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Mumtaz Mahal

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Mumtaz Mahal

Mumtaz Mahal (Persian pronunciation: [mum.ˈtɑːz ma.ˈhal]; lit. 'The Exalted One of the Palace'; born Arjumand Banu Begum; 27 April 1593 – 17 June 1631) was the empress consort of Mughal Empire from 1628 to 1631 as the chief consort of the fifth Mughal emperor, Shah Jahan. The Taj Mahal in Agra, often cited as one of the Wonders of the World, was commissioned by her husband to act as her tomb. Mumtaz Mahal was born Arjumand Banu Begum in Agra to a family of Persian nobility. She was the daughter of Abu'l-Hasan Asaf Khan, a wealthy Persian noble who held high office in the Mughal Empire, and the niece of Empress Nur Jahan, the chief consort of Emperor Jahangir and the power behind the emperor. Arjumand Banu was married at the age of 19 on 10 May 1612 or 16 June 1612 to Prince Khurram, later known by his regnal name Shah Jahan, who conferred upon her the title "Mumtaz Mahal" lit. 'The Exalted One of the Palace'. Although betrothed to Shah Jahan since 1607, she ultimately became his second wife in 1612. Mumtaz and her husband had 14 children, including Jahanara Begum (Shah Jahan's favorite daughter), and the Crown prince Dara Shikoh, the heir-apparent, anointed by his father, who temporarily succeeded him until deposed by Mumtaz Mahal's sixth child, Aurangzeb, who ultimately succeeded his father as the sixth Mughal emperor in 1658. Mumtaz Mahal died in 1631 in Burhanpur, Deccan (present-day Madhya Pradesh) during the birth of her 14th child, a daughter named Gauhar Ara Begum. Shah Jahan had the Taj Mahal built as a tomb for her, which is considered to be a monument of undying love. As with other Mughal royal ladies, no contemporary likenesses of her are accepted, but imagined portraits were created from the 19th century onwards.

Infobox

Reign
19 January 1628 – 17 June 1631
Predecessor
Nur Jahan
Successor
Jahanara Begum
Born
Arjumand Banu Begum27 April 1593Agra, Mughal Empire
Died
17 June 1631(1631-06-17) (aged 38)Burhanpur, Mughal Empire
Burial
Taj Mahal, Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India
Spouse
mw- Shah Jahan (m. 1612)
Issueamong others...
mw- Hur-ul-Nisa Begum Jahanara Begum Dara Shikoh Shah Shuja Roshanara Begum Aurangzeb Murad Bakhsh Gauhar Ara Begum
House
Timurid (by marriage)
Father
Abu'l-Hasan Asaf Khan
Mother
Diwanji Begum
Religion
Shia Islam
Tenure
19 January 1628 – 17 June 1631

