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Microsoft Windows

Updated: 12/11/2025, 3:22:42 PM Wikipedia source

Microsoft Windows, commonly known as Windows, is a proprietary graphical operating system developed and marketed by Microsoft. It is grouped into families that cater to particular sectors of the computing industry – Windows for personal computers, Windows Server for servers, and Windows IoT for embedded systems. Windows itself is further grouped into editions that cater to different users – Home for home users, Professional for advanced users, Education for schools, and Enterprise for corporations. Windows is sold both as a consumer retail product and to computer manufacturers, who bundle and distribute it with their systems. The first version of Windows, Windows 1.0, was released on November 20, 1985 as a graphical operating system shell for MS-DOS in response to growing interest in graphical user interfaces (GUIs). The name Windows is a reference to the windowing system in GUIs. The 1990 release of Windows 3.0 catapulted its market success and led to the launch of various other product families, including the (now-defunct) Windows Mobile, Windows Phone, and Windows CE/Embedded Compact. Windows is the most popular desktop operating system in the world, with a 72% market share as of October 2025, and the second-most popular operating system overall, behind Android. As of August 2025, Windows 11 is the most used desktop version of Windows, with a market share of 53%.

Infobox

Developer
Microsoft
Source model
mw- Closed-sourceSource-available (through Shared Source Initiative)
Initial release
November 20, 1985; 40 years ago (1985-11-20)
Latest release
25H2 (10.0.26200.7462) (December 9, 2025; 2 days ago (2025-12-09)) [±]
Latest preview
Release Preview Channel: 25H2 (10.0.26200.7462) (December 9, 2025; 2 days ago (2025-12-09)) [±]Beta Channel: 25H2 (10.0.26220.7344) (December 5, 2025; 6 days ago (2025-12-05)) [±]Dev Channel: 25H2 (10.0.26220.7344) (December 5, 2025; 6 days ago (2025-12-05)) [±]Canary Channel: 10.0.28000.1340 (December 9, 2025; 2 days ago (2025-12-09)) [±]
Marketing target
Personal computing
Available in
110 languages
Update method
Windows UpdateMicrosoft StoreWindows Server Update Services (WSUS)
Package manager
Windows Installer (.msi, .msp), App Installer (.msix,. msixbundle), Microsoft Store (.appx, .appxbundle), Windows Package Manager
Supported platforms
IA-32, x86-64, ARM, ARM64 Previously: 16-bit x86, DEC Alpha, MIPS, PowerPC, Itanium
Kernel type
Windows NT family: Hybrid Windows Embedded Compact/Windows CE: Hybrid or Monolithic Windows 9x and earlier: Monolithic (MS-DOS and VMM32)
Defaultuser interface
Windows shell
License
Proprietary commercial software
Official website
windows.com

Tables

Table of Windows versions · Timeline of releases
Mainstream
Mainstream
Product name
Mainstream
Latest version
Extended
Release date
IE
Codename
DirectX
Support until
Edge
Unsupported: Windows 1 .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- } }
Unsupported: Windows 1 .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- } }
Product name
Unsupported: Windows 1 .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- } }
Latest version
1.04
Release date
November 20, 1985
Codename
Interface Manager
Support until
December 31, 2001
Support until
Latest version of
Latest version of
Unsupported: Windows 2.0
Unsupported: Windows 2.0
Product name
Unsupported: Windows 2.0
Latest version
2.03
Release date
December 9, 1987
Codename
Unsupported: Windows 2.1
Unsupported: Windows 2.1
Product name
Unsupported: Windows 2.1
Latest version
2.11
Release date
May 27, 1988
Codename
Unsupported: Windows 3.0
Unsupported: Windows 3.0
Product name
Unsupported: Windows 3.0
Latest version
3.0
Release date
May 22, 1990
Codename
Unsupported: Windows 3.1
Unsupported: Windows 3.1
Product name
Unsupported: Windows 3.1
Latest version
3.1
Release date
April 6, 1992
Codename
Support until
5
Unsupported: Windows For Workgroups 3.1
Unsupported: Windows For Workgroups 3.1
Product name
Unsupported: Windows For Workgroups 3.1
Latest version
3.1
Release date
October 27, 1992
Codename
Sparta, Winball
