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Minecraft

Updated: 12/20/2025, 11:11:57 AM Wikipedia source

Minecraft is a sandbox game developed and published by Mojang Studios. Formally released on 18 November 2011 for personal computers following its initial public alpha release on 17 May 2009, it has been ported to numerous platforms, including mobile devices and various video game consoles. In Minecraft, players explore a procedurally generated, three-dimensional world with virtually infinite terrain made up of voxels (cubes). Players can discover and extract raw materials, craft tools and items, and build structures, earthworks, and machines. Depending on the game mode, players can fight hostile mobs, as well as cooperate with or compete against other players in multiplayer. The game's large community offers a wide variety of user-generated content, such as modifications, servers, player skins, texture packs, and custom maps, which add new game mechanics and possibilities. Originally created in 2009 by Markus "Notch" Persson using the Java programming language, Jens "Jeb" Bergensten was handed control over the game's continuing development following its full release in 2011. In 2014, Mojang and the Minecraft intellectual property were purchased by Microsoft for US$2.5 billion; Xbox Game Studios hold the publishing rights for the Bedrock Edition, the cross-platform version based on the mobile Pocket Edition which replaced the existing console versions in 2017. Bedrock is updated concurrently with Mojang's original Java Edition, although with numerous, generally small, differences. Minecraft is the best-selling video game of all time, with over 350 million copies sold (as of 2025) and 140 million monthly active players (as of 2021). It has received critical acclaim, winning several awards and being cited as one of the greatest video games of all time; social media, parodies, adaptations, merchandise, and the annual Minecon conventions have played prominent roles in popularizing the game. It also has been noted as a cultural touchstone for Generation Z, as they grew up playing the game at a young age. The game's speedrunning scene has attracted a significant following. Minecraft has been used in educational environments to teach chemistry, computer-aided design, and computer science. The wider Minecraft franchise includes several spin-off games, such as Minecraft: Story Mode, Minecraft Earth, Minecraft Dungeons, and Minecraft Legends. A live action film adaptation, titled A Minecraft Movie, was released in 2025, and became the second highest-grossing video game film of all time.

Infobox

Developer
mw- Mojang Studios[f]
Publisher
Mojang Studios[g]
Designers
Markus Persson[h]Jens Bergensten
Artists
Markus ToivonenJasper BoerstraKristoffer Zetterstrand
Composers
C418Lena RaineKumi TaniokaAaron CherofAmos RoddyGareth Coker
Series
Minecraft
Engine
LWJGL
Platforms
mw- LinuxmacOSWindows Android iOS iPadOS Xbox 360 Raspberry Pi Windows Phone PlayStation 3 Fire OS PlayStation 4 Xbox One PlayStation Vita Wii U tvOS Nintendo Switch New Nintendo 3DS ChromeOS PlayStation 5 Xbox Series X/S
Release
18 November 2011 Linux, Mac OS X, Windows 17 May 2009 (public alpha)[a] Android 7 October 2011 (public alpha)[b] iOS 17 November 2011 (public alpha) Linux, Mac OS X, Windows WW: 18 November 2011 Xbox 360 WW: 9 May 2012 Raspberry Pi WW: 11 February 2013 PlayStation 3 NA: 17 December 2013EU: 18 December 2013 Fire OS 2 April 2014 (public alpha) PlayStation 4 WW: 4 September 2014 Xbox One WW: 5 September 2014 PlayStation Vita NA: 14 October 2014EU: 15 October 2014 Windows Phone 10 December 2014 (public alpha) Windows 10 29 July 2015 (public alpha)[c] Wii U WW: 17 December 2015 Android, iOS, Windows 10, Fire OS, Windows Phone, tvOS, Fire TV WW: 19 December 2016 Nintendo Switch NA: 11 May 2017PAL: 12 May 2017 New Nintendo 3DS WW: 13 September 2017 ChromeOS WW: 8 June 2023 PlayStation 5 WW: 22 October 2024[d] Xbox Series X/S WW: 17 June 2025[e]
Genres
Sandbox, survival
Modes
Single-player, multiplayer

