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The date of the first establishment of monarchy in Canada varies: some sources give the year as 1497, when John Cabot la
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The term was first coined by Governor General the Lord Grey in 1905, when he stated in a telegram to King Edward VII reg
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For instance, Governor General Jules Léger ended the second session of the 30th Canadian Parliament on 17 October 1977,
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The sovereign has carried out foreign relations as the representative uniquely of Canada.
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For example, Queen Elizabeth II was in the United Kingdom when she signed the proclamation of the National Flag of Canad
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The English Court of Appeal ruled in 1982, while "there is only one person who is the Sovereign within the British Commo
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In 1997, UK Prime Minister Tony Blair intended to offer a life peerage to Canadian businessman Conrad Black. However, ci
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For example, Edward VIII was never crowned, yet was undoubtedly king during his short time on the throne.
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The only Canadian monarch to abdicate, Edward VIII, did so with the authorization of the Canadian government granted in
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Gary Toffoli of the Canadian Royal Heritage Trust stated that the approval given by the Queen in her Canadian Council in
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Upon acceding to the throne on 8 September 2022, King Charles III stated, "I am deeply aware of this great inheritance a
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For example, if a lawsuit is filed against the federal government, the respondent is formally described as His Majesty t
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Illustrative of this arrangement is property transfers; of this, the Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources states: "When
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Robert E. Hawkins called this "inefficient efficiency", which can "be placed alongside the other oxymorons that conventi
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The sovereign has been described by Eugene Forsey as the "symbolic embodiment of the people—not a particular group or in
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As Peter Boyce put it: "The Crown as a concept cannot be disentangled from the person of the monarch; but, standard refe
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It is stated in the Rules & Forms of the House of Commons of Canada that, "allegiance to the King means allegiance to th
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See 'Responsibilities' and Note 1 at Cabinet of Canada.
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Though the royal family represents other countries abroad, as directed by their respective cabinets, and typically the g
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In 1970, Queen Elizabeth II, the Duke of Edinburgh, Prince Charles, and Princess Anne undertook a tour of Northern Canad
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Former Minister of External Affairs Mitchell Sharp commented on a situation wherein Elizabeth II was in Latin America to
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Such events include Troopings of the Colour, inspections of the troops, and anniversaries of key battles; whenever the s
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Two Canadian citizens married into the royal family: In 1988, Sylvana Jones (née Tomaselli in Placentia, Newfoundland) w
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_Canada&action=edit -
As early as 1959, it was recognized that Queen Elizabeth II, was "equally at home in all her realms"; By the 1960s, loya
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In 1919, Prince Edward Albert (the future King Edward VIII) asserted, "I want Canada to look upon me as a Canadian, if n
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Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn, served as the Commander of British North American troops in Canada's Maritim
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While the government houses are the King's official residences in Canada, they are almost exclusively occupied by the so
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For example, when the Duke and Duchess of Sussex resided for a time on Vancouver Island, as they were planning their fut
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Indigenous persons had already been appointed as lieutenant governors during Elizabeth's reign.
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See Note 2 at Government of Canada.
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Lagassé said, "you would need to have Indigenous peoples involved and consulted properly as well, in particular, since t
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Government of Canada
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Smith 1995, pp. 87–90
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MacLeod 2015, pp. 16–18
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Canadian Heritage Portfolio
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"Jugement No. 200-17-018455-139"
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MacLeod 2015, p. 36
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Marleau & Montpetit 2000, Parliamentary Institutions
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The Canadian Encyclopedia
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Tidridge 2011, p. 23
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The Monarchy in Canada: God Save the Queen?
