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Major League Soccer

Updated: Wikipedia source

Major League Soccer

Major League Soccer (MLS) is a professional soccer league in North America and the highest level of the United States soccer league system. It comprises 30 teams, with 27 in the United States and 3 in Canada, and is sanctioned by the United States Soccer Federation. MLS is one of the major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada. The league is headquartered in Midtown Manhattan. The predecessor of MLS was the North American Soccer League (NASL), which existed from 1968 until 1984. MLS was founded in 1993 as part of the United States' successful bid to host the 1994 FIFA World Cup. The inaugural season took place in 1996 with ten teams. MLS experienced financial and operational struggles in its first few years, losing millions of dollars and folding two teams in 2002. Since then, developments such as the proliferation of soccer-specific stadiums around the league, the implementation of the Designated Player Rule allowing teams to sign star players such as David Beckham and Lionel Messi, and national TV contracts have made MLS profitable. In 2022, with an average attendance of over 21,000 per match, MLS had the fourth-highest average attendance of the major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada, behind the National Football League (NFL) with over 69,000 fans per game, Major League Baseball (MLB) with over 26,000 fans per game, and the Canadian Football League (CFL) with over 21,700 fans per game. With an average attendance of approximately 23,200 per match in 2024, MLS surpassed the CFL's 22,800 and rose to be the third-highest average attendance of the major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada. The MLS regular season typically starts in late February and runs through mid-October, with each team playing 34 matches; the team with the best record is awarded the Supporters' Shield. Eighteen teams compete in the postseason MLS Cup playoffs in late October and November, culminating in the league's championship match, the MLS Cup. Instead of operating as an association of independently owned clubs, MLS is a single entity in which each team is owned by the league and individually operated by the league's investors. The league has a fixed membership like most sports leagues in the United States and Canada and Mexico's Liga MX which makes it one of the few soccer leagues that does not use a promotion and relegation process. The LA Galaxy have the most MLS Cups, with six. They are tied with D.C. United for most Supporters' Shields, with four each. The Philadelphia Union are the current Supporters' Shield holders, having won their second title in 2025, while the current MLS Cup champion is Inter Miami CF, winning their first title in 2025.

Infobox

Founded
December 17, 1993; 32 years ago (1993-12-17)
First season
1996
Countries
United States (27 teams)Canada (3 teams)
Confederation
CONCACAF
Conferences
Eastern ConferenceWestern Conference
Number of clubs
30
Level on pyramid
1
Domestic cup(s)
U.S. Open CupCanadian Championship
International cup(s)
CONCACAF Champions CupCampeones CupLeagues Cup
Current MLS Cup
Inter Miami CF (1st title) (2025)
Current Supporters' Shield
Philadelphia Union (2nd shield) (2025)
Most MLS Cups
LA Galaxy(6 titles)
Most Supporters' Shields
D.C. UnitedLA Galaxy(4 shields each)
Most appearances
Nick Rimando (514)
Top scorer
Chris Wondolowski (171)
Broadcaster(s)
MLS Season United States:Fox/FS1Fox Deportes[A]Canada:TSNRDS[B]International:See list
Website
mlssoccer.com

Tables

Overview of MLS clubs · Clubs
Eastern
Eastern
Conference
Eastern
Club
Atlanta United FC
Location
Atlanta, Georgia
Stadium
Mercedes-Benz Stadium1
Capacity
42,5002
Joined
2017
Head coach
Gerardo Martino
Charlotte FC
Charlotte FC
Conference
Charlotte FC
Club
Charlotte, North Carolina
Location
Bank of America Stadium1
Stadium
38,0002
Capacity
2022
Joined
Dean Smith
Chicago Fire FC
Chicago Fire FC
Conference
Chicago Fire FC
Club
Chicago, Illinois
Location
Soldier Field1
Stadium
24,9952
Capacity
1998
Joined
Gregg Berhalter
FC Cincinnati
FC Cincinnati
Conference
FC Cincinnati
Club
Cincinnati, Ohio
Location
TQL Stadium
Stadium
26,000
Capacity
2019
Joined
Pat Noonan
Columbus Crew
Columbus Crew
Conference
Columbus Crew
Club
Columbus, Ohio
Location
ScottsMiracle-Gro Field
Stadium
20,000
Capacity
1996
Joined
Vacant
D.C. United
D.C. United
Conference
D.C. United
Club
Washington, D.C.
Location
Audi Field
Stadium
20,000
Capacity
1996
Joined
René Weiler
Inter Miami CF
Inter Miami CF
Conference
Inter Miami CF
Club
Fort Lauderdale, Florida
Location
Chase Stadium
Stadium
21,550
Capacity
2020
Joined
Javier Mascherano
CF Montréal
CF Montréal
Conference
CF Montréal
Club
Montreal, Quebec
Location
Saputo Stadium
Stadium
19,619
Capacity
2012
Joined
Marco Donadel
Nashville SC
Nashville SC
Conference
Nashville SC
Club
Nashville, Tennessee
Location
Geodis Park
Stadium
30,000
Capacity
2020
Joined
B.J. Callaghan
New England Revolution
New England Revolution
Conference
New England Revolution
Club
Foxborough, Massachusetts
Location
Gillette Stadium1
Stadium
20,0002
Capacity
1996
Joined
Marko Mitrović
New York City FC
New York City FC
Conference
New York City FC
Club
New York, New York
Location
Yankee Stadium1
Stadium
30,3212
Capacity
2015
Joined
Pascal Jansen
New York Red Bulls
New York Red Bulls
Conference
New York Red Bulls
Club
Harrison, New Jersey
Location
Sports Illustrated Stadium
Stadium
25,000
Capacity
1996
Joined
Vacant
Orlando City SC
Orlando City SC
Conference
Orlando City SC
Club
Orlando, Florida
Location
Inter&Co Stadium
Stadium
25,500
Capacity
2015
Joined
Óscar Pareja
Philadelphia Union
Philadelphia Union
Conference
Philadelphia Union
Club
Chester, Pennsylvania
Location
Subaru Park
Stadium
18,500
Capacity
2010
Joined
Bradley Carnell
Toronto FC
Toronto FC
Conference
Toronto FC
Club
Toronto, Ontario
Location
BMO Field
Stadium
28,351
Capacity
2007
Joined
Robin Fraser
Western
Western
Conference
Western
Club
Austin FC
Location
Austin, Texas
Stadium
Q2 Stadium
Capacity
20,500
Joined
2021
Head coach
Nico Estévez
Colorado Rapids
Colorado Rapids
Conference
Colorado Rapids
Club
Commerce City, Colorado
Location
Dick's Sporting Goods Park
Stadium
18,061
Capacity
1996
Joined
Vacant
FC Dallas
FC Dallas
Conference
FC Dallas
Club
Frisco, Texas
Location
Toyota Stadium
Stadium
19,096
Capacity
1996
Joined
Eric Quill
Houston Dynamo FC
Houston Dynamo FC
Conference
Houston Dynamo FC
Club
Houston, Texas
Location
Shell Energy Stadium
Stadium
22,039
Capacity
2006
Joined
Ben Olsen
Sporting Kansas City
Sporting Kansas City
Conference
Sporting Kansas City
Club
Kansas City, Kansas
Location
Children's Mercy Park
Stadium
18,467
Capacity
1996
Joined
Vacant
LA Galaxy
LA Galaxy
Conference
LA Galaxy
Club
Carson, California
Location
Dignity Health Sports Park
Stadium
27,000
Capacity
1996
Joined
Greg Vanney
Los Angeles FC
Los Angeles FC
Conference
Los Angeles FC
Club
Los Angeles, California
Location
BMO Stadium
Stadium
22,000
Capacity
2018
Joined
Steve Cherundolo
Minnesota United FC
Minnesota United FC
Conference
Minnesota United FC
Club
Saint Paul, Minnesota
Location
Allianz Field
Stadium
19,400
Capacity
2017
Joined
Eric Ramsay
Portland Timbers
Portland Timbers
Conference
Portland Timbers
Club
Portland, Oregon
Location
Providence Park
Stadium
25,218
Capacity
2011
Joined
Phil Neville
Real Salt Lake
Real Salt Lake
Conference
Real Salt Lake
Club
Sandy, Utah
Location
America First Field
Stadium
20,213
Capacity
2005
Joined
Pablo Mastroeni
San Diego FC
San Diego FC
Conference
San Diego FC
Club
San Diego, California
Location
Snapdragon Stadium1
Stadium
35,000
Capacity
2025
Joined
Mikey Varas
San Jose Earthquakes
San Jose Earthquakes
Conference
San Jose Earthquakes
Club
San Jose, California
Location
PayPal Park
Stadium
18,000
Capacity
1996
Joined
Bruce Arena
Seattle Sounders FC
Seattle Sounders FC
Conference
Seattle Sounders FC
Club
Seattle, Washington
Location
Lumen Field1
Stadium
37,7222
Capacity
2009
Joined
Brian Schmetzer
St. Louis City SC
St. Louis City SC
Conference
St. Louis City SC
Club
St. Louis, Missouri
Location
Energizer Park
Stadium
22,423
Capacity
2023
Joined
David Critchley (interim)
Vancouver Whitecaps FC
Vancouver Whitecaps FC
Conference
Vancouver Whitecaps FC
Club
Vancouver, British Columbia
Location
BC Place1
Stadium
22,1202
Capacity
2011
Joined
Jesper Sørensen
Conference
Club
Location
Stadium
Capacity
Joined
Head coach
Eastern
Atlanta United FC
Atlanta, Georgia
Mercedes-Benz Stadium1
42,5002
2017
Gerardo Martino
Charlotte FC
Charlotte, North Carolina
Bank of America Stadium1
38,0002
2022
Dean Smith
Chicago Fire FC
Chicago, Illinois
Soldier Field1
24,9952
1998
Gregg Berhalter
FC Cincinnati
Cincinnati, Ohio
TQL Stadium
26,000
2019
Pat Noonan
Columbus Crew
Columbus, Ohio
ScottsMiracle-Gro Field
20,000
1996
Vacant
United
Washington, D.C.
