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Mary I of England

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Mary I of England

Mary I (18 February 1516 – 17 November 1558), also known as Mary Tudor, was Queen of England and Ireland from July 1553 and Queen of Spain as the wife of King Philip II from January 1556 until her death in 1558. She made vigorous attempts to reverse the English Reformation, which had begun during the reign of her father, King Henry VIII. Her attempt to restore to the Church the property confiscated in the previous two reigns was largely thwarted by Parliament but, during her five-year reign, more than 280 religious dissenters were burned at the stake in what became known as the Marian persecutions, leading later commentators to label her "Bloody Mary". Mary was the only surviving child of Henry VIII by his first wife, Catherine of Aragon. She was declared illegitimate and barred from the line of succession following the annulment of her parents' marriage in 1533, but was restored via the Third Succession Act 1543. Her younger half-brother, Edward VI, succeeded their father in 1547 at the age of nine. When Edward became terminally ill in 1553, he attempted to remove Mary from the line of succession because he supposed, correctly, that she would reverse the Protestant reforms that had taken place during his reign. Upon his death, leading politicians proclaimed their Protestant cousin, Lady Jane Grey, as queen instead. Mary speedily assembled a force in East Anglia and deposed Jane. Mary was—excluding the disputed reigns of Jane and the Empress Matilda—the first queen regnant of England. In July 1554, she married Philip of Spain, becoming queen consort of Habsburg Spain on his accession in 1556. After Mary's death in 1558, her re-establishment of Catholicism in England was reversed by her younger half-sister and successor, Elizabeth I.

Infobox

Reign
July 1553[a] –17 November 1558
Coronation
1 October 1553
Predecessor
Jane (disputed) or Edward VI
Successor
Elizabeth I
Co-monarch
Philip (1554–1558)
Tenure
16 January 1556 –17 November 1558
Born
18 February 1516Palace of Placentia, Greenwich, England
Died
17 November 1558 (aged 42)St James's Palace, Westminster, England
Burial
14 December 1558Westminster Abbey, London
Spouse
mw- 1554)
House
Tudor
Father
Henry VIII of England
Mother
Catherine of Aragon
Religion
Catholicism

Tables

· External links
Regnal titles
Regnal titles
Mary I of England Tudor dynastyBorn: 18 February 1516 Died: 17 November 1558
Regnal titles
Preceded byEdward VI or Jane
Preceded byEdward VI or Jane
Mary I of England Tudor dynastyBorn: 18 February 1516 Died: 17 November 1558
Preceded byEdward VI or Jane
Mary I of England Tudor dynastyBorn: 18 February 1516 Died: 17 November 1558
Queen of England and Ireland 1553–1558with Philip (1554–1558)
Mary I of England Tudor dynastyBorn: 18 February 1516 Died: 17 November 1558
Succeeded byElizabeth I
Royal titles
Royal titles
Mary I of England Tudor dynastyBorn: 18 February 1516 Died: 17 November 1558
Royal titles
VacantTitle last held byIsabella of Portugal
VacantTitle last held byIsabella of Portugal
Mary I of England Tudor dynastyBorn: 18 February 1516 Died: 17 November 1558
VacantTitle last held byIsabella of Portugal
Mary I of England Tudor dynastyBorn: 18 February 1516 Died: 17 November 1558
Queen consort of NaplesDuchess consort of Milan 1554–1558
Mary I of England Tudor dynastyBorn: 18 February 1516 Died: 17 November 1558
VacantTitle next held byElisabeth of France
Queen consort of Spain, Sardinia and SicilyDuchess consort of Burgundy 1556–1558
Queen consort of Spain, Sardinia and SicilyDuchess consort of Burgundy 1556–1558
Mary I of England Tudor dynastyBorn: 18 February 1516 Died: 17 November 1558
Queen consort of Spain, Sardinia and SicilyDuchess consort of Burgundy 1556–1558
Mary I of England Tudor dynastyBorn: 18 February 1516 Died: 17 November 1558
Regnal titles
Preceded byEdward VI or Jane
Queen of England and Ireland 1553–1558with Philip (1554–1558)
Succeeded byElizabeth I
Royal titles
VacantTitle last held byIsabella of Portugal
Queen consort of NaplesDuchess consort of Milan 1554–1558
VacantTitle next held byElisabeth of France
Queen consort of Spain, Sardinia and SicilyDuchess consort of Burgundy 1556–1558

