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Midwestern United States

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Midwestern United States

The Midwestern United States (also referred to as the Midwest, the Heartland, the American Midwest, or, datedly, the Middle West) is one of the four census regions defined by the United States Census Bureau. It occupies the northern central part of the United States. It was officially named the North Central Region by the U.S. Census Bureau until 1984. It is between the Northeastern United States and the Western United States, with Canada to the north and the Southern United States to the south. The U.S. Census Bureau's definition consists of 12 states in the north central United States: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin. The region generally lies on the broad Interior Plain between the states occupying the Appalachian Mountain range and the states occupying the Rocky Mountain range. Major rivers in the region include, from east to west, the Ohio River, the Upper Mississippi River, and the Missouri River. The 2020 United States census put the population of the Midwest at 68,995,685. The Midwest is divided by the U.S. Census Bureau into two divisions. The East North Central Division includes Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, and Wisconsin, all of which are also part of the Great Lakes region. The West North Central Division includes Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, North Dakota, Nebraska, and South Dakota, several of which are located, at least partly, within the Great Plains region. Chicago is the most populous city in the American Midwest and the third-most populous in the United States. Other large Midwestern cities include Columbus, Indianapolis, Detroit, Milwaukee, Kansas City, Omaha, Minneapolis, Cleveland, Cincinnati, St. Paul, and St. Louis. Chicago and its suburbs, colloquially known as Chicagoland, form the largest metropolitan area with 10 million people, making it the fourth-largest metropolitan area in North America, after Greater Mexico City, the New York metropolitan area, and Greater Los Angeles. The American Midwest is also home other prominent metropolitan areas, including Metro Detroit, Minneapolis–St. Paul, Greater St. Louis, the Cincinnati metro area, the Kansas City metro area, the Columbus metro area, the Indianapolis metro area, Greater Cleveland, and the Milwaukee metropolitan area. The region's economy is a mix of heavy industry and agriculture, with extensive areas forming part of the United States' Corn Belt. Finance and services such as medicine and education are becoming increasingly important. Its central location makes it a transportation crossroads for river boats, railroads, autos, trucks, and airplanes. Politically, the region includes multiple swing states, and therefore is heavily contested and often decisive in elections.

Infobox

Subregions
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Country
United States
States
Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin as defined by the Census Bureau. Regional definitions might vary slightly among sources.
Largest metropolitan areas
ChicagoDetroitMinneapolis–St. PaulSt. LouisCincinnatiKansas CityColumbusIndianapolisClevelandMilwaukee
Largest cities
ChicagoColumbusIndianapolisDetroitMilwaukeeKansas CityOmahaMinneapolisWichitaClevelandCincinnatiSt. PaulSt. Louis
• Total
68,985,454
• Density
91.9166/sq mi (35.4892/km2)
Demonym
Midwesterner