Unsupported: Windows NT 3.1
Unsupported: Windows NT 3.1
Product name
Unsupported: Windows NT 3.1
Latest version
NT 3.1.528
Release date
July 27, 1993
Codename
Support until
December 31, 2000
Support until
2
Unsupported: Windows For Workgroups 3.11
Unsupported: Windows For Workgroups 3.11
Product name
Unsupported: Windows For Workgroups 3.11
Latest version
3.11
Release date
August 11, 1993
Codename
Snowball
Support until
December 31, 2001
Support until
5
Unsupported: Windows 3.2
Unsupported: Windows 3.2
Product name
Unsupported: Windows 3.2
Latest version
3.2
Release date
November 22, 1993
Codename
Unsupported: Windows NT 3.5
Unsupported: Windows NT 3.5
Product name
Unsupported: Windows NT 3.5
Latest version
NT 3.5.807
Release date
September 21, 1994
Codename
Daytona
Support until
3
Unsupported: Windows NT 3.51
Unsupported: Windows NT 3.51
Product name
Unsupported: Windows NT 3.51
Latest version
NT 3.51.1057
Release date
May 30, 1995
Codename
Support until
5
Unsupported: Windows 95
Unsupported: Windows 95
Product name
Unsupported: Windows 95
Latest version
4.0.950
Release date
August 24, 1995
Codename
Chicago, 4.0
Support until
December 31, 2000
Support until
December 31, 2001
Latest version of
5.5
Latest version of
8.0a
Unsupported: Windows NT 4.0
Unsupported: Windows NT 4.0
Product name
Unsupported: Windows NT 4.0
Latest version
NT 4.0.1381
Release date
July 31, 1996
Codename
Cairo
Support until
June 30, 2002
Support until
June 30, 2004
Latest version of
6
Latest version of
3.0a
Unsupported: Windows 98
Unsupported: Windows 98
Product name
Unsupported: Windows 98
Latest version
4.10.1998
Release date
June 25, 1998
Codename
Memphis, 97, 4.1
Support until
July 11, 2006
Support until
9.0c
Unsupported: Windows 98 SE
Unsupported: Windows 98 SE
Product name
Unsupported: Windows 98 SE
Latest version
4.10.2222
Release date
June 10, 1999
Codename
Unsupported: Windows 2000
Unsupported: Windows 2000
Product name
Unsupported: Windows 2000
Latest version
NT 5.0.2195
Release date
February 17, 2000
Codename
Support until
June 30, 2005
Support until
July 13, 2010
Unsupported: Windows Me
Unsupported: Windows Me
Product name
Unsupported: Windows Me
Latest version
4.90.3000
Release date
September 14, 2000
Codename
Millennium, 4.9
Support until
December 31, 2003
Support until
July 11, 2006
Unsupported: Windows XP
Unsupported: Windows XP
Product name
Unsupported: Windows XP
Latest version
NT 5.1.2600
Release date
October 25, 2001
Codename
Whistler
Support until
April 14, 2009
Support until
April 8, 2014
Latest version of
8
Unsupported: Windows XP 64-bit Edition
Unsupported: Windows XP 64-bit Edition
Product name
Unsupported: Windows XP 64-bit Edition
Latest version
NT 5.2.3790
Release date
March 28, 2003
Codename
Unsupported: Windows Server 2003
Unsupported: Windows Server 2003
Product name
Unsupported: Windows Server 2003
Latest version
April 24, 2003
Release date
Whistler Server
Codename
July 13, 2010
Support until
July 14, 2015
Unsupported: Windows XP Professional x64 Edition
Unsupported: Windows XP Professional x64 Edition
Product name
Unsupported: Windows XP Professional x64 Edition
Latest version
April 25, 2005
Release date
Codename
April 14, 2009
Support until
April 8, 2014
Unsupported: Windows Fundamentals for Legacy PCs
Unsupported: Windows Fundamentals for Legacy PCs
Product name
Unsupported: Windows Fundamentals for Legacy PCs
Latest version
NT 5.1.2600
Release date
July 8, 2006
Codename
Eiger, Mönch
Unsupported: Windows Vista
Unsupported: Windows Vista
Product name
Unsupported: Windows Vista
Latest version
NT 6.0.6003
Release date
January 30, 2007
Codename
Longhorn
Support until
April 10, 2012
Support until
April 11, 2017
Latest version of
9
Latest version of
11
Unsupported: Windows Home Server
Unsupported: Windows Home Server
Product name
Unsupported: Windows Home Server
Latest version
NT 5.2.4500
Release date
November 4, 2007
Codename
Quattro
Support until
January 8, 2013
Support until
8
Latest version of
9.0c
Unsupported: Windows Server 2008
Unsupported: Windows Server 2008
Product name
Unsupported: Windows Server 2008
Latest version
NT 6.0.6003
Release date
February 27, 2008
Codename
Longhorn Server
Support until
January 13, 2015
