National Football League
Updated: 12/30/2025, 12:45:09 PM Wikipedia source
The National Football League (NFL) is a professional American football league in the United States. Composed of 32 teams, it is divided equally between the American Football Conference (AFC) and the National Football Conference (NFC). The NFL is one of the major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada and the highest professional level of American football in the world. Each NFL season begins annually with a three-week preseason in August, followed by the 18-week regular season, which runs from early September to early January, with each team playing 17 games and having one bye week. Following the conclusion of the regular season, seven teams from each conference, including the four division winners and three wild card teams, advance to the playoffs, a single-elimination tournament, which culminates in the Super Bowl, played in early February between the winners of the AFC and NFC championship games. The NFL is headquartered in Midtown Manhattan. The NFL was formed in 1920 as the American Professional Football Association (APFA) before renaming itself the National Football League for the 1922 season. After initially determining champions through end-of-season standings, a playoff system was implemented in 1933 that culminated with the NFL Championship Game until 1966. Following an agreement to merge the NFL with the rival American Football League (AFL), the Super Bowl was first held in 1967 to determine a champion between the best teams from the two leagues and has remained as the final game of each NFL season since the merger was completed in 1970. The NFL is the wealthiest professional sports league in the world by revenue, and the sports league with the most valuable teams. The NFL also has the highest average attendance (67,591) of any professional sports league in the world and is the most popular sports league in the United States. The Super Bowl is also among the most-watched sporting events in the world, with the individual games accounting for many of the most watched television programs in American history and occupying the top five of Nielsen's all-time most-watched U.S. television broadcasts by 2015. The Green Bay Packers hold the most combined NFL championships with thirteen, winning nine titles before the Super Bowl era and four Super Bowls afterwards. Since the creation of the Super Bowl, the New England Patriots and Pittsburgh Steelers are tied for the most Super Bowl victories at six each. The reigning league champions are the Philadelphia Eagles.
Infobox
Tables
| Symbol | Meaning |
| Franchise has relocated at some point in its existence | |
| † | Club was a founding member of the NFL |
| Conference | Division | Team | City | Stadium | Capacity | Firstseason | Headcoach |
| AFC | East | Buffalo Bills | Orchard Park, New York | Highmark Stadium | 71,608 | 1960 (AFL)1970 (NFL) | Sean McDermott |
| Miami Dolphins | Miami Gardens, Florida | Hard Rock Stadium | 64,767 | 1966 (AFL)1970 (NFL) | Mike McDaniel | ||
| New England Patriots | Foxborough, Massachusetts | Gillette Stadium | 65,878 | 1960 (AFL)1970 (NFL) | Mike Vrabel | ||
| New York Jets | East Rutherford, New Jersey | MetLife Stadium | 82,500 | 1960 (AFL)1970 (NFL) | Aaron Glenn | ||
| North | Baltimore Ravens | Baltimore, Maryland | M&T Bank Stadium | 71,008 | 1996 | John Harbaugh | |
| Cincinnati Bengals | Cincinnati, Ohio | Paycor Stadium | 65,515 | 1968 (AFL)1970 (NFL) | Zac Taylor | ||
| Cleveland Browns | Cleveland, Ohio | Huntington Bank Field | 67,895 | 1946 (AAFC)1950 (NFL) | Kevin Stefanski | ||
