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Mixed cities

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Mixed cities

In Israel, the mixed cities (Hebrew: ערים מעורבות, romanized: 'arim me'oravot, Arabic: المدن المختلطة, romanized: al-mudun al-mukhtalita) or mixed towns are the eight cities with a significant number of both Israeli Jews and Israeli Arabs. The eight mixed Jewish-Arab cities, defined by the Israel Central Bureau of Statistics as those with more than 10% of the population registered as "Arabs" and more than 10% of the population registered as "Jews", include the following seven Israeli cities: Haifa, Lod, Ramle, Jaffa (now a part of Tel Aviv), Acre, Nof HaGalil (formerly Nazareth Illit), and Ma'alot Tarshiha. Approximately 10% of the Arab citizens of Israel live in these seven cities. The eighth city is Jerusalem, in which the Arab part of the city, East Jerusalem, has been annexed by Israel but is not recognized as such under international law. The term "mixed cities" should not be confused with multicultural cities, nor understood to necessarily imply social integration. The eight mixed cities are the main places in which Jews and Arabs encounter each other, and very limited population mixing exists in Israel outside of these eight cities. As a result the topic has attracted significant scholarly focus over many years, and since the Second Intifada (2000–2005) it became the crux of social science scholarship in Israel.

Tables

· Demographics › Mixed cities
Ottoman Syria
Ottoman Syria
Col 1
Ottoman Syria
Percentages
Mandatory Palestine
Percentages
Israel
1872
1872
Col 1
1872
Percentages
1922
Percentages
1945
Percentages
1951
Percentages
1990
Percentages
Current
Current Mixed Cities
Current Mixed Cities
Col 1
Current Mixed Cities
Jerusalem (including occupied East Jerusalem)
Jerusalem (including occupied East Jerusalem)
Col 1
Jerusalem (including occupied East Jerusalem)
Percentages
26%
Percentages
74%
Percentages
55%
Percentages
45%
Percentages
62%
Percentages
38%
Percentages
n.a.
Percentages
n.a.
Percentages
72%
Percentages
28%
Percentages
61%
Percentages
39%
Percentages
584,352
Population
366,797
Population
951,149
Population
96%
Jaffa
Jaffa
Col 1
Jaffa
Percentages
0%
Percentages
100%
Percentages
42%
Percentages
58%
Percentages
30%
Percentages
70%
Percentages
98%
Percentages
2%
Percentages
96%
Percentages
4%
Percentages
63%
Percentages
37%
Percentages
29,000
Population
17,000
Population
46,000
Population
82% (Tel Aviv-Yafo)
Acre
Acre
Col 1
Acre
Percentages
1%
Percentages
99%
Percentages
3%
Percentages
97%
Percentages
0.4%
Percentages
99.6%
Percentages
73%
Percentages
27%
Percentages
77%
Percentages
23%
Percentages
67%
Percentages
33%
Percentages
33,331
Population
16,171
Population
49,502
Population
2%
Nof HaGalil (formerly Nazareth Illit)
Nof HaGalil (formerly Nazareth Illit)
Col 1
Nof HaGalil (formerly Nazareth Illit)
Percentages
n.a.
Percentages
n.a.
Percentages
n.a.
Percentages
n.a.
Percentages
n.a.
Percentages
n.a.
Percentages
