Topzle Topzle

Message in a bottle

Updated: Wikipedia source

Message in a bottle

A message in a bottle (MIB), message bottle, or bottled message is a form of communication in which a message is sealed in a container (typically a bottle) and released into a conveyance medium (typically a body of water). Messages in bottles have been used to send distress messages; in crowdsourced scientific studies of ocean currents; as memorial tributes; to send deceased loved ones' ashes on a final journey; to convey expedition reports; and to carry letters or reports from those believing themselves to be doomed. Invitations to prospective pen pals and letters to actual or imagined love interests have also been sent as messages in bottles. The lore surrounding messages in bottles has often been of a romantic or poetic nature. Use of the term "message in a bottle" has expanded to include metaphorical uses or uses beyond its traditional meaning as bottled messages released into oceans. The term has been applied to plaques on craft launched into outer space, interstellar radio messages, stationary time capsules, balloon mail, and containers storing medical information for use by emergency medical personnel. With a growing awareness that bottles constitute waste that can harm the environment and marine life, environmentalists tend to favor biodegradable drift cards and wooden blocks.

Tables

(Still-living individuals are not identified by name unless they are independently notable.)
Pierre-Jacques Féret
Pierre-Jacques Féret
Sender
Pierre-Jacques Féret
Date released
1825-01
Place released
Cité de Limes [fr] near Dieppe s
Date found
2024-09
Place found
Cité de Limes [fr] near Dieppe
Duration (years)
199
Chunosuke Matsuyama, seaman
Chunosuke Matsuyama, seaman
Sender
Chunosuke Matsuyama, seaman
Date released
1784
Place released
Island in Pacific
Date found
1935
Place found
Hiraturemura, Japan
Duration (years)
151
James Ritchie and John Grieve
James Ritchie and John Grieve
Sender
James Ritchie and John Grieve
Date released
1887-10-06
Place released
Edinburgh, Scotland s
Date found
2022-11-13
Place found
Under floorboards of house
Duration (years)
135
Lighthouse engineers
Lighthouse engineers
Sender
Lighthouse engineers
Date released
1892-09-04
Place released
Rhins of Galloway (lighthouse) s
Date found
2024-11
Place found
Corsewall Lighthouse
Duration (years)
132
German sailing barque Paula
German sailing barque Paula
Sender
German sailing barque Paula
Date released
1886-06-12
Place released
Indian Ocean, 950 km off Western Australia
Date found
2018-01
Place found
Near Wedge Island, Western Australia
Duration (years)
131.6
Theatre builders
Theatre builders
Sender
Theatre builders
Date released
1906-10
Place released
King's Theatre, Edinburgh, Scotland s
Date found
2024-12-06
Place found
Behind decorative crown
Duration (years)
118
Bricklayers Wm Hanley, James Lennon
Bricklayers Wm Hanley, James Lennon
Sender
Bricklayers Wm Hanley, James Lennon
Date released
1907-07-03
Place released
Montclair State University, N.J.s
Date found
2019
Place found
Wall in College Hall
Duration (years)
112
Pte Malcolm Neville and William Harley, Australian soldiers
Pte Malcolm Neville and William Harley, Australian soldiers
Sender
Pte Malcolm Neville and William Harley, Australian soldiers
Date released
1916-08-15
Place released
Great Australian Bight
Date found
2025-10
Place found
Wharton Beach, Western Australia
Duration (years)
109
George Parker Bidder, Marine Biological Association of the U.K.
George Parker Bidder, Marine Biological Association of the U.K.
Sender
George Parker Bidder, Marine Biological Association of the U.K.
Date released
1906-11-30
Place released
North Sea
Date found
2015-04-17
Place found
Amrum, Germany
Duration (years)
108
Karl Weyprecht, co-leader, Austro-Hungarian North Pole expedition
Karl Weyprecht, co-leader, Austro-Hungarian North Pole expedition
Sender
Karl Weyprecht, co-leader, Austro-Hungarian North Pole expedition
Date released
1874
Place released
Lamont, Franz Josef Land, Russia s
Date found
1978-08
Place found
Lamont, Franz Josef Land, Russia
Duration (years)
104
School administrators
School administrators
Sender
School administrators
Date released
1920-09-30
Place released
School cornerstone s
Date found
2024-04
Place found
Owatonna High School, Minnesota, U.S.
Duration (years)
103.5
Richard Platz
Richard Platz
Sender
Richard Platz
Date released
1913-05-17
Place released
Baltic Sea
Date found
2014-03
Place found
Baltic Sea near Kiel
Duration (years)
101
Glasgow School of Navigation
Glasgow School of Navigation
Sender
Glasgow School of Navigation
Date released
1914-06-10
Place released
Near Scotland
Date found
2012-04
Place found
East of Shetland
Duration (years)
98
Selina Pramstaller, Tillie Esper
Selina Pramstaller, Tillie Esper
Sender
Selina Pramstaller, Tillie Esper
Date released
1915
Place released
Harsens Island, Michigan, U.S.
Date found
2012
Place found
Harsens Island, Michigan, U.S.