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Earl Grey's Papers: An Introductory Survey
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'This great country': An inside look at Charles's 50-year romance with Canada
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2005 Annual Statutes
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The Archivist
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The canadian Encyclopedia
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Torrance 2022a, p. 34
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R v Foreign Secretary, Ex parte Indian Association (as referenced in High Court of Australia: Sue v Hill HCA 30; 23 June 1999; S179/1998 and B49/1998)
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"Ceremonial and Canadian Symbols Promotion > The crown in Canada"
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Getting it wrong: how Canadians forgot their past and imperilled Confederation
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Buchan 1969, p. 94
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Aird 1985, p. 3
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"The Queen and the Commonwealth > Queen and Canada > The Queen's role in Canada"
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Ottawa Citizen
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Democratic Government in Canada
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The Governor General and Lieutenant Governors: Canada's Misunderstood Viceroys
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Canadian Independence
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MacLeod 2015, p. 3
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"About OPS > Protocol Office > Protocol in Practice > The Crown"
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The Canadian Journal of Economics and Political Science
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"Royal Style and Titles Act, 1985"
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The Telegram
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Ottawa Citizen
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The Globe and Mail
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Māori property rights and the foreshore and seabed: the last frontier
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Professor Anne Twomey – Succession to the Crown: foiled by Canada?
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Jackson & Lagassé 2013, p. 7
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Jackson & Smith 2012, pp. 11–30
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Hazell & Morris 2017, p. 30
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Newman 2017, p. 85
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Daly 2017, p. 93
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Harper creates new panel to ensure 'non-partisan' vice regal appointments
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Osgoode Hall Law Journal
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Symbols of Canada
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Committee Transcripts: Standing Committee on the Legislative Assembly
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Bell, Bousfield & Toffoli 2007, p. 125
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The Canadian Encyclopedia
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Marleau & Montpetit 2000, The Crown
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Tidridge 2011, pp. 79, 143
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Western Standard
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Citizenship and Immigration Canada 2009, p. 29
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Bousfield & Toffoli 2002, p. 78
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Roach v. Canada (Attorney General)
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"In the Wake of Constitutional Crisis: New Survey Demonstrates that Canadians Lack Basic Understanding of Our Country's Parliamentary System"
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Points of View
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Office of the Governor General of Canada
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Saskatchewan Politics Into the 21st Century
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Canadian Monarchist News
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British Journal of Canadian Studies
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Boyce 2008, p. 2
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Murdoch University Electronic Journal of Law
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Victoria 1867, III.9 & 11
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Marleau & Montpetit 2000, The Executive
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Victoria 1867, IV.26
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"Media > Fact Sheets > The Swearing-In of a New Ministry"
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"Off the record: what GG told Harper not for public consumption"
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Toronto Star
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Toronto Star
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And no one cheered: federalism, democracy, and the Constitution Act
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The Crown in the 21st Century
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MacLeod 2015, p. 8
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Neitsch 2008, p. 23
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Cyr 2017, p. 117
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"Reserve Powers of the Crown"
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Office of the Governor General of Canada
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Canadian Monarchist News
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Canadian Passport Order
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Elizabeth II 2006, 3.b, 3.c
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Law Times
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Victoria 1867, VI.91
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Victoria 1867, IV.17
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Royal Consent
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Victoria 1867, IV.55
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The Role of Monarchy in Modern Democracy: European Monarchies Compared
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Library of Parliament
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Marleau & Montpetit 2000, The Opposition
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The Opposition in a Parliamentary System
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The Globe and Mail
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Review of Constitutional Studies
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Steps to Justice
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Osgoode Hall: An Illustrated History
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"Calgary courtroom home to special exhibit"
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Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)
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Ottawa Law Review
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The Liability of Public Authorities
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Relations With the United States
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Euthanasia and Assisted Suicide
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Essential Readings in Canadian Constitutional Politics
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The Evolution of the New Zealand monarchy: The Recognition of an Autochthonous Polity
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Toronto Star
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A First Nations – Federal Crown Political Accord
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Address at the University of Toronto Faculty Association's C.B. Macpherson Lecture
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The Canadian Encyclopedia
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Department of Indian and Northern Affairs Canada
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The Globe and Mail
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"About Us > Treaty Principals"
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Library and Archives Canada
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Presentation to the Members of the Committee to Examine Matters Relating to the Accession of Quebec to Sovereignty
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Treasury Board of Canada Secretariat
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Indian and Northern Affairs Canada
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"A speech by HRH The Prince Of Wales during a Welcome Ceremony at Confederation Building, St John's, Canada"
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Canadian Historical Review
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Peguis
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Buckner 2005, p. 77
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Department of Canadian Heritage
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"Royal Involvement With Canadian Life"
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Majesty in Canada: essays on the role of royalty
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The Globe and Mail
https://web.archive.org/web/20040526173044/http://members.fortunecity.com/foul2/queen.htm -
First Nations Meet With Prince Charles, Ask to See Queen Elizabeth II
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Charles' message of listening, learning and reflecting
https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-61505852 -
"Prince Charles, Camilla depart St. John's as Day 1 of Canadian Royal Tour wraps up"
https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/newfoundland-labrador/charles-camilla-royal-visit-stjohns-1.6454689 -
The Globe and Mail
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"Prince Charles and Camilla wrap up whirlwind visit to N.W.T."