| Pittsburgh Steelers | Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania | Acrisure Stadium | 68,400 | 1933 | Mike Tomlin | ||
| South | Houston Texans | Houston, Texas | NRG Stadium | 71,995 | 2002 | DeMeco Ryans | |
| Indianapolis Colts* | Indianapolis, Indiana | Lucas Oil Stadium | 63,000 | 1953 | Shane Steichen | ||
| Jacksonville Jaguars | Jacksonville, Florida | EverBank Stadium | 67,814 | 1995 | Liam Coen | ||
| Tennessee Titans* | Nashville, Tennessee | Nissan Stadium | 69,143 | 1960 (AFL)1970 (NFL) | Mike McCoy (interim) | ||
| West | Denver Broncos | Denver, Colorado | Empower Field at Mile High | 76,125 | 1960 (AFL)1970 (NFL) | Sean Payton | |
| Kansas City Chiefs* | Kansas City, Missouri | GEHA Field at Arrowhead Stadium | 76,416 | 1960 (AFL)1970 (NFL) | Andy Reid | ||
| Las Vegas Raiders* | Paradise, Nevada | Allegiant Stadium | 65,000 | 1960 (AFL)1970 (NFL) | Pete Carroll | ||
| Los Angeles Chargers* | Inglewood, California | SoFi Stadium | 70,240 | 1960 (AFL)1970 (NFL) | Jim Harbaugh | ||
| NFC | East | Dallas Cowboys | Arlington, Texas | AT&T Stadium | 80,000 | 1960 | Brian Schottenheimer |
| New York Giants | East Rutherford, New Jersey | MetLife Stadium | 82,500 | 1925 | Mike Kafka (interim) | ||
| Philadelphia Eagles | Philadelphia, Pennsylvania | Lincoln Financial Field | 69,176 | 1933 | Nick Sirianni | ||
| Washington Commanders* | Landover, Maryland | Northwest Stadium | 62,000 | 1932 | Dan Quinn | ||
| North | Chicago Bears*† | Chicago, Illinois | Soldier Field | 61,500 | 1920 | Ben Johnson | |
| Detroit Lions* | Detroit, Michigan | Ford Field | 65,000 | 1930 | Dan Campbell | ||
| Green Bay Packers | Green Bay, Wisconsin | Lambeau Field | 81,441 | 1919 1921 (NFL) | Matt LaFleur | ||
| Minnesota Vikings | Minneapolis, Minnesota | Bank Stadium | 66,860 | 1961 | Kevin O'Connell | ||
| South | Atlanta Falcons | Atlanta, Georgia | Mercedes-Benz Stadium | 71,000 | 1966 | Raheem Morris | |
| Carolina Panthers | Charlotte, North Carolina | Bank of America Stadium | 75,523 | 1995 | Dave Canales | ||
| New Orleans Saints | New Orleans, Louisiana | Caesars Superdome | 73,208 | 1967 | Kellen Moore | ||
| Tampa Bay Buccaneers | Tampa, Florida | Raymond James Stadium | 65,618 | 1976 | Todd Bowles | ||
| West | Arizona Cardinals*† | Glendale, Arizona | State Farm Stadium | 63,400 | 1898 1920 (NFL) | Jonathan Gannon | |
| Los Angeles Rams* | Inglewood, California | SoFi Stadium | 70,240 | 1936 (AFL)1937 (NFL) | Sean McVay | ||
| San Francisco 49ers | Santa Clara, California | Levi's Stadium | 68,500 | 1946 (AAFC)1950 (NFL) | Kyle Shanahan | ||
| Seattle Seahawks | Seattle, Washington | Lumen Field | 69,000 | 1976 | Mike Macdonald |
| POS | AFC East | AFC North | AFC South | AFC West |
| 1st | Bills | Ravens | Texans | Chiefs |
| 2nd | Dolphins | Steelers | Colts | Chargers |
| 3rd | Jets | Bengals | Jaguars | Broncos |
| 4th | Patriots | Browns | Titans | Raiders |
| POS | NFC East | NFC North | NFC South | NFC West |
| 1st | Eagles | Lions | Buccaneers | Rams |
| 2nd | Commanders | Vikings | Falcons | Seahawks |
| 3rd | Cowboys | Packers | Panthers | Cardinals |
| 4th | Giants | Bears | Saints | 49ers |
References
- All teams are based in the United States, but several preseason and regular season games have been held internationally.
- The New York Jets and New York Giants share MetLife Stadium.
- Due to an agreement with the city of Cleveland as part of the Cleveland Browns relocation controversy, the Browns name,
- The Jacksonville Jaguars began playing one home game each season at Wembley Stadium in London, England in 2013, and will
- The Los Angeles Chargers and Los Angeles Rams share SoFi Stadium.