Duration (years)
96
George Morrow
George Morrow
Sender
George Morrow
Date released
1926-11
Place released
Cheboygan, MI, U.S. (presumed)
Date found
2021-06
Place found
Cheboygan River
Duration (years)
94.6
Marine Laboratory, Aberdeen
Marine Laboratory, Aberdeen
Sender
Marine Laboratory, Aberdeen
Date released
1914-04-25
Place released
Near Scotland
Date found
2006-12-10
Place found
Near Shetland
Duration (years)
92
Erich Sanitter, Waldenburg
Erich Sanitter, Waldenburg
Sender
Erich Sanitter, Waldenburg
Date released
1929-07-08
Place released
Bay of Danzig
Date found
2019-10
Place found
Vistula Lagoon
Duration (years)
90
Willi Brandt, roofer, age 18
Willi Brandt, roofer, age 18
Sender
Willi Brandt, roofer, age 18
Date released
1930-03-26
Place released
Goslar, Germany s
Date found
2018
Place found
Goslar Cathedral roof
Duration (years)
88
Carl Ott (business owner)
Carl Ott (business owner)
Sender
Carl Ott (business owner)
Date released
1930-05-20
Place released
Indianapolis, Indiana, U.S. s
Date found
2017-02
Place found
Construction site
Duration (years)
86
Thomas Hughes, WWI soldier
Thomas Hughes, WWI soldier
Sender
Thomas Hughes, WWI soldier
Date released
1914-09-09
Place released
English Channel
Date found
1999-03
Place found
Essex, River Thames
Duration (years)
84
Dachau prisoner Franciszek Kempa
Dachau prisoner Franciszek Kempa
Sender
Dachau prisoner Franciszek Kempa
Date released
1941
Place released
Inside violin s
Date found
2025 (before 28 April)
Place found
Art dealer in Hungary
Duration (years)
83
"Flying Squad" joinery team
"Flying Squad" joinery team
Sender
"Flying Squad" joinery team
Date released
1934-07-16
Place released
Viewforth, Edinburgh s
Date found
2016-11
Place found
Wall of building
Duration (years)
82
John Stapleton Jr. age 14
John Stapleton Jr. age 14
Sender
John Stapleton Jr. age 14
Date released
1938-09-05
Place released
Jersey, Channel Islands (deduced)
Date found
2020-02-18
Place found
Jersey, Channel Islands
Duration (years)
81.4
Navy of Czarist Russia
Navy of Czarist Russia
Sender
Navy of Czarist Russia
Date released
1913-07
Place released
Sea of Okhotsk, Russia
Date found
1995
Place found
Near Cordova, Alaska
Duration (years)
81
(undetermined)
(undetermined)
Sender
(undetermined)
Date released
1935
Place released
Southampton Guildhall, U.K. s
Date found
2016
Place found
Southampton Guildhall, U.K.
Duration (years)
81
"Jim" (military man)
"Jim" (military man)
Sender
"Jim" (military man)
Date released
1945-03-04
Place released
Virginia Beach, Virginia, Va, US
Date found
2024-08-07
Place found
Odessa, Florida, US
Duration (years)
79
Herbert E. Hillbrick
Herbert E. Hillbrick
Sender
Herbert E. Hillbrick
Date released
1936
Place released
P&O cruise ship
Date found
2012
Place found
Ninety Mile Beach, NZ
Duration (years)
76
Victor Elliott, age 13
Victor Elliott, age 13
Sender
Victor Elliott, age 13
Date released
1944-04-25
Place released
Ralston, Oklahoma
Date found
2017-11-11
Place found
Fort Smith, Arkansas
Duration (years)
73
Lt. Col. Eugene J. McNamara
Lt. Col. Eugene J. McNamara
Sender
Lt. Col. Eugene J. McNamara
Date released
1948
Place released
Grand Hotel, Yokohama s
Date found
2016
Place found
New Grand Hotel
Duration (years)
68
Auschwitz prisoners, age 18–20
Auschwitz prisoners, age 18–20
Sender
Auschwitz prisoners, age 18–20
Date released
1944-09-09
Place released
Near Auschwitz camp s
Date found
2009-04
Place found
Wall of bomb shelter
Duration (years)
64
WHOI
WHOI
Sender
WHOI
Date released
1956-04-26
Place released
South of Nova Scotia
Date found
2014-01-20
Place found
Sable Island
Duration (years)
57
U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries
U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries
Sender
U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries
Date released
1962-05
Place released
Gulf of Mexico
Date found
2019-01
Place found
Padre Is. Nat. Seashore, Texas
Duration (years)
56.5
NOAA's NEFSC
NOAA's NEFSC
Sender
NOAA's NEFSC
Date released
1959-09-19
Place released
Atlantic, off Massachusetts
Date found
2013-12-22
Place found
Martha's Vineyard, Mass.
Duration (years)
54
Paul Walker, geologist
Paul Walker, geologist
Sender
Paul Walker, geologist
Date released
1959-07-10
Place released
Ward Hunt Island, N. Canada s
Date found
2013
Place found
Ward Hunt Island, N. Canada
Duration (years)
54
German Antarctic Expedition
German Antarctic Expedition
Sender
German Antarctic Expedition
Date released
1903
Place released
Btw. Kerguelen Is., Tasmania
Date found
1955
Place found
New Zealand
Duration (years)
52
Paul Tsiatsios, motel owner
Paul Tsiatsios, motel owner
Sender
Paul Tsiatsios, motel owner
Date released
1960+
Place released
New Hampshire, U.S.
Date found
2011
Place found
Turks and Caicos
Duration (years)
51
Soviet fishing vessel Sulak
Soviet fishing vessel Sulak
Sender
Soviet fishing vessel Sulak
Date released
1969-06-20
Place released
Pacific Ocean
Date found
2019-08-05
Place found
Shishmaref, Alaska
Duration (years)
50
13-year-old ship passenger
13-year-old ship passenger
Sender
13-year-old ship passenger
Date released
1969-11-17
Place released
100 mi. E. of Fremantle, W. Aus.
Date found
2019-07
Place found
Eyre Peninsula, S. Aus.
Duration (years)
49
Construction workers
Construction workers
Sender
Construction workers
Date released
1967-05-19
Place released
Toowoomba, QLD, Australia s
Date found
2016-09-08
Place found
Embedded in concrete
Duration (years)
49
NOAA Fisheries
NOAA Fisheries
Sender
NOAA Fisheries
Date released
1966
Place released
Bristol Bay, Alaska, U.S.
Date found
2013
Place found
Cold Bay, Alaska, U.S.
Duration (years)
47
High school science class
High school science class
Sender
High school science class
Date released
1972-12-01
Place released
Fire Island, N.Y., U.S.
Date found
2019-08
Place found
Brookhaven, L.I., N.Y., U.S.