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"The Prince of Wales and The Duchess of Cornwall visit Canada"
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"Canada's indigenous leaders ask for royal apology"
https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-61505852 -
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Vancouver Sun
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Hereditary Chief definition and 5 FAQs
https://www.ictinc.ca/blog/hereditary-chief-definition-and-5-faqs -
"Band councils, hereditary chiefs — here's what to know about Indigenous governance"
https://globalnews.ca/news/4833830/band-councils-hereditary-chiefs-indigenous-governance -
Maclean's
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Royal Progress: Canada's Monarchy in the Age of Disruption
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The Story of Canada
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Bousfield & Toffoli 2002, p. 8
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"The Four Indian Kings"
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Haida Nation v British Columbia (Minister of Forests)
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Taku River Tlingit First Nation v British Columbia (Project Assessment Director)
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Mikasew Cree First Nation v Canada (Minister of Canadian Heritage)
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Wet'suwet'en Crisis: Whose Rule of Law?
https://thetyee.ca/News/2020/02/14/Wetsuweten-Crisis-Whose-Rule-Law -
Wet'suwet'en Hereditary Chiefs - elected Band Council - it is complicated
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The Canadian Encyclopedia
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Elected vs. hereditary chiefs: What's the difference in Indigenous communities?
https://web.archive.org/web/20200228010147/https://bc.ctvnews.ca/elected-vs-hereditary-chiefs-what-s-the-difference-in-indigenous-communities-1.4247466 -
The Canadian Encyclopedia
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Our Chiefs and Elders: Words and Photographs of Native Leaders
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"What we know about the deal governments agreed to with Wet'suwet'en hereditary chiefs"
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"At Home in Canada": Royalty at Canada's Historic Places
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Heard 2018, p. 117
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Hazell & Morris 2017, pp. 26–27
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Benoit 2002, p. 3
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Royal Transport: An Inside Look at the History of Royal Travel
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Library and Archives Canada
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"The Office > Annual Reports > 2004–2005 > Report on Performance"
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"Elizabeth II Queen of Canada"
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"Canada Remembers > Memorials to Canadians' Achievements and Sacrifices > First World War Memorials in Europe > Vimy Memorial > The Battle of Vimy Ridge > The Canadian National Vimy Memorial – Fast Facts"
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The Vancouver Sun
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Images and Broadcasts > The Queen's Speeches
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Time
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"Past events (Court Circular) > Search the Court Circular > 13 May 1998"
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The Globe and Mail
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"Remembering Vimy – 90th Anniversary Celebrations on CTV, April 9"
https://web.archive.org/web/20080618053606/http://www.tvthrong.ca/remembering-vimy/remembering-vimy-90th-anniversary-celebrations-on-ctv-april-9 -
Canadian Monarchist News
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"Prince Charles, Clarkson honour D-Day fallen"
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Some provinces to offer medals to mark Queen's Platinum Jubilee after Ottawa opts out
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Inuk leader Mary Simon named Canada's 1st Indigenous governor general
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Torrance 2022b.
