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Maxime Bernier

Updated: Wikipedia source

Maxime Bernier

Maxime Bernier (French pronunciation: [maksim bɛʁnje]; born January 18, 1963) is a Canadian politician who is the founder and leader of the People's Party of Canada (PPC). Formerly a member of the Conservative Party, Bernier left the caucus in 2018 to form the PPC. He was the member of Parliament (MP) for Beauce from 2006 to 2019 and served as a Cabinet minister in the Harper government. Before entering politics, Bernier worked in law, finance and banking. He was first elected to the House of Commons as a Conservative in the 2006 election in the same riding his father, Gilles Bernier, had represented from 1984 to 1997. Bernier held a number of portfolios in Prime Minister Stephen Harper's Cabinet. He was industry minister from 2006 to 2007 before being promoted to foreign affairs minister until he stepped down in 2008 after failing to secure confidential documents. He continued to sit as a back-bench MP until 2011, when he was appointed as Minister of State for small business and tourism. Following the 2015 election, while the Conservatives were no longer in power, Bernier was re-elected as an MP. Bernier ran for the Conservative Party leadership in the 2017 leadership election. His campaign garnered significant media attention mainly due to its libertarian platform which promised to end corporate welfare, eliminate the capital gains tax, and abolish supply management in the Canadian dairy industry. After leading eventual winner Andrew Scheer through 12 rounds of voting, he came second with over 49 per cent in the 13th round. Fifteen months later, in August 2018, Bernier resigned from the Conservative Party to create his own party, the People's Party of Canada, citing disagreements with Scheer's leadership. He lost his parliamentary seat in the 2019 election to Conservative Richard Lehoux, ending parliamentary representation of the PPC. Since then, he has unsuccessfully run for election in several ridings, including Beauce in 2021 and 2025. In addition to taking economic libertarian positions, he opposes mass immigration to Canada, proposes repealing the Multiculturalism Act, supports more restrictions on abortion, and rejects the scientific consensus on climate change. During the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada, he opposed mandatory vaccinations, public health measures, and attended many anti-lockdown protests; he was arrested for violating public health orders at a gathering in Manitoba.

Infobox

Preceded by
Claude Drouin
Prime Minister
Stephen Harper
Succeeded by
Richard Lehoux
Born
(1963-01-18) January 18, 1963 (age 62)Saint-Georges, Quebec, Canada
Political party
People's (since 2018)
Other politicalaffiliations
Conservative (until 2018)
Spouses
mw- Caroline Chauvin (m. 1991; 2005) Catherine Letarte (m. 2019)
Children
2
Parent(s)
Gilles Bernier (father)Doris Rodrigue (mother)
Residence(s)
Saint-Georges, Quebec, Canada
Education
Université du Québec à Montréal (BCom)University of Ottawa (LLB)
Profession
Author, businessman, consultant, lawyer
Party
People's (since 2018)

Tables

· Electoral history
Party
Party
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Party
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Candidate
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Votes
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%
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±%
Total valid votes/expense limit
Total valid votes/expense limit
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Total valid votes/expense limit
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62,982
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98.49
Total rejected ballots
Total rejected ballots
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Total rejected ballots
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963
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1.51
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-0.04
Turnout
Turnout
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Turnout
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63,945
mw- .mw- .mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw- .mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw- .mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- } }vte2025 Canadian federal election: Beauce
71.94
mw- .mw- .mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw- .mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw- .mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- } }vte2025 Canadian federal election: Beauce
+5.31
Eligible voters
Eligible voters
mw- .mw- .mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw- .mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw- .mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- } }vte2025 Canadian federal election: Beauce
Eligible voters
mw- .mw- .mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw- .mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw- .mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- } }vte2025 Canadian federal election: Beauce
88,888
Source: Elections Canada
Source: Elections Canada
mw- .mw- .mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw- .mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw- .mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- } }vte2025 Canadian federal election: Beauce