Duration (years)
46.7
"Donkeyman" James Robertson
"Donkeyman" James Robertson
Sender
"Donkeyman" James Robertson
Date released
1970-09-16
Place released
North Sea (assumed)
Date found
2017-01
Place found
Norderney, Germany
Duration (years)
46.2
Girl, age 6
Girl, age 6
Sender
Girl, age 6
Date released
1971-09-06
Place released
Indian River Bay, Delaware, U.S.
Date found
2016-04-22
Place found
Del. Seashore State Park
Duration (years)
44
Boy, age 14
Boy, age 14
Sender
Boy, age 14
Date released
1971-01-15
Place released
Cove Bay, Aberdeen, U.K.
Date found
2015
Place found
Rattray Head, Aberdeenshire
Duration (years)
44
Girl, age 11
Girl, age 11
Sender
Girl, age 11
Date released
1974-08-29
Place released
Old Mission Peninsula, Michigan
Date found
2015
Place found
Old Mission Peninsula, Michigan
Duration (years)
41
Two junior high school girls
Two junior high school girls
Sender
Two junior high school girls
Date released
1975
Place released
Washington state, U.S.
Date found
2015-04-04
Place found
Gulf of Alaska, U.S.
Duration (years)
40
Print shop worker, age 31
Print shop worker, age 31
Sender
Print shop worker, age 31
Date released
1983
Place released
Omaha, Nebraska
Date found
2020-03
Place found
Rock Port, Missouri
Duration (years)
37
High School Nat. Sci. Club
High School Nat. Sci. Club
Sender
High School Nat. Sci. Club
Date released
1984-07
Place released
Chōshi, Japan
Date found
2021
Place found
Hawaiian Paradise Park
Duration (years)
37
Boy, age 16
Boy, age 16
Sender
Boy, age 16
Date released
1980-05-13
Place released
Albany, W. Australia
Date found
2016-06
Place found
Eucla, W. Australia
Duration (years)
36
Vacationer
Vacationer
Sender
Vacationer
Date released
1981-06-10
Place released
Fernandina Beach, Florida
Date found
2017-06-17
Place found
Little St. Simons Island, Georgia
Duration (years)
36
Scottish schoolgirl, age 12
Scottish schoolgirl, age 12
Sender
Scottish schoolgirl, age 12
Date released
1994
Place released
Portknockie, Moray, Scotland
Date found
2025
Place found
Lisshelløya island, Vega, Norway
Duration (years)
31
School; Forfar, Scotland
School; Forfar, Scotland
Sender
School; Forfar, Scotland
Date released
1987 (est)
Place released
North Sea
Date found
2017-09-29
Place found
Key Largo, Fla. U.S.
Duration (years)
30
Girl, age 8
Girl, age 8
Sender
Girl, age 8
Date released
1988-09-26
Place released
Edisto Beach, South Carolina
Date found
2017-10
Place found
Sapelo Island, Georgia
Duration (years)
29
Boy, age 12
Boy, age 12
Sender
Boy, age 12
Date released
1989-07
Place released
Detroit River
Date found
2017-07-12
Place found
Amherstburg, Ontario
Duration (years)
28
"Jonathon"
"Jonathon"
Sender
"Jonathon"
Date released
1985
Place released
Nova Scotia (purported)
Date found
2013-04-17
Place found
Croatia
Duration (years)
28
Father, daughter, age 4
Father, daughter, age 4
Sender
Father, daughter, age 4
Date released
1992
Place released
Near Baie Fine, Ontario
Date found
2020-03
Place found
Hiawatha Isl(near Manitoulin Isl, Ont)
Duration (years)
28
Jack Oppy, Australian soldier
Jack Oppy, Australian soldier
Sender
Jack Oppy, Australian soldier
Date released
1916-04-17
Place released
Between Encounter Bay & Kangaroo Island, S. Australia
Date found
1943-01-07
Place found
Woolnorth, NW Tasmania
Duration (years)
26.7
Manitoba, Canada resident
Manitoba, Canada resident
Sender
Manitoba, Canada resident
Date released
1985
Place released
Lake Winnipeg
Date found
2011
Place found
Near Libau, Manitoba
Duration (years)
26
Fifth grade class
Fifth grade class
Sender
Fifth grade class
Date released
1993-05
Place released
Delaware River (Kansas)
Date found
2019
Place found
Chester, Illinois
Duration (years)
25
Ryan Mead, age 12
Ryan Mead, age 12
Sender
Ryan Mead, age 12
Date released
1994-08-01
Place released
Near Greymouth, New Zealand
Date found
2019
Place found
Mouth of Taramakau River, NZ
Duration (years)
25
Sender
Date released
Place released
Date found
Place found
Duration (years)
Ref.
Pierre-Jacques Féret
1825-01
Cité de Limes [fr] near Dieppe s
2024-09
Cité de Limes [fr] near Dieppe
199
Chunosuke Matsuyama, seaman
1784
Island in Pacific
1935
Hiraturemura, Japan
151
James Ritchie and John Grieve
1887-10-06
Edinburgh, Scotland s
2022-11-13
Under floorboards of house
135
Lighthouse engineers
1892-09-04
Rhins of Galloway (lighthouse) s
2024-11
Corsewall Lighthouse
132
German sailing barque Paula
1886-06-12
Indian Ocean, 950 km off Western Australia
2018-01
Near Wedge Island, Western Australia
131.6
Theatre builders
1906-10
King's Theatre, Edinburgh, Scotland s
2024-12-06
Behind decorative crown
118
Bricklayers Wm Hanley, James Lennon
1907-07-03
Montclair State University, N.J.s
2019
Wall in College Hall
112
Pte Malcolm Neville and William Harley, Australian soldiers
1916-08-15
Great Australian Bight
2025-10
Wharton Beach, Western Australia
109
George Parker Bidder, Marine Biological Association of the U.K.