Audi Field
20,000
1996
René Weiler
Inter Miami CF
Fort Lauderdale, Florida
Chase Stadium
21,550
2020
Javier Mascherano
CF Montréal
Montreal, Quebec
Saputo Stadium
19,619
2012
Marco Donadel
Nashville SC
Nashville, Tennessee
Geodis Park
30,000
2020
Callaghan
New England Revolution
Foxborough, Massachusetts
Gillette Stadium1
20,0002
1996
Marko Mitrović
New York City FC
New York, New York
Yankee Stadium1
30,3212
2015
Pascal Jansen
New York Red Bulls
Harrison, New Jersey
Sports Illustrated Stadium
25,000
1996
Vacant
Orlando City SC
Orlando, Florida
Inter&Co Stadium
25,500
2015
Óscar Pareja
Philadelphia Union
Chester, Pennsylvania
Subaru Park
18,500
2010
Bradley Carnell
Toronto FC
Toronto, Ontario
BMO Field
28,351
2007
Robin Fraser
Western
Austin FC
Austin, Texas
Q2 Stadium
20,500
2021
Nico Estévez
Colorado Rapids
Commerce City, Colorado
Dick's Sporting Goods Park
18,061
1996
Vacant
FC Dallas
Frisco, Texas
Toyota Stadium
19,096
1996
Eric Quill
Houston Dynamo FC
Houston, Texas
Shell Energy Stadium
22,039
2006
Ben Olsen
Sporting Kansas City
Kansas City, Kansas
Children's Mercy Park
18,467
1996
Vacant
LA Galaxy
Carson, California
Dignity Health Sports Park
27,000
1996
Greg Vanney
Los Angeles FC
Los Angeles, California
BMO Stadium
22,000
2018
Steve Cherundolo
Minnesota United FC
Saint Paul, Minnesota
Allianz Field
19,400
2017
Eric Ramsay
Portland Timbers
Portland, Oregon
Providence Park
25,218
2011
Phil Neville
Real Salt Lake
Sandy, Utah
America First Field
20,213
2005
Pablo Mastroeni
San Diego FC
San Diego, California
Snapdragon Stadium1
35,000
2025
Mikey Varas
San Jose Earthquakes
San Jose, California
PayPal Park
18,000
1996
Bruce Arena
Seattle Sounders FC
Seattle, Washington
Lumen Field1
37,7222
2009
Brian Schmetzer
St. Louis City SC
St. Louis, Missouri
Energizer Park
22,423
2023
David Critchley (interim)
Vancouver Whitecaps FC
Vancouver, British Columbia
BC Place1
22,1202
2011
Jesper Sørensen
· Clubs › Former clubs
Tampa Bay Mutiny
Tampa Bay Mutiny
Club
Tampa Bay Mutiny
Location
Tampa, Florida
Stadium
Raymond James Stadium1
Capacity
65,657
Joined
1996
Final season
2001
Miami Fusion
Miami Fusion
Club
Miami Fusion
Location
Fort Lauderdale, Florida
Stadium
Lockhart Stadium
Capacity
17,417
Joined
1998
Final season
2001
Chivas USA
Chivas USA
Club
Chivas USA
Location
Carson, California
Stadium
StubHub Center
Capacity
18,800
Joined
2005
Final season
2014
Club
Location
Stadium
Capacity
Joined
Final season
Tampa Bay Mutiny
Tampa, Florida
Raymond James Stadium1
65,657
1996
2001
Miami Fusion
Fort Lauderdale, Florida
Lockhart Stadium
17,417
1998
2001
Chivas USA
Carson, California
StubHub Center
18,800
2005
2014
MLS Cup titles and Supporters' Shield wins · League championships
LA Galaxy
LA Galaxy
Team
LA Galaxy
MLSCups
6
Years won
2002, 2005, 2011, 2012, 2014, 2024
Supporters'Shields
4
Years won
1998, 2002, 2010, 2011
Totalcombined
10
MLSseasons
30
D.C. United
D.C. United
Team
D.C. United
MLSCups
4
Years won
1996, 1997, 1999, 2004
Supporters'Shields
4
Years won
1997, 1999, 2006, 2007
Totalcombined
8
MLSseasons
30
Columbus Crew
Columbus Crew
Team
Columbus Crew
MLSCups
3
Years won
2008, 2020, 2023
Supporters'Shields
3
Years won
2004, 2008, 2009
Totalcombined
6
MLSseasons
30
San Jose Earthquakes
San Jose Earthquakes
Team
San Jose Earthquakes
MLSCups
2
Years won
2001, 2003
Supporters'Shields
2
Years won
2005, 2012
Totalcombined
4
MLSseasons
28
Sporting Kansas City
Sporting Kansas City
Team
Sporting Kansas City
MLSCups
2
Years won
2000, 2013
Supporters'Shields
1
Years won
2000
Totalcombined
3
MLSseasons
30
Seattle Sounders FC
Seattle Sounders FC
Team
Seattle Sounders FC
MLSCups
2
Years won
2016, 2019
Supporters'Shields
1
Years won
2014
Totalcombined
3
MLSseasons
17
Houston Dynamo FC
Houston Dynamo FC
Team
Houston Dynamo FC
MLSCups
2
Years won
2006, 2007
Supporters'Shields
0
Years won
Totalcombined
2
MLSseasons
20
Los Angeles FC
Los Angeles FC
Team
Los Angeles FC
MLSCups
1
Years won
2022
Supporters'Shields
2
Years won
2019, 2022
Totalcombined
3
MLSseasons
8
Chicago Fire FC
Chicago Fire FC
Team
Chicago Fire FC
MLSCups
1
Years won
1998
Supporters'Shields
1
Years won
2003
Totalcombined
2
MLSseasons
28
Toronto FC
Toronto FC
Team
Toronto FC
MLSCups
1
Years won
2017
Supporters'Shields
1
Years won
2017
Totalcombined
2
MLSseasons
19
Inter Miami CF
Inter Miami CF
Team
Inter Miami CF
MLSCups
1
Years won
2025
Supporters'Shields
1
Years won
2024
Totalcombined
2
MLSseasons
6
Real Salt Lake
Real Salt Lake
Team
Real Salt Lake
MLSCups
1
Years won
2009
Supporters'Shields
0
Years won
Totalcombined
1
MLSseasons
21
Colorado Rapids
Colorado Rapids
Team
Colorado Rapids
MLSCups
1
Years won
2010
Supporters'Shields
0
Years won
Totalcombined
1
MLSseasons
30
Portland Timbers
Portland Timbers
Team
Portland Timbers
MLSCups
1
Years won
2015
Supporters'Shields
0
Years won
Totalcombined
1
MLSseasons
15
Atlanta United FC
Atlanta United FC
Team
Atlanta United FC
MLSCups
1
Years won
2018
Supporters'Shields
0
Years won
Totalcombined
1
MLSseasons
9
New York City FC
New York City FC
Team
New York City FC
MLSCups
1
Years won
2021
Supporters'Shields
0
Years won
Totalcombined
1
MLSseasons
11
New York Red Bulls
New York Red Bulls
Team
New York Red Bulls
MLSCups
0
Years won
Supporters'Shields
3
Years won
2013, 2015, 2018
Totalcombined
3
MLSseasons
30
Philadelphia Union
Philadelphia Union
Team
Philadelphia Union
MLSCups
0
Years won
Supporters'Shields
2
Years won
2020, 2025
Totalcombined
2
MLSseasons
16
Tampa Bay Mutiny
Tampa Bay Mutiny
Team
Tampa Bay Mutiny
MLSCups
0
Years won
Supporters'Shields
1
Years won
1996
Totalcombined
1
MLSseasons
6
Miami Fusion
Miami Fusion
Team
Miami Fusion
MLSCups
0
Years won
Supporters'Shields
1
Years won
2001
Totalcombined
1
MLSseasons
4
FC Dallas
FC Dallas
Team
FC Dallas
MLSCups
0
Years won
Supporters'Shields
1
Years won
2016
Totalcombined
1
MLSseasons
