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MacOS

Updated: 12/10/2025, 4:47:46 PM Wikipedia source

macOS (previously OS X and originally Mac OS X) is a proprietary Unix-based operating system, derived from OPENSTEP for Mach and FreeBSD, which has been marketed and developed by Apple since 2001. It is the current operating system for Apple's Mac computers. Within the market of desktop and laptop computers, it is the second most widely used desktop OS, after Microsoft Windows and ahead of all Linux distributions, including ChromeOS and SteamOS. As of 2025, the most recent release of macOS is macOS 26 Tahoe, the 22nd major version of macOS. Mac OS X succeeded the classic Mac OS, the primary Macintosh operating system from 1984 to 2001. Its underlying architecture came from NeXT's NeXTSTEP, as a result of Apple's acquisition of NeXT, which also brought Steve Jobs back to Apple. The first desktop version, Mac OS X 10.0, was released on March 24, 2001. Mac OS X Leopard and all later versions of macOS, other than OS X Lion, are UNIX 03 certified. Each of Apple's other contemporary operating systems, including iOS, iPadOS, watchOS, tvOS, audioOS and visionOS, are derivatives of macOS. Throughout its history, macOS has supported three major processor architectures: the initial version supported PowerPC-based Macs only, with support for Intel-based Macs beginning with OS X Tiger 10.4.4 and support for ARM-based Apple silicon Macs beginning with macOS Big Sur. Support for PowerPC-based Macs was dropped with OS X Snow Leopard, and it was announced at the 2025 Worldwide Developers Conference that macOS Tahoe will be the last to support Intel-based Macs. A prominent part of macOS's original brand identity was the use of the Roman numeral X, pronounced "ten", as well as code naming each release after species of big cats, and later, places within California. Apple shortened the name to "OS X" in 2011 and then changed it to "macOS" in 2016 to align with the branding of Apple's other operating systems. In 2020, macOS Big Sur was presented as version 11—a marked departure after 16 releases of macOS 10—but the naming convention continued to reference places within California. In 2025, Apple unified the version number across all of its products to align with the year after their WWDC announcement, so the release announced at the 2025 WWDC, macOS Tahoe, is macOS 26.

Infobox

Developer
Apple
Written in
mw- .inline, .inline dl, .inline ol, .inline ul, dl dl, dl ol, dl ul, ol dl, ol ol dd dd dd , dd dt , dd li , dt dd , dt dt , dt li , li dd dd dd , dd dt , dd li , dt dd , dt dt , dt li , li dd dd ol li C C Objective-C Swift assembly language
OS family
MacBSDUnix-likeUnix
Source model
Proprietary with open source components
Initial release
March 24, 2001; 24 years ago (2001-03-24)
Latest release
26.1 (25B78) (November 3, 2025; 37 days ago (2025-11-03)) [±]
Available in
47 languages
Supported platforms
