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Mutiny on the Bounty

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Mutiny on the Bounty

The Mutiny on the Bounty occurred in the Pacific Ocean on 28 April 1789. Disaffected crewmen, led by acting-Lieutenant Fletcher Christian, seized control of HMS Bounty from the captain, Lieutenant William Bligh, and set him and eighteen loyalists adrift in the ship's open launch. The reasons behind the mutiny are still debated. Bligh and his crew stopped for supplies on Tofua, where a crew member was killed. Bligh navigated more than 3,500 nautical miles (6,500 km; 4,000 mi) in the launch to reach safety and began the process of bringing the mutineers to justice. The mutineers variously settled on Tahiti or on Pitcairn Island. Bounty had left England in 1787 on a mission to collect and transport breadfruit plants from Tahiti to the West Indies. A five-month layover in Tahiti, during which many of the men lived ashore and formed relationships with native Polynesians, led those men to be less amenable to naval discipline. Relations between Bligh and his crew deteriorated after he reportedly began handing out increasingly harsh punishments, criticism, and abuse, with Christian being a particular target. After three weeks back at sea, Christian and others forced Bligh from the ship. Twenty-five men remained on board afterwards, including loyalists held against their will, and others for whom there was no room in the launch. After Bligh reached England in April 1790, the Admiralty despatched HMS Pandora to apprehend the mutineers. Fourteen were captured in Tahiti and imprisoned on board Pandora, which then searched without success for Christian's party that had hidden on Pitcairn Island. After turning back towards England, Pandora ran aground on the Great Barrier Reef, with the loss of 31 crew and four Bounty prisoners. The ten surviving detainees reached England in June 1792 and were court-martialled; four were acquitted, three were pardoned, and three were hanged. Christian's group remained undiscovered on Pitcairn until 1808, by which time only one mutineer, John Adams, remained alive. His fellow mutineers, including Christian, were dead, killed either by one another or by their Polynesian companions. No action was taken against Adams. Descendants of the mutineers and their accompanying Tahitians have lived on Pitcairn into the 21st century.