30
New England Revolution
New England Revolution
Team
New England Revolution
MLSCups
0
Years won
Supporters'Shields
1
Years won
2021
Totalcombined
1
MLSseasons
30
FC Cincinnati
FC Cincinnati
Team
FC Cincinnati
MLSCups
0
Years won
Supporters'Shields
1
Years won
2023
Totalcombined
1
MLSseasons
7
Team
MLSCups
Years won
Supporters'Shields
Years won
Totalcombined
MLSseasons
LA Galaxy
6
2002, 2005, 2011, 2012, 2014, 2024
4
1998, 2002, 2010, 2011
10
30
United
4
1996, 1997, 1999, 2004
4
1997, 1999, 2006, 2007
8
30
Columbus Crew
3
2008, 2020, 2023
3
2004, 2008, 2009
6
30
San Jose Earthquakes
2
2001, 2003
2
2005, 2012
4
28
Sporting Kansas City
2
2000, 2013
1
2000
3
30
Seattle Sounders FC
2
2016, 2019
1
2014
3
17
Houston Dynamo FC
2
2006, 2007
0
2
20
Los Angeles FC
1
2022
2
2019, 2022
3
8
Chicago Fire FC
1
1998
1
2003
2
28
Toronto FC
1
2017
1
2017
2
19
Inter Miami CF
1
2025
1
2024
2
6
Real Salt Lake
1
2009
0
1
21
Colorado Rapids
1
2010
0
1
30
Portland Timbers
1
2015
0
1
15
Atlanta United FC
1
2018
0
1
9
New York City FC
1
2021
0
1
11
New York Red Bulls
0
3
2013, 2015, 2018
3
30
Philadelphia Union
0
2
2020, 2025
2
16
Tampa Bay Mutiny
0
1
1996
1
6
Miami Fusion
0
1
2001
1
4
FC Dallas
0
1
2016
1
30
New England Revolution
0
1
2021
1
30
FC Cincinnati
0
1
2023
1
7
Average franchise valuations · Organization › Profitability and revenues
2008
2008
Year
2008
Value
$37 million
2013
2013
Year
2013
Value
$103 million
2015
2015
Year
2015
Value
$157 million
2016
2016
Year
2016
Value
$185 million
2017
2017
Year
2017
Value
$223 million
2018
2018
Year
2018
Value
$240 million
2019
2019
Year
2019
Value
$313 million
2021
2021
Year
2021
Value
$550 million
2022
2022
Year
2022
Value
$582 million
2023
2023
Year
2023
Value
$678 million
2025
2025
Year
2025
Value
$721 million
Year
Value
2008
$37 million
2013
$103 million
2015
$157 million
2016
$185 million
2017
$223 million
2018
$240 million
2019
$313 million
2021
$550 million
2022
$582 million
2023
$678 million
2025
$721 million
Jersey sponsorships · Organization › Profitability and revenues
Atlanta United FC
Atlanta United FC
Team
Atlanta United FC
Sponsor
AmFam (game – main)Emory Healthcare (game – sleeve)
Annual value
Undisclosed
Austin FC
Austin FC
Team
Austin FC
Sponsor
Yeti (game – main)Siete Foods (game – sleeve) St. David's Healthcare (prematch)
Annual value
Undisclosed
Charlotte FC
Charlotte FC
Team
Charlotte FC
Sponsor
Ally (game – main)Rugs.com (game – sleeve)
Annual value
Undisclosed
Chicago Fire FC
Chicago Fire FC
Team
Chicago Fire FC
Sponsor
Carvana (game – main) Magellan Corporation (game - sleeve)
Annual value
Undisclosed
FC Cincinnati
FC Cincinnati
Team
FC Cincinnati
Sponsor
Mercy Health (game – main)Kroger (game – sleeve)
Annual value
Undisclosed
Colorado Rapids
Colorado Rapids
Team
Colorado Rapids
Sponsor
UCHealth (game – main)
Annual value
Undisclosed
Columbus Crew
Columbus Crew
Team
Columbus Crew
Sponsor
Nationwide (game – main)DHL (game – sleeve)Ohio Health (prematch)
Annual value
$3 million
D.C. United
D.C. United
Team
D.C. United
Sponsor
Guidehouse (game – main)The Fruitist (game - sleeve)
Annual value
Undisclosed
FC Dallas
FC Dallas
Team
FC Dallas
Sponsor
Children's Health (game - main)UT Southwestern (game – main)AdvoCare (game – sleeve)
Annual value
Undisclosed
Houston Dynamo FC
Houston Dynamo FC
Team
Houston Dynamo FC
Sponsor
MD Anderson Cancer Center (game – main)
Annual value
Undisclosed
Inter Miami CF
Inter Miami CF
Team
Inter Miami CF
Sponsor
Royal Caribbean (game – main)Fracht Group (game – sleeve)AutoNation (prematch)
Annual value
Undisclosed
LA Galaxy
LA Galaxy
Team
LA Galaxy
Sponsor
Herbalife (game – main)RBC (game – sleeve)
Annual value
$4.4 million
Los Angeles FC
Los Angeles FC
Team
Los Angeles FC
Sponsor
Bank of Montreal (game – main)Ford (game – sleeve)Rockstar (prematch)
Annual value
Undisclosed
Minnesota United FC
Minnesota United FC
Team
Minnesota United FC
Sponsor
Target (game – main)NutriSource (game – sleeve)Blue Cross and Blue Shield of Minnesota (prematch)
Annual value
Undisclosed
CF Montréal
CF Montréal
Team
CF Montréal
Sponsor
Bank of Montreal (game – main)Telus (game – sleeve)
Annual value
US$4 million
Nashville SC
Nashville SC
Team
Nashville SC
Sponsor
Renasant (game – main)Hyundai (game – sleeve)Vanderbilt Health (prematch)
Annual value
Undisclosed
New England Revolution
New England Revolution
Team
New England Revolution
Sponsor
UnitedHealthcare (game – main)Socios.com (prematch)
Annual value
Undisclosed
New York City FC
New York City FC
Team
New York City FC
Sponsor
Etihad Airways (game – main)Judi Health (fka. Capital Rx) (game – sleeve)NewYork–Presbyterian Hospital (prematch)
Annual value
Undisclosed
New York Red Bulls
New York Red Bulls
Team
New York Red Bulls
Sponsor
Red Bull (game – main)Oanda (game – sleeve)
Annual value
Owns club
Orlando City SC
Orlando City SC
Team
Orlando City SC
Sponsor
Orlando Health (game – main)
Annual value
Undisclosed
Philadelphia Union
Philadelphia Union
Team
Philadelphia Union
Sponsor
Bimbo Bakeries USA (game – main)Independence Blue Cross (game – sleeve)
Annual value
$3 million
Portland Timbers
Portland Timbers
Team
Portland Timbers
Sponsor
Tillamook (game – main)Dutch Brothers Coffee (prematch)
Annual value
Undisclosed
Real Salt Lake
Real Salt Lake
Team
Real Salt Lake
Sponsor
Select Health (game – main)Intermountain Health (game – sleeve)
Annual value
Undisclosed
San Diego FC
San Diego FC
Team
San Diego FC
Sponsor
DirecTV (game – main)
Annual value
Undisclosed
San Jose Earthquakes
San Jose Earthquakes
Team
San Jose Earthquakes
Sponsor
El Camino Health (game – main)Habbas Law (game – sleeve)Udemy (prematch)
Annual value
Undisclosed
Seattle Sounders FC
Seattle Sounders FC
Team
Seattle Sounders FC
Sponsor
Providence (game – main)Emerald Queen Casino (game – sleeve)CHI Franciscan (prematch)
Annual value
Undisclosed