References

  1. Edward VI died on 6 July. Mary was proclaimed his successor in London on 19 July; sources differ on whether her regnal y
  2. Although he was in deacon's orders and prominent in the church, Pole was not ordained until the day before his consecrat
  3. Weir (p. 160)
  4. Sweet and Maxwell's (p. 28)
  5. Loades, pp. 12–13; Weir, pp. 152–153.
  6. Porter, p. 13; Waller, p. 16; Whitelock, p. 7.
  7. Porter, pp. 13, 37; Waller, p. 17.
  8. Porter, p. 13; Waller, p. 17; Whitelock, p. 7.
  9. Loades, p. 28; Porter, p. 15.
  10. Loades, p. 29; Porter, p. 16; Waller, p. 20; Whitelock, p. 21.
  11. Hoyle, p. 407.
  12. Whitelock, p. 23.
  13. Whitelock, p. 27.
  14. Loades, pp. 19–20; Porter, p. 21.
  15. Loades, p. 31; Porter, p. 30.
  16. Porter, p. 28; Whitelock, p. 27.
  17. Loades, pp. 32, 43.
  18. Domine Orator, per Deum immortalem, ista puella nunquam plorat, quoted in Whitelock, p. 17.
  19. Catherine of Aragon, Henry's Spanish Queen
  20. Tittler, p. 1.
  21. Loades, p. 37; Porter, pp. 38–39; Whitelock, pp. 32–33.
  22. Porter, pp. 38–39; Whitelock, pp. 32–33.
  23. Waller, p. 23.
  24. Loades, pp. 41–42, 45.
  25. Porter, pp. 20–21; Waller, pp. 20–21; Whitelock, pp. 18–23.
  26. Loades, pp. 22–23; Porter, pp. 21–24; Waller, p. 21; Whitelock, p. 23.
  27. Whitelock, pp. 30–31.
  28. Whitelock, pp. 36–37.
  29. Whitelock, pp. 37–38.
  30. State Papers Henry VIII
  31. Mario Savorgnano, 25 August 1531, in Calendar of State Papers, Venetian, vol. IV, p. 682, quoted in Loades, p. 63.
  32. Porter, pp. 56, 78; Whitelock, p. 40.
  33. Waller, p. 27.
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  37. Loades, p. 78; Whitelock, p. 57.
  38. Porter, pp. 97–101; Whitelock, pp. 55–69.
  39. Dr William Butts, quoted in Waller, p. 31.
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  43. Letter from Emperor Charles V to Empress Isabella, quoted in Whitelock, p. 75.
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  46. Porter, p. 121; Waller, p. 33; Whitelock, p. 81.
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  48. Porter, pp. 119–123; Waller, pp. 34–36; Whitelock, pp. 90–91.
  49. Loades, p. 105.
  50. Madden, F. (ed.) (1831) The Privy Purse Expenses of the Princess Mary, quoted in Loades, p. 111.
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  54. Loades, p. 114; Porter, pp. 126–127; Whitelock, pp. 95–96.
  55. "Mary I"
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  57. Loades, pp. 126–127; Whitelock, p. 101.
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  59. Whitelock, p. 105.
  60. Whitelock, pp. 105–106.
  61. Loades, p. 122; Porter, p. 137.
  62. Contemporary Spanish and English reports, quoted in Whitelock, p. 108.
  63. Porter, p. 143.
  64. Waller, p. 37.
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  85. Bucholz and Key, p. 112
  86. Waller, pp. 59–60; Whitelock, pp. 185–186.
  87. Whitelock, p. 182.
  88. Whitelock, p. 183.
  89. Music and Letters
    https://doi.org/10.1093/ml/gcp091
  90. Music and Letters
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  91. Porter, pp. 257–261; Whitelock, pp. 195–197.
  92. Froude (1910, p. 23)
  93. The Historical Journal
    https://www.jstor.org/stable/40264190
  94. Weikel (1980, p. 53)
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  96. Porter, p. 310.
  97. Heard (2000, pp. 46, 48)
  98. Heard (2000, pp. 48, 49)
  99. Fletcher (1970, p. 86)
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  102. Alexander Samson, Mary and Philip: The marriage of Tudor England and Habsburg Spain (Manchester, 2020), p. 70.
  103. Loades (1999, pp. 190–191)
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  105. Porter, p. 300; Waller, pp. 74–75; Whitelock, p. 216.
  106. Tittler, pp. 24–27.
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  112. Letter of 29 July 1554 in the Calendar of State Papers, Spanish, volume XIII, quoted in Porter, p. 320 and Whitelock, p.
  113. Alexander Samson, Mary and Philip: The marriage of Tudor England and Habsburg Spain (Manchester, 2020), pp. 71–73.
  114. Porter, pp. 321, 324; Waller, p. 90; Whitelock, p. 238.
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  118. Loades, pp. 234–235.
  119. Tallis: Missa Puer natus est nobis & other sacred music
    https://www.hyperion-records.co.uk/dc.asp?dc=D_CDA68026
  120. Tallis: The Tallis Christmas Mass
    https://www.hyperion-records.co.uk/dc.asp?dc=D_CDGIM034&utm_board=gimell&utm_linkurl=tallisscholars.lnk.to/thomas-tallis-missa-puer-natus-est-nobis
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  122. Waller, p. 96.
  123. "The queen's pregnancy turns out not to have been as certain as we thought": Letter of 25 April 1554, quoted in Porter,
  124. Loades, p. 32.
  125. Waller, p. 95; Whitelock, p. 256.
  126. Whitelock, pp. 257–259.
  127. Whitelock, p. 258.
  128. Waller, p. 97; Whitelock, p. 259.
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  130. Porter, p. 342.
  131. Waller, pp. 98–99; Whitelock, p. 268.
  132. Antoine de Noailles quoted in Whitelock, p. 269.
  133. Whitelock, p. 284.
  134. The Sixteenth Century Journal
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  141. Solly, Meilan. "The Myth of 'Bloody Mary'". Smithsonian Magazine. 12 March 2020.
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  143. Loades, p. 325; Porter, pp. 355–356; Waller, pp. 104–105.
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  148. Waller, pp. 101, 103, 105; Whitelock, p. 266.
  149. See for example, the Oxford Martyrs.
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  153. Tittler, p. 35
  154. Morgan Ring, So High A Blood: The Life of Margaret Countess of Lennox (Bloomsbury, 2017), p. 110.
  155. Porter 2007, pp. 251–252
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  160. Whitelock, pp. 293–295.
  161. "Spain: August 1557"
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  179. Letter from the King of Spain to the Princess of Portugal, 4 December 1558, in Calendar of State Papers, Spanish, volume
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  189. Epitaph plaque, tomb of Sir John Throckmorton, Coughton Church, Warwickshire.
  190. English polyphonic style in transition: a study of the sacred music of Thomas Tallis
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  192. The Reckoned Expense: Edmund Campion and the Early English Jesuits
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  205. Previte-Orton, p. 902.
  206. Whitelock, p. 242.
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