Source: Elections Canada
mw- hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output inline dl,.mw-parser-output inline ol,.mw-parser-output inline ul,.mw-parser-output dl dl,.mw-parser-output dl ol,.mw-parser-output dl ul,.mw-parser-output ol dl,.mw-parser-output ol ol,.mw- .mw- hlist dd:last-child ,.mw- hlist dd dd:first-child ,.mw-parser-output dd dt:first-child ,.mw-parser-output dd li:first-child ,.mw-parser-output dt dd:first-child ,.mw-parser-output dt dt:first-child ,.mw-parser-output dt li:first-child ,.mw-parser-output li dd:first-child ,.mw- hlist dd dd:last-child ,.mw-parser-output dd dt:last-child ,.mw-parser-output dd li:last-child ,.mw-parser-output dt dd:last-child ,.mw-parser-output dt dt:last-child ,.mw-parser-output dt li:last-child ,.mw-parser-output li dd:last-child ,.mw- .mw- hlist dd ol>li:first-child ,.mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- } }vte2025 Canadian federal election: Beauce
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
±%
Conservative
Jason Groleau
37,604
59.71
+11.42
Liberal
Maryelle-Henriette Doumbia
12,057
19.14
+6.83
Bloc Québécois
Gaétan Mathieu
8,595
13.65
–1.52
People's
Maxime Bernier
3,626
5.76
–12.43
New Democratic
Annabelle Lafond-Poirier
1,100
1.75
–1.16
Total valid votes/expense limit
62,982
98.49
Total rejected ballots
963
1.51
-0.04
Turnout
63,945
71.94
+5.31
Eligible voters
88,888
Conservative hold
Swing
+2.30
Source: Elections Canada
· Electoral history
Party
Party
vteCanadian federal by-election, June 19, 2023: Portage—LisgarResignation of Candice Bergen
Party
vteCanadian federal by-election, June 19, 2023: Portage—LisgarResignation of Candice Bergen
Candidate
vteCanadian federal by-election, June 19, 2023: Portage—LisgarResignation of Candice Bergen
Votes
vteCanadian federal by-election, June 19, 2023: Portage—LisgarResignation of Candice Bergen
%
vteCanadian federal by-election, June 19, 2023: Portage—LisgarResignation of Candice Bergen
±%
Total valid votes
Total valid votes
vteCanadian federal by-election, June 19, 2023: Portage—LisgarResignation of Candice Bergen
Total valid votes
vteCanadian federal by-election, June 19, 2023: Portage—LisgarResignation of Candice Bergen
31,180
vteCanadian federal by-election, June 19, 2023: Portage—LisgarResignation of Candice Bergen
99.40
Total rejected ballots
Total rejected ballots
vteCanadian federal by-election, June 19, 2023: Portage—LisgarResignation of Candice Bergen
Total rejected ballots
vteCanadian federal by-election, June 19, 2023: Portage—LisgarResignation of Candice Bergen
188
vteCanadian federal by-election, June 19, 2023: Portage—LisgarResignation of Candice Bergen
0.60
vteCanadian federal by-election, June 19, 2023: Portage—LisgarResignation of Candice Bergen
−0.15
Turnout
Turnout
vteCanadian federal by-election, June 19, 2023: Portage—LisgarResignation of Candice Bergen
Turnout
vteCanadian federal by-election, June 19, 2023: Portage—LisgarResignation of Candice Bergen
31,368
vteCanadian federal by-election, June 19, 2023: Portage—LisgarResignation of Candice Bergen
45.47
vteCanadian federal by-election, June 19, 2023: Portage—LisgarResignation of Candice Bergen
−20.77
Eligible voters
Eligible voters
vteCanadian federal by-election, June 19, 2023: Portage—LisgarResignation of Candice Bergen
Eligible voters
vteCanadian federal by-election, June 19, 2023: Portage—LisgarResignation of Candice Bergen
68,988
Source: Elections Canada
Source: Elections Canada
vteCanadian federal by-election, June 19, 2023: Portage—LisgarResignation of Candice Bergen
Source: Elections Canada
vteCanadian federal by-election, June 19, 2023: Portage—LisgarResignation of Candice Bergen
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
±%
Conservative
Branden Leslie
20,250
64.95
+12.43
People's
Max Bernier
5,352
17.16
−4.42
Liberal
Kerry Smith
2,666
8.55
−2.40
New Democratic
Lisa Tessier-Burch
2,208
7.08
−6.30
Green
Nicolas Geddert
704
2.26
–
Total valid votes
31,180
99.40
Total rejected ballots
188
0.60
−0.15
Turnout
31,368
45.47
−20.77
Eligible voters
68,988
Conservative hold
Swing
+8.42
Source: Elections Canada
· Electoral history
Party
Party
vte2021 Canadian federal election: Beauce
Party
vte2021 Canadian federal election: Beauce
Candidate
vte2021 Canadian federal election: Beauce
Votes
vte2021 Canadian federal election: Beauce
%
vte2021 Canadian federal election: Beauce
±%
vte2021 Canadian federal election: Beauce
Expenditures
Total valid votes/expense limit
Total valid votes/expense limit
vte2021 Canadian federal election: Beauce
Total valid votes/expense limit
vte2021 Canadian federal election: Beauce
56,980
vte2021 Canadian federal election: Beauce
98.45
vte2021 Canadian federal election: Beauce
–
vte2021 Canadian federal election: Beauce
$115,918.81
Total rejected ballots
Total rejected ballots
vte2021 Canadian federal election: Beauce
Total rejected ballots
vte2021 Canadian federal election: Beauce
895
vte2021 Canadian federal election: Beauce
1.55
Turnout
Turnout
vte2021 Canadian federal election: Beauce
Turnout
vte2021 Canadian federal election: Beauce
57,875
vte2021 Canadian federal election: Beauce
66.63
vte2021 Canadian federal election: Beauce
-3.02
Eligible voters
Eligible voters
vte2021 Canadian federal election: Beauce