Tables

· Geography › Definitions
Iowa
Iowa
State
Iowa
2020 census
3,190,369
2010 census
3,046,355
Change
+4.73%
Area
55,857.09 sq mi (144,669.2 km2)
Density
57/sq mi (22/km2)
Kansas
Kansas
State
Kansas
2020 census
2,937,880
2010 census
2,853,118
Change
+2.97%
Area
81,758.65 sq mi (211,753.9 km2)
Density
36/sq mi (14/km2)
Missouri
Missouri
State
Missouri
2020 census
6,154,913
2010 census
5,988,927
Change
+2.77%
Area
68,741.47 sq mi (178,039.6 km2)
Density
90/sq mi (35/km2)
Nebraska
Nebraska
State
Nebraska
2020 census
1,961,504
2010 census
1,826,341
Change
+7.40%
Area
76,824.11 sq mi (198,973.5 km2)
Density
26/sq mi (10/km2)
North Dakota
North Dakota
State
North Dakota
2020 census
779,094
2010 census
672,591
Change
+15.83%
Area
69,000.74 sq mi (178,711.1 km2)
Density
11/sq mi (4/km2)
South Dakota
South Dakota
State
South Dakota
2020 census
886,667
2010 census
814,180
Change
+8.90%
Area
75,810.94 sq mi (196,349.4 km2)
Density
12/sq mi (5/km2)
Great Plains
Great Plains
State
Great Plains
2020 census
15,910,427
2010 census
15,201,512
Change
+4.66%
Area
427,993.00 sq mi (1,108,496.8 km2)
Density
37/sq mi (14/km2)
Illinois
Illinois
State
Illinois
2020 census
12,812,508
2010 census
12,830,632
Change
−0.14%
Area
55,518.89 sq mi (143,793.3 km2)
Density
231/sq mi (89/km2)
Indiana
Indiana
State
Indiana
2020 census
6,785,528
2010 census
6,483,802
Change
+4.65%
Area
35,826.08 sq mi (92,789.1 km2)
Density
189/sq mi (73/km2)
Michigan
Michigan
State
Michigan
2020 census
10,077,331
2010 census
9,883,640
Change
+1.96%
Area
56,538.86 sq mi (146,435.0 km2)
Density
178/sq mi (69/km2)
Minnesota
Minnesota
State
Minnesota
2020 census
5,706,494
2010 census
5,303,925
Change
+7.59%
Area
79,626.68 sq mi (206,232.2 km2)
Density
72/sq mi (28/km2)
Ohio
Ohio
State
Ohio
2020 census
11,799,448
2010 census
11,536,504
Change
+2.28%
Area
40,860.66 sq mi (105,828.6 km2)
Density
289/sq mi (111/km2)
Wisconsin
Wisconsin
State
Wisconsin
2020 census
5,893,718
2010 census
5,686,986
Change
+3.64%
Area
54,157.76 sq mi (140,268.0 km2)
Density
109/sq mi (42/km2)
Great Lakes
Great Lakes
State
Great Lakes
2020 census
53,085,258
2010 census
51,725,489
Change
+2.63%
Area
322,528.93 sq mi (835,346.1 km2)
Density
165/sq mi (64/km2)
Total
Total
State
Total
2020 census
68,995,685
2010 census
66,927,001
Change
+3.09%
Area
750,521.93 sq mi (1,943,842.9 km2)
Density
92/sq mi (35/km2)
State
2020 census
2010 census
Change
Area
Density
Iowa
3,190,369
3,046,355
+4.73%
55,857.09 sq mi (144,669.2 km2)
57/sq mi (22/km2)
Kansas
2,937,880
2,853,118
+2.97%
81,758.65 sq mi (211,753.9 km2)
36/sq mi (14/km2)
Missouri
6,154,913
5,988,927
+2.77%
68,741.47 sq mi (178,039.6 km2)
90/sq mi (35/km2)
Nebraska
1,961,504
1,826,341
+7.40%
76,824.11 sq mi (198,973.5 km2)
26/sq mi (10/km2)
North Dakota
779,094
672,591
+15.83%
69,000.74 sq mi (178,711.1 km2)
11/sq mi (4/km2)
South Dakota
886,667
814,180
+8.90%
75,810.94 sq mi (196,349.4 km2)
12/sq mi (5/km2)
Great Plains
15,910,427
15,201,512
+4.66%
427,993.00 sq mi (1,108,496.8 km2)
37/sq mi (14/km2)
Illinois
12,812,508
12,830,632
−0.14%
55,518.89 sq mi (143,793.3 km2)
231/sq mi (89/km2)
Indiana
6,785,528
6,483,802
+4.65%
35,826.08 sq mi (92,789.1 km2)
189/sq mi (73/km2)
Michigan
10,077,331
9,883,640
+1.96%
56,538.86 sq mi (146,435.0 km2)
178/sq mi (69/km2)
Minnesota
5,706,494
5,303,925
+7.59%
79,626.68 sq mi (206,232.2 km2)
72/sq mi (28/km2)
Ohio
11,799,448
11,536,504
+2.28%
40,860.66 sq mi (105,828.6 km2)
289/sq mi (111/km2)
Wisconsin
5,893,718
5,686,986
+3.64%
