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Member states of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation

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Member states of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation

The Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) is an international alliance that consists of 10 member states and 2 observers from Eurasia. It was established on 26 April 1996 as the Shanghai Five. In addition to the 10 member states and 2 observers, the SCO currently has 14 dialogue partners and 4 guest attendance entries.

Tables

· Member states
Flag
Country
Capital
Largest city
Area (km2)
Population (2024)
Density (/km2)
GDP per cap. (PPP)
HDI
Currency
Official languages
Leaders
China People's Republic of China
Beijing
Shanghai(city proper) Chongqing(metropolitan area)
9,640,011
a1,374,820,000
139
26,310
0
Renminbi (Chinese yuan, ¥) (CNY)
Standard Chinese written in simplified characters see also languages of China
Paramount Leader and Head of State: Xi Jinping Head of Government: Li Qiang
Kazakhstan Republic of Kazakhstan
Astana
Almaty
2,724,900
d17,670,900
5
41,366
0
Kazakhstani tenge (₸) (KZT)
Kazakh (National) Russian
Head of State: Kassym Jomart Tokayev Head of Government: Ojlas Bektenov
Kyrgyzstan Kyrgyz Republic
Bishkek
199,900
f6,008,600
27
7,773
0
Kyrgyzstani som (som) (KGS)
Kyrgyz (National) Russian
Head of State and Government: Sadyr Japarov
1996-04-26
Russia Russian Federation
Moscow
17,075,400
b146,519,759
8
47,299
0
Russian rouble (₽) (RUB)
Russian also see Languages of Russia
Head of State: Vladimir Putin Head of Government: Mikhail Mishustin
1996-04-26
Tajikistan Republic of Tajikistan
Dushanbe
143,100
e8,352,000
48
5,533
0
Tajikistani somoni (SM) (TJS)
Tajik Persian
Head of State: Emomali Rahmon Prime Minister: Kokhir Rasulzoda
1996-04-26
Uzbekistan Republic of Uzbekistan
Tashkent
447,400
c31,022,500
61
11,596
0
Uzbekistani soum (soum) (UZS)
Uzbek
Head of State: Shavkat Mirziyoyev Head of Government: Abdulla Aripov
2001-06-15
India Republic of India
New Delhi
Mumbai
3,287,263
1,450,936,000
488
11,158
0
Indian rupee (₹) (INR)
Hindi (Devanagari script)&, English . Also see Languages of India
Head of State: Droupadi Murmu Head of Government: Narendra Modi
Pakistan Islamic Republic of Pakistan
Islamabad
Karachi
881,913
b 241,499,431
273
$6,715
0
Pakistani rupee (Rs) (PKR)
Urdu (National) English
Head of State: Asif Ali Zardari Head of Government: Shehbaz Sharif
Iran Islamic Republic of Iran
Tehran
1,648,195
c79,011,700
48
19,607
0
Iranian rial (Rl) (IRR)
Persian
Supreme Leader and Head of State: Ali Khamenei Head of Government: Masoud Pezeshkian
2023-07-04
Belarus Republic of Belarus
Minsk
207,595
c9,498,700
45
32,098
0
Belarusian rubel (Rbl) (BYR)
Belarusian Russian
Head of State and Government: Alexander Lukashenko Prime Minister: Roman Golovchenko
· Member states › Military personnel
China
China
Country
China
Active military
2,035,000
Reserve military
510,000
Paramilitary
1,500,000
Total
4,045,000
Per 1000 capita (total)
2
Per 1000 capita (active)
1
India
India
Country
India
Active military
1,440,000
Reserve military
2,096,000
Paramilitary
1,585,950
Total
5,121,950
Per 1000 capita (total)
4
Per 1000 capita (active)
1
Iran
Iran
Country
Iran
Active military
610,000
Reserve military
350,000
Paramilitary
40,000
Total
1,000,000
Per 1000 capita (total)
11
Per 1000 capita (active)
7
Kazakhstan
Kazakhstan
Country
Kazakhstan
Active military
39,000
Reserve military
0
Paramilitary
31,500
Total
70,500
Per 1000 capita (total)
3
Per 1000 capita (active)
2
Kyrgyzstan
Kyrgyzstan
Country
Kyrgyzstan
Active military
10,900
Reserve military
0
Paramilitary
9,500
Total
20,400
Per 1000 capita (total)
3
Per 1000 capita (active)
1
Pakistan
Pakistan
Country
Pakistan
Active military
653,000
Reserve military
0
Paramilitary
0
Total
653,000
Per 1000 capita (total)
3
Per 1000 capita (active)
3
Russia
Russia
Country
Russia
Active military
1,013,628
Reserve military
2,572,500
Paramilitary
2,310,859
Total
5,896,987
Per 1000 capita (total)
41
Per 1000 capita (active)
7
Tajikistan
Tajikistan
Country
Tajikistan
Active military
8,800
Reserve military
0
Paramilitary
7,500
Total
16,300
Per 1000 capita (total)
1
Per 1000 capita (active)
1
Uzbekistan
Uzbekistan
Country
Uzbekistan
Active military
48,000
Reserve military
0
Paramilitary
20,000
Total
68,000
Per 1000 capita (total)
2
Per 1000 capita (active)
1
Country
Active military
Reserve military
Paramilitary
Total
Per 1000 capita (total)
Per 1000 capita (active)
References
China
2,035,000
510,000
1,500,000
4,045,000
2
1
India
1,440,000
2,096,000
1,585,950
5,121,950
4
1
Iran
610,000
350,000
40,000
1,000,000
11
7
Kazakhstan
39,000
0
31,500
70,500
3
2
Kyrgyzstan
10,900
0
9,500
20,400
3
1
Pakistan
653,000
0
0
653,000
3
3
Russia
1,013,628
2,572,500
2,310,859
5,896,987
41
7
Tajikistan
8,800
0
7,500
16,300
1
1
Uzbekistan