Sporting Kansas City
Sporting Kansas City
Team
Sporting Kansas City
Sponsor
Compass Minerals (game – main)
Annual value
Undisclosed
St. Louis City SC
St. Louis City SC
Team
St. Louis City SC
Sponsor
Purina (game – main)BJC HealthCare (game – sleeve)
Annual value
Undisclosed
Toronto FC
Toronto FC
Team
Toronto FC
Sponsor
Bank of Montreal (game – main) LG (game – sleeve)
Annual value
C$4 million+
Vancouver Whitecaps FC
Vancouver Whitecaps FC
Team
Vancouver Whitecaps FC
Sponsor
Telus (game – main) BLG (game - sleeve)
Annual value
Undisclosed
Team
Sponsor
Annual value
Atlanta United FC
AmFam (game – main)Emory Healthcare (game – sleeve)
Undisclosed
Austin FC
Yeti (game – main)Siete Foods (game – sleeve) St. David's Healthcare (prematch)
Undisclosed
Charlotte FC
Ally (game – main)Rugs.com (game – sleeve)
Undisclosed
Chicago Fire FC
Carvana (game – main) Magellan Corporation (game - sleeve)
Undisclosed
FC Cincinnati
Mercy Health (game – main)Kroger (game – sleeve)
Undisclosed
Colorado Rapids
UCHealth (game – main)
Undisclosed
Columbus Crew
Nationwide (game – main)DHL (game – sleeve)Ohio Health (prematch)
$3 million
United
Guidehouse (game – main)The Fruitist (game - sleeve)
Undisclosed
FC Dallas
Children's Health (game - main)UT Southwestern (game – main)AdvoCare (game – sleeve)
Undisclosed
Houston Dynamo FC
MD Anderson Cancer Center (game – main)
Undisclosed
Inter Miami CF
Royal Caribbean (game – main)Fracht Group (game – sleeve)AutoNation (prematch)
Undisclosed
LA Galaxy
Herbalife (game – main)RBC (game – sleeve)
million
Los Angeles FC
Bank of Montreal (game – main)Ford (game – sleeve)Rockstar (prematch)
Undisclosed
Minnesota United FC
Target (game – main)NutriSource (game – sleeve)Blue Cross and Blue Shield of Minnesota (prematch)
Undisclosed
CF Montréal
Bank of Montreal (game – main)Telus (game – sleeve)
US$4 million
Nashville SC
Renasant (game – main)Hyundai (game – sleeve)Vanderbilt Health (prematch)
Undisclosed
New England Revolution
UnitedHealthcare (game – main)Socios.com (prematch)
Undisclosed
New York City FC
Etihad Airways (game – main)Judi Health (fka. Capital Rx) (game – sleeve)NewYork–Presbyterian Hospital (prematch)
Undisclosed
New York Red Bulls
Red Bull (game – main)Oanda (game – sleeve)
Owns club
Orlando City SC
Orlando Health (game – main)
Undisclosed
Philadelphia Union
Bimbo Bakeries USA (game – main)Independence Blue Cross (game – sleeve)
$3 million
Portland Timbers
Tillamook (game – main)Dutch Brothers Coffee (prematch)
Undisclosed
Real Salt Lake
Select Health (game – main)Intermountain Health (game – sleeve)
Undisclosed
San Diego FC
DirecTV (game – main)
Undisclosed
San Jose Earthquakes
El Camino Health (game – main)Habbas Law (game – sleeve)Udemy (prematch)
Undisclosed
Seattle Sounders FC
Providence (game – main)Emerald Queen Casino (game – sleeve)CHI Franciscan (prematch)
Undisclosed
Sporting Kansas City
Compass Minerals (game – main)
Undisclosed
St. Louis City SC
Purina (game – main)BJC HealthCare (game – sleeve)
Undisclosed
Toronto FC
Bank of Montreal (game – main) LG (game – sleeve)
C$4 million+
Vancouver Whitecaps FC
Telus (game – main) BLG (game - sleeve)
Undisclosed
Goals
1
1
Rank
1
Player
Chris Wondolowski
Years
2005–2021
Goals
171
2
2
Rank
2
Player
Kei Kamara
Years
2006–2013 2015–20202022–present
Goals
147
3
3
Rank
3
Player
Landon Donovan
Years
2001–20142016
Goals
145
4
4
Rank
4
Player
Jeff Cunningham
Years
1998–2011
Goals
134
5
5
Rank
5
Player
Jaime Moreno
Years
1996–2010
Goals
133
6
6
Rank
6
Player
Josef Martínez
Years
2017–present
Goals
130
7
7
Rank
7
Player
Bradley Wright-Phillips
Years
2013–2021
Goals
117
8
8
Rank
8
Player
Ante Razov
Years
1996–20002001–2009
Goals
114
9
9
Rank
9
Player
Jason Kreis
Years
1996–2007
Goals
108
10
10
Rank
10
Player
Gyasi Zardes
Years
2013–2024
Goals
106
Rank
Player
Years
Goals
1
Chris Wondolowski
2005–2021
171
2
Kei Kamara
2006–2013 2015–20202022–present
147
3
Landon Donovan
2001–20142016
145
4
Jeff Cunningham
1998–2011
134
5
Jaime Moreno
1996–2010
133
6
Josef Martínez
2017–present
130
7
Bradley Wright-Phillips
2013–2021
117
8
Ante Razov
1996–20002001–2009
114
9
Jason Kreis
1996–2007
108
10
Gyasi Zardes
2013–2024
106
Assists
1
1
Rank
1
Player
Landon Donovan
Years
2001–20142016
Assists
136
2
2
Rank
2
Player
Steve Ralston
Years
1996–2010
Assists
135
3
3
Rank
3
Player
Brad Davis
Years
2002–2016
Assists
123
4
4
Rank
4
Player
Carlos Valderrama
Years
1996–2002
Assists
114
5
5
Rank
5
Player
Preki
Years
1996–2005
Assists
112
6
6
Rank
6
Player
Jaime Moreno
Years
1996–2010
Assists
102
7
7
Rank
7
Player
Marco Etcheverry
Years
1996–2003
Assists
101
8
8
Rank
8
Player
Sacha Kljestan
Years
2006–20102015–2022
Assists
99
9
9
Rank
9
Player
Cobi Jones
Years
1996–2007
Assists
91
Diego Valeri
Diego Valeri
Rank
Diego Valeri
Player
2013–2021
Rank
Player
Years
Assists
1
Landon Donovan
2001–20142016
136
2
Steve Ralston
1996–2010
135
3
Brad Davis
2002–2016
123
4
Carlos Valderrama
1996–2002
114
5
Preki
1996–2005
112
6
Jaime Moreno
1996–2010
102
7
Marco Etcheverry
1996–2003
101
8
Sacha Kljestan
2006–20102015–2022
99
9
Cobi Jones
1996–2007
91
Diego Valeri
2013–2021
Shutouts (clean sheets)
1
1
Rank
1
Player
Nick Rimando
Years
2000–2019
Shutouts
154
2
2
Rank
2
Player
Kevin Hartman
Years
1997–2013
Shutouts
112
3
3
Rank
3
Player
Stefan Frei
Years
2009–present
Shutouts
105
4
4
Rank
4
Player
Sean Johnson
Years
2010–present
Shutouts
96
5
5
Rank
5
Player
Joe Cannon
Years
1999–2013
Shutouts
86
6
6
Rank
6
Player
Jon Busch
Years
2002–2015
Shutouts
83
7
7
Rank
7
Player
Bill Hamid
Years
2009–2022
Shutouts
80
8
8
Rank
8
Player
Brad Guzan
Years
2012–2025
Shutouts
78
9
9
Rank
9
Player
Zach Thornton
Years
1996–2011
Shutouts
76
10
10
Rank
10
Player
Matt Reis
Years
1998–2013
Shutouts
75
Rank
Player
Years
Shutouts
1
Nick Rimando
2000–2019
154
2
Kevin Hartman
1997–2013
112
3
Stefan Frei
2009–present
105
4