n.a.
Percentages
n.a.
Percentages
70%
Percentages
30%
Percentages
29,209
Population
12,730
Population
41,939
Population
25%
Lod
Lod
Col 1
Lod
Percentages
0%
Percentages
100%
Percentages
0.1%
Percentages
99.9%
Percentages
0.1%
Percentages
99.9%
Percentages
93%
Percentages
7%
Percentages
79%
Percentages
21%
Percentages
70%
Percentages
30%
Percentages
56,789
Population
24,142
Population
80,931
Population
73%
Ramla
Ramla
Col 1
Ramla
Percentages
0%
Percentages
100%
Percentages
0.5%
Percentages
99.5%
Percentages
0%
Percentages
100%
Percentages
89%
Percentages
11%
Percentages
83%
Percentages
17%
Percentages
76%
Percentages
24%
Percentages
58,292
Population
18,694
Population
76,986
Population
71%
Ma'alot-Tarshiha
Ma'alot-Tarshiha
Col 1
Ma'alot-Tarshiha
Percentages
0%
Percentages
100%
Percentages
0%
Percentages
100%
Percentages
0%
Percentages
100%
Percentages
0%
Percentages
100%
Percentages
78%
Percentages
22%
Percentages
17,251
Population
4,870
Population
22,121
Population
79%
Haifa
Haifa
Col 1
Haifa
Percentages
2%
Percentages
98%
Percentages
26%
Percentages
74%
Percentages
55%
Percentages
45%
Percentages
95%
Percentages
5%
Percentages
91%
Percentages
9%
Percentages
88%
Percentages
12%
Percentages
249,773
Population
33,963
Population
283,736
Population
74%
Historical Mixed Cities
Historical Mixed Cities
Col 1
Historical Mixed Cities
Safed
Safed
Col 1
Safed
Percentages
48%
Percentages
52%
Percentages
34%
Percentages
66%
Percentages
20%
Percentages
80%
Percentages
100%
Percentages
0%
Percentages
98%
Percentages
2%
Percentages
36,692
Population
781
Population
37,473
Population
n.a.
Tiberias
Tiberias
Col 1
Tiberias
Percentages
64%
Percentages
36%
Percentages
64%
Percentages
36%
Percentages
54%
Percentages
46%
Percentages
100%
Percentages
0%
Percentages
98%
Percentages
2%
Percentages
45,981
Population
717
Population
46,698
Population
n.a.
Percentages
Population
Index of dissimilarity
Ottoman Syria
Mandatory Palestine
Israel
1872
1922
1945
1951
1990
Current
Jews
Arabs
Jews and Others
Arabs
Jews
Arabs
Jews
Arabs
Jews
Arabs
Jews and others
Arabs
Jews and others
Arabs
Total
Current Mixed Cities
Jerusalem (including occupied East Jerusalem)
26%
74%
55%
45%
62%
38%
n.a.
n.a.
72%
28%
61%
39%
584,352
366,797
951,149
96%
Jaffa
0%
100%
42%
58%
30%
70%
98%
2%
96%
4%
63%
37%
29,000
17,000
46,000
82% (Tel Aviv-Yafo)
Acre
1%
99%
3%
97%
0.4%
99.6%
73%
27%
77%
23%
67%
33%
33,331
16,171
49,502
2%
Nof HaGalil (formerly Nazareth Illit)
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
70%
30%
29,209
12,730
41,939
25%
Lod
0%
100%
0.1%
99.9%
0.1%
99.9%
93%
7%
79%
21%
70%
30%
56,789
24,142
80,931
73%
Ramla
0%
100%
0.5%
99.5%
0%
100%
89%
11%
83%
17%
76%
24%
58,292
18,694
76,986
71%
Ma'alot-Tarshiha
0%
100%
0%
100%
0%
100%
0%
100%
78%
22%
17,251
4,870
22,121
79%
Haifa
2%
98%
26%
74%
55%
45%
95%
5%
91%
9%
88%
12%
249,773
33,963
283,736
74%
Historical Mixed Cities
Safed
48%
52%
34%
66%
20%
80%
100%
0%
98%
2%
36,692
781
37,473
n.a.
Tiberias
64%
36%
64%
36%
54%
46%
100%
0%
98%
2%
45,981
717
46,698
n.a.

