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Mary, mother of Jesus

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Mary, mother of Jesus

Mary was a first-century Jewish woman of Nazareth, the wife of Joseph and the mother of Jesus. She is an important figure of Christianity, venerated under various titles such as virgin or queen, many of them mentioned in the Litany of Loreto. The Eastern and Oriental Orthodox, Catholic, Evangelical Lutheran, Reformed, Anglican, Methodist and Baptist churches believe that Mary, as mother of Jesus, is the Mother of God. The Church of the East historically regarded her as Christotokos, a term still used in Assyrian Church of the East liturgy. She has the highest position in Islam among all women and is mentioned numerous times in the Quran, including in a chapter named after her. She is also revered in the Baháʼí Faith and the Druze Faith. The synoptic Gospels name Mary as the mother of Jesus. The gospels of Matthew and Luke describe Mary as a virgin who was chosen by God to conceive Jesus through the Holy Spirit. After giving birth to Jesus in Bethlehem, she and her husband Joseph raised him in the city of Nazareth in Galilee, and she was in Jerusalem at his crucifixion and with the apostles after his ascension. Although her later life is not accounted in the Bible; Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, and some Protestant traditions believe that her body was raised into heaven at the end of her earthly life, which is known in Western Christianity as the Assumption of Mary and in Eastern Christianity as the Dormition of the Mother of God. Mary has been venerated since early Christianity, and is often considered to be the holiest and greatest saint. There is a certain diversity in the Mariology and devotional practices of major Christian traditions. The Catholic Church and some Oriental Orthodox Churches hold distinctive Marian dogmas, namely her Immaculate Conception and her bodily Assumption into heaven. Many Protestants hold various views of Mary's role that they perceive as being in accordance with the Scriptures. The Confessions of the Lutheran Churches have taught the three Marian dogmas of the virgin birth, Theotokos, and perpetual virginity. The multiple forms of Marian devotions include various prayers and hymns, the celebration of several Marian feast days in liturgy, the veneration of images and relics, the construction of churches dedicated to her and pilgrimages to Marian shrines. Many Marian apparitions and miracles attributed to her intercession have been reported by believers over the centuries. She has been a traditional subject in arts, notably in Byzantine art, medieval art and Renaissance art.

Infobox

Born
c. 18 BC[a]Herodian Judea
Died
After c. 33 ADJerusalem, Province of Judaea, Roman Empireor Ephesus, Province of Asia, Roman Empire
Spouse
Joseph
Children
Jesus
Parent(s)
Joachim and Anne (according to some apocryphal writings)

Tables

· Religious perspectives › Christian › Catholic
Virgin birth of Jesus
Virgin birth of Jesus
Doctrine
Virgin birth of Jesus
Church action
First Council of Nicaea, 325
Accepted by
Catholics, Eastern Orthodox, Oriental Orthodox, Assyrians, Lutherans, Anglicans, Baptists and other Protestants
Mother of God
Mother of God
Doctrine
Mother of God
Church action
First Council of Ephesus, 431
Accepted by
Catholics, Eastern Orthodox, Oriental Orthodox, Lutherans, Anglicans, Methodists, some Evangelicals.
Perpetual Virginity
Perpetual Virginity
Doctrine
Perpetual Virginity
Church action
Second Ecumenical Council of Constantinople, 553
Accepted by
Catholics, Eastern Orthodox, Oriental Orthodox, Assyrians, many Lutherans, some Anglicans
Immaculate Conception
Immaculate Conception
Doctrine
Immaculate Conception
Church action
Ineffabilis Deus encyclicalPope Pius IX, 1854
Accepted by
Catholics, some Oriental Orthodox, some Anglicans, some Lutherans (early Martin Luther)
Assumption of Mary
Assumption of Mary
Doctrine
Assumption of Mary
Church action
Munificentissimus Deus encyclicalPope Pius XII, 1950
Accepted by
Catholics, Eastern and Oriental Orthodox (only following her natural death), some Lutherans, some Anglicans
Doctrine
Church action
Accepted by
Virgin birth of Jesus
First Council of Nicaea, 325
Catholics, Eastern Orthodox, Oriental Orthodox, Assyrians, Lutherans, Anglicans, Baptists and other Protestants
Mother of God
First Council of Ephesus, 431
Catholics, Eastern Orthodox, Oriental Orthodox, Lutherans, Anglicans, Methodists, some Evangelicals.
Perpetual Virginity
Second Ecumenical Council of Constantinople, 553
Catholics, Eastern Orthodox, Oriental Orthodox, Assyrians, many Lutherans, some Anglicans
Immaculate Conception
Ineffabilis Deus encyclicalPope Pius IX, 1854
Catholics, some Oriental Orthodox, some Anglicans, some Lutherans (early Martin Luther)
Assumption of Mary
Munificentissimus Deus encyclicalPope Pius XII, 1950
Catholics, Eastern and Oriental Orthodox (only following her natural death), some Lutherans, some Anglicans

References

  1. Per the Jewish customs surrounding marriage at the time, and the apocryphal Gospel of James, Mary, at the time of her be
  2. Hebrew: מִרְיָם, romanized: Mīryām; Classical Syriac: ܡܪܝܡ, romanized: Maryam; Arabic: مريم, romanized: Maryam; Ancient
  3. Ancient Greek: παρθένος, romanized: "parthénos"; Matthew 1:23 uses the Greek parthénos, "virgin", whereas only the Hebre
  4. See Sabine R. Huebner's succinct analysis of the issue: "Jesus is described as the 'first-born son' of Mary in Mt 1:25 a
  5. To give a few examples, Our Lady of Good Counsel, Our Lady of Navigators, and Our Lady Undoer of Knots fit this descript
  6. This event is described by some Christians as the Annunciation.
  7. The historicity of this census' relationship to the birth of Jesus continues to be one of scholarly disagreement; see, f
  8. Alternately: "It cannot even be denied that God conferred the highest honour on Mary, by choosing and appointing her to
  9. See the following verses: 5:114, 5:116, 7:158, 9:31, 17:57, 17:104, 18:102, 19:16, 19:17, 19:18, 19:20, 19:22, 19:24, 19
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