- The Packers were founded and began play in 1919. They played two seasons in 1919 and 1920 before joining the NFL (then c
- The team that would become the Arizona Cardinals was founded and began play in 1898 in Chicago as the Morgan Athletic Cl
- NFL.comhttps://www.nfl.com/news/remembering-the-nfl-s-humble-origins-on-its-100th-birthday
- ProFootballHOF.comhttps://www.profootballhof.com/news/2005/01/news-nfl-founded-in-canton/
- Support.NFL.comhttps://web.archive.org/web/20230502115211/https://support.nfl.com/hc/en-us/articles/4989089660060-League-Address
- NFL.comhttps://www.nfl.com/news/nfl-announces-new-broadcast-deals-running-through-2033-season
- Sports Capitalism: The Foreign Business of American Professional Leagues
- ESPN.comhttps://www.espn.com/nfl/story/_/id/27321898/how-nfl-took-america-100-years
- CNNMoneyhttps://money.cnn.com/2018/04/19/news/companies/premier-league-record-revenue/index.html
- Sports Business Journalhttps://www.sportsbusinessjournal.com/Articles/2025/04/10/sources-nfl-revenue-passes-23-billion-in-latest-fiscal-year/
- Forbeshttps://www.forbes.com/sites/kurtbadenhausen/2019/07/22/the-worlds-50-most-valuable-sports-teams-2019
- "NFL is world's best attended pro sports league"http://www.abs-cbnnews.com/sports/01/06/13/nfl-worlds-best-attended-pro-sports-league
- "Pro Football is Still America's Favorite Sport"https://web.archive.org/web/20160129010323/http://www.theharrispoll.com/sports/Americas_Fav_Sport_2016.html
- The Independenthttps://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/european/elite-clubs-on-uefa-gravy-train-as-super-bowl-knocked-off-perch-1884429.html
- "Super Bowl XLV Most Viewed Telecast in U.S. Broadcast History"https://web.archive.org/web/20110208160635/http://blog.nielsen.com/nielsenwire/media_entertainment/super-bowl-xlv-most-viewed-telecast-in-broadcast-history/
- profootballhof.comhttp://www.profootballhof.com/news/nfl-founded-in-canton/
- The Coffin Cornerhttps://web.archive.org/web/20090206155110/http://profootballresearchers.org/Coffin_Corner/02-08-038.pdf
- "Timeline Detail | Pro Football Hall of Fame Official Site"http://www.profootballhof.com/football-history/history-of-football/1869-1939/1920-american-professional-football-conference-is-formed/
- NFL.comhttps://www.nfl.com/news/remembering-the-nfl-s-humble-origins-on-its-100th-birthday
- Encyclopædia Britannicahttps://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/404801/National-Football-League-NFL
- National Football Leaguehttp://static.nfl.com/static/content/public/image/history/pdfs/History/Past_Standings_2011.pdf
- Pro-Football-Reference.comhttps://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/192009260rii.htm
- Pro-Football-Reference.comhttps://www.pro-football-reference.com/years/1920_APFA/
- Pro-Football-Reference.comhttps://www.pro-football-reference.com/teams/rii/1920_games.htm
- The Observerhttps://web.archive.org/web/20130729082243/http://www.observertoday.com/page/content.detail/id/567574/Buffalo--A-city-cursed-with--bad-sports-luck.html
- "Sept. 17, 1920 – The Founding of the NFL"http://www.profootballhof.com/history/release.aspx?release_id=98