Eligible voters
vte2021 Canadian federal election: Beauce
86,857
Source: Elections Canada
Source: Elections Canada
vte2021 Canadian federal election: Beauce
Source: Elections Canada
vte2021 Canadian federal election: Beauce
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
±%
Expenditures
Conservative
Richard Lehoux
27,514
48.29
+9.70
$54,511.58
People's
Maxime Bernier
10,362
18.19
-10.18
$65,399.38
Bloc Québécois
Solange Thibodeau
8,644
15.17
+1.04
$4,385.30
Liberal
Philippe-Alexandre Langlois
7,018
12.32
+0.66
$5,569.50
New Democratic
François Jacques-Côté
1,654
2.90
-0.14
$24.86
Free
Chantale Giguère
1,096
1.92
–
$1,476.73
Green
Andrzej Wisniowski
486
0.85
-1.54
$0.00
Marijuana
Sébastien Tanguay
206
0.36
–
$0.00
Total valid votes/expense limit
56,980
98.45
–
$115,918.81
Total rejected ballots
895
1.55
Turnout
57,875
66.63
-3.02
Eligible voters
86,857
Conservative hold
Swing
+9.94
Source: Elections Canada
· Electoral history
Party
Party
vteCanadian federal by-election, October 26, 2020: York CentreResignation of Michael Levitt
Party
vteCanadian federal by-election, October 26, 2020: York CentreResignation of Michael Levitt
Candidate
vteCanadian federal by-election, October 26, 2020: York CentreResignation of Michael Levitt
Votes
vteCanadian federal by-election, October 26, 2020: York CentreResignation of Michael Levitt
%
vteCanadian federal by-election, October 26, 2020: York CentreResignation of Michael Levitt
±%
vteCanadian federal by-election, October 26, 2020: York CentreResignation of Michael Levitt
Expenditures
Total valid votes/expense limit
Total valid votes/expense limit
vteCanadian federal by-election, October 26, 2020: York CentreResignation of Michael Levitt
Total valid votes/expense limit
vteCanadian federal by-election, October 26, 2020: York CentreResignation of Michael Levitt
18,058
vteCanadian federal by-election, October 26, 2020: York CentreResignation of Michael Levitt
100.00
vteCanadian federal by-election, October 26, 2020: York CentreResignation of Michael Levitt
–
vteCanadian federal by-election, October 26, 2020: York CentreResignation of Michael Levitt
$105,734.74
Total rejected ballots
Total rejected ballots
vteCanadian federal by-election, October 26, 2020: York CentreResignation of Michael Levitt
Total rejected ballots
vteCanadian federal by-election, October 26, 2020: York CentreResignation of Michael Levitt
166
vteCanadian federal by-election, October 26, 2020: York CentreResignation of Michael Levitt
0.91
vteCanadian federal by-election, October 26, 2020: York CentreResignation of Michael Levitt
−0.61
Turnout
Turnout
vteCanadian federal by-election, October 26, 2020: York CentreResignation of Michael Levitt
Turnout
vteCanadian federal by-election, October 26, 2020: York CentreResignation of Michael Levitt
18,224
vteCanadian federal by-election, October 26, 2020: York CentreResignation of Michael Levitt
25.64
vteCanadian federal by-election, October 26, 2020: York CentreResignation of Michael Levitt
−36.12
Eligible voters
Eligible voters
vteCanadian federal by-election, October 26, 2020: York CentreResignation of Michael Levitt
Eligible voters
vteCanadian federal by-election, October 26, 2020: York CentreResignation of Michael Levitt
70,434
Source:Elections Canada
Source:Elections Canada
vteCanadian federal by-election, October 26, 2020: York CentreResignation of Michael Levitt
Source:Elections Canada
vteCanadian federal by-election, October 26, 2020: York CentreResignation of Michael Levitt
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
±%
Expenditures
Liberal
Ya'ara Saks
8,253
45.70
−4.50
$96,612.31
Conservative
Julius Tiangson
7,552
41.82
+5.11
New Democratic
Andrea Vásquez Jiménez
1,046
5.79
−4.05
$2,462.86
People's
Maxime Bernier
642
3.56
–
$27,917.42
Green
Sasha Zavarella
461
2.55
−0.70
$463.46
Independent
John "The Engineer" Turmel
104
0.58
–
—
Total valid votes/expense limit
18,058
100.00
–
$105,734.74
Total rejected ballots
166
0.91
−0.61
Turnout
18,224
25.64
−36.12
Eligible voters
70,434
Liberal hold
Swing
−4.81
Source:Elections Canada
· Electoral history
Party
Party
vte2019 Canadian federal election: Beauce
Party
vte2019 Canadian federal election: Beauce
Candidate
vte2019 Canadian federal election: Beauce
Votes
vte2019 Canadian federal election: Beauce
%
vte2019 Canadian federal election: Beauce
±%
vte2019 Canadian federal election: Beauce
Expenditures
Total valid votes/expense limit
Total valid votes/expense limit
vte2019 Canadian federal election: Beauce
Total valid votes/expense limit
vte2019 Canadian federal election: Beauce
59,125
vte2019 Canadian federal election: Beauce
100.00
vte2019 Canadian federal election: Beauce
$112,590
Total rejected ballots
Total rejected ballots
vte2019 Canadian federal election: Beauce
Total rejected ballots
vte2019 Canadian federal election: Beauce
1,147
vte2019 Canadian federal election: Beauce
1.89
vte2019 Canadian federal election: Beauce
+0.64
Turnout
Turnout
vte2019 Canadian federal election: Beauce
Turnout
vte2019 Canadian federal election: Beauce
59,125
vte2019 Canadian federal election: Beauce
68.48
vte2019 Canadian federal election: Beauce
+2.33
Eligible voters
Eligible voters
vte2019 Canadian federal election: Beauce
Eligible voters
vte2019 Canadian federal election: Beauce
86,333
Source: Elections Canada
Source: Elections Canada