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https://www.gg.ca/en/media/news/2022/ceremony-proclaim-accession-king-charles-iii -
Globe and Mail
https://www.theglobeandmail.com/canada/article-king-charles-ceremony-rideau-hall-canada -
Canadian Indigenous leaders, Governor General meet with King Charles
https://www.ctvnews.ca/canada/article/canadian-indigenous-leaders-governor-general-meet-with-king-charles/ -
CBC News
https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/livestory/king-charles-hails-incredible-opportunity-for-canada-in-throne-speech-9.6774177 -
Smith 2017, p. 45
-
Jackson 2018, p. 15
-
Boyce 2008, p. 115
-
"Myths About the Monarchy"
https://www.monarchist.ca/index.php/our-monarchy/myths-about-the-monarchy -
Jackson 2013, p. 11
-
Cyr 2017, p. 104
-
Maclean's
https://www.macleans.ca/society/the-crown-is-everywhere-so-why-dont-we-actually-understand-it -
Parliamentary Democracy in Crisis
https://archive.org/details/parliamentarydem0000unse -
'Which Criticisms are Founded?' Protecting Canadian Democracy: The Senate You Never Knew
-
Parliamentary Democracy in Crisis
http://www.cpsa-acsp.ca/papers-2009/Donovan.pdf -
National Post
https://nationalpost.com/opinion/michael-valpy-who-takes-the-crown -
The Idler
https://web.archive.org/web/20110706192918/http://www.pepall.ca/archive_article.asp?YEAR=&VRT=330 -
Maclean's
https://www.macleans.ca/2010/01/25/the-people-speak -
Toronto Star
https://www.thestar.com/opinion/editorials/article/756262--time-to-address-democratic-deficit -
Canadian Monarchist News
https://web.archive.org/web/20091229100400/http://www.monarchist.ca/cmn/2009/Autumn_2009_CMN.pdf -
Vive Quebec!: new thinking and new approaches to the Quebec nation
https://books.google.com/books?id=xyNlYxdpdfcC -
The Governor General and Lieutenant Governors: Canada's Misunderstood Viceroys
http://www.cpsa-acsp.ca/papers-2009/Donovan.pdf -
Neitsch 2006, p. 39
-
For Quebecers, the Queen's death raises questions about future of the monarchy in Canada
https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/montreal/quebec-queen-elizabeth-death-1.6579266 -
Canada and the Crown: Essays on Constitutional Monarchy
https://books.google.com/books?id=s5EHDAAAQBAJ&dq=history+of+the+%22queen%27s+personal+canadian+flag%22&pg=PR2 -
Jackson & Lagassé 2013, pp. 2–3
-
National Post
https://nationalpost.com/opinion/kelly-mcparland-elizabeth-may-gets-civics-lesson-from-the-queen-in-appeal-for-intervention -
What many convoy protesters get wrong about constitutional rights and the Governor General
https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/charter-gg-disinformation-civic-awareness-1.6365223 -
Monarchy and Queen Elizabeth II a symbol of colonialism for some Windsorites
https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/windsor/queen-elizabeth-death-monarchy-1.6585821 -
Reflecting on the Monarchy's role in Canada and around the world
https://calgary.citynews.ca/2022/09/13/canada-monarchy-colonialism -
The Toronto Star
https://www.thestar.com/news/canada/2022/09/11/quiet-opposition-or-colonial-complicity-queen-elizabeths-legacy-as-monarch.html -
Indigenous leaders call on King Charles III to renounce Doctrine of Discovery
https://www.ctvnews.ca/canada/article/indigenous-leaders-call-on-king-charles-iii-to-renounce-doctrine-of-discovery/ -
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The Capsule
https://catalystmcgill.com/abolishing-the-british-monarchy-a-step-towards-ending-racism-in-canada -
Historical Perspective on Monarchy in Canada
https://iscc-iecc.ca/backgrounder/historical-perspective-on-monarchy -
The Toronto Star
https://www.thestar.com/opinion/contributors/2020/02/12/abolishing-monarchy-in-canada-will-complete-colonization-of-indigenous-people.html -
Passing of Queen leaves complicated legacy for First Nations
https://rabble.ca/politics/canadian-politics/queen-elizabeth-passing-first-nations-legacy -
PP+G Review
https://ppgreview.ca/2016/03/19/the-key-role-of-the-queen-and-her-representatives-in-reconciliation -
The Trumpet
https://www.thetrumpet.com/24275-long-live-the-queen-statue-of-queen-victoria-torn-down/print -
The Hill Times
https://www.hilltimes.com/2018/05/14/ndp-mp-angus-working-indigenous-affairs-minister-bennett-convincing-pope-apologize-churchs-role-residential-school-system/143707 -
The Monarchy in Canada: God Save the Queen?