1906-11-30
North Sea
2015-04-17
Amrum, Germany
108
Karl Weyprecht, co-leader, Austro-Hungarian North Pole expedition
1874
Lamont, Franz Josef Land, Russia s
1978-08
Lamont, Franz Josef Land, Russia
104
School administrators
1920-09-30
School cornerstone s
2024-04
Owatonna High School, Minnesota, U.S.
103.5
Richard Platz
1913-05-17
Baltic Sea
2014-03
Baltic Sea near Kiel
101
Glasgow School of Navigation
1914-06-10
Near Scotland
2012-04
East of Shetland
98
Selina Pramstaller, Tillie Esper
1915
Harsens Island, Michigan, U.S.
2012
Harsens Island, Michigan, U.S.
96
George Morrow
1926-11
Cheboygan, MI, U.S. (presumed)
2021-06
Cheboygan River
94.6
Marine Laboratory, Aberdeen
1914-04-25
Near Scotland
2006-12-10
Near Shetland
92
Erich Sanitter, Waldenburg
1929-07-08
Bay of Danzig
2019-10
Vistula Lagoon
90
Willi Brandt, roofer, age 18
1930-03-26
Goslar, Germany s
2018
Goslar Cathedral roof
88
Carl Ott (business owner)
1930-05-20
Indianapolis, Indiana, U.S. s
2017-02
Construction site
86
Thomas Hughes, WWI soldier
1914-09-09
English Channel
1999-03
Essex, River Thames
84
Dachau prisoner Franciszek Kempa
1941
Inside violin s
2025 (before 28 April)
Art dealer in Hungary
83
"Flying Squad" joinery team
1934-07-16
Viewforth, Edinburgh s
2016-11
Wall of building
82
John Stapleton Jr. age 14
1938-09-05
Jersey, Channel Islands (deduced)
2020-02-18
Jersey, Channel Islands
81.4
Navy of Czarist Russia
1913-07
Sea of Okhotsk, Russia
1995
Near Cordova, Alaska
81
(undetermined)
1935
Southampton Guildhall, U.K. s
2016
Southampton Guildhall, U.K.
81
"Jim" (military man)
1945-03-04
Virginia Beach, Virginia, Va, US
2024-08-07
Odessa, Florida, US
79
Herbert E. Hillbrick
1936
P&O cruise ship
2012
Ninety Mile Beach, NZ
76
Victor Elliott, age 13
1944-04-25
Ralston, Oklahoma
2017-11-11
Fort Smith, Arkansas
73
Lt. Col. Eugene J. McNamara
1948
Grand Hotel, Yokohama s
2016
New Grand Hotel
68
Auschwitz prisoners, age 18–20
1944-09-09
Near Auschwitz camp s
2009-04
Wall of bomb shelter
64
WHOI
1956-04-26
South of Nova Scotia
2014-01-20
Sable Island
57
Bureau of Commercial Fisheries
1962-05
Gulf of Mexico
2019-01
Padre Is. Nat. Seashore, Texas
56.5
NOAA's NEFSC
1959-09-19
Atlantic, off Massachusetts
2013-12-22
Martha's Vineyard, Mass.
54
Paul Walker, geologist
1959-07-10
Ward Hunt Island, N. Canada s
2013
Ward Hunt Island, N. Canada
54
German Antarctic Expedition
1903
Btw. Kerguelen Is., Tasmania
1955
New Zealand
52
Paul Tsiatsios, motel owner
1960+
New Hampshire, U.S.
2011
Turks and Caicos
51
Soviet fishing vessel Sulak
1969-06-20
Pacific Ocean
2019-08-05
Shishmaref, Alaska
50
13-year-old ship passenger
1969-11-17
100 mi. E. of Fremantle, W. Aus.
2019-07
Eyre Peninsula, S. Aus.
49
Construction workers
1967-05-19
Toowoomba, QLD, Australia s
2016-09-08
Embedded in concrete
49
NOAA Fisheries
1966
Bristol Bay, Alaska, U.S.
2013
Cold Bay, Alaska, U.S.
47
High school science class
1972-12-01
Fire Island, N.Y., U.S.
2019-08
Brookhaven, L.I., N.Y., U.S.
46.7
"Donkeyman" James Robertson
1970-09-16
North Sea (assumed)
2017-01
Norderney, Germany
46.2
Girl, age 6
1971-09-06
Indian River Bay, Delaware, U.S.
2016-04-22
Del. Seashore State Park
44
Boy, age 14
1971-01-15
Cove Bay, Aberdeen, U.K.
2015
Rattray Head, Aberdeenshire
44
Girl, age 11
1974-08-29
Old Mission Peninsula, Michigan
2015
Old Mission Peninsula, Michigan
41
Two junior high school girls
1975
Washington state, U.S.
2015-04-04
Gulf of Alaska, U.S.
40
Print shop worker, age 31
1983
Omaha, Nebraska
2020-03
Rock Port, Missouri
37
High School Nat. Sci. Club
1984-07
Chōshi, Japan
2021
Hawaiian Paradise Park
37
Boy, age 16
1980-05-13
Albany, W. Australia
2016-06
Eucla, W. Australia
36

References

  1. Some sources give the sailor's surname as Wiking, the variant preferred before the 1889 Swedish spelling reform.
  2. "Drift Bottle Found on Martha's Vineyard Has Quite a Story to Tell"
    http://www.nefsc.noaa.gov/news/features/mv_bottle/
  3. The New York Times
    https://www.nytimes.com/2015/03/29/magazine/how-to-find-a-message-in-a-bottle.html
  4. The American Surveyor
    http://www.theamericansurveyor.com/PDF/TheAmericanSurveyor_Penry-MessageInABottle_March2007.pdf
  5. "Tackling plastic waste in oceans with 'wooden message in a bottle'"
    http://www.dw.com/en/tackling-plastic-waste-in-oceans-with-wooden-message-in-a-bottle/a-36031567