- "1922 American Professional Football Association changes name to National Football League"http://www.profootballhof.com/football-history/history-of-football/1869-1939/1922-american-professional-football-association-changes-name-to-national-football-league/
- "Past Standings"http://static.nfl.com/static/content/public/image/history/pdfs/History/Past_Standings_2011.pdf
- "The 60-Yard Circus"https://web.archive.org/web/20100929180027/http://profootballresearchers.org/Articles/1932%20Season.pdf
- Encyclopedia of African American History, 1896 to the Present: From the Age of Segregation to the Twenty-first Centuryhttps://books.google.com/books?id=6gbQHxb_P0QC&q=Encyclopedia+NFL&pg=RA1-PA235
- "Off-the-field competition yields game-changing merger"https://web.archive.org/web/20010215044251/http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/football/news/2001/01/22/afl_history_2/
- NFL.comhttp://www.nfl.com/history/chronology/1961-1970
- Statista.comhttps://www.statista.com/chart/15869/favrotie-sports-league/
- Encyclopedia of International Sports Studieshttps://books.google.com/books?id=t6CaJM_BXR0C&q=Encyclopedia+NFL&pg=PA933
- The New York Timeshttps://fifthdown.blogs.nytimes.com/2008/02/02/the-legacy-of-tagliabue/
- ESPN.comhttps://www.espn.com/nfl/columns/story?columnist=lapchick_richard&id=2552322
- ESPN.comhttps://www.espn.com/dallas/nfl/story/_/id/8741639/nfl-commissioner-roger-goodell-invulnerable-authority-takes-hit-overturned-suspensions
- USA Todayhttps://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/nfl/2013/09/16/malcom-floyd-brandon-meriwaether-concussions-suspended/2823717/
- The Washington Timeshttps://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2021/oct/20/nfl-agrees-end-race-based-brain-testing-1-billion-/
- Claims Journalhttps://www.claimsjournal.com/news/national/2021/10/22/306675.htm
- CNNhttps://www.cnn.com/2024/05/21/sport/nfl-source-diversity-contracts-reaj/index.html
- NFL.comhttps://www.nfl.com/news/nfl-announces-league-wide-expansion-of-procurement-initiative-with-nfl-source
- SB Nationhttps://www.sbnation.com/nfl/2024/6/6/24172875/nfl-antitrust-lawsuit-sunday-ticket
- Associated Presshttp://hosted.ap.org/post-gazette/article/ab29c60b2cc7e05cafcaeafa7f7e285e/class-action-lawsuit-against-nfl-sunday-ticket-subscribers
- ESPN.comhttps://www.espn.com/nfl/story/_/id/40447020/jury-rules-nfl-violated-antitrust-laws-sunday-ticket-case
- "NFL Regular Season Games Played per Season"http://www.profootballhof.com/history/release.aspx?release_id=1348
- NFL.comhttps://www.nfl.com/news/nfl-season-to-feature-17-regular-season-games-per-team
- "Lady Luck and the Lombardi legend"https://web.archive.org/web/20130513101847/http://www.coldhardfootballfacts.com/content/lady-luck-and-the-lombardi-legend/4897/
- ClevelandBrowns.comhttps://web.archive.org/web/20130111082936/http://www.clevelandbrowns.com/news/article-1/This-Day-in-Browns-History---Jan-7/2c6ca22c-ca60-442a-93bd-09cbe18976f7
- "History of the Wild Card"http://www.profootballhof.com/history/story.aspx?story_id=1940
- NFL.comhttps://www.nfl.com/news/owners-approve-expanding-postseason-to-14-teams-0ap3000001107961