mw- Apple silicon (ARM64): ARMv9-A (15.0–) ARMv8-A (11.0–)Intel (64-bit): x86-64 (10.4.7–26.x)Previously supported:Intel (32-bit): IA-32 (10.4.4–10.6.8)PowerPC: 64-bit ppc970 (10.4–10.5.8) 32-bit ppc7400 (10.0–10.5.8) 32-bit ppc (10.0–10.4.11)
Kernel type
Hybrid (XNU)
Defaultuser interface
Aqua (graphical)
License
Proprietary
Preceded by
Classic Mac OS, NeXTSTEP
Official website
www.apple.com/os/macos/

Tables

vte Overview of macOS versions · History › Timeline of releases
Version
Version
Release
Version
Release
Name
Darwinversion
Version
Release date
Release date
Latest release
Processor
Latest release
Application
Compatibility
Kernel
Mac OS X Server 1.0
Mac OS X Server 1.0
Release
Mac OS X Server 1.0
Release
Hera
Darwinversion
0.1-0.3
Release date
March 16, 1999
Latest release
Unsupported: 1 .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- } }
Latest release
October 27, 2000
Compatibility
32-bit PowerPC
Compatibility
32-bit PowerPC
Compatibility
32-bit
Mac OS X 10.0
Mac OS X 10.0
Release
Mac OS X 10.0
Release
Cheetah
Darwinversion
1.3.1
Release date
March 24, 2001
Latest release
Unsupported: 10.0.4
Latest release
June 22, 2001
Mac OS X 10.1
Mac OS X 10.1
Release
Mac OS X 10.1
Release
Puma
Darwinversion
1.4.1/5
Release date
September 25, 2001
Latest release
Unsupported: 10.1.5
Latest release
June 6, 2002
Mac OS X 10.2
Mac OS X 10.2
Release
Mac OS X 10.2
Release
Jaguar
Darwinversion
6
Release date
August 24, 2002
Latest release
Unsupported: 10.2.8
Latest release
October 3, 2003
Compatibility
32/64-bit PowerPC
Mac OS X 10.3
Mac OS X 10.3
Release
Mac OS X 10.3
Release
Panther
Darwinversion
7
Release date
October 24, 2003
Latest release
Unsupported: 10.3.9
Latest release
April 15, 2005
Mac OS X 10.4
Mac OS X 10.4
Release
Mac OS X 10.4
Release
Tiger
Darwinversion
8
Release date
April 29, 2005
Latest release
Unsupported: 10.4.11
Latest release
November 14, 2007
Compatibility
32/64-bit PowerPCand Intel
Compatibility
32/64-bit PowerPCand Intel
Mac OS X 10.5
Mac OS X 10.5
Release
Mac OS X 10.5
Release
Leopard
Darwinversion
9
Release date
October 26, 2007
Latest release
Unsupported: 10.5.8
Latest release
August 13, 2009
Mac OS X 10.6
Mac OS X 10.6
Release
Mac OS X 10.6
Release
Snow Leopard
Darwinversion
10
Release date
August 28, 2009
Latest release
Unsupported: 10.6.8
Latest release
July 25, 2011
Compatibility
32/64-bit Intel
Compatibility
32/64-bit Intel32-bit PowerPC
Compatibility
32/64-bit
OS X 10.7
OS X 10.7
Release
OS X 10.7
Release
Lion
Darwinversion
11
Release date
July 20, 2011
Latest release
Unsupported: 10.7.5
Latest release
October 4, 2012
Compatibility
64-bit Intel
Compatibility
32/64-bit Intel
OS X 10.8
OS X 10.8
Release
OS X 10.8
Release
Mountain Lion
Darwinversion
12
Release date
July 25, 2012
Latest release
Unsupported: 10.8.5
Latest release
August 13, 2015
Compatibility
64-bit
OS X 10.9
OS X 10.9
Release
OS X 10.9
Release
Mavericks
Darwinversion
13
Release date
October 22, 2013
Latest release
Unsupported: 10.9.5
Latest release
July 18, 2016
OS X 10.10
OS X 10.10
Release
OS X 10.10