vte2019 Canadian federal election: Beauce
Source: Elections Canada
vte2019 Canadian federal election: Beauce
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
±%
Expenditures
Conservative
Richard Lehoux
22,817
38.59
-20.39
$88,659.51
People's
Maxime Bernier
16,772
28.37
–
$92,268.96
Bloc Québécois
Guillaume Rodrigue
8,355
14.13
+6.68
$2,029.97
Liberal
Adam Veilleux
6,895
11.66
-10.56
$42,675.69
New Democratic
François Jacques-Côté
1,799
3.04
-6.64
$96.82
Green
Josiane Fortin
1,415
2.39
+0.7
none listed
Rhinoceros
Maxime Bernier
1,072
1.81
–
none listed
Total valid votes/expense limit
59,125
100.00
$112,590
Total rejected ballots
1,147
1.89
+0.64
Turnout
59,125
68.48
+2.33
Eligible voters
86,333
Conservative gain from People's
Swing
-24.35
Source: Elections Canada
· Electoral history
Party
Party
2015 Canadian federal election
Party
2015 Canadian federal election
Candidate
2015 Canadian federal election
Votes
2015 Canadian federal election
%
2015 Canadian federal election
±%
2015 Canadian federal election
Expenditures
Total valid votes/Expense limit
Total valid votes/Expense limit
2015 Canadian federal election
Total valid votes/Expense limit
2015 Canadian federal election
55,882
2015 Canadian federal election
100.0
2015 Canadian federal election
$222,691.43
Total rejected ballots
Total rejected ballots
2015 Canadian federal election
Total rejected ballots
2015 Canadian federal election
712
2015 Canadian federal election
1.25
2015 Canadian federal election
0.02
Turnout
Turnout
2015 Canadian federal election
Turnout
2015 Canadian federal election
56,594
2015 Canadian federal election
66.15
2015 Canadian federal election
+3.13
Eligible voters
Eligible voters
2015 Canadian federal election
Eligible voters
2015 Canadian federal election
85,547
Source: Elections Canada
Source: Elections Canada
2015 Canadian federal election
Source: Elections Canada
2015 Canadian federal election
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
±%
Expenditures
Conservative
Maxime Bernier
32,910
58.89
+8.17
–
Liberal
Adam Veilleux
12,442
22.26
+11.27
–
New Democratic
Daniel Royer
5,443
9.74
−20.26
–
Bloc Québécois
Stéphane Trudel
4,144
7.42
+0.75
–
Green
Céline Brown MacDonald
943
1.69
+0.08
–
Total valid votes/Expense limit
55,882
100.0
$222,691.43
Total rejected ballots
712
1.25
0.02
Turnout
56,594
66.15
+3.13
Eligible voters
85,547
Conservative hold
Swing
+14.22
Source: Elections Canada
· Electoral history
Party
Party
2011 Canadian federal election
Party
2011 Canadian federal election
Candidate
2011 Canadian federal election
Votes
2011 Canadian federal election
%
2011 Canadian federal election
±%
2011 Canadian federal election
Expenditures
Total valid votes/Expense limit
Total valid votes/Expense limit
2011 Canadian federal election
Total valid votes/Expense limit
2011 Canadian federal election
52,850
2011 Canadian federal election
100.0
2011 Canadian federal election
$90,992.37
Total rejected, unmarked and declined ballots
Total rejected, unmarked and declined ballots
2011 Canadian federal election
Total rejected, unmarked and declined ballots
2011 Canadian federal election
681
2011 Canadian federal election
1.27
2011 Canadian federal election
−0.30
Turnout
Turnout
2011 Canadian federal election
Turnout
2011 Canadian federal election
53,531
2011 Canadian federal election
63.02
2011 Canadian federal election
+0.64
Eligible voters
Eligible voters
2011 Canadian federal election
Eligible voters
2011 Canadian federal election
84,941
Sources:
Sources:
2011 Canadian federal election
Sources:
2011 Canadian federal election
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
±%
Expenditures
Conservative
Maxime Bernier
26,799
50.71
−11.70
$80,639.74
New Democratic
Serge Bergeron
15,831
29.95
+21.43
$1,165.17
Liberal
Claude Morin
5,833
11.04
+0.72
$53,133.79
Bloc Québécois
Sylvio Morin
3,535
6.69
−7.29
$19,711.99
Green
Etienne Doyon Lessard
852
1.61
−3.16
$2.00
Total valid votes/Expense limit
52,850
100.0
$90,992.37
Total rejected, unmarked and declined ballots
681
1.27
−0.30
Turnout
53,531
63.02
+0.64
Eligible voters
84,941
Conservative hold
Swing
−16.56
Sources:
· Electoral history
Party
Party
2008 Canadian federal election
Party
2008 Canadian federal election
Candidate
2008 Canadian federal election
Votes
2008 Canadian federal election
%
2008 Canadian federal election
±%
2008 Canadian federal election
Expenditures
Total valid votes/Expense limit
Total valid votes/Expense limit
2008 Canadian federal election
Total valid votes/Expense limit
2008 Canadian federal election
51,084
2008 Canadian federal election
100.0
2008 Canadian federal election
$87,470
Total rejected, unmarked and declined ballots
Total rejected, unmarked and declined ballots
2008 Canadian federal election
Total rejected, unmarked and declined ballots
2008 Canadian federal election
817
2008 Canadian federal election
1.57
2008 Canadian federal election
+0.75
Turnout
Turnout
2008 Canadian federal election
Turnout
2008 Canadian federal election
51,901
2008 Canadian federal election
62.38
2008 Canadian federal election
−5.24
Eligible voters
Eligible voters
2008 Canadian federal election
Eligible voters
2008 Canadian federal election
83,205
2008 Canadian federal election
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
±%
Expenditures
Conservative
Maxime Bernier
31,883
62.41
−4.61
$69,558.01
Bloc Québécois