References

  1. Tzfadia 2011, p. 153.
  2. Falah 1996, p. 829: "The term 'mixed towns' is often used in Israel to describe those towns or cities that contain a sub
  3. Sadeh 2015, p. ii: "A "mixed city," according to the definition by the Central Bureau of Statistics, is one where at lea
  4. Diab, Shdema & Schnell 2021, p. 5: "In all mixed cities, Jews represent 70–90 per cent of the total population."
  5. "Topic: Mixed Cities in Israel"
    https://www.iataskforce.org/sites/default/files/resource/resource-262.pdf
  6. "Topic: Mixed Cities in Israel"
    https://www.iataskforce.org/sites/default/files/resource/resource-262.pdf
  7. Karlinsky 2021, p. 1114: "Jerusalem presents a special case..."
  8. Tzfadia 2011, p. 160a: "Israeli mixed cities, particularly after 1948, cannot be perceived as multi-cultural cities, a p
  9. Tel Aviv Review of Books
    https://www.tarb.co.il/the-new-mixed-cities/
  10. Sadeh 2015, p. iii: "Some 16,000 Arabs are estimated to be living in 16 cities not officially defined as mixed, or in pr
  11. International Journal of Middle East Studies
    https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/international-journal-of-middle-east-studies/article/reconfiguring-the-mixed-town-urban-transformations-of-ethnonational-relations-in-palestine-and-israel/5AB0B676A0679858F98AB3DA8AC20B6A/share/c4e2722f72e7ade9c6e43f8b7dc8253663029555
  12. Beyond the Basilica: Christians and Muslims in Nazareth
    https://books.google.com/books?id=zuVaEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA162
  13. Washington Post
    https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/high-above-nazareth-an-israeli-mayor-wants-to-keep-his-city-jewish-now-and-forever/2013/09/19/1a3fd172-2157-11e3-ad1a-1a919f2ed890_story.html
  14. Facing Barriers: Palestinian Women in a Jewish-Dominated Labor Market
    https://books.google.com/books?id=dARNDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA29
  15. Sadeh 2015: "The new mixed cities such as Upper Nazareth with its 20% Arab population have no Arab schools. In Upper Naz
  16. Routledge Handbook on Middle East Cities
    https://books.google.com/books?id=d0agDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA117
  17. Diab, Shdema & Schnell 2021, p. 6: "Most Arabs live in marginalised ethnic enclaves"
  18. Tzfadia 2011, p. 160b: "Israeli mixed cities, particularly after 1948, cannot be perceived as multi-cultural cities, a p
  19. Yacobi 2009, p. 1: "However, a critical examination forces us to question the term "mixed city," which might originally
  20. The New York Times
    https://www.nytimes.com/2021/08/01/world/middleeast/israel-arabs-jews-palestinians-riots.html
  21. ynetnews
    https://www.ynetnews.com/article/rjlvknq8t
  22. The Jerusalem Post
    https://www.jpost.com/opinion/article-707595
  23. Urban Studies
    https://doi.org/10.1177%2F00420980211021346
  24. Anthropology & Education Quarterly
    http://www.jstor.org/stable/45176733
  25. Early Child Development and Care
    https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/03004430.2024.2346736
  26. Monterescu & Rabinowitz 2016, p. 7: Figure 1.1 Demographic ratio (Arabs:Jews) in selected Mixed Towns in Palestine/Israe
  27. Haaretz.com
    https://www.haaretz.com/1.5128965
  28. Jerusalem Institute for Policy Research
    https://jerusaleminstitute.org.il/blog/segregation-and-dissimilarity/
  29. Scholch, Alexander. "The Demographic Development of Palestine, 1850–1882." International Journal of Middle East Studies,
    https://www.jstor.org/stable/163415
  30. 1922 census of Palestine, page 9: Jerusalem 34460 Jews and others, 28118 Arabs, 62578 total; Jaffa 20160 Jews and others
  31. Falah 1996, p. 830.
  32. Commons:Category:Village Statistics, 1945
    https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Village_Statistics,_1945
  33. Middle Eastern Studies
    http://www.jstor.org/stable/4283205
  34. Israel Central Bureau of Statistics, "Settlements".
    https://www.cbs.gov.il/EN/settlements/
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