Support until
January 14, 2020
Latest version of
9
Latest version of
11
Unsupported: Windows 7
Unsupported: Windows 7
Product name
Unsupported: Windows 7
Latest version
NT 6.1.7601
Release date
October 22, 2009
Codename
Windows 7
Support until
11
Support until
109
Unsupported: Windows Server 2008 R2
Unsupported: Windows Server 2008 R2
Product name
Unsupported: Windows Server 2008 R2
Latest version
Windows Server 7
Unsupported: Windows Home Server 2011
Unsupported: Windows Home Server 2011
Product name
Unsupported: Windows Home Server 2011
Latest version
NT 6.1.8400
Release date
April 6, 2011
Codename
Vail
Support until
April 12, 2016
Unsupported: Windows Server 2012
Unsupported: Windows Server 2012
Product name
Unsupported: Windows Server 2012
Latest version
NT 6.2.9200
Release date
September 4, 2012
Codename
Server 8
Support until
October 9, 2018
Support until
October 10, 2023
Latest version of
11.1
Unsupported: Windows 8
Unsupported: Windows 8
Product name
Unsupported: Windows 8
Latest version
October 26, 2012
Release date
Codename
January 12, 2016
Support until
10
Unsupported: Windows 8.1
Unsupported: Windows 8.1
Product name
Unsupported: Windows 8.1
Latest version
NT 6.3.9600
Release date
October 17, 2013
Codename
Blue
Support until
January 9, 2018
Support until
January 10, 2023
Latest version of
11
Latest version of
11.2
Unsupported: Windows Server 2012 R2
Unsupported: Windows Server 2012 R2
Product name
Unsupported: Windows Server 2012 R2
Latest version
October 18, 2013
Release date
Server Blue
Codename
October 9, 2018
Support until
October 10, 2023
Unsupported: Windows 10
Unsupported: Windows 10
Product name
Unsupported: Windows 10
Latest version
NT 10.0.19045
Release date
July 29, 2015
Codename
Various
Support until
October 14, 2025
Support until
12
Latest version of
143
Supported: Windows Server 2016
Supported: Windows Server 2016
Product name
Supported: Windows Server 2016
Latest version
NT 10.0.14393
Release date
October 12, 2016
Codename
Support until
January 11, 2022
Support until
January 12, 2027
Supported: Windows Server 2019
Supported: Windows Server 2019
Product name
Supported: Windows Server 2019
Latest version
NT 10.0.17763
Release date
October 2, 2018
Codename
Support until
January 9, 2024
Support until
January 9, 2029
Supported: Windows Server 2022
Supported: Windows Server 2022
Product name
Supported: Windows Server 2022
Latest version
NT 10.0.20348
Release date
August 18, 2021
Codename
Support until
October 13, 2026
Support until
October 14, 2031
Latest version: Windows 11
Latest version: Windows 11
Product name
Latest version: Windows 11
Latest version
NT 10.0.26200
Release date
October 5, 2021
Codename
Various
Support until
October 10, 2028
Support until
Latest version: Windows Server 2025
Latest version: Windows Server 2025
Product name
Latest version: Windows Server 2025
Latest version
NT 10.0.26100
Release date
November 1, 2024
Codename
Support until
November 13, 2029
Support until
November 14, 2034
Legend:UnsupportedSupportedLatest versionPreview versionFuture version
Legend:UnsupportedSupportedLatest versionPreview versionFuture version
Product name
Legend:UnsupportedSupportedLatest versionPreview versionFuture version
Product name
Latest version
Release date
Codename
Support until
Latest version of
Mainstream
Extended
IE
DirectX
Edge
Unsupported: Windows 1 .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- } }
1.04
November 20, 1985
Interface Manager
December 31, 2001
Unsupported: Windows 2.0
2.03
December 9, 1987
Unsupported: Windows 2.1
2.11
May 27, 1988
Unsupported: Windows 3.0
3.0
May 22, 1990
Unsupported: Windows 3.1
3.1
April 6, 1992
5
Unsupported: Windows For Workgroups 3.1
3.1
October 27, 1992
Sparta, Winball
Unsupported: Windows NT 3.1
NT 3.1.528
July 27, 1993
December 31, 2000
2
Unsupported: Windows For Workgroups 3.11
3.11
August 11, 1993
Snowball
December 31, 2001
5
Unsupported: Windows 3.2
3.2
November 22, 1993
Unsupported: Windows NT 3.5
NT 3.5.807
September 21, 1994
Daytona
3
Unsupported: Windows NT 3.51
NT 3.51.1057
May 30, 1995
5
Unsupported: Windows 95
4.0.950
August 24, 1995
Chicago, 4.0
December 31, 2000
December 31, 2001
5.5
8.0a
Unsupported: Windows NT 4.0