  6. In Search of the Castaways
    http://www.gutenberg.org/files/46597/46597-h/46597-h.htm
  7. Ebbesmeyer & Scigliano 2009, p. 229.
  8. National Geographic
    https://web.archive.org/web/20160506022656/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2012/09/120918-oldest-message-in-a-bottle-science-history-messages/
  9. Ebbesmeyer & Scigliano 2009, pp. 54–55.
  10. Kraske 1977, pp. 53–56.
  11. "Queen Elizabeth's "Official Uncorker of Ocean Bottles""
    https://messageinabottlehunter.com/message-in-a-bottle-myths/queen-elizabeth-official-uncorker-of-ocean-bottles
  12. Ebbesmeyer & Scigliano 2009, pp. 55–56, attributing to Becher, Alexander (1843, 1852). Nautical Magazine and Naval Chron
  13. Ebbesmeyer & Scigliano 2009, p. 50.
  14. "Message in a Bottle: The Story Behind the Story -- Drift Bottles Helped Determine Distribution of Fish Eggs and Larvae"
    http://www.nefsc.noaa.gov/news/features/drift_bottles/
  15. Moody 2010, II. Adrift at Sea.
  16. "Message in a bottle"
    https://www.gov.scot/News/Releases/2012/08/messagebottle30082012
  17. The Telegraph
    https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/germany/11815044/Worlds-oldest-message-in-a-bottle-washes-up-in-Germany-after-108-years-at-sea.html
  18. "Why ocean scientists hope someone gets your message in a bottle"
    https://nationalpost.com/news/world/why-ocean-scientists-hope-someone-gets-your-message-in-a-bottle?http://news.nationalpost.com/news/world/why-ocean-scientists-hope-someone-gets-your-message-in-a-bottle
  19. "NWFSC's Own Message in a Bottle: Ocean Drifters and Tiny Tags Have Been Telling Stories for Decades"
    https://www.nwfsc.noaa.gov/news/features/bottle/bottle.cfm
  20. "Letters from the Sea"
    http://ufdcimages.uflib.ufl.edu/UF/00/09/73/66/00002/UF00097366_00002.pdf
  21. New Atlas
    https://newatlas.com/qut-flood-pollution-detector/55572/
  22. Ebbesmeyer & Scigliano 2009, pp. 57–58.
  23. Kraske 1977, pp. 50–52.
  24. Ebbesmeyer & Scigliano 2009, pp. 62–67.
  25. "Message in a Bottle"
    http://courses.washington.edu/ocean200/Readings/Ebbesmeyer.pdf
  26. IslandNet.com
    http://www.islandnet.com/~see/weather/elements/shoes.htm
  27. The Washington Post
    https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/asia_pacific/with-food-and-facts-carried-in-bottles-activists-try-to-penetrate-isolated-north-korea/2018/04/23/abbe2582-438e-11e8-baaf-8b3c5a3da888_story.html
  28. "Hobe Sound woman finds mysterious message in bottle on beach"
    https://www.wpbf.com/article/hobe-sound-woman-finds-mysterious-message-in-bottle-on-beach/26889773
  29. Inside Edition
    http://www.insideedition.com/woman-finds-ashes-and-message-bottle-4-years-after-it-was-sent-out-sea-37911
  30. "Cremated remains of Tenn. woman found inside 'message in a bottle'"
    https://www.wkrn.com/news/cremated-remains-of-tenn-woman-found-inside-message-in-a-bottle-/2023886949
  31. Ebbesmeyer & Scigliano 2009, p. 67.
  32. Ebbesmeyer & Scigliano 2009, pp. 56–57, describing drift casks designed by George W. Melville.
  33. The Atlantic
    https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2012/09/found-worlds-oldest-message-in-a-bottle-part-of-1914-citizen-science-experiment/261981/
  34. "'Message in a bottle' found in bay apparently dates to Vietnam War era"
    http://fox11online.com/news/local/lakeshore/message-found-in-bottle-dates-back-to-vietnam-war
  35. BBC News
    https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/346879.stm
  36. The Washington Times
    http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2016/jun/11/45-year-old-message-in-a-bottle-found-brings-nosta/
  37. Kraske 1977, pp. 88–89.
  38. Kraske 1977, p. 89.
  39. The Local
    http://www.thelocal.de/20140408/granddaughter-gets-100-year-old-message-in-bottle-reaches-granddaughter
  40. BBC News
    https://www.bbc.com/news/world-australia-43299283
  41. Smithsonian
    https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/131-year-old-message-bottle-found-australian-beach-180968381/
  42. Progress in Oceanography
    https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1973PrOce...6..111B
  43. Brisbane Times
    http://www.brisbanetimes.com.au/queensland/queensland-police-officer-finds-message-in-a-bottle-20160227-gn5g63.html
  44. New Zealand Herald
    http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=12012437
  45. "Getting to Know OSCURS, REFM's Ocean Surface Current Simulator"
    http://www.afsc.noaa.gov/REFM/docs/oscurs/get_to_know.htm
  46. "Michigan Message in a Bottle Mystery Solved"
    https://abcnews.go.com/US/michigan-message-bottle-mystery-solved/story?id=19438661
  47. "Hidden message in a bottle found in lighthouse wall after 132 years"
    https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cje0x5j7wgjo
  48. KildaProjet.com
    https://kildaprojet.com/2016/03/04/at-the-edge-of-the-world-st-kilda-mailboat/
  49. Columbus: The Four Voyages, 1492-1504
    https://books.google.com/books?id=3Dyhtkk4VQcC&q=columbus+%22message+in+a+bottle%22+isabella+-ohio&pg=PT117
  50. The Times-Picayune. October 26, 1841. Page 2. No author listed. Republished information that appears to have originated
  51. Newfoundland: As it was and as it is in 1877
    http://collections.mun.ca/cdm/ref/collection/cns/id/127344
  52. Morning Courier
    http://collections.mun.ca/cdm/compoundobject/collection/morncourier/id/930/rec/1
  53. barnstablepatriot.com
    https://web.archive.org/web/20141024184337/http://www.barnstablepatriot.com/home2/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=15011
  54. The New York Times
    https://www.nytimes.com/1861/08/07/archives/reminisecence-of-the-lost-steamship-pacific-interesting-statement.html