André Côté
7,143
13.98
−5.99
$13,263,15
Liberal
René Roy
5,270
10.32
+2.40
$2,129.85
New Democratic
Véronique Poulin
4,352
8.52
+5.97
$2,575.32
Green
Nicolas Rochette
2,436
4.77
+2.23
none listed
Total valid votes/Expense limit
51,084
100.0
$87,470
Total rejected, unmarked and declined ballots
817
1.57
+0.75
Turnout
51,901
62.38
−5.24
Eligible voters
83,205
Conservative hold
Swing
+0.69
· Electoral history
Party
Party
2006 Canadian federal election
Party
2006 Canadian federal election
Candidate
2006 Canadian federal election
Votes
2006 Canadian federal election
%
2006 Canadian federal election
±%
2006 Canadian federal election
Expenditures
Total valid votes/Expense limit
Total valid votes/Expense limit
2006 Canadian federal election
Total valid votes/Expense limit
2006 Canadian federal election
55,078
2006 Canadian federal election
100.0
2006 Canadian federal election
$81,497
Total rejected, unmarked and declined ballots
Total rejected, unmarked and declined ballots
2006 Canadian federal election
Total rejected, unmarked and declined ballots
2006 Canadian federal election
454
2006 Canadian federal election
0.82
2006 Canadian federal election
−1.42
Turnout
Turnout
2006 Canadian federal election
Turnout
2006 Canadian federal election
55,532
2006 Canadian federal election
67.62
2006 Canadian federal election
+8.12
Eligible voters
Eligible voters
2006 Canadian federal election
Eligible voters
2006 Canadian federal election
82,123
2006 Canadian federal election
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
±%
Expenditures
Conservative
Maxime Bernier
36,915
67.02
+49.93
$79,344.54
Bloc Québécois
Patrice Moore
10,997
19.97
−16.29
$66,069.90
Liberal
Jacques Lussier
4,364
7.92
−33.46
$54,809.07
New Democratic
Cléo Chartier
1,405
2.55
−0.50
$1,020.20
Green
Jean-Claude Roy
1,397
2.54
+0.31
$108.47
Total valid votes/Expense limit
55,078
100.0
$81,497
Total rejected, unmarked and declined ballots
454
0.82
−1.42
Turnout
55,532
67.62
+8.12
Eligible voters
82,123
Conservative gain from Liberal
Swing
+33.11
· External links
Preceded byClaude Drouin
Preceded byClaude Drouin
Parliament of Canada
Preceded byClaude Drouin
Parliament of Canada
Member of Parliamentfor Beauce 2006–2019
Parliament of Canada
Succeeded byRichard Lehoux
Political offices
Political offices
Parliament of Canada
Political offices
Preceded byDavid Emerson
Preceded byDavid Emerson
Parliament of Canada
Preceded byDavid Emerson
Parliament of Canada
Minister of Industry 2006–2007
Parliament of Canada
Succeeded byJim Prentice
Preceded byPeter MacKay
Preceded byPeter MacKay
Parliament of Canada
Preceded byPeter MacKay
Parliament of Canada
Minister of Foreign Affairs 2007–2008
Parliament of Canada
Succeeded byDavid Emerson
Preceded byJosée Verner
Preceded byJosée Verner
Parliament of Canada
Preceded byJosée Verner
Parliament of Canada
Minister responsible for La Francophonie 2007–2008
Parliament of Canada
Succeeded byJosée Verner
Parliament of Canada
Preceded byClaude Drouin
Member of Parliamentfor Beauce 2006–2019
Succeeded byRichard Lehoux
Political offices
Preceded byDavid Emerson
Minister of Industry 2006–2007
Succeeded byJim Prentice
Preceded byPeter MacKay
Minister of Foreign Affairs 2007–2008
Succeeded byDavid Emerson
Preceded byJosée Verner
Minister responsible for La Francophonie 2007–2008
Succeeded byJosée Verner

References

  1. Office became known as "Minister of State (Small Business and Tourism)" from 2008 to 2013.
  2. Number of eligible voters does not include election day registrations.
  3. maximebernier.com
    https://web.archive.org/web/20190501114054/https://www.maximebernier.com/why_i_am_leaving_the_conservative_party_of_canada
  4. Western Wheel
    https://www.westernwheel.ca/2025-federal-election-canada/ppcs-maxime-bernier-calls-for-end-to-mass-immigration-during-didsbury-stop-10534990
  5. The Telegraph
    https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2025/01/07/mass-migration-disaster-trudeau-legacy-resignation-canada/
  6. "Maxime Bernier rejects the expert consensus on immigration rates and the climate change crisis"
    https://www.thestar.com/politics/federal/2019/09/24/bernier-warns-against-letting-too-many-immigrants-in-and-says-there-is-no-climate-change-crisis.html
  7. "Maxime Bernier rejects climate science and vaccinations. Will he get to do it at the leaders' debates?"
    https://www.thestar.com/politics/federal-election/2021/08/20/maxime-bernier-rejects-climate-science-and-vaccinations-will-he-get-to-do-it-at-the-leaders-debates.html
  8. The Gazette
    https://montrealgazette.com/opinion/columnists/dan-delmar-maverick-maxime-bernier-unites-parts-of-quebec-and-of-the-west
  9. "The Canadian Parliamentary Guide"
    https://books.google.com/books?id=EKZDAQAAIAAJ
  10. "Genealogy Doris Rodrigue"
    http://www.nosorigines.qc.ca/GenealogieQuebec.aspx?genealogy=Doris_Rodrigue&pid=316402&lng=en
  11. Maclean's
    https://www.macleans.ca/news/canada/how-do-they-get-away-with-it/
  12. The Globe and Mail
    https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/politics/ottawa-notebook/maxime-bernier-breaks-ranks-on-arena-funding/article1379775/
  13. "Biographie « Le blogue de Maxime Bernier [Biography « Maxime Bernier's blog]"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20130203035305/http://www.maximebernier.com/biographie
