Middle-earth in motion pictures
Updated: 12/11/2025, 2:05:38 PM Wikipedia source
J. R. R. Tolkien's novels The Hobbit (1937) and The Lord of the Rings (1954–55), set in his fictional world of Middle-earth, have been the subject of numerous motion picture adaptations across film and television. Tolkien was skeptical of the prospects of an adaptation. The rights to adapt his works passed through the hands of several studios, having been briefly leased to Rembrandt Films before being sold perpetually to United Artists, who then passed them in part to Saul Zaentz who operated the rights under Middle-earth Enterprises. During this time, filmmakers who attempted to adapt Tolkien's works include William Snyder, Peter Shaffer, John Boorman, Ralph Bakshi, Peter Jackson, and Guillermo del Toro. Other filmmakers who were interested in an adaptation included Walt Disney, Al Brodax, Forrest J Ackerman, Samuel Gelfman, Denis O'Dell, and Heinz Edelmann. The first commercial adaptation of Tolkien's works was the Rankin/Bass animated television special The Hobbit (1977). The first theatrical adaptation was Ralph Bakshi's animated film The Lord of the Rings (1978). This was followed by the Rankin/Bass animated television film The Return of the King (1980). The first live-action adaptations were European television productions, mostly unlicensed, made in the 1970s and early 1990s. New Line Cinema produced the Lord of the Rings film trilogy (2001–2003) directed by Jackson, and later returned to produce his Hobbit film trilogy (2012–2014). The New Line franchise has received a record 37 Academy Award nominations, winning 17, and a record three special awards. To prevent New Line from losing the film adaptation rights, an anime prequel film was put into production. Subtitled The War of the Rohirrim, it was released in 2024. After Middle-earth Enterprises was acquired by Embracer Group, a new deal was struck with New Line to make two new films. The first was given the working title The Hunt for Gollum and is scheduled for release in 2027. In 2017, Amazon Prime Video bought the right to make a television series, separate from the New Line films. Titled The Lord of the Rings: The Rings of Power, the first season was released in 2022 and the second in 2024. Three more seasons are planned. Some well-received fan films based on Tolkien's novels have been made; The Hunt for Gollum and Born of Hope were both uploaded to YouTube in 2009.
Tables
· Reception › Box office performance
Worldwide
Worldwide
Motion picture
Worldwide
Release date
North America
Box office gross (rounded)
Other territories
The Lord of the Rings
The Lord of the Rings
Motion picture
The Lord of the Rings
Release date
15 November 1978 (1978-11-15)
Box office gross (rounded)
$31m
Box office gross (rounded)
$30m
Box office gross (rounded)
$5m
Budget
$6m
The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring
The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring
Motion picture
The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring
Release date
19 December 2001 (2001-12-19)
Box office gross (rounded)
$887m
Box office gross (rounded)
$315m
Box office gross (rounded)
$556m
Budget
$93m
The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers
The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers
Motion picture
The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers
Release date
18 December 2002 (2002-12-18)
Box office gross (rounded)
$938m
Box office gross (rounded)
$342m
Box office gross (rounded)
$583m
Budget
$94m
The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King
The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King
Motion picture
The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King
Release date
17 December 2003 (2003-12-17)
Box office gross (rounded)
$1,138m
Box office gross (rounded)
$378m
Box office gross (rounded)
$742m
Budget
$94m
The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey
The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey
Motion picture
The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey
Release date
14 December 2012 (2012-12-14)
Box office gross (rounded)
$1,017m
Box office gross (rounded)
$303m
Box office gross (rounded)
$714m
Budget
$200m
The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug
The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug
Motion picture
The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug
Release date
13 December 2013 (2013-12-13)
Box office gross (rounded)
$959m
Box office gross (rounded)
$258m
Box office gross (rounded)
$702m
Budget
$225m
The Hobbit: The Battle of the Five Armies
The Hobbit: The Battle of the Five Armies
Motion picture
The Hobbit: The Battle of the Five Armies
Release date
17 December 2014 (2014-12-17)
Box office gross (rounded)
$956m
Box office gross (rounded)
$255m
Box office gross (rounded)
$700m
Budget
$250m
The Lord of the Rings: The War of the Rohirrim
The Lord of the Rings: The War of the Rohirrim
Motion picture
The Lord of the Rings: The War of the Rohirrim
Release date
13 December 2024 (2024-12-13)
Box office gross (rounded)
$20m
Box office gross (rounded)
$9m
Box office gross (rounded)
$11m
Budget
$30m
Rounded totals
Rounded totals
Motion picture
Rounded totals
Release date
$5,932m
Box office gross (rounded)
$1,883m
Box office gross (rounded)
$4,003m
Box office gross (rounded)
$962m
| Motion picture | Release date | Box office gross (rounded) | Budget | Refs | ||
| Worldwide | North America | Other territories | ||||