48,000
0
20,000
68,000
2
1
· Observer states
Flag
Country
Capital
Area (km2)
Population (2024)
Density (/km2)
GDP per cap. (PPP)
Currency
Official languages
Leaders
Status gained
Mongolia
Ulaanbaatar
1,564,115
3,475,540
2
$16,504
Mongolian tögrög (₮) (MNT)
Mongolian
Head of State: Ukhnaagiin Khürelsükh Head of Government: Luvsannamsrain Oyun-Erdene
2004-06-17
Afghanistan
Kabul
652,857
41,128,771
48
$2,459
Afghan Afghani (؋) (AFN)
Pashto Dari
De facto Supreme Leader and Head of State: Hibatullah Akhundzada De facto head of government: Hasan Akhund
2012
· Dialogue partner entries
Flag
Country
Capital
Area (km2)
Population (2016)
Density (/km2)
GDP per cap. (PPP)
HDI
Currency
Official languages
Leaders
Status gained
Sri Lanka Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka
Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte (Administrative) Colombo (Commercial)
65,610
c20,966,000
309
10,410
0
Sri Lankan rupee (Rs) (LKR)
Sinhalese Tamil
Head of State and Government: Anura Kumara Dissanayake (Prime Minister: Harini Amarasuriya)
2009-06-16
Turkey Republic of Türkiye
Ankara
783,562
c78,741,053
102
19,698
0
Turkish lira (₺) (TRY)
Turkish
Head of State and Government: Recep Tayyip Erdoğan
2012-06-07
Armenia Republic of Armenia
Yerevan
29,743
c2,998,600
102
8,164
0
Armenian dram (֏) (AMD)
Armenian
Head of State: Vahagn Khachaturyan Head of Government: Nikol Pashinyan
2015-07-10
Azerbaijan Republic of Azerbaijan
Baku
86,600
c9,696,800
109
17,761
0
Azerbaijani manat (₼) (AZN)
Azeri
Head of State: Ilham Aliyev Head of Government: Ali Asadov
2015-07-10
Cambodia Kingdom of Cambodia
Phnom Penh
181,035
c15,626,444
84
3,276
0
Cambodian riel (CR) (KHR)
Khmer
Head of State: Norodom Sihamoni Head of Government: Hun Manet
2015-07-10
Nepal Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal
Kathmandu
147,181
c28,431,500
180
2,388
0
Nepalese rupee (Rs) (NPR)
Nepali
Head of State: Ram Chandra Poudel Head of Government: KP Sharma Oli
2015-07-10
Egypt Arab Republic of Egypt
Cairo
1,010,408
c94,798,827
103
16,980
0
Egyptian pound (LE) (EGP)
Arabic
Head of State: Abdel Fattah el-Sisi Head of Government: Moustafa Madbouly
2022-09-14
Qatar State of Qatar
Doha
11,581
c1,699,435
176
113,675
0
Qatari riyal (QAR)
Arabic
Head of State: Tamim bin Hamad Head of Government: Mohammed bin Abdulrahman bin Jassim Al Thani
2022-09-14
Saudi Arabia Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Riyadh
2,149,690
c38,401,000
15
67,019
0
Saudi riyal (SR) (SAR)
Arabic
Head of State: Salman Head of Government: Mohammed bin Salman
2022-09-14
Kuwait State of Kuwait
Kuwait City
17,818
c4,294,621
200
38,123
0
Kuwaiti dinar
Arabic
Head of State: Mishal Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah Head of Government: Ahmad Nawaf Al-Ahmad Al-Sabah
2023-05-06
Maldives Republic of Maldives
Malé
300
c515,122
1,102
36,358
0
Maldivian rufiyaa (MVR)
Maldivian
Head of State and Government: Ibrahim Mohamed Solih
2023-05-06
Myanmar Republic of the Union of Myanmar
Naypyidaw
261,227
c57,526,449
196
5,132
0
Myanmar Kyat (K) (MMK)
Burmese
Head of State: Myint Swe (acting) Head of Government: Min Aung Hlaing
2023-05-06
United Arab Emirates
Abu Dhabi
83,600
4,106,427
121
78,255
0
UAE dirham (AED)
Arabic
Head of State: Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan Head of Government: Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum
2023-05-06
Bahrain Kingdom of Bahrain
Manama
780
1,504,365
1,864
60,596
0
Bahraini dinar (BHD)
Arabic
Head of State: Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa Head of Government: Salman bin Hamad Al Khalifa
2023-07-15
· Future participation
Flag
Country
Capital
Area (km2)
Population (2016)
Density (/km2)
GDP per cap. (PPP)
HDI
Currency
Official languages
Leaders
Status applied for
Bangladesh People's Republic of Bangladesh
Dhaka
148,460
c169,828,911
1,305
2,470
0
Bangladeshi taka (BDT)
Bengali
Head of State: Mohammed Shahabuddin Chief Adviser: Muhammad Yunus
Observer
Syria Syrian Arab Republic
Damascus
185,180
c22,933,531
118
2,900
0
Syrian pound (SYP)
Arabic
Head of State: Ahmed al-Sharaa (Prime Minister: Mohammad al-Bashar)
Dialogue Partner
Israel State of Israel
Jerusalem
20,770
c9,766,400
442
54,997
0
Israeli new shekel (ILS)
Hebrew
Head of State: Isaac Herzog Head of Government: Benjamin Netanyahu
Dialogue Partner
Iraq Republic of Iraq
Baghdad
438,317
c43,500,000
82
12,141
0
Iraqi dinar (IQD)
Arabic
Head of State: Abdul Latif Rashid Head of Government: Mohammed Shia' Al Sudani
Dialogue Partner
Algeria People's Democratic Republic of Algeria
Algiers
2,381,741
c44,700,000
17
13,324
0
Algerian dinar (DZD)
Arabic
Head of State: Abdelmadjid Tebboune Head of Government: Aymen Benabderrahmane
Observer
Laos Lao People's Democratic Republic
Vientiane
236,800
7,749,595
26
9,787
0
Lao kip (LAK)
Lao
Supreme Leader and Head of State: Thongloun Sisoulith Head of Government: Sonexay Siphandone
Dialogue Partner