Tables

Hur-ul-Nisa Begum
Hur-ul-Nisa Begum
Name
Hur-ul-Nisa Begum
Lifespan
30 March 1613 – 5 June 1616
Notes
Died of smallpox at the age of 3.
Jahanara BegumPadshah Begum
Jahanara BegumPadshah Begum
Name
Jahanara BegumPadshah Begum
Lifespan
23 March 1614 – 16 September 1681
Notes
Shah Jahan's favourite and most influential daughter. Jahanara became the First Lady (Padshah Begum) of the Mughal Empire after her mother's death, despite the fact that her father had three other consorts. She died unmarried.
Dara Shikoh Padshahzada-i-Buzurg Martaba, Jalal ul-Kadir, Sultan Muhammad Dara Shikoh, Shah-i-Buland Iqbal
Dara Shikoh Padshahzada-i-Buzurg Martaba, Jalal ul-Kadir, Sultan Muhammad Dara Shikoh, Shah-i-Buland Iqbal
Name
Dara Shikoh Padshahzada-i-Buzurg Martaba, Jalal ul-Kadir, Sultan Muhammad Dara Shikoh, Shah-i-Buland Iqbal
Lifespan
20 March 1615 – 30 August 1659
Notes
The eldest son and heir-apparent. He was favoured as a successor by his father, Shah Jahan, and his elder sister, Princess Jahanara Begum, but was defeated and later killed by his younger brother, Prince Muhiuddin (later the Emperor Aurangzeb), in a bitter struggle for the imperial throne. He married and had issue.
Shah Shuja
Shah Shuja
Name
Shah Shuja
Lifespan
23 June 1616 – 7 February 1661
Notes
He survived in the war of succession. He married and had issue.
Roshanara Begum Padshah Begum
Roshanara Begum Padshah Begum
Name
Roshanara Begum Padshah Begum
Lifespan
3 September 1617 – 11 September 1671
Notes
She was the most influential of Shah Jahan's daughters after Jahanara Begum and sided with Aurangzeb during the war of succession. She died unmarried.
Aurangzeb Mughal emperor
Aurangzeb Mughal emperor
Name
Aurangzeb Mughal emperor
Lifespan
3 November 1618 – 3 March 1707
Notes
Succeeded his father as the sixth Mughal emperor after emerging victorious in the war of succession that took place after Shah Jahan's illness in 1657. He married and had issue.
Izad Bakhsh
Izad Bakhsh
Name
Izad Bakhsh
Lifespan
18 December 1619 – February/March 1621
Notes
Died in infancy.
Surayya Banu Begum
Surayya Banu Begum
Name
Surayya Banu Begum
Lifespan
10 June 1621 – 28 April 1628
Notes
Died of smallpox at the age of 7.
Unnamed son
Unnamed son
Name
Unnamed son
Lifespan
1622
Notes
Died soon after birth.
Murad Bakhsh
Murad Bakhsh
Name
Murad Bakhsh
Lifespan
8 October 1624 – 14 December 1661
Notes
He was executed in 1661 as per Aurangzeb's orders. He married and had issue.
Lutf Allah
Lutf Allah
Name
Lutf Allah
Lifespan
4 November 1626 – 13 May 1628
Notes
Died at the age of one and a half years.
Daulat Afza
Daulat Afza
Name
Daulat Afza
Lifespan
8 May 1628 – 13 May 1629
Notes
Died in infancy.
Husn Ara Begum
Husn Ara Begum
Name
Husn Ara Begum
Lifespan
23 April 1630 – 1631
Notes
Died in infancy.
Gauhar Ara Begum
Gauhar Ara Begum
Name
Gauhar Ara Begum
Lifespan
17 June 1631 – 1706
Notes
Mumtaz died while giving birth to her on 17 June 1631 in Burhanpur. She died unmarried.
Name
Portrait
Lifespan
Notes
Hur-ul-Nisa Begum
30 March 1613 – 5 June 1616
Died of smallpox at the age of 3.
Jahanara BegumPadshah Begum
23 March 1614 – 16 September 1681
Shah Jahan's favourite and most influential daughter. Jahanara became the First Lady (Padshah Begum) of the Mughal Empire after her mother's death, despite the fact that her father had three other consorts. She died unmarried.
Dara Shikoh Padshahzada-i-Buzurg Martaba, Jalal ul-Kadir, Sultan Muhammad Dara Shikoh, Shah-i-Buland Iqbal
20 March 1615 – 30 August 1659
The eldest son and heir-apparent. He was favoured as a successor by his father, Shah Jahan, and his elder sister, Princess Jahanara Begum, but was defeated and later killed by his younger brother, Prince Muhiuddin (later the Emperor Aurangzeb), in a bitter struggle for the imperial throne. He married and had issue.
Shah Shuja
23 June 1616 – 7 February 1661
He survived in the war of succession. He married and had issue.
Roshanara Begum Padshah Begum
3 September 1617 – 11 September 1671
She was the most influential of Shah Jahan's daughters after Jahanara Begum and sided with Aurangzeb during the war of succession. She died unmarried.
Aurangzeb Mughal emperor
3 November 1618 – 3 March 1707
Succeeded his father as the sixth Mughal emperor after emerging victorious in the war of succession that took place after Shah Jahan's illness in 1657. He married and had issue.
Izad Bakhsh
18 December 1619 – February/March 1621
Died in infancy.
Surayya Banu Begum
10 June 1621 – 28 April 1628
Died of smallpox at the age of 7.
Unnamed son
1622
Died soon after birth.
Murad Bakhsh
8 October 1624 – 14 December 1661
He was executed in 1661 as per Aurangzeb's orders. He married and had issue.
Lutf Allah
4 November 1626 – 13 May 1628
Died at the age of one and a half years.
Daulat Afza
8 May 1628 – 13 May 1629
Died in infancy.
Husn Ara Begum
23 April 1630 – 1631
Died in infancy.
Gauhar Ara Begum
17 June 1631 – 1706
Mumtaz died while giving birth to her on 17 June 1631 in Burhanpur. She died unmarried.

References

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