| The Lord of the Rings | 15 November 1978 (1978-11-15) | $31m | $30m | $5m | $6m | |
| The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring | 19 December 2001 (2001-12-19) | $887m | $315m | $556m | $93m | |
| The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers | 18 December 2002 (2002-12-18) | $938m | $342m | $583m | $94m | |
| The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King | 17 December 2003 (2003-12-17) | $1,138m | $378m | $742m | $94m | |
| The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey | 14 December 2012 (2012-12-14) | $1,017m | $303m | $714m | $200m | |
| The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug | 13 December 2013 (2013-12-13) | $959m | $258m | $702m | $225m | |
| The Hobbit: The Battle of the Five Armies | 17 December 2014 (2014-12-17) | $956m | $255m | $700m | $250m | |
| The Lord of the Rings: The War of the Rohirrim | 13 December 2024 (2024-12-13) | $20m | $9m | $11m | $30m | |
| Rounded totals | $5,932m | $1,883m | $4,003m | $962m | ||
· Reception › Critical and audience response
Rankin/Bass
Rankin/Bass
Director
Rankin/Bass
Film
The Hobbit (animated)
Rotten Tomatoes
71% (17 reviews)
Ralph Bakshi
Ralph Bakshi
Director
Ralph Bakshi
Film
The Lord of the Rings (animated)
Rotten Tomatoes
48% (46 reviews)
Rankin/Bass
Rankin/Bass
Director
Rankin/Bass
Film
The Return of the King (animated)
Rotten Tomatoes
67% (15 reviews)
Peter Jackson
Peter Jackson
Director
Peter Jackson
Film
The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring
Rotten Tomatoes
92% (236 reviews)
Metacritic
92 (34 reviews)
CinemaScore
A−
The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers
The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers
Director
The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers
Film
95% (258 reviews)
Rotten Tomatoes
87 (39 reviews)
Metacritic
A
The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King
The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King
Director
The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King
Film
94% (280 reviews)
Rotten Tomatoes
94 (41 reviews)
Metacritic
A+
The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey
The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey
Director
The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey
Film
64% (302 reviews)
Rotten Tomatoes
58 (40 reviews)
Metacritic
A
The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug
The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug
Director
The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug
Film
74% (251 reviews)
Rotten Tomatoes
66 (44 reviews)
Metacritic
A−
The Hobbit: The Battle of the Five Armies
The Hobbit: The Battle of the Five Armies
Director
The Hobbit: The Battle of the Five Armies
Film
59% (265 reviews)
Rotten Tomatoes
59 (46 reviews)
Metacritic
A−
Kenji Kamiyama
Kenji Kamiyama
Director
Kenji Kamiyama
Film
The Lord of the Rings: The War of the Rohirrim (animated)
Rotten Tomatoes
49% (149 reviews)
Metacritic
54 (32 reviews)
CinemaScore
B
| Director | Film | Rotten Tomatoes | Metacritic | CinemaScore |
| Rankin/Bass | The Hobbit (animated) | 71% (17 reviews) | ||
| Ralph Bakshi | The Lord of the Rings (animated) | 48% (46 reviews) | ||
| Rankin/Bass | The Return of the King (animated) | 67% (15 reviews) | ||
| Peter Jackson | The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring | 92% (236 reviews) | 92 (34 reviews) | A− |
| The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers | 95% (258 reviews) | 87 (39 reviews) | A | |
| The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King | 94% (280 reviews) | 94 (41 reviews) | A+ | |
| The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey | 64% (302 reviews) | 58 (40 reviews) | A | |
| The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug | 74% (251 reviews) | 66 (44 reviews) | A− | |
| The Hobbit: The Battle of the Five Armies | 59% (265 reviews) | 59 (46 reviews) | A− | |
| Kenji Kamiyama | The Lord of the Rings: The War of the Rohirrim (animated) | 49% (149 reviews) | 54 (32 reviews) | B |
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- NZ on Screenhttps://www.nzonscreen.com/profile/jabez-olsson
- Varietyhttps://variety.com/2021/film/news/lord-of-the-rings-anime-the-war-of-the-rohirrim-new-line-cinema-warner-bros-animation-1234993740/
- "Warner Bros. Pictures and New Line Cinema Are Set to Reunite with the Oscar Winning Lord of the Rings and The Hobbit Team Peter Jackson, Fran Walsh, and Philippa Boyens for Two New Feature Films from J. R. R. Tolkien's Middle Earth, Two-Decades After the Nearly $6 Billion Dollar Film Franchise Was First Introduced to Audiences"https://www.theonering.net/torwp/2024/05/09/117942-andy-serkis-to-make-hunt-for-gollum-movie/
- The Hollywood Reporterhttps://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/lord-of-the-rings-amazon-vs-warner-bros-1235337625/
- Empirehttps://www.empireonline.com/movies/news/lord-of-the-rings-hunt-for-gollum-wont-be-two-films-second-philippa-boyens-exclusive/
- Varietyhttps://variety.com/2024/film/news/box-office-kraven-the-hunter-opening-weekend-projection-1236243923/
- Deadline Hollywoodhttps://deadline.com/2023/02/lord-of-the-rings-the-hobbit-movies-new-line-warner-bros-1235268633/
- Varietyhttps://variety.com/2024/film/news/lord-of-the-rings-movie-2026-release-warner-bros-1235997102/
- Empirehttps://www.empireonline.com/movies/news/lord-of-the-rings-hunt-for-gollum-wont-be-two-films-second-philippa-boyens-exclusive/
