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Bambara serves as a lingua franca spoken by around 80% of the population.
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Includes Christianity, no religion, and traditional African religions.
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/ˈmɑːli/ ⓘ; .mw- .mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw- Bambara pronunciation: [ma.li]N'Ko script: ߡߊߟߌFula
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Bambara: Mali ka Fasojamana, N'Ko script: ߡߊߟߌ ߞߊ ߝߊߛߏߖߊߡߊߣߊFula: 𞤈𞤫𞤲𞥆𞤣𞤢𞥄𞤲𞤣𞤭 𞤃𞤢𞥄𞤤𞤭, romanized: Renndaandi
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