Tables

Officers and gentlemen of HMS Bounty, December 1787[35]
William Bligh
William Bligh
Name
William Bligh
Rank or function
Lieutenant, Royal Navy: Ship's captain
John Fryer
John Fryer
Name
John Fryer
Rank or function
Warrant officer: Sailing master
William Cole
William Cole
Name
William Cole
Rank or function
Warrant officer: Boatswain
William Peckover
William Peckover
Name
William Peckover
Rank or function
Warrant officer: Gunner
William Purcell
William Purcell
Name
William Purcell
Rank or function
Warrant officer: Carpenter
Thomas Huggan
Thomas Huggan
Name
Thomas Huggan
Rank or function
Ship's surgeon
Fletcher Christian
Fletcher Christian
Name
Fletcher Christian
Rank or function
Master's mate
William Elphinstone
William Elphinstone
Name
William Elphinstone
Rank or function
Master's mate
Thomas Ledward
Thomas Ledward
Name
Thomas Ledward
Rank or function
Surgeon's mate
John Hallett
John Hallett
Name
John Hallett
Rank or function
Midshipman
Thomas Hayward
Thomas Hayward
Name
Thomas Hayward
Rank or function
Midshipman
Peter Heywood
Peter Heywood
Name
Peter Heywood
Rank or function
Honorary midshipman
George Stewart
George Stewart
Name
George Stewart
Rank or function
Honorary midshipman
Robert Tinkler
Robert Tinkler
Name
Robert Tinkler
Rank or function
Honorary midshipman
Edward "Ned" Young
Edward "Ned" Young
Name
Edward "Ned" Young
Rank or function
Honorary midshipman
David Nelson
David Nelson
Name
David Nelson
Rank or function
Botanist (civilian)
William Brown
William Brown
Name
William Brown
Rank or function
Assistant gardener (civilian)
Name
Rank or function
William Bligh
Lieutenant, Royal Navy: Ship's captain
John Fryer
Warrant officer: Sailing master
William Cole
Warrant officer: Boatswain
William Peckover
Warrant officer: Gunner
William Purcell
Warrant officer: Carpenter
Thomas Huggan
Ship's surgeon
Fletcher Christian
Master's mate
William Elphinstone
Master's mate
Thomas Ledward
Surgeon's mate
John Hallett
Midshipman
Thomas Hayward
Midshipman
Peter Heywood
Honorary midshipman
George Stewart
Honorary midshipman
Robert Tinkler
Honorary midshipman
Edward "Ned" Young
Honorary midshipman
David Nelson
Botanist (civilian)
William Brown
Assistant gardener (civilian)
Other ranks of HMS Bounty, December 1787[35]
Peter Linkletter
Peter Linkletter
Name
Peter Linkletter
Rank or function
Quartermaster
John Norton
John Norton
Name
John Norton
Rank or function
Quartermaster
George Simpson
George Simpson
Name
George Simpson
Rank or function
Quartermaster's mate
James Morrison
James Morrison
Name
James Morrison
Rank or function
Boatswain's mate
John Mills
John Mills
Name
John Mills
Rank or function
Gunner's mate
Charles Norman
Charles Norman
Name
Charles Norman
Rank or function
Carpenter's mate
Thomas McIntosh
Thomas McIntosh
Name
Thomas McIntosh
Rank or function
Carpenter's mate
Lawrence Lebogue
Lawrence Lebogue
Name
Lawrence Lebogue
Rank or function
Sailmaker
Charles Churchill
Charles Churchill
Name
Charles Churchill
Rank or function
Master-at-arms
Joseph Coleman
Joseph Coleman
Name
Joseph Coleman
Rank or function
Armourer
John Samuel
John Samuel
Name
John Samuel
Rank or function
Captain's clerk
John Smith
John Smith
Name
John Smith
Rank or function
Captain's servant
Henry Hillbrant
Henry Hillbrant
Name
Henry Hillbrant
Rank or function
Cooper
Thomas Hall
Thomas Hall
Name
Thomas Hall
Rank or function
Cook
Robert Lamb
Robert Lamb
Name
Robert Lamb
Rank or function
Butcher
William Muspratt
William Muspratt
Name
William Muspratt
Rank or function
Assistant cook
Thomas Burkett
Thomas Burkett
Name
Thomas Burkett
Rank or function
Able seaman
Michael Byrne (or "Byrn")
Michael Byrne (or "Byrn")
Name
Michael Byrne (or "Byrn")
Rank or function
Able seaman – musician
Thomas Ellison
Thomas Ellison
Name
Thomas Ellison
Rank or function
Able seaman
William McCoy (or "McKoy")
William McCoy (or "McKoy")
Name
William McCoy (or "McKoy")
Rank or function
Able seaman
Isaac Martin
Isaac Martin
Name
Isaac Martin
Rank or function
Able seaman
John Millward
John Millward
Name
John Millward
Rank or function
Able seaman
Matthew Quintal
Matthew Quintal
Name
Matthew Quintal
Rank or function
Able seaman
Richard Skinner
Richard Skinner
Name
Richard Skinner
Rank or function
Able seaman
John Adams ("Alexander Smith")
John Adams ("Alexander Smith")
Name
John Adams ("Alexander Smith")
Rank or function
Able seaman
John Sumner
John Sumner
Name
John Sumner
Rank or function
Able seaman
Matthew Thompson
Matthew Thompson
Name
Matthew Thompson
Rank or function
Able seaman
James Valentine
James Valentine
Name
James Valentine
Rank or function
Able seaman
John Williams
John Williams
Name
John Williams
Rank or function
Able seaman
Name
Rank or function
Peter Linkletter
Quartermaster
John Norton
Quartermaster
George Simpson
Quartermaster's mate
James Morrison
Boatswain's mate
John Mills
Gunner's mate
Charles Norman
Carpenter's mate
Thomas McIntosh
Carpenter's mate
Lawrence Lebogue
Sailmaker
Charles Churchill
Master-at-arms
Joseph Coleman
Armourer
John Samuel
Captain's clerk
John Smith
Captain's servant
Henry Hillbrant
Cooper
Thomas Hall
Cook
Robert Lamb
Butcher
William Muspratt
Assistant cook
Thomas Burkett
Able seaman
Michael Byrne (or "Byrn")
Able seaman – musician
Thomas Ellison
Able seaman
William McCoy (or "McKoy")
Able seaman
Isaac Martin
Able seaman
John Millward
Able seaman
Matthew Quintal
Able seaman
Richard Skinner
Able seaman
John Adams ("Alexander Smith")
Able seaman
John Sumner
Able seaman
Matthew Thompson
Able seaman
James Valentine
Able seaman
John Williams
Able seaman

References

  1. James Cook commanded his first voyage in HMS Endeavour as a newly promoted lieutenant, and was not promoted to the rank
  2. The latter part of this voyage was without Cook, who was killed by Hawaiians in 1779.
  3. Dates are given as recorded by Bligh in Bounty's log (where applicable), which was kept according to the "nautical", "na
  4. An early example of Bligh's esteem for Christian was indicated at Tenerife, where Bounty stopped between 5 and 11 Januar
  5. This was not a formal naval promotion, but it gave Christian the authority of a full lieutenant on the voyage, and great
  6. Suggestions that Bligh was an exceptionally harsh commander are not borne out by evidence. His violence was more verbal
  7. Morrison's journal was probably written with the advantage of hindsight, after his return to London as a prisoner. Hough
  8. The historian Leonard Guttridge suggests that Christian's psychological state may have been further affected by the vene
  9. Bligh listed these provisions in his journal as 150 pounds (68 kg) of bread, 28 gallons (130 litres) of water, 20 pounds
  10. The strait through which the loyalists passed pursued by natives is still called Bligh Water.
  11. Morrison and his men created a seaworthy schooner. When Pandora arrived in Tahiti in March 1791 in search of mutineers,
  12. Winfield 2007, p. 355.
  13. Hough 1972, p. 64.
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    https://digital.sl.nsw.gov.au/delivery/DeliveryManagerServlet?dps_pid=FL3156700
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    https://digital.sl.nsw.gov.au/delivery/DeliveryManagerServlet?dps_pid=FL3156785
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  236. www.norfolkisland.com.au
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  239. The Travel Book: A Journey Through Every Country in the World
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