Sean Johnson
2010–present
96
5
Joe Cannon
1999–2013
86
6
Jon Busch
2002–2015
83
7
Bill Hamid
2009–2022
80
8
Brad Guzan
2012–2025
78
9
Zach Thornton
1996–2011
76
10
Matt Reis
1998–2013
75
Games played
1
1
Rank
1
Player
Nick Rimando
Years
2000–2019
Games
514
2
2
Rank
2
Player
Kyle Beckerman
Years
2000–2020
Games
498
3
3
Rank
3
Player
Dax McCarty
Years
2006–2024
Games
488
4
4
Rank
4
Player
Kei Kamara
Years
2006–20132015–20202022–present
Games
464
5
5
Rank
5
Player
Darlington Nagbe
Years
2011–2025
Games
445
6
6
Rank
6
Player
Jeff Larentowicz
Years
2005–2020
Games
437
7
7
Rank
7
Player
Stefan Frei
Years
2009–present
Games
433
8
8
Rank
8
Player
Sean Johnson
Years
2010–present
Games
431
9
9
Rank
9
Player
Diego Chará
Years
2011–present
Games
426
10
10
Rank
10
Player
Diego Fagúndez
Years
2011–present
Games
424
Rank
Player
Years
Games
1
Nick Rimando
2000–2019
514
2
Kyle Beckerman
2000–2020
498
3
Dax McCarty
2006–2024
488
4
Kei Kamara
2006–20132015–20202022–present
464
5
Darlington Nagbe
2011–2025
445
6
Jeff Larentowicz
2005–2020
437
7
Stefan Frei
2009–present
433
8
Sean Johnson
2010–present
431
9
Diego Chará
2011–present
426
10
Diego Fagúndez
2011–present
424
Goals
1
1
Rank
1
Player
Kei Kamara
Goals
147
2
2
Rank
2
Player
Josef Martinez
Goals
130
3
3
Rank
3
Player
Gyasi Zardes
Goals
108
4
4
Rank
4
Player
C. J. Sapong
Goals
89
5
5
Rank
5
Player
Fredy Montero
Goals
85
Rank
Player
Goals
1
Kei Kamara
147
2
Josef Martinez
130
3
Gyasi Zardes
108
4
C. J. Sapong
89
5
Fredy Montero
85
Assists
1
1
Rank
1
Player
Nicolás Lodeiro
Assists
78
2
2
Rank
2
Player
Luciano Acosta
Assists
72
3
3
Rank
3
Player
Diego Fagúndez
Assists
67
4
4
Rank
4
Player
Julian Gressel
Assists
65
Rank
Player
Assists
1
Nicolás Lodeiro
78
2
Luciano Acosta
72
3
Diego Fagúndez
67
4
Julian Gressel
65
Shutouts
1
1
Rank
1
Player
Stefan Frei
Shutouts
102
2
2
Rank
2
Player
Sean Johnson
Shutouts
96
4
4
Rank
4
Player
Brad Guzan
Shutouts
76
5
5
Rank
5
Player
Andre Blake
Shutouts
71
Rank
Player
Shutouts
1
Stefan Frei
102
2
Sean Johnson
96
4
Brad Guzan
76
5
Andre Blake
71
Games played
1
1
Rank
1
Player
Kei Kamara
Games
432
2
2
Rank
2
Player
Darlington Nagbe
Games
415
3
3
Rank
3
Player
Sean Johnson
Games
374
4
4
Rank
4
Player
Stefan Frei
Games
368
Rank
Player
Games
1
Kei Kamara
432
2
Darlington Nagbe
415
3
Sean Johnson
374
4
Stefan Frei
368
· External links
Preceded byNASL (1968–1984)
Division 1 soccer league in the United States 1996–present
Succeeded bycurrent league

References

  1. Franchise folded after completion of the 2001 season
  2. Spanish audio/broadcast
  3. French audio/broadcast
  4. MLSSoccer.com
    https://www.mlssoccer.com/news/mls-celebrates-17th-anniversary-formal-debut
  5. "About Major League Soccer"
    http://www.ussoccer.com/about/affiliates/professional-soccer
  6. Chicago Tribune
    https://www.mlssoccer.com/news/st-louis-city-unveil-new-renderings-state-art-stadium-ahead-2023-mls-debut
  7. "By The Numbers... North American Soccer League vs Major League Soccer"
    http://www.ussoccerplayers.com/2013/02/by-the-numbers-north-american-soccer-league-vs-major-league-soccer.html
  8. "About Major League Soccer"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20080625214719/http://web.mlsnet.com/about/
  9. MLSsoccer.com
    http://www.mlssoccer.com/history/season/1996
  10. Forbes
    https://www.forbes.com/sites/chrissmith/2013/11/20/major-league-soccers-most-valuable-teams/
  11. Forbes
    https://www.forbes.com/sites/chrissmith/2015/08/19/major-league-soccers-most-valuable-teams-2015-2/
  12. Sports Business Journal
    https://www.sportsbusinessjournal.com/Journal/Issues/2023/04/10/In-Depth/attendance.aspx
  13. Toronto Star
    https://www.thestar.com/sports/football/cfl/intentional-grounding-cfl-coverage-to-take-hit-with-fewer-reporters-on-the-road/article_571381b9-0526-5712-93c6-561de4cee064.html
  14. Fox Sports
    https://www.foxsports.com/articles/mlb/mlb-attendance-up-09-first-backtoback-increases-since-201112
  15. 3DownNation
    https://3downnation.com/2024/10/28/cfl-regular-season-attendance-grows-1-percent-from-2023-to-2024/
  16. USA Today
    https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/mls/2015/01/07/mls-expands-playoffs-adds-2-teams-in-20th-season/21398585/
  17. "Major League Soccer unveils 2015 schedule, with Decision Day finale and expanded playoff format"
    http://www.mlssoccer.com/news/article/2015/01/07/major-league-soccer-unveils-2015-schedule-decision-day-finale-and-expanded-p
  18. "MLS Cup Playoffs 101: How the 2013 postseason works"
    https://www.timbers.com/news/mls-cup-playoffs-101-how-2013-postseason-works
  19. Fraser v. Major League Soccer
    https://caselaw.findlaw.com/us-1st-circuit/1441684.html
  20. Sports Business Daily
    http://www.sportsbusinessdaily.com/Journal/Issues/2017/07/24/Leagues-and-Governing-Bodies/MLS.aspx
  21. "North American Soccer League Statistics"
    http://www.nasljerseys.com/Stats/Standings.htm
  22. Sports Illustrated
    https://vault.si.com/vault/1980/12/01/its-time-for-trimming-sails-in-the-nasl-three-franchises-are-on-the-verge-of-going-under-as-the-league-grapples-with-the-effects-of-overexpansion-the-recession-and-union-troubles
  23. Marketing and Football
    https://books.google.com/books?id=-OGcs9eQW0sC&q=north%2520american%2520soccer%2520league
  24. "FRASER v. MAJOR LEAGUE SOCCER"
    http://www.leagle.com/decision/200022797FSupp2d130_1215
  25. MLSsoccer.com
    https://www.mlssoccer.com/post/2020/01/03/first-mls-player-league-history-us-soccer-legend-tab-ramos
  26. "MLS kicks off to festive crowd, mixed on-field reviews"
    http://www.sportsbusinessdaily.com/Daily/Issues/1996/04/9/Leagues-Governing-Bodies/MLS-KICKS-OFF-TO-FESTIVE-CROWD-MIXED-ON-FIELD-REVIEWS.aspx?hl=MLS&sc=0
  27. "19 Teams with 1 Goal: A Spotlight on Major League Soccer", June 10, 2014.