NT 4.0.1381
July 31, 1996
Cairo
June 30, 2002
June 30, 2004
6
3.0a
Unsupported: Windows 98
4.10.1998
June 25, 1998
Memphis, 97, 4.1
July 11, 2006
9.0c
Unsupported: Windows 98 SE
4.10.2222
June 10, 1999
Unsupported: Windows 2000
NT 5.0.2195
February 17, 2000
June 30, 2005
July 13, 2010
Unsupported: Windows Me
4.90.3000
September 14, 2000
Millennium, 4.9
December 31, 2003
July 11, 2006
Unsupported: Windows XP
NT 5.1.2600
October 25, 2001
Whistler
April 14, 2009
April 8, 2014
8
Unsupported: Windows XP 64-bit Edition
NT 5.2.3790
March 28, 2003
Unsupported: Windows Server 2003
April 24, 2003
Whistler Server
July 13, 2010
July 14, 2015
Unsupported: Windows XP Professional x64 Edition
April 25, 2005
April 14, 2009
April 8, 2014
Unsupported: Windows Fundamentals for Legacy PCs
NT 5.1.2600
July 8, 2006
Eiger, Mönch
Unsupported: Windows Vista
NT 6.0.6003
January 30, 2007
Longhorn
April 10, 2012
April 11, 2017
9
11
Unsupported: Windows Home Server
NT 5.2.4500
November 4, 2007
Quattro
January 8, 2013
8
9.0c
Unsupported: Windows Server 2008
NT 6.0.6003
February 27, 2008
Longhorn Server
January 13, 2015
January 14, 2020
9
11
Unsupported: Windows 7
NT 6.1.7601
October 22, 2009
Windows 7
11
109
Unsupported: Windows Server 2008 R2
Windows Server 7
Unsupported: Windows Home Server 2011
NT 6.1.8400
April 6, 2011
Vail
April 12, 2016
Unsupported: Windows Server 2012
NT 6.2.9200
September 4, 2012
Server 8
October 9, 2018
October 10, 2023
11.1
Unsupported: Windows 8
October 26, 2012
January 12, 2016
10
Unsupported: Windows 8.1
NT 6.3.9600
October 17, 2013
Blue
January 9, 2018
January 10, 2023
11
11.2
Unsupported: Windows Server 2012 R2
October 18, 2013
Server Blue
October 9, 2018
October 10, 2023
Unsupported: Windows 10
NT 10.0.19045
July 29, 2015
Various
October 14, 2025
12
143
Supported: Windows Server 2016
NT 10.0.14393
October 12, 2016
January 11, 2022
January 12, 2027
Supported: Windows Server 2019
NT 10.0.17763
October 2, 2018
January 9, 2024
January 9, 2029
Supported: Windows Server 2022
NT 10.0.20348
August 18, 2021
October 13, 2026
October 14, 2031
Latest version: Windows 11
NT 10.0.26200
October 5, 2021
Various
October 10, 2028
Latest version: Windows Server 2025
NT 10.0.26100
November 1, 2024
November 13, 2029
November 14, 2034
Legend:UnsupportedSupportedLatest versionPreview versionFuture version
Timeline of Windows versions .mw- hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output inline dl,.mw-parser-output inline ol,.mw-parser-output inline ul,.mw-parser-output dl dl,.mw-parser-output dl ol,.mw-parser-output dl ul,.mw-parser-output ol dl,.mw-parser-output ol ol,.mw- .mw- hlist dd:last-child ,.mw- hlist dd dd:first-child ,.mw-parser-output dd dt:first-child ,.mw-parser-output dd li:first-child ,.mw-parser-output dt dd:first-child ,.mw-parser-output dt dt:first-child ,.mw-parser-output dt li:first-child ,.mw-parser-output li dd:first-child ,.mw- hlist dd dd:last-child ,.mw-parser-output dd dt:last-child ,.mw-parser-output dd li:last-child ,.mw-parser-output dt dd:last-child ,.mw-parser-output dt dt:last-child ,.mw-parser-output dt li:last-child ,.mw-parser-output li dd:last-child ,.mw- .mw- hlist dd ol>li:first-child ,.mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- } }vte
Other versions
Other versions
Desktop OS
Other versions
StatCounter
0.02%
Windows XP
Windows XP
Desktop OS
Windows XP
StatCounter
0.38%
Windows 7
Windows 7
Desktop OS
Windows 7
StatCounter
2.73%
Windows 8
Windows 8
Desktop OS
Windows 8
StatCounter
0.16%
Windows 8.1
Windows 8.1
Desktop OS
Windows 8.1
StatCounter
0.16%
Windows 10
Windows 10
Desktop OS
Windows 10
StatCounter
44.78%
Windows 11
Windows 11
Desktop OS
Windows 11
StatCounter
51.76%
Desktop OS
StatCounter
Other versions
0.02%
Windows XP
0.38%
Windows 7
2.73%
Windows 8
0.16%
Windows 8.1
0.16%
Windows 10
44.78%
Windows 11
51.76%

References

  1. Microsoft Support
    https://support.microsoft.com/help/5072033
  2. Windows Insider Blog
    https://blogs.windows.com/windows-insider/2025/11/17/releasing-windows-11-builds-26100-7296-and-26200-7296-to-the-release-preview-channel
  3. Microsoft Support
    https://support.microsoft.com/help/5072033
  4. Windows Insider Blog