Tables

Java Edition major update release timelinePre-release years in red · Development › Editions › <i>Java Edition</i>
Classic
Classic
2009
Classic
Survival Test
Survival Test
2009
Survival Test
Indev
Indev
2009
Indev
2010
2010
2009
2010
Pre-Classic
Infdev
Alpha
Alpha
2009
Alpha
Alpha v1.2.0 - v1.2.6: "Halloween Update"
Alpha v1.2.0 - v1.2.6: "Halloween Update"
2009
Alpha v1.2.0 - v1.2.6: "Halloween Update"
Beta
Beta
2009
Beta
2011
2011
2009
2011
Pre-Classic
Beta
Release 1.0: "Adventure Update"
Release 1.0: "Adventure Update"
2009
Release 1.0: "Adventure Update"
2012
2012
2009
2012
Pre-Classic
1.1
1.2
1.2
2009
1.2
1.3
1.3
2009
1.3
1.4: "Pretty Scary Update"
1.4: "Pretty Scary Update"
2009
1.4: "Pretty Scary Update"
2013
2013
2009
2013
Pre-Classic
1.5: "Redstone Update"
1.6: "Horse Update"
1.6: "Horse Update"
2009
1.6: "Horse Update"
1.7: "The Update that Changed the World"
1.7: "The Update that Changed the World"
2009
1.7: "The Update that Changed the World"
2014
2014
2009
2014
Pre-Classic
1.8: "Bountiful Update"
2015
2015
2009
2015
2016
2016
2009
2016
Pre-Classic
1.9: "Combat Update"
1.10: "Frostburn Update"
1.10: "Frostburn Update"
2009
1.10: "Frostburn Update"
1.11: "Exploration Update"
1.11: "Exploration Update"
2009
1.11: "Exploration Update"
2017
2017
2009
2017
Pre-Classic
1.12: "World of Color Update"
2018
2018
2009
2018
Pre-Classic
1.13: "Update Aquatic"
2019
2019
2009
2019
Pre-Classic
1.14: "Village & Pillage"
1.15: "Buzzy Bees"
1.15: "Buzzy Bees"
2009
1.15: "Buzzy Bees"
2020
2020
2009
2020
Pre-Classic
1.16: "Nether Update"
2021
2021
2009
2021
Pre-Classic
1.17: "Caves & Cliffs: Part I"
1.18: "Caves & Cliffs: Part II"
1.18: "Caves & Cliffs: Part II"
2009
1.18: "Caves & Cliffs: Part II"
2022
2022
2009
2022
Pre-Classic
1.19: "The Wild Update"
2023
2023
2009
2023
Pre-Classic
1.20: "Trails & Tales"
2024
2024
2009
2024
Pre-Classic
1.21: "Tricky Trials"
2009
Pre-Classic
Classic
Survival Test
Indev
2010
Infdev
Alpha
Alpha v1.2.0 - v1.2.6: "Halloween Update"
Beta
2011
Beta
Release 1.0: "Adventure Update"
2012
1.1
1.2
1.3
Pretty Scary Update"
2013
Redstone Update"
Horse Update"
The Update that Changed the World"
2014
Bountiful Update"
2015
2016
Combat Update"
Frostburn Update"
Exploration Update"
2017
World of Color Update"
2018
Update Aquatic"
2019
Village & Pillage"
Buzzy Bees"
2020
Nether Update"
2021
Caves & Cliffs: Part I"
Caves & Cliffs: Part II"
2022
The Wild Update"
2023
Trails & Tales"
2024
Tricky Trials"
Aggregate score
Metacritic
Metacritic
Aggregator
Metacritic
Score
(PC) 93/100(PS4) 89/100(XONE) 88/100(PS3) 86/100(NS) 86/100(VITA) 84/100(X360) 82/100(WIIU) 77/100(3DS) 62/100(iOS) 53/100
Aggregator
Score
Metacritic
(PC) 93/100(PS4) 89/100(XONE) 88/100(PS3) 86/100(NS) 86/100(VITA) 84/100(X360) 82/100(WIIU) 77/100(3DS) 62/100(iOS) 53/100
Review scores
1Up.com
1Up.com
Publication
1Up.com
Score
(PC) A+
Edge
Edge
Publication
Edge
Score
(PC) 9/10
Eurogamer
Eurogamer
Publication
Eurogamer
Score
(PC) 10/10(X360) 9/10
Game Informer
Game Informer
Publication
Game Informer
Score
(PC) 9.25/10(X360) 8.75/10
GameSpot
GameSpot
Publication
GameSpot
Score
(PC) 8.5/10(X360) 7.0/10
GameSpy
GameSpy
Publication
GameSpy
Score
(PC) 5/5
IGN
IGN
Publication
IGN
Score
(PC) 9.0/10(iOS) 7.5/10(X360) 8.5/10(PS3) 9.5/10(PS4) 9.7/10(XONE) 9.7/10(VITA) 9.5/10(NS) 9.5/10(3DS) 6.5/10
Nintendo Life
Nintendo Life
Publication
Nintendo Life
Score
(WII U) 7.5/10(3DS) 6.6/10(NS) 8.2/10
PC Gamer (US)
PC Gamer (US)
Publication
PC Gamer (US)
Score
(PC) 96/100
TouchArcade
TouchArcade
Publication
TouchArcade
Score
(iOS) 3.5/5(Version 0.12) 5/5
Publication
Score
1Up.com
(PC) A+
Edge
(PC) 9/10
Eurogamer
(PC) 10/10(X360) 9/10
Game Informer
(PC) 9.25/10(X360) 8.75/10
GameSpot
(PC) 8.5/10(X360) 7.0/10
GameSpy
(PC) 5/5
IGN
iOS) 7.5/10(X360) 8.5/10(PS3) 9.5/10(PS4) 9.7/10(XONE) 9.7/10(VITA) 9.5/10(NS) 9.5/10(3DS) 6.5/10
Nintendo Life
(WII U) 7.5/10(3DS) 6.6/10(NS) 8.2/10
PC Gamer (US)
(PC) 96/100
TouchArcade
(iOS) 3.5/5(Version 0.12) 5/5

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  1. Minecraft was first publicly available on 17 May 2009, and, following many developmental phases over the next two years,
  2. Minecraft's Pocket Edition was released in Alpha on 7 October 2011. Its full release with version 1.0.0 was on 19 Decemb
  3. Minecraft's Windows 10 Edition, based on the mobile Pocket Edition, was released in Alpha on 29 July 2015. Its full rele
  4. A native version for PlayStation 5 was released as part of a game update on 22 October 2024. The game previously used th
  5. A native version for Xbox Series X/S was released as part of a game update on 17 June 2025. The game previously used the
  6. The original versions of the game for consoles (known as "legacy console" editions) were developed by 4J Studios. Additi
  7. The PlayStation 3 version was published by Sony Interactive Entertainment, while the localized version of the game in ma
  8. Left Mojang Studios in 2014
  9. The date is debatable, it was either on 10, 11 or 12 May 2009.
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