- NFL.comhttps://web.archive.org/web/20200416082746/http://www.nfl.com/news/story/0ap3000001106247/article/nfl-players-approve-cba-impact-on-league-in-2020-and-beyond
- BostonGlobe.comhttps://www.bostonglobe.com/2020/03/15/sports/nfl-players-association-approves-new-cba-includes-17-game-schedule-expanded-playoffs/
- Constitution and By-Laws of the National Football Leaguehttps://web.archive.org/web/20150909075157/http://www.nfl.com/static/content/public/static/html/careers/pdf/co_.pdf#page=14
- Sporticohttps://www.sportico.com/valuations/teams/2025/nfl-team-values-2025-dallas-cowboys-billion-1234866760/
- "Teams"http://www.profootballhof.com/history/teams.aspx
- NFL.comhttps://www.nfl.com/news/nfl-stadiums-go-from-boom-to-swoon-in-span-of-a-decade-09000d5d82a5c85c
- "History of NFL franchises, 1920–present"http://www.profootballhof.com/history/stats/franchises.aspx
- The New York Timeshttps://www.nytimes.com/2011/12/23/sports/football/for-giants-jets-game-metlife-stadium-preparations-differ.html?pagewanted=all&gwh=666EA26DA54701B00BE45152395290F4
- The Baltimore Sunhttp://www.baltimoresun.com/sports/ravens/bal-modell020996,1,2346653.story?page=2
- The Plain Dealerhttps://web.archive.org/web/20130513014517/http://www.cleveland.com/brownshistory/plaindealer/index.ssf?%2Fbrowns%2Fmore%2Fhistory%2F19990912BROWNS.html
- The Guardianhttps://www.theguardian.com/sport/2012/aug/21/jacksonville-jaguars-nfl-wembley
- NFL.comhttps://www.nfl.com/news/nfl-jaguars-extend-agreement-to-play-at-wembley-through-2020-0ap3000000562946
- Jaguars.comhttps://web.archive.org/web/20150919151830/http://www.jaguars.com/news/article-JaguarsNews/Jacksonville-Jaguars-to-host-regular-season-game-in--United-Kingdom-in-each-of-next-four-years/999e3874-69c5-4ae6-933e-b1ea28fb4559
- Los Angeles Timeshttps://www.latimes.com/sports/story/2020-01-22/sofi-stadium-gentrification-inglewood-rams-chargers-nfl
- The New York Timeshttps://www.nytimes.com/2008/08/12/sports/football/12nfltax.html
- USA Todayhttps://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/nfl/2013/05/29/nfl-sports-leagues-irs-tax-exemption/2370945/
- 26 U.S.C. § 501(c)(6)
- "Community: Shareholders"https://www.packers.com/community/shareholders
- Sports Illustratedhttps://web.archive.org/web/20121127133646/http://tracking.si.com/2012/10/18/nfl-non-profit-tax-status-senator/
- New York Daily Newshttp://www.nydailynews.com/sports/football/nfl-no-longer-non-profit-giving-tax-exempt-status-article-1.2202484
- OnLaborhttps://www.onlabor.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/co_.pdf
- The Washington Posthttps://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/08/08/AR2006080801043.html
- The Kansas City Starhttps://www.kansascity.com/sports/nfl/kansas-city-chiefs/article225279155.html
- The Economics of NFL Team Ownershiphttp://pirate.shu.edu/~rotthoku/papers/The%20Economics%20of%20NFL%20Team%20Ownership.pdf#:~:text=With%20the%20notable%20exception%20of%20the%20Green%20Bay,upon%20which%20we%20can%20rely%2C%20including%20the%20following%3A
- "Economic Update: Women's Movement Economics"http://www.democracyatwork.info/eu_women_s_movement_economics
- "NFL/Hall of Fame Game"http://www.profootballhof.com/enshrinement/hof_game.aspx
- NFL Bylaws, p. 114.