  14. "Maxime Bernier, the 'Albertan from Quebec'"
    https://www.ctvnews.ca/politics/article/maxime-bernier-the-albertan-from-quebec/
  15. IEDM
    https://www.iedm.org/725-maxime-bernier
  16. "Conversations from the Frontier"
    https://fcpp.org/files/1/126%20Maxime%20Bernier.pdf
  17. "L'Albertain du Québec"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20170602231322/http://vigile.quebec/L-Albertain-du-Quebec
  18. "History of Federal Ridings since 1867"
    https://lop.parl.ca/About/Parliament/FederalRidingsHistory/hfer.asp?Include=Y&Language=E&rid=36&Search=Det
  19. "Voters in Maxime Bernier's hometown say they like the man more than the Conservatives"
    https://montrealgazette.com/news/quebec/voters-in-maxime-berniers-hometown-say-they-like-the-man-more-than-the-conservatives
  20. National Post
    https://nationalpost.com/opinion/maxime-bernier-quebec-needs-to-embrace-canada
  21. "More Quebec MPs named to cabinet than expected"
    http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/more-quebec-mps-named-to-cabinet-than-expected-1.598096
  22. "CRTC gives thumbs-up to telecom complaints agency"
    https://www.cbc.ca/news/technology/crtc-gives-thumbs-up-to-telecom-complaints-agency-1.666808
  23. "Conservatives overrule CRTC on regulation of internet phones"
    https://www.cbc.ca/news/business/conservatives-overrule-crtc-on-regulation-of-internet-phones-1.574182
  24. "Ottawa accelerates deregulation of local phone service"
    https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/ottawa-accelerates-deregulation-of-local-phone-service-1.591377
  25. The Globe and Mail
    https://www.theglobeandmail.com/opinion/letters/just-wondering-about-bernier/article959481/
  26. Maxime Bernier – English
    http://www.maximebernier.com/professor_schultz_s_take_on_my_telecom_reform
  27. Canadian Business
    https://www.canadianbusiness.com/blogs-and-comment/a-conservative-war-on-business-james-cowan/
  28. Canadian Business – Your Source For Business News
    https://www.canadianbusiness.com/blogs-and-comment/james-moore-industry-minister/
  29. HuffPost
    http://www.huffingtonpost.ca/2017/05/19/maxime-bernier-conservative-leadership-part-1_n_16689768.html
  30. The Telegraph
    https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/northamerica/canada/2036929/Canadian-foreign-minister-Maxime-Bernier-resigns-over-secret-document-row.html
  31. "Bernier quits cabinet post over security breach: Foreign affairs minister departs ahead of ex-girlfriend's TV interview"
    https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/bernier-quits-cabinet-post-over-security-breach-1.723124
  32. "Harper shrugs off new concerns about minister's ex-flame"
    https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/montreal/harper-shrugs-off-new-concerns-about-minister-s-ex-flame-1.745542
  33. "FULL INTERVIEW: Maxime Bernier"
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iTjLSHSx6Pg
  34. westernstandard.blogs.com
    https://westernstandard.blogs.com/shotgun/2008/10/re-stephen-harp.html
  35. "Omny.fm"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20171004190405/https://omny.fm/shows/the-andrew-lawton-show/maxime-bernier-on-the-conservative-party-leadership
  36. La Presse
    http://www.lapresse.ca/actualites/elections-federales/200810/10/01-28191-julie-ou-maxime-la-beauce-a-choisi.php
  37. lop.parl.ca
    https://lop.parl.ca/sites/ParlInfo/default/en_CA/People/Profile?personId=3817#fedExp
  38. Maclean's
    https://www.macleans.ca/politics/how-mad-max-bernier-went-from-comic-relief-to-tory-front-runner/
  39. The Globe and Mail
    https://www.theglobeandmail.com/opinion/editorials/maxime-bernier-wants-to-have-an-adult-conversation/article4183261/
  40. Maclean's
    https://www.macleans.ca/politics/ottawa/magical-maxime/
  41. La Presse
    http://www.lapresse.ca/debats/editoriaux/andre-pratte/201004/21/01-4272867-bernier-bashing.php
  42. Maclean's
    https://www.macleans.ca/general/spoken-like-a-true-conservative-spoken-like-a-true-conservative/
  43. warrenkinsella.com
    http://warrenkinsella.com/articles/speaking-for-canada/
  44. Globe & Mail
    https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/politics/from-fringes-to-frontrunner-maxime-berniers-long-road-to-redemption/article34979999/
  45. "Bernier condemns proposed federal funding of Quebec arena"
    https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/politics/bernier-condemns-proposed-federal-funding-of-quebec-arena/article4328930/
  46. Montreal
    https://web.archive.org/web/20180510115716/https://montreal.ctvnews.ca/harper-strongly-defends-decision-not-to-fund-quebec-city-arena-1.619630
  47. National Post
    https://nationalpost.com/opinion/maxime-bernier-why-my-new-political-movement-because-canada-has-been-hijacked
  48. L'actualité
    https://lactualite.com/politique/2017/05/11/la-metamorphose-de-maxime-bernier/
  49. lautjournal.info
    http://lautjournal.info/20080115/lalliance-dumont-harper
  50. National Post
    https://nationalpost.com/full-comment/keith-beardsley-maxime-berniers-latest-quebec-gambit
  51. CTVNews
    https://www.thestar.com/news/canada/2009/02/09/adq_members_hope_to_woo_maxime_bernier.html
  52. "The Honourable Maxime Bernier – Roles – House of Commons of Canada: All Roles"