- The Directhttps://thedirect.com/article/hunt-for-gollum-movie-lord-of-the-rings-release-official
- RNZhttps://web.archive.org/web/20240512085212/https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/national/516517/revealed-lord-of-the-rings-movies-production-hub-to-be-in-wellington
- 1Newshttps://www.1news.co.nz/2024/06/10/sir-ian-mckellen-open-to-playing-gandalf-again-if-hes-alive/
- The Lord of the Rings: The Hunt for Gollumhttps://ew.com/ian-mckellen-reveals-gandalf-frodo-return-in-new-lord-of-the-rings-the-hunt-for-gollum-film-11792483
- Varietyhttps://variety.com/2025/film/news/lord-of-the-rings-the-hunt-for-gollum-release-date-december-2027-1236390820/
- Vanity Fairhttps://web.archive.org/web/20220210153746/https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2022/02/amazon-the-rings-of-power-series-first-look
- Vanity Fairhttps://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2022/02/10-burning-questions-about-amazons-the-rings-of-power
- Deadlinehttps://deadline.com/2021/08/the-lord-of-the-rings-tv-series-amazon-premiere-date-first-photo-1234807566/
- The Hollywood Reporterhttps://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/rings-of-power-season-three-plans-season-two-premiere-1235979395/
- BBC Newshttp://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/8022623.stm
- www.bornofhope.comhttp://www.bornofhope.com/
- The Timeshttps://web.archive.org/web/20100214100626/http://uk.movies.yahoo.com/blog/article/12524/lord-of-the-rings-prequel-for-just-25000.html
- Dailymotion.comhttps://www.dailymotion.com/video/x1503vh
- Journal of Tolkien Researchhttps://scholar.valpo.edu/journaloftolkienresearch/vol3/iss3/2
- Middle-earth in motion pictures at Box Office Mojohttps://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=lordoftherings78.htm
- Middle-earth in motion pictures at Box Office Mojohttps://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=fellowshipofthering.htm
- The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers at Box Office Mojohttps://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=twotowers.htm
- The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King at Box Office Mojohttps://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=returnoftheking.htm
- The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey at Box Office Mojohttps://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=hobbit.htm
- The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug at Box Office Mojohttps://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=hobbit2.htm
- The Hobbit: The Battle of the Five Armies at Box Office Mojohttps://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=hobbit3.htm
- The Lord of the Rings: The War of the Rohirrimhttps://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt14824600/
- "Lord of the Rings Movies at the Box Office"https://www.boxofficemojo.com/franchises/chart/?id=lordoftherings.htm
- "The Hobbit (1978)"https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/hobbit
- "The Lord of the Rings (1978)"https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/lord_of_the_rings
- "The Return of the King (1980)"https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/1035462_return_of_the_king
- "The Fellowship of the Ring"https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/the_lord_of_the_rings_the_fellowship_of_the_ring/
- "The Fellowship of the Ring (2001): Reviews"https://www.metacritic.com/movie/the-lord-of-the-rings-the-fellowship-of-the-ring
- Cinemascore.comhttp://www.cinemascore.com/
- "The Two Towers"https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/the_lord_of_the_rings_the_two_towers/
- "The Two Towers (2002): Reviews"https://www.metacritic.com/movie/the-lord-of-the-rings-the-two-towers
- "The Return of the King"https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/the_lord_of_the_rings_the_return_of_the_king/
- "The Return of the King (2003): Reviews"https://www.metacritic.com/movie/the-lord-of-the-rings-the-return-of-the-king
- "An Unexpected Journey"https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/the_hobbit_an_unexpected_journey/
- "An Unexpected Journey: Reviews"https://www.metacritic.com/movie/the-hobbit-an-unexpected-journey
- The Hollywood Reporterhttps://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/box-office-report-peter-jacksons-403073
- "The Desolation of Smaug"https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/the_hobbit_the_desolation_of_smaug/
- "The Desolation of Smaug: Reviews"https://www.metacritic.com/movie/the-hobbit-the-desolation-of-smaug
- The Hollywood Reporterhttps://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/box-office-hobbit-desolation-smaug-665787
- "The Battle of the Five Armies reviews"https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/the_hobbit_there_and_back_again/
- "The Battle of the Five Armies reviews"https://www.metacritic.com/movie/the-hobbit-there-and-back-again
- The Hollywood Reporterhttps://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/box-office-hobbit-five-armies-757340
- Rotten Tomatoeshttps://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/the_lord_of_the_rings_the_war_of_the_rohirrim
- "The Lord of the Rings: The War of the Rohirrim reviews"https://www.metacritic.com/movie/the-lord-of-the-rings-the-war-of-the-rohirrim/
- The Hollywood Reporterhttps://collider.com/the-lord-of-the-rings-the-war-of-the-rohirrim-b-cinemascore/