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Namibia

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Namibia

Namibia, officially the Republic of Namibia, is a country in Southern Africa. Its borders include the Atlantic Ocean to the west, Angola and Zambia to the north, Botswana to the east and South Africa to the south; in the northeast, approximating a quadripoint, Zimbabwe lies less than 200 metres (660 feet) away along the Zambezi River near Kazungula, Zambia. Namibia's capital and largest city is Windhoek. Namibia is the driest country in sub-Saharan Africa, and has been inhabited since prehistoric times by the Khoi, San, Damara and Nama people. Around the 14th century, immigrating Bantu peoples arrived as part of the Bantu expansion. From 1600 the Owambo formed kingdoms, such as Ondonga and Oukwanyama. In 1884, the German Empire established rule over most of the territory, forming a colony known as German South West Africa. Between 1904 and 1908, German troops waged a punitive campaign against the Herero and Nama which escalated into the first genocide of the 20th century. German rule ended during the First World War with a 1915 defeat by South African forces. In 1920, after the end of the war, the League of Nations mandated administration of the colony to South Africa. The National Party, elected to power in 1948 in South Africa, applied apartheid to what was then known as South West Africa. In the later 20th century, uprisings and demands for political representation resulted in the United Nations assuming direct responsibility over the territory in 1966, but South Africa maintained de facto rule until 1973. That year the UN recognised the South West Africa People's Organisation (SWAPO) as the official representative of the Namibian people. Namibia gained independence from South Africa on 21 March 1990, following the South African Border War. However, Walvis Bay and the Penguin Islands remained under South African control until 1994. Namibia is a stable parliamentary democracy. Agriculture, tourism and the mining industry – including mining for gem diamonds, uranium, gold, silver and base metals – form the basis of its economy, while the manufacturing sector is comparatively small. Despite significant GDP growth since its independence, poverty and inequality remain significant in the country. 40.9% of the population is affected by multidimensional poverty, and more than 400,000 people continue to live in informal housing. Income disparity in the country is one of the world's highest with a Gini coefficient of 59.1 in 2015. With a population of 3.1 million people, Namibia is one of the most sparsely populated countries in the world. Since the end of the Cold War, it has attracted notable immigration from Germany, Angola, and Zimbabwe. In 2021, German and Namibian diplomats created a "reconciliation agreement" acknowledging atrocities from the German colonial period. Namibia is a member state of the United Nations, the Southern African Development Community, the African Union and the Commonwealth of Nations.

Infobox

Republic of Namibia Name in national languages Afrikaans:Republiek van NamibiëGerman:Republik NamibiaKhoekhoegowab:Republiki Namibiab dibOshiwambo:Orepublika yaNamibiaOtjiherero:Orepublika yaNamibiaRuKwangali:Republika zaNamibiaSetswana:Rephaboliki ya NamibiasiLozi:Namibia ye Lukuluhile
Republiek van Namibië
Afrikaans:
Republiek van Namibië
German:
Republik Namibia
Khoekhoegowab:
Republiki Namibiab dib
Oshiwambo:
Orepublika yaNamibia
Otjiherero:
Orepublika yaNamibia
RuKwangali:
Republika zaNamibia
Setswana:
Rephaboliki ya Namibia
siLozi:
Namibia ye Lukuluhile
Capitaland largest city
Windhoek 22°34′S 17°5′E / 22.567°S 17.083°E / -22.567; 17.083
Official languages
English
Recognised national languages
mw- AfrikaansGermanKhoekhoegowabOshiwamboOtjihereroRuKwangaliSetswanasiLozi
Recognised regional languages
ǃKungGcirikuThimbukushu
Ethnic groups (2023)
93.2% African[A]3.6% Coloured and Basters1.8% White1.4% Asian / other
Religion (2023)[B]
mw- li 87.9% Christianity 43.7% Lutheranism 22.8% Catholicism 17.0% Anglicanism 4.4% other Christian 10.5% other1.6% no religion
Demonym
Namibian
Government
Unitary semi-presidential republic
• President
Netumbo Nandi-Ndaitwah
• Vice President
Lucia Witbooi
• Prime Minister
Elijah Ngurare
• Deputy Prime Minister
Vacant
• Chief Justice
Peter Shivute
Legislature
Parliament
• Upper house
National Council
• Lower house
National Assembly
• Constitution
9 February 1990
• Independence
21 March 1990
• Total
$14.21 billion (145th)
• Water (%)
negligible
• 2025 census
3,022,401 (136th)
• Density
3.7/km2 (9.6/sq mi)
GDP (PPP)
2025 estimate
• Per capita
$4,660 (120th)
GDP (nominal)
2025 estimate
Gini (2015)
59.1 } }high inequality
HDI (2023)
0.665medium (136th)
Currency
Namibian dollar (NAD) South African rand (ZAR)
Time zone
UTC 2 (CAT)
Date format
dd/mm/yyyy
Calling code
264
ISO 3166 code
NA
Internet TLD
na

Tables

· Government and politics › Administrative divisions
Khomas
Khomas
Region
Khomas
Population (2023)
494,605
People per km2
13.4
Average household size
3.3
Ohangwena
Ohangwena
Region
Ohangwena
Population (2023)
337,729
People per km2
31.5
Average household size
4.8
Omusati
Omusati
Region
Omusati
Population (2023)
316,671
People per km2
11.9
Average household size
4.2
Oshikoto
Oshikoto
Region
Oshikoto
Population (2023)
257,302
People per km2
6.7
Average household size
4.1
Erongo
Erongo
Region
Erongo
Population (2023)
240,206
People per km2
3.8
Average household size
3.1
Oshana
Oshana
Region
Oshana
Population (2023)
230,801
People per km2
26.7
Average household size
3.7
Otjozondjupa
Otjozondjupa
Region
Otjozondjupa
Population (2023)
220,811
People per km2
2.1
Average household size
3.6
Kavango East
Kavango East
Region
Kavango East
Population (2023)
218,421
People per km2
9.1
Average household size
5.3
Zambezi
Zambezi
Region
Zambezi
Population (2023)
142,373
People per km2
9.7
Average household size
3.7
Kavango West
Kavango West
Region
Kavango West
Population (2023)
123,266
People per km2
5.0
Average household size
5.5
Kunene
Kunene
Region
Kunene
Population (2023)
120,762
People per km2
1.0
Average household size
3.8
Hardap
Hardap
Region
Hardap
Population (2023)
106,680
People per km2
1.0
Average household size
3.6
ǁKaras
ǁKaras
Region
ǁKaras
Population (2023)
109,893
People per km2
0.7
Average household size
3.1
Omaheke
Omaheke
Region
Omaheke
Population (2023)
102,881
People per km2
1.2
Average household size
3.3
Region
Population (2023)
People per km2
Average household size
Khomas
494,605
13.4
3.3
Ohangwena
337,729
31.5
4.8
Omusati
316,671
11.9
4.2
Oshikoto
257,302
6.7
4.1
Erongo
240,206
3.8
3.1
Oshana
230,801
26.7
3.7
Otjozondjupa
220,811
2.1
3.6
Kavango East
218,421
9.1
5.3
Zambezi
142,373
9.7
3.7
Kavango West
123,266
5.0
5.5
Kunene
120,762
1.0
3.8
Hardap
106,680
1.0
3.6
ǁKaras
109,893
0.7
3.1
Omaheke
102,881
1.2
3.3

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