    https://www.ourcommons.ca/Parliamentarians/en/members/Maxime-Bernier(35309)/Roles
  53. The Globe and Mail
    https://www.theglobeandmail.com/report-on-business/video-feds-to-cut-red-tape-for-small-business/article1356282/?from=4197491
  54. Toronto Star
    https://www.thestar.com/news/canada/2016/04/07/quebec-mp-maxime-bernier-officially-enters-conservative-leadership-race.html
  55. "Liberals vote down Tory move to force Bombardier execs to testify at committee"
    https://www.ctvnews.ca/politics/article/liberals-vote-down-tory-move-to-force-bombardier-execs-to-testify-at-committee/
  56. "The Mark Steyn Show with Maxime Bernier"
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZFNxZnNjb5U
  57. YouTube
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ntMlw6QRalA
  58. "Maxime Bernier's China comments continue to confuse"
    https://ipolitics.ca/2016/04/05/maxime-berniers-china-comments-continue-to-confuse/
  59. "Maxime Bernier begins marathon race for Conservative leadership"
    https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/politics/bernier-begins-marathon-race-for-conservative-leaderhip/article30024376/
  60. Global News
    http://globalnews.ca/video/2545105/conservative-mp-maxime-bernier-discusses-ways-party-can-regain-public-trust
  61. "Maxime Bernier parts ways with Conservative policy on supply management"
    https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/bernier-supply-management-dairy-egg-poultry-1.3609113
  62. "'Turning the page': Tory leadership contenders to march in Pride parade"
    https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/conservative-contenders-gay-pride-1.3659699
  63. Maxime Bernier
    https://web.archive.org/web/20160929171817/http://www.maximebernier.com/tax_plan_speech
  64. ctvnews.ca
    https://web.archive.org/web/20161026075921/http://www.ctvnews.ca/politics/o-leary-praises-bernier-won-t-rule-out-leadership-run-1.3126041
  65. "John Ivison: Mad Max Bernier's income tax plan shows he's crazy like a fox"
    https://nationalpost.com/opinion/john-ivison-mad-max-berniers-income-tax-plan-shows-hes-crazy-like-a-fox
  66. La Presse
    http://www.lapresse.ca/actualites/politique/201601/28/01-4944696-energie-est-coderre-ne-parle-pas-au-nom-de-la-majorite-estime-maxime-bernier.php
  67. "Tory leadership race sparks issue of marijuana legalization"
    http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/marijuana-leadership-bernier-leitch-ambrose-1.3527691
  68. thestar.com
    https://www.thestar.com/news/canada/2016/05/15/maxime-bernier-announces-tory-leadership-campaign-as-race-begins-to-heat-up.html
  69. "Who's running for the Conservative leadership? Read the list of candidates"
    https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/politics/conservative-leadership-candidates-list/article33632355/?reqid=382d783f-73ce-47f8-a265-7f9bfde64a87
  70. ctvnews.ca
    https://www.ctvnews.ca/politics/article/whos-running-for-the-conservative-leadership/
  71. "Am in favour of trade with China but not at our security's expense. Very reckless reversal of decision. Is this gov…"
    https://x.com/MaximeBernier/status/847064546783191040
  72. "Let's Get Atlantic Canada Out Of Its Have-Not Status"
    http://www.huffingtonpost.ca/maxime-bernier/lets-get-atlantic-canada-_b_14632356.html
  73. "CFTA Deal Is Pathetic, Says Bernier"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20170412213624/http://www.maximebernier.com/cfta_deal_is_pathetic_says_bernier
  74. "Conservative Party's fortunes hinge on immigration policy"
    https://www.theglobeandmail.com//news/politics/conservative-partys-fortunes-hinge-on-immigration-policy/article33535266/?click=sf_globe
  75. "In Yukon, Maxime Bernier suggests changing or scrapping Indian Act"
    http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/north/maxime-bernier-yukon-1.3991246
  76. "This Is The Worst Reason To Have Strong Federal Ministers"
    http://www.huffingtonpost.ca/maxime-bernier/federal-government-money_b_14201230.html
  77. "Westmount abuse settlement, Maxime Bernier, AI poker player (Part 1)"
    http://www.cbc.ca/player/play/861926467877
  78. "$117M spent on Afghan education system that may have been embezzled. We should phase out development aid -->…"
    https://x.com/MaximeBernier/status/823713993399398400
  79. Prince George Citizen
    http://www.princegeorgecitizen.com/opinion/columnists/i-ll-take-the-bernier-1.9718623
  80. [1] [dead link]
    http://www.timescolonist.com/for-bernier-freedom-s-just-another-word-for-why-he-s-going-t-win-leadership-1.14278582#sthash.PK98YrlQ.dpuf
  81. Le Journal de Montréal
    http://www.journaldemontreal.com/2017/02/02/quand-maxime-bernier-fait-dans-lhumour
  82. National Post
    https://nationalpost.com/news/politics/foes-mock-mad-max-bernier-over-photoshopped-tory-leadership-ad-if-people-laugh-even-better
  83. Financial Post
    http://business.financialpost.com/opinion/william-watson-maxime-bernier-scored-a-big-victory-even-if-he-narrowly-lost-the-conservative-race
  84. "New Conservative leader should be open to new ideas: Stanley Hartt for Inside Policy"
    https://www.macdonaldlaurier.ca/new-conservative-leader-should-be-open-to-new-ideas-stanley-hartt-for-inside-policy/
  85. "News Special: Conservative Leadership Convention 2017". CBC Television. May 27, 2017.
