr/story/111151/couleur-front-national-cartes-regionales
  24. Davies 2012, pp. 46–55.
  25. Rassemblement National
    https://rassemblementnational.fr/22-mesures
  26. Studia Historica. Historia Contemporánea
  27. Shields 2007, p. 229.
  28. DeClair 1999, pp. 46, 56 and 71.
  29. dw.com
    https://www.dw.com/en/frances-far-right-picks-jordan-bardella-to-succeed-marine-le-pen-as-party-chief/a-63659047
  30. Encyclopædia Britannica
    https://www.britannica.com/topic/National-Rally-France
  31. "The French National Front: On its way to power?"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20180215151555/http://www.policy-network.net/pno_detail.aspx?ID=4821&title=The-French-National-Front-On-its-way-to-power
  32. BBC News
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  263. Voice of America
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  264. The New Arab
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  266. "Le parti de Marine le Pen s'attaque à l'Algérie et fait l'éloge du Maroc"
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  267. "Vote results: Resolution on the situation of journalists in Morocco, notably the case of Omar Radi"
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  268. Morocco World News
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  269. New York Sun
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  270. Politico
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  272. Middle East Eye
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  273. Times of Israel
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  274. Le Figaro
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  301. Le Monde
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  304. Shields 2007, p. 317.
  305. Le Monde
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  306. "The National Front and the quest for the Jewish vote"
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  307. Haaretz
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  310. Deutsche Welle
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  311. Le Parisien
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  314. Al Jazeera
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  315. "France's Marine Le Pen to Face Trial Over Spending"
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  316. "French far-right leader Marine Le Pen to stand trial over alleged misuse of EU funds"
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  318. France Politique
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  319. ITV News
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  320. ici, par France Bleu et France 3
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  323. Rassemblement National
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  327. AFP (30 November 2014) Marine Le Pen rempile à la tête du FN Archived 9 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine (in French) Libé
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  333. Transnational Networks of Extreme Right Parties in East Central Europe: Stimuli and Limits of Cross-Border Cooperation
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  334. "Japanese and European far right gathers in Tokyo"
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  335. EUobserver
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  337. "Archived copy"
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  340. Slate
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  343. "Le Pen and Wilders unite to form eurosceptic alliance"
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  345. "Lega, il salto di Salvini. Dai Comunisti padani all'amicizia con l'estrema destra"
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  348. The Telegraph
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  356. "Rencontre à Londres avec @Nigel_Farage, leader de « Reform UK », actuellement en tête des intentions de vote au Royaume-Uni"
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  358. "Meloni a "Il Corriere della Sera": "In Francia il voto della paura è stato contro Le Pen""
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  359. Le Monde
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  361. Euractiv
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