  55. Belfast News-Letter. May 12, 1862. Page 5. Belfast, North Ireland.
  56. The Hamilton Spectator. Page 3. May 12, 1866. No author listed. Quotes: "The Argus contains an account of certain bottle
  57. The Western Star
    http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/97420881
  58. Kraske 1977, pp. 57–59.
  59. The Shetland Times
    http://www.shetlandtimes.co.uk/2016/03/27/sandwick-bairns-find-st-kilda-mailboat
  60. Stornoway Gazette
    http://www.stornowaygazette.co.uk/what-s-on/leisure-time/st-kilda-mail-boat-reaches-norway-1-3930408
  61. IrishCentral.com
    http://www.irishcentral.com/news/faces-of-the-titanic-jeremiah-burke-lost-his-life-at-19-put-a-message-in-a-bottle-before-he-died-146337625-237439851.html
  62. "Das Tragödie von L19 (The tragedy of L19)"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20020702171704/http://www.zeppelin-museum.dk/D/german/historie/l-19/l-19.html
  63. Flightglobal
    http://flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1916/1916%20-%200709.html
  64. "Inside Out investigates why air raid on Midlands led to British fisherman being accused of war crimes"
    https://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2005/02_february/15/io_airraids.shtml
  65. The Daily Observer
    http://www.thedailyobserver.ca/2010/12/09/vanished-at-sea-the-doomed-obsession-of-frances-wilson-grayson
  66. SooToday.com
    https://www.sootoday.com/columns/remember-this/a-shipwreck-a-young-woman-and-a-message-in-a-bottle-1473946
  67. La Città di Salerno
    https://www.lacittadisalerno.it/cultura-e-spettacoli/il-messaggio-in-bottiglia-del-marinaio-1.2036523
  68. Lachlander and Condobolin and Western Districts Recorder
    https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/214439959
  69. Brown 2016, p. 10.
  70. Irish Independent
    http://www.independent.ie/lifestyle/the-gi-and-the-irish-colleen-26883730.html
  71. Documentary on One
    https://www.rte.ie/radio/doconone/647286-documentary-podcast-message-in-a-bottle-frank-hayostek-breda-osullivan
  72. RTE
    https://www.rte.ie/radio/doconone/2012/1228/647286-documentary-podcast-message-in-a-bottle-frank-hayostek-breda-osullivan/
  73. The Canberra Times
    https://www.myheritage.com/research/collection-10450/australian-newspapers?itemId=9216673&action=showRecord
  74. The Charlotte Observer
    https://www.newspapers.com/image/619979691
  75. Hemmets Journal
    https://web.archive.org/web/20251009230347/https://www.hemtrevligt.se/hemmetsjournal/artiklar/manniskor/20210929/paolina-motte-karleken-via-flaskpost/
  76. "Message in a bottle: 8 striking stories of letters sent to sea"
    http://www.mnn.com/lifestyle/arts-culture/stories/message-in-a-bottle-8-striking-stories-of-letters-sent-to-sea
  77. "Sposi in bottiglia Siracusa (Spouse in a Bottle -- Syracuse)"
    http://www.antoniorandazzo.it/ricordando/sposi-in-bottiglia-siracusa.html
  78. Canadian Geographic
    https://canadiangeographic.ca/articles/why-the-north-pole-matters-an-important-history-of-challenges-and-global-fascination/
  79. Wilson Daily Times
    https://newspaperarchive.com/wilson-daily-times-jul-26-1976-p-3/
  80. "Weyprecht-Gedenkveranstaltung in Michelstadt (Odenwald) am 29. März 2006, dem 125. Todestag Karl Wepyrechts (Weyprecht commemorative event in Michelstadt (Odenwald) on 29 March 2006, the 125th anniversary of Karl Weyprecht's death)"
    https://epic.awi.de/28564/1/Polarforsch2005_1_7.pdf
  81. Carl-Weyprecht.org
    https://web.archive.org/web/20150811231525/http://www.carl-weyprecht.org/ausstellung.html
  82. Los Angeles Times
    https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1985-04-26-mn-20828-story.html
  83. Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union
    https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/93EO00165
  84. Newsweek
    http://www.newsweek.com/new-york-pelagic-message-bottle-george-boorujy-433926
  85. The Guardian
    https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2010/aug/14/karen-liebreich-letter-in-a-bottle
  86. The Daily Telegraph
    https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/7836150/The-mystery-of-the-message-in-the-bottle.html
  87. "Message in bottle saves drifting migrants"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20050729082439/http://www.cnn.com/2005/WORLD/americas/05/31/message.in.bottle/
  88. Guinness World Records
    https://web.archive.org/web/20120202015451/http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/records-1/oldest-message-in-a-bottle/
  89. Wired
    https://www.wired.com/2011/10/old-school-sos/
  90. Yahoo News
    https://www.yahoo.com/news/blogs/sideshow/98-old-message-bottle-sets-world-record-005350603.html
  91. "World record as message in bottle found after 98 years near Shetland"
    https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-scotland-north-east-orkney-shetland-19422354
  92. Gizmag
    http://www.gizmag.com/worlds-largest-message-in-a-bottle/27137/