Release
Yosemite
Darwinversion
14
Release date
October 16, 2014
Latest release
Unsupported: 10.10.5
Latest release
July 19, 2017
OS X 10.11
OS X 10.11
Release
OS X 10.11
Release
El Capitan
Darwinversion
15
Release date
September 30, 2015
Latest release
Unsupported: 10.11.6
Latest release
July 9, 2018
macOS 10.12
macOS 10.12
Release
macOS 10.12
Release
Sierra
Darwinversion
16
Release date
September 20, 2016
Latest release
Unsupported: 10.12.6
Latest release
September 26, 2019
macOS 10.13
macOS 10.13
Release
macOS 10.13
Release
High Sierra
Darwinversion
17
Release date
September 25, 2017
Latest release
Unsupported: 10.13.6
Latest release
November 12, 2020
macOS 10.14
macOS 10.14
Release
macOS 10.14
Release
Mojave
Darwinversion
18
Release date
September 24, 2018
Latest release
Unsupported: 10.14.6
Latest release
July 21, 2021
macOS 10.15
macOS 10.15
Release
macOS 10.15
Release
Catalina
Darwinversion
19
Release date
October 7, 2019
Latest release
Unsupported: 10.15.7
Latest release
July 20, 2022
Compatibility
64-bit Intel
macOS 11
macOS 11
Release
macOS 11
Release
Big Sur
Darwinversion
20
Release date
November 12, 2020
Latest release
Unsupported: 11.7.10
Latest release
September 11, 2023
Compatibility
64-bit Intel and ARM
macOS 12
macOS 12
Release
macOS 12
Release
Monterey
Darwinversion
21
Release date
October 25, 2021
Latest release
Unsupported: 12.7.6
Latest release
July 29, 2024
macOS 13
macOS 13
Release
macOS 13
Release
Ventura
Darwinversion
22
Release date
October 24, 2022
Latest release
Unsupported: 13.7.8
Latest release
August 20, 2025
macOS 14
macOS 14
Release
macOS 14
Release
Sonoma
Darwinversion
23
Release date
September 26, 2023
Latest release
Supported: 14.8.2
Latest release
November 3, 2025
Preview version: 14.8.3 RC 4
Preview version: 14.8.3 RC 4
Release
Preview version: 14.8.3 RC 4
Release
December 3, 2025
macOS 15
macOS 15
Release
macOS 15
Release
Sequoia
Darwinversion
24
Release date
September 16, 2024
Latest release
Supported: 15.7.2
Latest release
November 3, 2025
Preview version: 15.7.3 RC 4
Preview version: 15.7.3 RC 4
Release
Preview version: 15.7.3 RC 4
Release
December 3, 2025
macOS 26
macOS 26
Release
macOS 26
Release
Tahoe
Darwinversion
25
Release date
September 15, 2025
Latest release
Latest version: 26.1
Latest release
November 3, 2025
Preview version: 26.2 RC
Preview version: 26.2 RC
Release
Preview version: 26.2 RC
Release
December 3, 2025
Legend:UnsupportedSupportedLatest versionPreview versionFuture version
Legend:UnsupportedSupportedLatest versionPreview versionFuture version
Release
Legend:UnsupportedSupportedLatest versionPreview versionFuture version
Release
Darwinversion
Release date
Latest release
Compatibility
Version
Name
Version
Release date
Processor
Application
Kernel
Mac OS X Server 1.0
Hera
0.1-0.3
March 16, 1999
Unsupported: 1 .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- } }
October 27, 2000
32-bit PowerPC
32-bit PowerPC
32-bit
Mac OS X 10.0
Cheetah
1.3.1
March 24, 2001
Unsupported: 10.0.4