54,157.76 sq mi (140,268.0 km2)
109/sq mi (42/km2)
Great Lakes
53,085,258
51,725,489
+2.63%
322,528.93 sq mi (835,346.1 km2)
165/sq mi (64/km2)
Total
68,995,685
66,927,001
+3.09%
750,521.93 sq mi (1,943,842.9 km2)
92/sq mi (35/km2)
Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSA) ranked by population size · Geography › Major metropolitan areas
1
1
Rank(Mid­west)
1
Rank(USA)
3
MSA
Chicago
State(s)
IllinoisIndianaWisconsin
Population­
9,449,351
Col 6
2
2
Rank(Mid­west)
2
Rank(USA)
14
MSA
Detroit
State(s)
Michigan
Population­
4,392,041
Col 6
3
3
Rank(Mid­west)
3
Rank(USA)
16
MSA
Twin Cities (Minneapolis–Saint Paul)
State(s)
MinnesotaWisconsin
Population­
3,690,261
Col 6
4
4
Rank(Mid­west)
4
Rank(USA)
21
MSA
St. Louis
State(s)
MissouriIllinois
Population­
2,820,253
Col 6
5
5
Rank(Mid­west)
5
Rank(USA)
30
MSA
Cincinnati
State(s)
OhioKentuckyIndiana
Population­
2,249,797
Col 6
6
6
Rank(Mid­west)
6
Rank(USA)
31
MSA
Kansas City
State(s)
MissouriKansas
Population­
2,192,035
Col 6
7
7
Rank(Mid­west)
7
Rank(USA)
32
MSA
Cleveland
State(s)
Ohio
Population­
2,185,825
Col 6
8
8
Rank(Mid­west)
8
Rank(USA)
33
MSA
Columbus
State(s)
Ohio
Population­
2,138,926
Col 6
9
9
Rank(Mid­west)
9
Rank(USA)
34
MSA
Indianapolis
State(s)
Indiana
Population­
2,089,653
Col 6
10
10
Rank(Mid­west)
10
Rank(USA)
40
MSA
Milwaukee
State(s)
Wisconsin
Population­
1,574,731
Col 6
11
11
Rank(Mid­west)
11
Rank(USA)
51
MSA
Grand Rapids
State(s)
Michigan
Population­
1,150,015
Col 6
12
12
Rank(Mid­west)
12
Rank(USA)
57
MSA
Omaha
State(s)
NebraskaIowa
Population­
967,604
Col 6
13
13
Rank(Mid­west)
13
Rank(USA)
74
MSA
Dayton
State(s)
Ohio
Population­
814,049
Col 6
14
14
Rank(Mid­west)
14
Rank(USA)
81
MSA
Des Moines
State(s)
Iowa
Population­
709,466
Col 6
15
15
Rank(Mid­west)
15
Rank(USA)
85
MSA
Akron
State(s)
Ohio
Population­
702,219
Col 6
16
16
Rank(Mid­west)
16
Rank(USA)
87
MSA
Madison
State(s)
Wisconsin
Population­
680,796
Col 6
17
17
Rank(Mid­west)
17
Rank(USA)
90
MSA
Wichita
State(s)
Kansas
Population­
647,610
Col 6
18
18
Rank(Mid­west)
18
Rank(USA)
96
MSA
Toledo
State(s)
Ohio
Population­
606,240
Col 6
Rank(Mid­west)
Rank(USA)
MSA
State(s)
Population­
1
3
Chicago
IllinoisIndianaWisconsin
9,449,351
2
14
Detroit
Michigan
4,392,041
3
16
Twin Cities (Minneapolis–Saint Paul)
MinnesotaWisconsin
3,690,261
4
21
St. Louis
MissouriIllinois
2,820,253
5
30
Cincinnati
OhioKentuckyIndiana
2,249,797
6
31
Kansas City
MissouriKansas
2,192,035
7
32
Cleveland
Ohio
2,185,825
8
33
Columbus
Ohio
2,138,926
9
34
Indianapolis
Indiana
2,089,653
10
40
Milwaukee
Wisconsin
1,574,731
11
51
Grand Rapids
Michigan
1,150,015
12
57
Omaha
NebraskaIowa
967,604
13
74
Dayton
Ohio
814,049
14
81
Des Moines
Iowa
709,466
15
85
Akron
Ohio
702,219
16
87
Madison
Wisconsin
680,796
17
90
Wichita
Kansas
647,610
18
96
Toledo
Ohio
606,240
· Demographics
Total
Total
Race (2022)
Total
Population
68,787,600
Share of population
100.0%
White (Non-Hispanic)
White (Non-Hispanic)
Race (2022)
White (Non-Hispanic)
Population
50,186,628
Share of population
73.0%
Black (Non-Hispanic)
Black (Non-Hispanic)
Race (2022)
Black (Non-Hispanic)
Population
6,797,609
Share of population
9.9%
Asian (Non-Hispanic)
Asian (Non-Hispanic)
Race (2022)
Asian (Non-Hispanic)
Population
2,383,156
Share of population
3.5%
Native American (Non-Hispanic)
Native American (Non-Hispanic)
Race (2022)
Native American (Non-Hispanic)
Population
268,845
Share of population
0.4%
Pacific Islander (Non-Hispanic)
Pacific Islander (Non-Hispanic)
Race (2022)
Pacific Islander (Non-Hispanic)