  28. D.C. United
    https://web.archive.org/web/20170622185524/https://www.dcunited.com/club/trophy-case
  29. Last Word on Sports
    http://lastwordonsports.com/2014/07/25/mls-3-0-series-history-mls-1-0/
  30. Soccer Politics / The Politics of Football
    https://web.archive.org/web/20141209173530/https://sites.duke.edu/wcwp/world-cup-2014/usa-soccer-and-world-cup-2014/resurgence-and-expansion-of-the-mls/
  31. Sports Illustrated
    https://web.archive.org/web/20140221144053/http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/soccer/news/1999/11/18/wednesday_teleconference/
  32. Bloomberg BusinessWeek
    https://web.archive.org/web/20110628194808/http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/04_47/b3909099.htm?campaign_id=search%20Soccer%3A%20Time%20To%20Kick%20It%20Up%20A%20Notch
  33. The New York Times
    https://www.nytimes.com/2005/11/11/sports/soccer/11soccer.html
  34. "MLS fans in several cities wait nervously for contraction decision"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20150924115539/http://www.soccertimes.com/wagman/2001/dec27.htm
  35. "MLS considering weight-loss program"
    https://www.espn.com/soccer/s/2000/1228/977891.html
  36. Chicago Tribune
    https://www.chicagotribune.com/1999/08/04/mls-boots-commissioner-turns-to-nfl-for-successor/
  37. Los Angeles Times
    https://www.latimes.com/sports/soccer/la-sp-soccer-baxter-20151206-story.html
  38. MLSsoccer.com
    http://www.mlssoccer.com/news/article/2012/01/05/throw-did-eliminating-tampa-miami-save-mls
  39. MLSsoccer.com
    http://www.mlssoccer.com/history/club/columbus
  40. Sport History Review
    https://journals.humankinetics.com/view/journals/shr/45/1/article-p23.xml
  41. The New York Times
    https://www.nytimes.com/2002/03/23/sports/soccer-making-big-plans-to-build-stadiums-and-interest.html
  42. Fraser v. Major League Soccer, 97 F.Supp.2d 130 (D. Mass 2000)
  43. "Learn about MLS"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20140720230433/http://www.nycfc.com/fans/learn-about-mls
  44. "MLS Cup 2002"
    http://www.mlssoccer.com/history/mlscup/2002
  45. Waldlichtung
    http://exittheforest.wordpress.com/2012/09/07/formatting-mls-part-4-global-tradition-american-appeal/
  46. "Tim Howard club career"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20141008055145/http://www.yanks-abroad.com/content.php?mode=players&id=11
  47. "Americans in the Premier League – why have numbers dropped recently?"
    http://www.espnfc.us/blog/espn-fc-united-blog/68/post/2331121/americans-in-the-premier-league----why-have-numbers-dropped-recently
  48. "Jason Kreis still has something to prove"
    https://www.espn.com/sports/soccer/news/_/id/6435726/rsl-jason-kreis-to-prove
  49. RSL Soapbox
    http://www.rslsoapbox.com/2012/9/27/3415314/real-salt-lake-vs-chivas-usa-expansion-rivalry-a-history-lesson
  50. San Jose Earthquakes
    http://www.sjearthquakes.com/club/history#2006
  51. "MLS 101: MLS Expansion Draft and Allocation Money"
    https://www.timbers.com/news/mls-101-mls-expansion-draft-and-allocation-money
  52. Forbes
    https://www.forbes.com/sites/bobbymcmahon/2012/08/05/has-the-beckham-rule-worked-for-mls/
  53. Sports Illustrated
    https://web.archive.org/web/20070421234847/http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2007/writers/greg_lalas/04/17/mls.signings/index.html
  54. The Boot Room
    http://tbrfootball.com/a-brief-guide-to-major-league-soccer/
  55. The Seattle Times
    http://old.seattletimes.com/html/sounders/2010203684_soundersnumbers05.html
  56. New York Red Bulls
    https://web.archive.org/web/20100716223438/http://www.newyorkredbulls.com/news/2010/07/new-york-red-bulls-sign-international-star-thierry-henry
  57. MLSsoccer.com
    http://www.mlssoccer.com/news/article/2014/04/17/atlanta-expansion-signifies-changing-landscape-ahead-major-league-soccer
  58. Deseret News
    https://web.archive.org/web/20150630203252/http://www.deseretnews.com/article/700130691/Real-Salt-Lake-Monterrey-wins-CONCACAF-Champions-League-3-2-on-aggregate.html?pg=all
  59. BBC Sport
    https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/14525931
  60. Los Angeles Times
    https://www.latimes.com/sports/soccer/la-xpm-2011-nov-18-la-sp-mls-finances-20111119-story.html
  61. "Fire tie Impact in MLS opener"
    https://www.espn.com/blog/chicagofire/post/_/id/2396/fire-tie-impact-in-mls-opener
  62. Bleacher Report
    https://bleacherreport.com/articles/1290390-nba-and-nhl-get-the-boot-mls-is-the-3rd-most-attended-sports-league-in-america
  63. MLSsoccer.com
    https://web.archive.org/web/20150322043641/http://www.mlssoccer.com/news/article/2013/02/27/expansion-refs-cascadia-commissioner-garber-covers-it-all-march-soccer-addre
  64. "Major League Soccer announces New York expansion team: New York City Football Club"
    http://www.mlssoccer.com/news/article/2013/05/21/major-league-soccer-announces-new-york-expansion-team-new-york-city-football
  65. "Major League Soccer Awards Expansion Team to Orlando"
    http://www.orlandocitysc.com/post/2013/11/18/major-league-soccer-awards-expansion-team-orlando
  66. MLSsoccer.com
    https://www.mlssoccer.com/news/retention-funds-explained-mls-reveals-list-14-players-graham-zusi-re-signed-unde
  67. MLSsoccer.com
    http://www.mlssoccer.com/news/article/2014/01/30/fc-dallas-technical-director-fernando-clavijo-waits-us-internationals-more-p
  68. MLSsoccer.com
    http://www.mlssoccer.com/news/article/2014/03/14/throw-enjoy-mls-2014-because-league-will-never-be-same-again
  69. "MLS equals MLB in popularity with kids"
    http://www.espnfc.com/news/story/_/id/1740529/mls-catches-mlb-espn-sports-poll?cc=5901
  70. MLSsoccer.com
    http://www.mlssoccer.com/sideline/news/article/2014/03/07/2013-poll-results-mls-equal-mlb-avid-interest-popularity-among-children
  71. MLSsoccer.com
    http://www.mlssoccer.com/news/article/2014/04/16/major-league-soccer-names-atlanta-22nd-franchise-set-2017-debut
  72. "De George: New clubs raising the stakes in MLS"
    http://www.delcotimes.com/sports/20140706/de-george-new-clubs-raising-the-stakes-in-mls
  73. MLSsoccer.com MatchCenter
    http://matchcenter.mlssoccer.com/matchcenter/2014-06-26-usa-vs-germany/recap
  74. Boston.com
    https://www.boston.com/news/business/2014/09/18/major-league-soccer-unveils-new-logo
  75. The Philadelphia Inquirer
    https://www.inquirer.com/philly/blogs/thegoalkeeper/MLS-to-shut-down-Chivas-USA-realign-conferences.html
  76. MLSsoccer.com
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  217. The Washington Post
    https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/soccer-insider/wp/2014/12/17/d-c-united-stadium-approval-improves-its-playing-field-in-mls-in-many-ways/
  218. The Boston Globe
    https://www.bostonglobe.com/business/2014/11/18/krafts-exploring-soccer-stadium-boston/s7p5krvDeH1J7UgjlEIFtM/story.html
  219. Vancouver Whitecaps FC
    http://www.whitecapsfc.com/history
  220. Bleacher Report
    http://bleacherreport.com/articles/1685288-cfl-usa-how-to-make-it-work-this-time-and-15-places-where-it-could