https://web.archive.org/web/20230203175314/https://ualawccstest.srv.ualberta.ca/2016/12/the-monarchy-in-canada-god-save-the-queen -
-
How Would We Amend or Abolish the Oath of Allegiance to the King in the Constitution Act, 1867?
https://parliamentum.org/2022/10/19/how-would-we-amend-or-abolish-the-oath-of-allegiance-to-the-king-in-the-constitution-act-1867 -
Notes > 44th Parliament, 1st Session - Vote No. 199
https://www.ourcommons.ca/members/en/votes/44/1/199 -
EKOS 2002, p. 34
-
National Post
https://nationalpost.com/opinion/chris-selley-what-happened-to-canadas-anti-monarchist-moment -
"Who we are and what we do"
https://web.archive.org/web/20080423185516/http://www.monarchist.ca/new/index.html -
"Our goals"
http://www.canadian-republic.ca/goals.html -
Our mission
https://iscc-iecc.ca/our-mission -
"Discovering Canada's Monarchy"
https://web.archive.org/web/20080415210925/http://www.crht.ca/Monarchy.html -
Canadian Monarchist News
http://www.monarchist.ca/cmn/2010/Spring_Summer_2010%20CMN_lr.pdf -
"Canadians apathetic about Prince Charles: poll"
http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/canadians-apathetic-about-prince-charles-poll-1.824074 -
The Crown Society of Canada
https://monarchistsociety.org -
"Purpose Statement > What the Association Stands For"
http://www.grandorangelodge.ca -
The United Empire Loyalists' Association of Canada
http://www.uelac.org/PDF/loyalist.pdf -
Conservative Party of Canada
https://web.archive.org/web/20110520101801/http://www.conservative.ca/media/20050319-CPCConstitution.pdf -
"Bloc Québécois leader calls monarchy "ridiculous""
http://calgary.ctvnews.ca -
The Gazette
https://web.archive.org/web/20121107032950/http://www.canada.com/montrealgazette/news/story.html?id=c78844d9-74e2-4665-a030-14305de0e119 -
Boyce 2008, p. 223
-
MacLeod 2015, pp. 2, 3, 39, 40
-
-
"The Queen and the Commonwealth > Queen and Canada > History and present government"
https://web.archive.org/web/20200727070332/http://www.royal.gov.uk/MonarchAndCommonwealth/Canada/Historyandpresentgovernment.aspx -
-
MacLeod 2015, pp. 2–3, 9–10, 35–38, 40, 50, 53, 56, XII
-
Monet 1979, p. 5
-
Elizabeth II
https://web.archive.org/web/20091209131104/http://www.pch.gc.ca/pgm/ceem-cced/fr-rf/titre-eng.cfm#a1 -
"Forms of Address"
https://web.archive.org/web/20111003102104/http://www.ops.gov.sk.ca/Default.aspx?DN=67ee8c0d-ae95-4ab2-87ff-e0a510ce3727 -
MacLeod 2015, pp. iv, 2, 10–11, 29–30, 35
-
-
"Opinion Polls in Canada"
http://www.canadian-republic.ca/polls.html -
Maclean's
https://www.macleans.ca/2010/07/01/who-will-wear-the-crown -
Maclean's
https://www.macleans.ca/2009/11/13/defending-the-royals -
Clarke calls on grads to help achieve the ideals of Canada
https://web.archive.org/web/20120223080137/http://www.uofaweb.ualberta.ca/senate/news.cfm?story=36105 -
"Arguments for Repatriating the Monarchy"
http://themonarchist.blogspot.com/2010/06/arguments-for-repatriating-monarchy.html -
Canadian Monarchist News
https://web.archive.org/web/20141218142140/http://www.monarchist.ca/sites/default/files/documents/2010/1/7.pdf -