Population
41,630
Share of population
0.1%
Multiracial (Non-Hispanic)
Multiracial (Non-Hispanic)
Race (2022)
Multiracial (Non-Hispanic)
Population
2,901,606
Share of population
4.2%
Some other race (Non-Hispanic)
Some other race (Non-Hispanic)
Race (2022)
Some other race (Non-Hispanic)
Population
293,288
Share of population
0.4%
Hispanic or Latino (Of any race)
Hispanic or Latino (Of any race)
Race (2022)
Hispanic or Latino (Of any race)
Population
5,914,837
Share of population
8.6%
Race (2022)
Population
Share of population
Total
68,787,600
100.0%
White (Non-Hispanic)
50,186,628
73.0%
Black (Non-Hispanic)
6,797,609
9.9%
Asian (Non-Hispanic)
2,383,156
3.5%
Native American (Non-Hispanic)
268,845
0.4%
Pacific Islander (Non-Hispanic)
41,630
0.1%
Multiracial (Non-Hispanic)
2,901,606
4.2%
Some other race (Non-Hispanic)
293,288
0.4%
Hispanic or Latino (Of any race)
5,914,837
8.6%
Historical Racial Composition of the Midwest (1890-1960)[136] · Demographics
White
White
Racial composition
White
1890
97.8%
1900
97.9%
1910
98.0%
1920
97.5%
1930
96.5%
1940
96.3%
1950
94.7%
1960
93.0%
Black
Black
Racial composition
Black
1890
1.9%
1900
1.9%
1910
1.8%
1920
2.3%
1930
3.3%
1940
3.5%
1950
5.0%
1960
6.7%
Asian
Asian
Racial composition
Asian
1890
0.0%
1900
0.0%
1910
0.0%
1920
0.0%
1930
0.0%
1940
0.0%
1950
0.1%
1960
0.1%
Native American
Native American
Racial composition
Native American
1890
0.3%
1900
0.2%
1910
0.2%
1920
0.2%
1930
0.2%
1940
0.2%
1950
0.2%
1960
0.2%
Racial composition
1890
1900
1910
1920
1930
1940
1950
1960
White
97.8%
97.9%
98.0%
97.5%
96.5%
96.3%
94.7%
93.0%
Black
1.9%
1.9%
1.8%
2.3%
3.3%
3.5%
5.0%
6.7%
Asian
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.1%
0.1%
Native American
0.3%
0.2%
0.2%
0.2%
0.2%
0.2%
0.2%
0.2%
Historical Ethnic/Racial Composition of the Midwest (1970-2020) · Demographics
White (Non-Hispanic)
White (Non-Hispanic)
Racial/Ethnic composition
White (Non-Hispanic)
1970
89.6%
1980
87.5%
1990
85.8%
2000
81.4%
2010
77.8%
2020
72.6%
Black (Non-Hispanic
Black (Non-Hispanic
Racial/Ethnic composition
Black (Non-Hispanic
1970
7.9%
1980
9.0%
1990
9.5%
2000
9.9%
2010
10.2%
2020
10.3%
Asian (Non-Hispanic)
Asian (Non-Hispanic)
Racial/Ethnic composition
Asian (Non-Hispanic)
1970
0.2%
1980
0.6%
1990
1.3%
2000
1.8%
2010
2.6%
2020
3.5%
Native American (Non-Hispanic)
Native American (Non-Hispanic)
Racial/Ethnic composition
Native American (Non-Hispanic)
1970
0.3%
1980
0.4%
1990
0.5%
2000
0.6%
2010
0.6%
2020
0.6%
'Some other race' (Non-Hispanic)
'Some other race' (Non-Hispanic)
Racial/Ethnic composition
'Some other race' (Non-Hispanic)
1970
0.2%
1980
0.3%
1990
0.1%
2000
0.1%
2010
0.1%
2020
0.4%
Two or more races (Non-Hispanic)
Two or more races (Non-Hispanic)
Racial/Ethnic composition
Two or more races (Non-Hispanic)
1970
1980
1990
2000
1.4%
2010
1.7%
2020
4.0%
Hispanic or Latino (Any race)
Hispanic or Latino (Any race)
Racial/Ethnic composition
Hispanic or Latino (Any race)
1970
1.9%
1980
2.2%
1990
2.9%
2000
4.8%
2010
7.0%
2020
8.7%
Racial/Ethnic composition
1970
1980
1990
2000
2010
2020
White (Non-Hispanic)
89.6%
87.5%
85.8%
81.4%
77.8%
72.6%
Black (Non-Hispanic
7.9%
9.0%
9.5%
9.9%
10.2%
10.3%
Asian (Non-Hispanic)
0.2%
0.6%
1.3%
1.8%
2.6%
3.5%
Native American (Non-Hispanic)
0.3%
0.4%
0.5%
0.6%
0.6%
0.6%
'Some other race' (Non-Hispanic)
0.2%
0.3%
0.1%
0.1%
0.1%
0.4%
Two or more races (Non-Hispanic)
1.4%
1.7%
4.0%
Hispanic or Latino (Any race)
1.9%
2.2%
2.9%
4.8%
7.0%
8.7%

References

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