June 22, 2001
Mac OS X 10.1
Puma
1.4.1/5
September 25, 2001
Unsupported: 10.1.5
June 6, 2002
Mac OS X 10.2
Jaguar
6
August 24, 2002
Unsupported: 10.2.8
October 3, 2003
32/64-bit PowerPC
Mac OS X 10.3
Panther
7
October 24, 2003
Unsupported: 10.3.9
April 15, 2005
Mac OS X 10.4
Tiger
8
April 29, 2005
Unsupported: 10.4.11
November 14, 2007
32/64-bit PowerPCand Intel
32/64-bit PowerPCand Intel
Mac OS X 10.5
Leopard
9
October 26, 2007
Unsupported: 10.5.8
August 13, 2009
Mac OS X 10.6
Snow Leopard
10
August 28, 2009
Unsupported: 10.6.8
July 25, 2011
32/64-bit Intel
32/64-bit Intel32-bit PowerPC
32/64-bit
OS X 10.7
Lion
11
July 20, 2011
Unsupported: 10.7.5
October 4, 2012
64-bit Intel
32/64-bit Intel
OS X 10.8
Mountain Lion
12
July 25, 2012
Unsupported: 10.8.5
August 13, 2015
64-bit
OS X 10.9
Mavericks
13
October 22, 2013
Unsupported: 10.9.5
July 18, 2016
OS X 10.10
Yosemite
14
October 16, 2014
Unsupported: 10.10.5
July 19, 2017
OS X 10.11
El Capitan
15
September 30, 2015
Unsupported: 10.11.6
July 9, 2018
macOS 10.12
Sierra
16
September 20, 2016
Unsupported: 10.12.6
September 26, 2019
macOS 10.13
High Sierra
17
September 25, 2017
Unsupported: 10.13.6
November 12, 2020
macOS 10.14
Mojave
18
September 24, 2018
Unsupported: 10.14.6
July 21, 2021
macOS 10.15
Catalina
19
October 7, 2019
Unsupported: 10.15.7
July 20, 2022
64-bit Intel
macOS 11
Big Sur
20
November 12, 2020
Unsupported: 11.7.10
September 11, 2023
64-bit Intel and ARM
macOS 12
Monterey
21
October 25, 2021
Unsupported: 12.7.6
July 29, 2024
macOS 13
Ventura
22
October 24, 2022
Unsupported: 13.7.8
August 20, 2025
macOS 14
Sonoma
23
September 26, 2023
Supported: 14.8.2
November 3, 2025
Preview version: 14.8.3 RC 4
December 3, 2025
macOS 15
Sequoia
24
September 16, 2024
Supported: 15.7.2
November 3, 2025
Preview version: 15.7.3 RC 4
December 3, 2025
macOS 26
Tahoe
25
September 15, 2025
Latest version: 26.1
November 3, 2025
Preview version: 26.2 RC
December 3, 2025
Legend:UnsupportedSupportedLatest versionPreview versionFuture version
· Architecture › Hardware compatibility
10.0 – 10.2
10.0 – 10.2
Operating system
10.0 – 10.2
Release year(s)
2001 – 2002
Supported systems
G3, G4 and G5 iBook and PowerBook, Power Mac and iMac(except PowerBook G3 "Kanga")
RAM requirement
128 MB
10.3
10.3
Operating system
10.3
Release year(s)
2003
Supported systems
Macs with a New World ROM
10.4
10.4
Operating system
10.4
Release year(s)
2004
Supported systems
Macs with built-in FireWire and either a New World ROM or Intel processor
RAM requirement
256 MB
10.5
10.5
Operating system
10.5
Release year(s)
2006
Supported systems
Select G4, G5, and Intel Macs (32-bit or 64-bit) at 867 MHz or fasterClassic support dropped from 10.5 and later.
RAM requirement
512 MB
10.6
10.6
Operating system
10.6
Release year(s)
2008
Supported systems
Intel Macs (32-bit or 64-bit)
RAM requirement
1 GB
10.7
10.7
Operating system
10.7
Release year(s)
2010
Supported systems
Intel Macs (64-bit)Rosetta support dropped from 10.7 and later.