  221. Pioneer Press
    http://www.twincities.com/2016/07/28/mls-expansion-atlanta-is-lock-for-2017-minnesota-expected-to-join-them/
  222. Star Tribune
    http://www.startribune.com/minnesota-united-to-hold-ceremonial-groundbreaking-for-st-paul-stadium/406049026/
  223. "Minnesota United to play inaugural MLS season at new home: TCF Bank Stadium"
    http://www.mlssoccer.com/post/2016/08/19/minnesota-united-play-inaugural-mls-season-new-home-tcf-bank-stadium
  224. "Atlanta United to Start MLS Season in March 2017 at Georgia Tech's Historic Bobby Dodd Stadium"
    http://www.atlutd.com/post/2016/10/05/atlanta-united-start-mls-season-march-2017-georgia-tech-s-historic-bobby-dodd
  225. Los Angeles Times
    https://www.latimes.com/sports/soccer/la-sp-lafc-20171218-story.html
  226. MLSSoccer.com
    https://www.mlssoccer.com/post/2018/01/29/its-official-major-league-soccer-awards-expansion-team-miami
  227. The Tennessean
    https://www.tennessean.com/story/sports/2019/01/31/mls-nashville-soccer-nissan-stadium-2020/2669544002/
  228. ksdk.com
    https://www.ksdk.com/article/news/local/business-journal/st-louis-city-sc-host-first-match-citypark-stadium/63-94372f87-2a3d-43ca-9ad0-941898f0d83b
  229. Mirror Indy
    https://mirrorindy.org/indy-eleven-soccer-park-indianapolis-keystone-mayor-joe-hogsett-keystone/
  230. "(2023) MLS Team Value Ranking List"
    https://www.sportico.com/feature/mls-soccer-team-value-ranking-1234689586/
  231. "ESPN, MLS Reach Eight-Year TV Deal That Includes Rights Fees"
    http://www.sportsbusinessdaily.com/Daily/Issues/2006/08/Issue-216/Sports-Media/ESPN-MLS-Reach-Eight-Year-TV-Deal-That-Includes-Rights-Fees.aspx
  232. "MLS agrees golden deal with MP & Silva – Sports Broadcast news – Soccer"
    http://www.sportspromedia.com/news/mls_agrees_golden_deal_with_mp_silva/
  233. "MP & Silva extends MLS deal – Sports Broadcast news – Soccer North America"
    http://www.sportspromedia.com/news/mp_silva_extends_mls_deal/
  234. MLSsoccer.com
    http://www.mlssoccer.com/post/2016/07/12/american-family-insurance-be-atlanta-uniteds-first-jersey-sponsor
  235. MLSsoccer.com
    https://www.mlssoccer.com/post/2020/02/10/austin-fc-enter-multi-year-deal-yeti-be-official-jersey-sponsor
  236. "Ally announces multi-year agreement with Charlotte MLS soccer"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20191218021035/https://charlottemls2021.com/ally-announces-multi-year-agreement-with-charlotte-mls-soccer/
  237. chicagofirefc
    https://www.chicagofirefc.com/news/chicago-fire-fc-kicks-off-multi-year-partnership-with-carvana-as-official-online
  238. "FC Cincinnati sign jersey sponsorship deal pending MLS acceptance"
    https://www.mlssoccer.com/post/2017/11/14/fc-cincinnati-sign-jersey-sponsorship-deal-pending-mls-acceptance
  239. "Colorado Rapids and UCHealth launch health-focused initiative as part of multi-year jersey rights deal"
    https://www.coloradorapids.com/news/colorado-rapids-and-uchealth-launch-health-focused-initiative-as-part-of-multi-y
  240. "Crew announces jersey sponsorship deal with Nationwide"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20200227212720/https://www.dispatch.com/sports/20200227/crew-announces-jersey-sponsorship-deal-with-nationwide
  241. "D.C. United Announce Multi-Year Front-of-Kit Partnership with Guidehouse, a DMV-Based Global Consultancy"
    https://www.dcunited.com/news/d-c-united-announce-multi-year-front-of-kit-partnership-with-guidehouse
  242. "FC Dallas Announces Partnership with Children's Health and UT Southwestern Medical Center"
    https://www.mlssoccer.com/news/fc-dallas-announce-new-jersey-sponsors-ahead-of-2023-season
  243. MLS
    https://www.houstondynamo.com/post/2018/11/28/md-anderson-houston-dynamo-team-one-goal-end-cancer
  244. Inter Miami CF
    https://www.intermiamicf.com/news/south-florida-proud-royal-caribbean-takes-center-stage-on-inter-miami-cf-s-iconi
  245. Sports Business Daily
    http://www.sportsbusinessdaily.com/Daily/Issues/2012/03/16/Marketing-and-Sponsorship/Galaxy.aspx
  246. LAFC
    https://www.lafc.com/post/2021/03/26/lafc-announces-flex-power-tools-official-jersey-sponsor
  247. MLSsoccer.com
    http://www.mlssoccer.com/post/2017/01/19/target-becomes-official-mls-partner-lands-minnesota-united-jersey-front
  248. "BMO sign multi-million deal with Montreal Impact"
    http://www.sportspromedia.com/news/bmo_sign_multi-million_deal_with_montreal_impact/
  249. NashvilleSC.com
    https://www.nashvillesc.com/post/2020/01/18/nashville-sc-unveils-first-major-league-soccer-jersey
  250. "UnitedHealthcare, New England Revolution Announce Partnership"
    http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20110422005176/en/UnitedHealthcare-England-Revolution-Announce-Partnership
  251. New York City FC
    https://web.archive.org/web/20141113184154/http://www.nycfc.com/post/2014/11/12/new-york-city-football-club-takes-flight-etihad-airways-partnership
  252. "Orlando City locks in Orlando Health as healthcare partner and jersey sponsor for MLS"
    http://www.mynews13.com/content/news/cfnews13/sports/article.html/content/news/articles/bhsn/2013/11/18/orlando_city_locks_i.html
  253. Philadelphia Daily News
    https://web.archive.org/web/20110115021621/http://www.philly.com/inquirer/front_page/20110111_Union_soccer_team_wins_sponsorship_from_Bimbo_bakery.html
  254. "Portland Timbers unveil Tillamook as jersey partner"
    https://www.timbers.com/news/portland-timbers-unveil-tillamook-as-jersey-partner
  255. Real Salt Lake
    https://www.rsl.com/utahroyals/news/real-salt-lake-utah-royals-fc-unveil-major-long-term-community-focused-partnersh
  256. The San Diego Union-Tribune
    https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/2024/07/18/san-diego-fc-announces-jersey-sponsor-ahead-of-first-major-league-soccer-season/
  257. Earthquakes Communications
    https://www.sjearthquakes.com/post/2020/01/22/news-san-jose-earthquakes-score-big-intermedia-cloud-communications-partnership
  258. The Seattle Times
    https://www.seattletimes.com/sports/sounders/sounders-announce-partnership-with-providence-swedish-heres-a-look-at-the-new-jerseys/
  259. Sportspro
    https://www.sportspromedia.com/news/sporting-kansas-city-shirt-sponsor-compass-minerals-2028/
  260. "A partnership born and bred in St. Louis"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20210426151919/https://www.stlcitysc.com/purina/
  261. Sports Business Journal
    http://www.sportsbusinessdaily.com/Journal/Issues/2010/06/20100628/This-Weeks-News/Toronto-FC-Keeps-Banks-Name-On-Jerseys.aspx
  262. The Province
    http://www.theprovince.com/sports/Whitecaps+beat+Lions/4460075/story.html
  263. Pittsburgh Post-Gazette
    http://www.post-gazette.com/pg/06271/725842-28.stm
  264. The Columbus Dispatch
    http://www.dispatch.com/content/stories/business/2012/09/13/scoring-goals.html
  265. NBC Sports
    https://soccer.nbcsports.com/2018/10/24/mls-to-add-jersey-sleeve-advertisements-in-2020/
  266. The New York Times