  93. "Pirates empty big yellow bottle"
    http://www.canarianweekly.com/pirates-empty-big-yellow-bottle/
  94. "Message in a bottle washes up after 28 years"
    http://www.abc.net.au/news/2013-04-18/message-in-a-bottle-washes-up-after-28-years/4636320
  95. "Matea pronašla bocu s porukom o kojoj pišu svi svjetski mediji (Matea found a bottle with a message world media would write about)"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20130420031001/http://dubrovacki.hr/clanak/50789/matea-medak-rezic-cistila-plazu-i-dozivjela-iznenadenje
  96. "Oldest-known message in a bottle found on WA beach 132 years after being tossed overboard"
    http://www.abc.net.au/news/2018-03-06/oldest-known-message-in-a-bottle-found-on-wa-beach/9518632
  97. "Cubans who climbed lighthouse allege inhumane treatment in U.S. custody"
    http://www.cnn.com/2016/07/21/americas/cuba-lighthouse-migrants/
  98. Sydney Morning Herald
    http://www.smh.com.au/nsw/gopro-lost-at-sea-is-reunited-with-its-owner-after-four-years-20161103-gsh2c6.html
  99. Portland Press Herald
    http://www.pressherald.com/2017/06/27/kennebunk-student-made-boat-completes-long-overseas-journey/
  100. "Bottle man lands 50 potential dates"
    https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-scotland-south-scotland-40738484
  101. Washington Post
    https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/europe/a-german-roofer-working-on-a-cathedral-found-a-message-in-a-bottle-written-by-his-grandfather/2018/09/19/01ddcf8c-b69c-11e8-a2c5-3187f427e253_story.html
  102. The Sydney Morning Herald
    https://www.smh.com.au/national/message-in-a-bottle-crosses-two-oceans-to-land-on-an-australian-beach-20191122-p53d9a.html
  103. "Message in a bottle leads to rescue of California family stranded on 40-foot waterfall"
    https://www.cbsnews.com/news/california-family-stranded-on-top-of-waterfall-saved-by-message-in-a-bottle/
  104. The Washington Post
    https://beta.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/2019/09/09/trapped-waterfall-this-man-sent-out-an-sos-message-bottle-someone-actually-found-it-downstream/
  105. Stuff
    https://web.archive.org/web/20191123172817/https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/117647025/message-in-bottle-washes-up-from-man-who-died-in-freak-accident-in-march
  106. Euronews
    https://www.euronews.com/culture/2025/04/28/violin-of-hope-secret-note-hidden-in-dachau-built-musical-instrument-found-after-80-years
  107. TheJournal.ie
    https://www.thejournal.ie/message-in-a-bottle-inis-oirr-taiwan-6776873-Jul2025/
  108. BBC News
    https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c5yj7kg3zd1o
  109. Kraske 1977, pp. 40–41.
  110. "135-year-old message in a bottle found under floorboards"
    https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-edinburgh-east-fife-63678138
  111. Österreichischer Rundfunk (Radio Austria)
    http://orf.at//stories/2429124/
  112. "119-year-old bottle found behind crown above theatre stage"
    https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cd0nznl95vno
  113. NJ.com
    https://www.nj.com/essex/2019/11/message-in-a-bottle-found-112-years-later-at-nj-college.html
  114. BBC News
    https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/clyg6pny0e8o
  115. CNN
    https://www.cnn.com/2025/10/30/australia/ww1-letter-in-bottle-found-australia-intl-hnk
  116. ABC News
    https://www.abc.net.au/news/2025-10-28/world-war-one-message-in-bottle-family-found/105939652
  117. "'Oldest' message in a bottle found more than 108 years on"
    https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-34020734
  118. Norddeutscher Rundfunk
    http://www.ndr.de/nachrichten/schleswig-holstein/Aelteste-Flaschenpost-auf-Amrum-gefunden,aeltesteflaschenpost100.html
  119. Guinness World Records
    http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/news/2016/3/mysterious-postcard-found-on-german-shore-is-confirmed-as-oldest-message-in-a-bot-420594
  120. "Century-old time capsule found at Minnesota high school during demolition"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20240428063934/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/1920-time-capsule-found-minnesota-high-school-demolition/
  121. Detroit Free Press
    https://www.freep.com/story/news/local/michigan/2021/06/23/cheboygan-message-in-a-bottle/5318912001/
  122. Głos Pomorza
    https://gp24.pl/rybak-wylowil-butelke-z-listem-z-wod-zalewu-wislanego-plywala-w-baltyku-przez-90-lat/ar/c1-14721270
  123. "Message in a bottle found in Indianapolis 85 years later leads to life discoveries"
    http://www.theindychannel.com/news/local-news/letter-in-a-bottle-found-in-indianapolis-85-years-later-leads-to-life-discoveries
  124. Edinburgh Evening News
    http://www.edinburghnews.scotsman.com/our-region/edinburgh/a-joiner-s-note-hidden-in-an-edinburgh-shop-80-years-ago-is-reunited-with-son-1-4451479
  125. "Jersey message in bottle from 1938 goes to sender's family"