    https://blogs.windows.com/windows-insider/2025/12/05/announcing-windows-11-insider-preview-build-26220-7344-dev-beta-channels
  5. Windows Insider Blog
    https://blogs.windows.com/windows-insider/2025/12/09/announcing-windows-11-insider-preview-build-28000-1340-canary-channel
  6. Microsoft Learn
    https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/troubleshoot/dynamics/gp/faq-the-windows-installer-dot-msp-files
  7. Microsoft Learn
    https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/msix/overview
  8. Microsoft Learn
    https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/msix/packaging-tool/bundle-msix-packages
  9. MiniTool
    https://www.minitool.com/news/install-msixbundle-windows.html
  10. Microsoft Learn
    https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/windows/apps/hh464929(v=win.10)?redirectedfrom=MSDN
  11. "The Unusual History of Microsoft Windows"
    https://www.thoughtco.com/unusual-history-of-microsoft-windows-1992140
  12. How-To Geek
    https://www.howtogeek.com/781573/why-is-windows-called-windows/
  13. StatCounter Global Stats
    https://gs.statcounter.com/os-market-share/desktop/worldwide/#monthly-202208-202306
  14. Computerworld
    https://www.computerworld.com/article/2490008/microsoft-gets-real--admits-its-device-share-is-just-14-.html
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  16. microsoft.com
    https://web.archive.org/web/20141215074031/http://www.microsoft.com/windowsembedded/en-us/products-solutions-overview.aspx
  17. Microsoft Windows
    https://web.archive.org/web/20160611182917/http://windows.microsoft.com/en-in/windows/history#T1=era0
  18. Microsoft C 5.0: C Language Reference Guide
  19. TechRepublic
    https://www.techrepublic.com/article/a-legacy-of-windows-part-1-windows-1-2-3/
  20. "The Apple vs. Microsoft GUI Lawsuit"
    http://lowendmac.com/orchard/06/apple-vs-microsoft.html
  21. "Apple Computer, Inc. v. MicroSoft Corp., 35 F.3d 1435 (9th Cir. 1994)"
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  22. InfoWorld
    https://books.google.com/books?id=4z4EAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA1
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  24. "Chronology of Personal Computer Software"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20120211132458/http://www.islandnet.com/~kpolsson/compsoft/soft1991.htm
  25. "Microsoft Company"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20080514211138/http://www.thocp.net/companies/microsoft/microsoft_company.htm
  26. "Windows 3.1 Standard Edition Support Lifecycle"
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  27. Microsoft Support
    https://web.archive.org/web/20061108051648/http://support.microsoft.com/kb/129451
  28. "Microsoft Windows Simplified Chinese 3.2 Upgrade Is Available"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20110524050602/http://support.microsoft.com/default.aspx?scid=kb;en-us;129451
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  35. PC World
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  40. ZDNet
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  42. Paul Thurrott's SuperSite for Windows
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  43. "Windows XP Professional Lifecycle Support"
    http://support.microsoft.com/lifecycle/?p1=3223
  44. Microsoft Learn
    https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/lifecycle/products/windows-server-2003-r2
  45. Windows Experience Blog
    https://blogs.windows.com/windowsexperience/2008/10/28/windows-7-unveiled-today-at-pdc-2008/
  46. docs.microsoft.com
    https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/archive/msdn-magazine/2009/brownfield/windows-7-taskbar-apis
  47. Windows Experience Blog
    https://blogs.windows.com/windowsexperience/2008/10/28/how-libraries-homegroup-work-together-in-windows-7/
  48. "New Windows 8 hardware specs hint at 7-inch tablets and a Microsoft Reader"
    https://www.zdnet.com/article/new-windows-8-hardware-specs-hint-at-7-inch-tablets-and-a-microsoft-reader/
  49. "How to Take Screenshots in Windows 10, 8, and 7"
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