- The Chicago Tribunehttps://www.chicagotribune.com/2012/08/29/exhibition-finale-biggest-game-of-year-for-players-on-bubble/
- The Washington Posthttps://web.archive.org/web/20130901093043/http://articles.washingtonpost.com/2013-08-28/sports/41525808_1_preseason-games-nfl-preseason-18-game-season
- "Jim Irsay to fans: You don't really pay full price for preseason tickets"http://profootballtalk.nbcsports.com/2013/08/14/jim-irsay-to-fans-you-dont-really-pay-full-price-for-preseason-tickets/
- "2012 Opponents Determined"http://nfllabor.files.wordpress.com/2012/01/2012-opponents-determined.pdf
- NBC Los Angeleshttps://www.nbclosangeles.com/news/sports/nfl/nfl-schedule-explained-how-it-works/3402751/?os=av..&ref=app
- The Chicago Tribunehttps://www.chicagotribune.com/2005/12/25/ghost-of-christmas-past-sports-free-tv/
- "2012 NFL Schedule Announced"https://web.archive.org/web/20121101013640/http://nflcommunications.com/2012/04/17/2012-nfl-schedule-announced/
- "Sports Law"https://web.archive.org/web/20130925221825/http://www.law.tulane.edu/tlsAcademicPrograms/sportslaw_index.aspx?id=16201
- USA Todayhttps://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/nfl/2025/11/28/how-to-watch-eagles-bears-black-friday/87506584007/
- NFL.comhttps://www.nfl.com/news/blizzard-forces-postponement-of-vikes-eagles-game-to-tuesday-09000d5d81d32bae
- NFL.comhttps://www.nfl.com/news/nfl-season-opener-to-be-held-wednesday-sept-5-09000d5d82746aa5
- San Diego Union-Tribunehttps://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/2020/12/07/slumping-ravens-host-last-place-cowboys-in-rare-tuesday-game/
- NFL.comhttp://www.nfl.com/standings/divisionrealignment
- Florio, Mikehttp://profootballtalk.nbcsports.com/2011/11/08/unusual-bye-format-traces-to-lockout/
- "NFL schedule navigated World Series, other conflicts"https://web.archive.org/web/20120926154549/http://www.sportsbusinessdaily.com/Journal/Issues/2010/04/20100426/This-Weeks-News/NFL-Schedule-Navigated-World-Series-Other-Conflicts.aspx
- NFL.comhttp://www.nfl.com/standings/tiebreakingprocedures
- NFL.comhttps://www.nfl.com/news/pro-bowl-set-for-jan-27-in-honolulu-week-before-super-bowl-09000d5d8297274d
- ESPN.comhttps://web.archive.org/web/20160105054321/http://sports.espn.go.com/nfl/recap?gameId=310130032
- Akron Beacon Journalhttp://www.ohio.com/news/searching-for-lost-trophy-1.204246
- "Inside Redskins Park: The Other Championship Trophy"http://redskinsblog.wordpress.com/2008/07/28/inside-redskins-park-the-other-championship-trophy/
- "The mystery of the Ed Thorp Memorial Trophy"https://web.archive.org/web/20170128174924/https://www.packers.com/news-and-events/article-cliffs-notes/article-1/The-mystery-of-the-Ed-Thorp-Memorial-Trophy/69ec5eb4-a138-453f-84db-ec0ee40f1cb0
- USA TODAYhttps://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/nfl/super-bowl/2024/02/11/lombardi-trophy-history-super-bowl-champion/72404904007/
- USA Todayhttp://usatoday30.usatoday.com/money/general/2002/01/31/sb-trophy.htm
- ESPN.comhttps://www.espn.com/nfl/rings
- ESPN.comhttps://www.espn.com/page2/s/neel/020129.html
- Chicago Sun-Timeshttp://www.suntimes.com/sports/3411365-419/trophy-halas-lombardi-nfl-silver.html
- San Francisco Chroniclehttp://blog.sfgate.com/49ers/2013/01/26/o-j-brigance-inspires-ravens/
- "Patriots Receive AFC Championship Rings From Owner Robert Kraft"http://nesn.com/2012/06/patriots-receive-afc-championship-rings-from-owner-robert-kraft/