    https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-jersey-51616888
  126. Ebbesmeyer & Scigliano 2009, pp. 61–62.
  127. "'Message in a bottle' discovered in Southampton"
    http://www.itv.com/news/meridian/2016-02-09/message-in-a-bottle-discovered-in-southampton/
  128. The Washington Post
    https://www.washingtonpost.com/nation/2024/08/13/message-bottle-debby-florida-navy/
  129. The New Zealand Herald
    http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=10847495
  130. Temple Daily Telegram
    http://www.tdtnews.com/news/article_d3dde088-e8ef-11e7-af9a-2fcc3ca9ad0e.html
  131. Stars and Stripes
    https://www.stripes.com/news/card-in-a-bottle-sparks-70-year-old-army-mystery-in-japan-1.473590
  132. BBC News
    https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/8021845.stm
  133. "Message Bottled in an Email -- A long-lost legacy of ocean research resurfaces"
    http://www.whoi.edu/oceanus/feature/bumpus
  134. Atlas Obscura
    https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/message-in-a-bottle-science-experiment
  135. Houston Chronicle
    https://www.chron.com/news/houston-texas/houston/article/57-year-old-message-in-bottle-found-by-texas-coupl-13628535.php
  136. Los Angeles Times
    http://www.latimes.com/science/sciencenow/la-sci-sn-message-in-bottle-arctic-20131219-story.html
  137. "Message in a bottle returns to New Hampshire family 50 years later"
    https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-37778511
  138. "Message in a bottle returned to Hampton Beach after 55 years and 1,400 miles"
    http://www.fox25boston.com/news/message-in-a-bottle-returned-to-hampton-beach-after-55-years-and-1400-miles/460659320
  139. "Russian TV tracks down the captain that sent a message in a bottle found in Shishmaref"
    https://www.ktuu.com/content/news/Russian-TV-tracks-down-the-captain-that-sent-a-message-in-a-bottle-found-in-Shishmaref-540923361.html
  140. Newsweek
    https://www.newsweek.com/9-year-old-finds-50-year-old-message-bottle-turns-facebook-locate-sender-1450801
  141. Brinkwire
    https://en.brinkwire.com/news/message-in-a-bottle-on-australian-beach/
  142. The Chronicle
    https://www.thechronicle.com.au/news/toowoomba-man-digs-up-49-year-old-message-in-bottl/3088627/
  143. ABC 7 News
    https://abc7chicago.com/science/message-in-a-bottle-found-47-years-later-on-long-island/5444215/
  144. The Scotsman
    https://www.scotsman.com/news/odd/50-year-old-message-in-a-bottle-traced-to-edinburgh-sailor-1-4383814
  145. The Scotsman
    http://www.scotsman.com/news/odd/44-year-old-message-in-a-bottle-found-in-aberdeen-1-3804646
  146. Detroit Free Press
    https://www.freep.com/story/news/local/michigan/2019/05/24/message-in-bottle-grand-traverse-bay/1226624001/
  147. "Message in a Bottle Found in Gulf of Alaska 40 Years Later"
    https://weather.com/news/news/message-in-a-bottle-found-alaska
  148. River Country
    https://rivercountry.newschannelnebraska.com/story/41949680/update-message-in-a-bottle-traveled-from-omaha-to-missouri-sender-and-finder-connect
  149. Hawaii Tribune-Herald
    https://www.hawaiitribune-herald.com/2021/07/14/hawaii-news/from-japan-to-hpp-puna-keiki-finds-37-year-old-message-in-a-bottle/
  150. The West Australian
    https://au.news.yahoo.com/thewest/regional/great-southern/a/31797512/message-in-bottle-turns-up-decades-later/
  151. "Message in a bottle from 1981 found on Georgia beach: 'Holy cow. It just brings back memories'"
    https://abcnews.go.com/Lifestyle/message-bottle-1981-found-georgia-beach-holy-cow/story?id=48154080
  152. BBC News
    https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cgmwgeykr8xo
  153. "Message in a bottle from Scotland found its way to Florida more than 30 years later"
    https://www.foxnews.com/us/message-in-a-bottle-from-scotland-found-its-way-to-florida-more-than-30-years-later
  154. "Message in a bottle received 29 years after girl tossed it off S.C. shore"
    https://www.cbsnews.com/news/message-in-a-bottle-received-29-years-after-girl-threw-it-off-south-carolina-shore/
  155. Free Press
    http://www.freep.com/story/life/2017/08/06/message-bottle-detroit-river/496515001/
  156. Manitoulin Expositor
    https://www.manitoulin.ca/message-in-a-bottle-finally-finds-a-reader-after-28-years-adrift/
  157. "Manitoba man finds message in a bottle from 1985, spends 9 years tracking down messenger"
    https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/manitoba/manitoba-man-finds-message-in-a-bottle-from-1985-spends-9-years-tracking-down-messenger-1.5425645
  158. "Topeka elementary class puts message in a bottle, found nearly 26 years later"
    https://www.kwch.com/content/news/Topeka-elementary-class-puts-message-in-a-bottle-found-nearly-26-years-later-508192241.html
  159. The Boston Globe
    https://www.bostonglobe.com/lifestyle/2013/02/12/messages-bottle-still-carry-hint-romance/dduFIyJjc451G7gZZNU0xM/story.html
  160. "The Tides That Bind (2019)"
    https://atlanticcitycinefest.org/movie/the-tides-that-bind/
  161. The Guardian
    https://www.theguardian.com/travel/2016/jan/21/message-in-a-bottle-journey-round-the-world-turks-and-caicos
  162. "See the new 'golden record' launching to an ocean world this year"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20240317235822/https://edition.cnn.com/2024/03/12/world/nasa-europa-clipper-symbolic-artwork-scn
  163. "Global 'message in a bottle' to be beamed to the stars carrying contributions from the public"
    http://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-02-07/global-message-in-a-bottle-to-transmit-to-space/7146908
  164. Zeitungsgruppe Lahn-Dill (MittelHessen = Central Hessian)
    https://web.archive.org/web/20150201063618/http://www.mittelhessen.de/lokales/region-dillenburg_artikel%2C-Flaschenpost-Norweger-suchen-jetzt-mit-_arid%2C111950.html
  165. "Letter flown by balloon out of besieged Paris in 1870 discovered in National Archives"
    http://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-02-16/letter-flown-out-of-paris-by-hot-air-ballon-in-1870-found/6408654
  166. Business Insider
    http://www.businessinsider.com/westinghouse-time-capsule-2014-4
  167. Der Spiegel
    http://www.spiegel.de/international/germany/witness-to-extermination-auschwitz-museum-publishes-prisoner-sketchbook-a-809591.html
  168. "What is 'Message in a Bottle'?"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20161110083141/http://www.lions105w.org.uk/MIAB.pdf
  169. "13.4 Adult "Do not attempt cardiopulmonary resuscitation" (DNACPR / Advance Decision to Refuse Treatment (ADRT)"
    http://www.futureplanning.org.uk/uploads/8/0/4/0/80407130/final_dnacpr_guidance_for_primary_care_and_out_of_hours.pdf
  170. Berwick Advertiser
    https://www.berwick-advertiser.co.uk/health/message-in-a-bottle-scheme-launched-1-4931493
  171. "Why throwing a message in a bottle into the ocean might be a bad idea"
    https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/prince-edward-island/pei-messages-bottles-ocean-plastic-pollution-1.4761138
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