References

  1. The potential reserve personnel of Russia may be as high as 20 million, depending on how the figures are counted. Howeve
  2. The sovereignty of China is disputed. Since the conclusion of the Chinese Civil War, the Republic of China (ROC), which
  3. The actual area under PRC control is 9,596,960.
  4. Ba'athist Syria had initially applied for observer status in 2015, but "it was explained that first it is necessary to b
  5. Jerusalem is the capital under Israeli law with a number of governmental institutions located there and is only recogniz
  6. imf
    https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2024/October/weo-report?c=111,&s=NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PPPPC,&sy=2022&ey=2027&ssm=0&scsm=1&scc=0&ssd=1&ssc=0&sic=0&sort=country&ds=.&br=1
  7. "Human Development Report 2023/2024"
    https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2023-24reporten.pdf
  8. "Law of the People's Republic of China on the Standard Spoken and Written Chinese Language (Order of the President No )"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20130724204951/http://www.gov.cn/english/laws/2005-09/19/content_64906.htm
  9. data
    https://data.un.org/en/iso/in.html
  10. World Bank Open Data
    https://data.worldbank.org/
  11. Country Insights
    https://hdr.undp.org/data-center/country-insights
  12. The Hindu
    https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/india-pakistan-become-full-members-of-shanghai-cooperation-organisation-sco/article18912600.ece
  13. Al Arabiya English
    https://english.alarabiya.net/News/middle-east/2023/07/04/Iran-joins-SCO-the-China-founded-regional-security-grouping
  14. IISS 2018, pp. 249-250
  15. IISS 2018, pp. 260
  16. IISS 2018, pp. 188
  17. IISS 2018, pp. 190
  18. IISS 2018, pp. 291
  19. IISS 2018, pp. 192
  20. IISS 2018, pp. 207
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