- ESPN.comhttps://www.espn.com/nfl/news/story?id=2474933
- The Denver Posthttp://www.denverpost.com/broncos/ci_22503334/mvp-nfl-two-horse-race-between-peyton-manning
- NFL.comhttp://www.nfl.com/honors
- ESPN.comhttps://www.espn.com/blog/dallas/cowboys/post/_/id/4705492/jason-witten-wins-walter-payton-nfl-man-of-the-year-award
- CBS Sportshttps://www.cbssports.com/nfl/blog/eye-on-football/21630819/bruce-arians-wins-2012-coach-of-the-year-award
- NFL.comhttp://www.nfl.com/voting/players-air-and-ground/2012/YEAR/0
- NFL.comhttp://www.nfl.com/voting/rookies/2012/YEAR/0
- NFL.comhttps://www.nfl.com/news/the-tradition-continues-nfl-to-remain-on-broadcast-tv-09000d5d8250cb48
- "Flexible schedule flexes Broncos-Vikings from CBS to FOX"http://profootballtalk.nbcsports.com/2011/12/01/flexible-schedule-flexes-broncos-vikings-from-cbs-to-fox/
- NFL.comhttps://www.nfl.com/news/nfl-google-nfl-sunday-ticket-youtube-tv-youtube-primetime-channels
- AdAgehttps://adage.com/article/media/tv-commercial-prices-advertising-costs-fall-2023/2520931
- NFL Football Operationshttps://web.archive.org/web/20231229090705/https://operations.nfl.com/updates/football-ops/nfl-announces-amazon-prime-video-as-home-of-thursday-night-football-beginning-in-2022/
- NFL Communicationshttps://nflcommunications.com/Pages/NATIONAL-FOOTBALL-LEAGUE-AND-AMAZON-PRIME-ANNOUNCE-STREAMING-PARTNERSHIP-FOR-THURSDAY-NIGHT-FOOTBALL.aspx
- The New York Timeshttps://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/04/business/media/amazon-stream-nfl-thursday-night-football.html
- Varietyhttps://variety.com/2018/digital/news/nfl-renews-amazon-thursday-night-football-1202789145/
- NFLhttps://www.nfl.com/news/nfl-completes-long-term-media-distribution-agreements-through-2033-season
- Sports Video Grouphttps://www.sportsvideo.org/2021/03/18/viacomcbs-details-new-nfl-deal-paramount-streaming-rights-kick-in-next-season/
- NBC Sports Pressboxhttps://nbcsportsgrouppressbox.com/2021/03/18/nbcuniversal-and-nfl-reach-11-year-extension-expansion-for-sunday-night-football-primetime-tvs-1-show/
- The Wall Street Journalhttps://www.wsj.com/articles/peacock-to-carry-one-nfl-playoff-game-exclusively-next-season-fb339027
- ESPN Press Roomhttps://espnpressroom.com/us/press-releases/2021/03/the-walt-disney-company-espn-and-national-football-league-reach-landmark-long-term-agreement/
- Netflixhttps://www.netflix.com/tudum/articles/nfl-games-on-netflix
- The Washington Posthttps://www.washingtonpost.com/sports/2021/03/18/nfl-tv-deal-faq/
- CNBC.comhttps://www.cnbc.com/2021/03/18/nfl-media-rights-deal-2023-2033-amazon-gets-exclusive-thursday-night.html
- Reutershttps://www.reuters.com/article/idUS87811855520110830
- Cincy Junglehttp://www.cincyjungle.com/2011/9/8/2412508/nfl-and-espn-reach-major-media-rights-deal
- NFL.comhttps://www.nfl.com/news/nfl-eases-local-tv-blackout-restrictions-for-upcoming-season-09000d5d82a406ee
- ESPN.comhttps://www.espn.com/nfl/story/_/id/12545081/nfl-suspend-tv-blackout-policy-2015-owners-vote
- "NFL 2012 TV Recap"https://web.archive.org/web/20130129092638/http://nflcommunications.com/2013/01/03/nfl-2012-tv-recap/#more-11185
- "Sunday Final Ratings: 'New Girl' & 'Brooklyn Nine Nine' Adjusted Up & Final Super Bowl Numbers (Updated)"https://web.archive.org/web/20140222203718/http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/2014/02/04/sunday-final-ratings-new-girl-adjusted-up-final-super-bowl-numbers/234164/