    https://www.nytimes.com/2007/07/08/sports/soccer/08beckham.html?ex=1186372800&en=8ac84814e27d5891&ei=5070
  267. Forbes
    https://www.forbes.com/2008/09/09/mls-soccer-beckham-biz-sports-cz_kb_0909mlsvalues.html
  268. The Seattle Times
    http://old.seattletimes.com/html/sounders/2013242565_soundersfc24.html
  269. Forbes
    https://www.forbes.com/sites/chrissmith/2018/11/14/mls-most-valuable-teams-2018/?src=rss
  270. Sportico
    https://www.sportico.com/feature/worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-football-club-1234721285/
  271. The Globe and Mail
    https://www.theglobeandmail.com/sports/soccer/article-montreal-impact-vancouver-whitecaps-voice-concerns-about-major-league/
  272. The Guardian
    https://www.theguardian.com/football/2019/jul/01/mls-flights-commercial-travel-soccer
  273. USA Today
    https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/mls/2020/02/06/mls-players-agree-to-new-contract/41149717/
  274. The Province
    https://theprovince.com/sports/soccer/mls/vancouver-whitecaps/covid-19-benefit-charters-for-starters-give-club-a-road-lift
  275. Star-Tribune
    https://www.startribune.com/sun-country-airlines-to-be-official-carrier-of-major-league-soccer/600110383/
  276. "Then and Now: How MLS Has Changed Since 1996 | San Jose Earthquakes"
    https://www.sjearthquakes.com/news/then-and-now-how-mls-has-changed-1996-0
  277. "'Game First' initiatives enhance on-field product"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20080426134827/http://web.mlsnet.com/news/mls_news.jsp?ymd=20070402&content_id=87043&vkey=pr_mls&fext=.jsp
  278. MLSsoccer.com
    http://www.mlssoccer.com/news/article/2011/06/24/mls-disciplinary-committee-fines-davies-simulation
  279. Contract Has Strict Drug Policy Archived January 29, 2019, at the Wayback Machine – Jack Bell, The New York Times, March
    https://www.nytimes.com/2005/03/29/sports/soccer/contract-has-strict-drug-policy.html
  280. Sports Illustrated
    https://www.si.com/soccer/planet-futbol/2014/09/17/new-mls-logo-crest-shield-major-league-soccer
  281. "Major League Soccer reveals epic new anthem by legendary Hollywood composer Hans Zimmer"
    https://www.espn.com/soccer/blog-the-toe-poke/story/4060719/major-league-soccer-reveals-epic-new-anthem-by-legendary-hollywood-composer-hans-zimmer
  282. "Toye: Fans are delighted the old NASL names, Sounders, Timbers, Whitecaps and Quakes were saved"
    http://www.prostamerika.com/2012/09/24/toye-fans-are-delighted-the-old-nasl-names-sounders-timbers-whitecaps-and-quakes-were-saved/71346
  283. Long Range Goals: The Success Story of Major League Soccer
  284. Houston Chronicle
    https://www.chron.com/sports/dynamo/article/on-soccer-dallas-burn-nickname-about-to-become-1974994.php
  285. Kansas City Business Journal
    http://www.bizjournals.com/kansascity/blog/2010/11/will-the-kansas-city-wizards-become.html?page=all
  286. Sports Illustrated
    https://www.si.com/soccer/2022/06/14/mls-apple-partner-broadcast-tv-rights-media-deal
  287. Sports Business Journal
    https://www.sportsbusinessjournal.com/SB-Blogs/Newsletter-Media/2022/07/25.aspx
  288. MLSSoccer.com
    https://www.mlssoccer.com/news/major-league-soccer-fox-sports-televisaunivision-tsn-rds-announce-multi-year-lin
  289. MLSsoccer.com
    http://www.mlssoccer.com/news/article/2011/08/10/mls-nbc-sports-agree-three-year-broadcast-deal
  290. Philadelphia Daily News
    http://www.philly.com/philly/blogs/thegoalkeeper/Analyzing-NBCs-ratings-in-its-first-season-of-broadcasting-Major-League-Soccer.html
  291. The New York Times
    https://goal.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/05/01/kicktv-is-on-the-air-on-youtube/
  292. "MLS announces sale of KICKTV YouTube channel & soccer media platform to Copa90"
    https://www.mlssoccer.com/post/2015/01/29/mls-announces-sale-kicktv-youtube-channel-soccer-media-platform-copa90
  293. Forbes
    https://www.forbes.com/sites/christinasettimi/2020/08/17/major-league-soccer-signs-deal-with-bleacher-report-invites-company-to-bid-on-broadcast-rights/#3ae14c224b39
  294. The Goalkeeper
    http://www.philly.com/philly/blogs/thegoalkeeper/NBC-to-lose-MLS-rights-in-2015-ESPN-Fox-likely-to-share-new-deal.html
  295. The New York Times
    https://www.nytimes.com/2014/05/13/sports/soccer/mls-and-tv-networks-reach-deal-to-set-weekly-slots-for-games.html
  296. MLSsoccer.com
    http://www.mlssoccer.com/news/article/2014/05/12/espn-fox-and-univision-promise-new-emphasis-domestic-game-mls-landmark-eight
  297. MLSsoccer.com
    https://www.mlssoccer.com/post/2018/02/13/mls-live-be-added-espn-lineup-spring-free-fans-until-espn
  298. "Every Game, All Season Long: MLS ON TSN Kicks Off its Complete Coverage of Vancouver Whitecaps FC This Saturday"
    https://archive.today/20140405171947/http://www.bellmediapr.ca/Network/TSN/Press/Every-Game-All-Season-Long-MLS-ON-TSN-Kicks-Off-its-Complete-Coverage-of-Vancouver-Whitecaps-FC-This-Saturday-
  299. "TSN to broadcast all Whitecaps FC games beginning in 2014"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20140201161233/http://www.tsn.ca/soccer/story/?id=439310
  300. MLSsoccer.com
    http://www.mlssoccer.com/post/2017/02/09/canadian-national-broadcast-schedule-2017-revealed-ctv-air-7-games
  301. MLSsoccer.com
    http://www.mlssoccer.com/news/article/2011/07/14/impact-sign-multimedia-deal-name-tva-sports-broadcaster
  302. Toronto Star
    https://www.thestar.com/sports/soccer/2018/03/02/mls-partners-with-dazn-to-live-stream-us-matches-for-canadian-soccer-fans.html
  303. "MLS and Sky Sports Announce Groundbreaking Partnership to Broadcast MLS in the United Kingdom"
    http://pressbox.mlssoccer.com/content/mls-and-sky-sports-announce-groundbreaking-partnership-broadcast-mls-united-kingdom
  304. MLSsoccer.com
    http://www.mlssoccer.com/post/2015/02/25/mls-and-british-broadcaster-sky-sports-announce-groundbreaking-partnership
  305. The Economic Times
    http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/media/entertainment/media/discovery-launches-sports-channel-dsports-in-india/articleshow/56997525.cms
  306. "How to watch 2025 Major League Soccer (MLS) season LIVE on SBS"
    https://www.sbs.com.au/sport/article/how-to-watch-2025-major-league-soccer-mls-season-live-on-sbs/v55m5n5on
  307. "Backyard Soccer MLS Edition In Stores Now!"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20001120080000fw_/http://humongous.com/parents/Pr/More/News/bys_mls_retail.html
  308. infogrames.com
    https://web.archive.org/web/20030409000447/http://infogrames.com/corp_pressreleases.php?op=story&sid=360
  309. "Football Manager signs with MLS"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20040714083312/http://www.sigames.com/news.php?type=view&article_id=905
  310. MLSsoccer.com
    http://www.mlssoccer.com/stats/alltime
  311. "2024 MLS Fact and Record Book.pdf"
    https://mlssoccer.app.box.com/s/xvks2sfia70gsowb4qyh61c7ytqpbnht
  312. "MLS Announces 2013 Awards Finalists"
    http://pressbox.mlssoccer.com/content/mls-announces-2013-awards-finalists
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