  86. The Hill Times
    https://www.hilltimes.com/2017/05/27/conservative-leadership-race-results-ballot/108523
  87. "Michael Chong back on the farm 1 month after Conservative leadership loss"
    http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/kitchener-waterloo/michael-chong-conservative-leadership-wellington-halton-hills-mp-1.4179567
  88. "A closer look at Andrew Scheer's team of shadows: Aaron Wherry"
    http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/scheer-shadow-leitch-poilievre-analysis-wherry-1.4268757
  89. CTVNews
    https://www.ctvnews.ca/canada/article/quebec-mp-maxime-bernier-demands-answers-from-tories-on-rick-dykstra-affair/
  90. "Scheer orders investigation into Dykstra candidacy following sexual assault allegation | CBC News"
    http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/andrew-scheer-rick-dykstra-investigation-1.4512888
  91. Maxime Bernier – English
    https://web.archive.org/web/20180614072210/http://www.maximebernier.com/my_chapter_on_supply_management
  92. Beauce Média
    https://web.archive.org/web/20180615055745/https://www.beaucemedia.ca/maxime-bernier-publiera-livre-cet-automne/
  93. National Post
    https://nationalpost.com/opinion/andrew-coyne-tories-cry-foul-as-maxime-bernier-spills-the-beans-er-milk-on-leadership-race#comments-area
  94. La Presse+
    http://plus.lapresse.ca/screens/52ae5ea0-68d4-4424-a1e8-9c5b6eef9574__7C___0.html
  95. "Bernier pulls book that accuses Scheer of using 'fake Conservatives' to win leadership"
    http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/bernier-scheer-leadership-book-1.4625038
  96. Toronto Star
    https://www.thestar.com/news/canada/2018/04/26/bernier-stands-by-comments-that-scheer-won-the-tory-leadership-thanks-to-fake-conservatives.html
  97. "Bernier's lack of loyalty, not supply management, behind demotion: Scheer"
    https://www.ctvnews.ca/politics/article/berniers-lack-of-loyalty-not-supply-management-behind-demotion-scheer/
  98. The National
    https://www.cbc.ca/player/play/1256205379999
  99. L'Éclaireur Progrès
    https://www.leclaireurprogres.ca/maxime-bernier-attribue-expulsion-cabinet-fantome-a-position-gestion-de-loffre/
  100. Global News
    https://globalnews.ca/news/4385065/maxime-bernier-twitter-diversity-justin-trudeau/
  101. "Andrew Scheer joins caucus members in condemning Bernier's 'identity politics'"
    https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/pakistani-canadian-senator-maxime-bernier-tweet-1.4786506
  102. Calgary Herald
    https://calgaryherald.com/opinion/john-ivison-justin-trudeau-blows-dog-whistle-on-conservative-xenophobia/wcm/68d9edaa-e461-4713-8ea9-5f612f15b394
  103. CBC News
    https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/trudeau-maxime-bernier-politics-division-1.4787529
  104. The Globe and Mail
    https://www.theglobeandmail.com/politics/article-scheer-bernier-spat-over-identity-politics-comes-a-week-before/
  105. Le Journal de Montréal
    https://www.journaldemontreal.com/2018/08/18/maxime-bernier-au-pays-des-fous
  106. The Gazette
    https://montrealgazette.com/opinion/columnists/lise-ravary-its-not-racist-to-question-multiculturalism-in-canada
  107. "Maxime Bernier is challenging orthodoxy. He deserves a civil reply: Opinion"
    https://www.cbc.ca/news/opinion/maxime-bernier-tweets-1.4792134
  108. Toronto Star
    https://www.thestar.com/opinion/star-columnists/2018/11/13/mad-max-is-proving-hes-a-political-force.html
  109. "Maxime Bernier's former chief of staff lauds his 'courage' for quitting the Conservatives | CBC Radio"
    https://www.cbc.ca/radio/asithappens/as-it-happens-friday-edition-1.4731083/maxime-bernier-s-former-chief-of-staff-lauds-his-courage-for-quitting-the-conservatives-1.4731085
  110. La Presse+
    http://plus.lapresse.ca/screens/bc2670f4-cdb5-4ca4-a815-3475e81b60aa__7C___0.html
  111. National Post
    https://nationalpost.com/news/politics/sfull-text-of-maxime-berniers-speech
  112. CTVNews
    https://www.ctvnews.ca/politics/article/peoples-party-under-bernier-to-champion-more-privatized-healthcare-unity-over-diversity/
  113. National Post
    https://nationalpost.com/opinion/colby-cosh-how-a-leftist-mob-handed-mad-max-a-pre-election-gift
  114. Althia Raj, Maxime Bernier Quits Andrew Scheer's Conservatives To Form His Own Federal Party, Huffington Post (August 23
    https://www.huffingtonpost.ca/2018/08/23/maxime-bernier-quits-conservatives-new-party_a_23508059/
  115. Global News
    https://globalnews.ca/news/4404246/maxime-bernier-conservative-party-controversy/
  116. "Bernier didn't tell anyone from the Conservative Party about his dramatic exit"
    https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/bernier-departure-conservatives-didn-t-tell-1.4797877
  117. HuffPost
    https://www.huffpost.com/archive/ca/entry/stephen-harper-maxime-bernier_ca_5cd56246e4b07bc729779ed4
  118. iPolitics
    https://ipolitics.ca/2018/09/11/berniers-departure-from-tories-will-make-it-harder-to-beat-trudeau-former-pm/
  119. National Post
    https://nationalpost.com/opinion/christie-blatchford-i-like-bernier-who-has-the-courage-to-go-his-own-way
  120. National Post
    https://nationalpost.com/opinion/maxime-bernier-why-my-new-political-movement-because-canada-has-been-hijacked
  121. Amanda Connolly, Maxime Bernier officially launches new conservative People's Party, Global News (September 14, 2018).
    https://globalnews.ca/news/4449706/maxime-bernier-peoples-party-launch/
  122. "Maxime Bernier says his new party offers 'smart populism'"
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=89mA6iJQdNE
  123. La Presse
    https://www.lapresse.ca/actualites/politique/politique-canadienne/201809/14/01-5196564-maxime-bernier-lance-le-parti-populaire-du-canada.php
  124. Alex Boutilier, Bernier officially registers People's Party and sees a fundraising bump, The Star (January 21, 2019).
    https://www.thestar.com/politics/federal/2019/01/21/bernier-officially-registers-peoples-party-and-sees-a-fundraising-bump.html
  125. Politico Magazine
    https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2019/10/02/can-canada-ward-off-a-populist-surge-228874/
  126. Toronto Star
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  155. BarrieToday
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  157. "Peterborough mayor tells 'travelling clown convention' of Bernier, Hillier to avoid anti-lockdown protest"
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