- "NFL and Dial Global Agree on New Multi-Year Extension"https://web.archive.org/web/20130425085514/http://dialglobalsports.com/2012/09/nfl-and-dial-global-agree-on-new-multi-year-extension/
- BYTEhttps://archive.org/stream/byte-magazine-1985-10/1985_10_BYTE_10-10_Simulating_Society#page/n121/mode/2up
- Oaks, Chris. WIRED magazine, "John Madden on Grid Iron Tech", January 22, 1999
- SportsProhttps://www.sportspro.com/news/nfl-new-england-patriots-bluesky-x-elon-musk-january-2025/
- The Hollywood Reporterhttps://www.hollywoodreporter.com/business/business-news/espn-nfl-media-major-deal-redzone-1236326849/
- CNBChttps://www.cnbc.com/2025/08/05/disneys-espn-to-acquire-nfl-media-assets-in-major-deal.html
- The New York Timeshttps://www.nytimes.com/athletic/6530655/2025/08/01/nfl-espn-media-deal-tv-broadcast/
- WSJhttps://www.wsj.com/business/media/the-nfl-is-taking-a-10-stake-in-disneys-espn-158acff5
- BBC Sporthttp://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/other_sports/american_football/8014105.stm
- NFL.comhttps://www.nfl.com/news/complete-order-of-first-round-of-2011-nfl-draft-determined-09000d5d81d6b708
- "NFL draft rules a bad deal for Jadeveon Clowney"http://profootballtalk.nbcsports.com/2013/01/01/nfl-draft-rules-a-bad-deal-for-jadeveon-clowney/
- NFL.comhttp://www.nfl.com/draft/story/09000d5d82621943/article/nfl-officially-grants-draft-eligibility-to-65-underclassmen
- Fox Sportshttp://msn.foxsports.com/nfl/story/NFL-draft-times-trade-rules-picks-players-mock-033011
- "NFL Announces 32 Compensatory Draft Choices to 15 Clubs"http://nfllabor.files.wordpress.com/2012/03/2012-compensatory-draft-picks2.pdf
- ESPN.comhttp://static.espn.go.com/nfl/overview/vikings2003.html
- ESPN.comhttps://web.archive.org/web/20130120150105/http://sports.espn.go.com/espn/classic/bio/news/story?page=Jackson_Bo
- Forbeshttps://www.forbes.com/sites/kurtbadenhausen/2012/04/24/nfl-draft-picks-more-valuable-than-ever-under-new-system/
- NFL.comhttps://www.nfl.com/news/supplemental-draft-primer-josh-gordon-has-nfl-teams-buzzing-09000d5d82a78591
- ESPN.comhttps://www.espn.com/nfl/story/_/id/6861571/terrelle-pryor-wants-state-case-eligibility-nfl-supplemental-draft
- ESPN.comhttp://static.espn.go.com/nfl/expansion02/index.html
- "Allocation Draft"https://web.archive.org/web/20120505011322/http://www.profootballresearchers.org/AAFC/Allocation_Draft.pdf
- "1984 Supplemental Draft"http://www.profootballhof.com/history/release.aspx?release_id=1456
- ESPN.comhttps://www.espn.com/gen/s/2001/0328/1163463.html
- NFL.comhttp://www.nfl.com/freeagency/story/09000d5d82787135/article/questions-and-answers-for-2012-free-agency
- "NFL Explained: The Franchise Tag"https://web.archive.org/web/20120218204906/http://www.nfluk.com/opinions/articles/nfl-explained-franchise-tag
- ThePhinsider.comhttp://www.thephinsider.com/2012/12/28/3809610/nfl-franchise-tags-and-the-miami-dolphins
- NFL.comhttps://www.nfl.com/news/new-wrinkles-to-franchise-tag-salary-cap-happened-for-reason-09000d5d8272422b
- "The Poison Pill is dead"http://12thmanrising.com/2012/02/16/the-poison-pill-is-dead/
- NFL.comhttps://www.nfl.com/news/nfl-salary-cap-for-2019-season-set-at-188-2m-0ap3000001020137
- "Everything you need to know about NFL practice squads"https://www.sbnation.com/nfl/2015/9/5/9168523/nfl-practice-squad-players-eligibility-salary