RAM requirement
2 GB
10.8 – 10.11
10.8 – 10.11
Operating system
10.8 – 10.11
Release year(s)
2012 – 2015
Supported systems
Laptops: MacBook (Aluminum, Late 2008 or later), MacBook Air (Late 2008 or later), MacBook Pro (Mid 2007 or later) Desktops: Mac Mini (Early 2009 or later), iMac (Mid 2007 or later), Mac Pro (Early 2008 or later) Servers: Xserve (Early 2009)
10.12 – 10.13
10.12 – 10.13
Operating system
10.12 – 10.13
Release year(s)
2016 – 2017
Supported systems
Laptops: MacBook (Late 2009 or later), MacBook Air (Late 2010 or later), MacBook Pro (Mid 2010 or later) Desktops: Mac Mini (Mid 2010 or later), iMac (Late 2009 or later), iMac Pro (2017) (macOS 10.13), Mac Pro (Mid 2010 or later)
10.14
10.14
Operating system
10.14
Release year(s)
2018
Supported systems
Laptops: MacBook (Early 2015 or later), MacBook Air (Mid 2012 or later), MacBook Pro (Mid 2012 or later) Desktops: Mac Mini (Late 2012 or later), iMac (Late 2012 or later), iMac Pro (2017), Mac Pro (Mid 2010 or later)
10.15
10.15
Operating system
10.15
Release year(s)
2019
Supported systems
Laptops: MacBook (Early 2015 or later), MacBook Air (Mid 2012 or later), MacBook Pro (Mid 2012 or later) Desktops: Mac Mini (Late 2012 or later), iMac (Late 2012 or later), iMac Pro (2017), Mac Pro (Late 2013 or later)
RAM requirement
4 GB
11
11
Operating system
11
Release year(s)
2020
Supported systems
Laptops: MacBook (Early 2015 or later), MacBook Air (Mid 2013 or later), MacBook Pro (Late 2013 or later) Desktops: Mac Mini (Late 2014 or later), iMac (Mid 2014 or later), iMac Pro (2017), Mac Pro (Late 2013 or later)
12
12
Operating system
12
Release year(s)
2021
Supported systems
Laptops: MacBook (Early 2016 or later), MacBook Air (Early 2015 or later), MacBook Pro (Early 2015 or later) Desktops: Mac Mini (Late 2014 or later), iMac (Late 2015 or later), iMac Pro (2017), Mac Studio (2022), Mac Pro (Late 2013 or later)
13
13
Operating system
13
Release year(s)
2022
Supported systems
Laptops: MacBook (2017), MacBook Air (2018 or later), MacBook Pro (2017 or later) Desktops: Mac Mini (2018 or later), iMac (2017 or later), iMac Pro (2017), Mac Studio (2022 or later), Mac Pro (2019 or later)
RAM requirement
8 GB
14
14
Operating system
14
Release year(s)
2023
Supported systems
Laptops: MacBook Air (2018 or later), MacBook Pro (2018 or later) Desktops: Mac Mini (2018 or later), iMac (2019 or later), iMac Pro (2017), Mac Studio (2022 or later), Mac Pro (2019 or later)
15
15
Operating system
15
Release year(s)
2024
Supported systems
Laptops: MacBook Air (2020 or later), MacBook Pro (2018 or later) Desktops: Mac Mini (2018 or later), iMac (2019 or later), iMac Pro (2017), Mac Studio (2022 or later), Mac Pro (2019 or later)
26
26
Operating system
26
Release year(s)
2025
Supported systems
Laptops: MacBook Air (M1 or later), MacBook Pro (2019 or later) Desktops: Mac Mini (M1 or later), iMac (2020 or later), Mac Studio (2022 or later), Mac Pro (2019 or later)
Operating system
Release year(s)
Supported systems
RAM requirement
10.0 – 10.2
2001 – 2002
G3, G4 and G5 iBook and PowerBook, Power Mac and iMac(except PowerBook G3 "Kanga")
128 MB
10.3
2003
Macs with a New World ROM
10.4
2004
Macs with built-in FireWire and either a New World ROM or Intel processor
256 MB
10.5
2006
Select G4, G5, and Intel Macs (32-bit or 64-bit) at 867 MHz or fasterClassic support dropped from 10.5 and later.
512 MB
10.6
2008
Intel Macs (32-bit or 64-bit)
1 GB
10.7
2010
Intel Macs (64-bit)Rosetta support dropped from 10.7 and later.
2 GB
10.8 – 10.11
2012 – 2015
Laptops: MacBook (Aluminum, Late 2008 or later), MacBook Air (Late 2008 or later), MacBook Pro (Mid 2007 or later) Desktops: Mac Mini (Early 2009 or later), iMac (Mid 2007 or later), Mac Pro (Early 2008 or later) Servers: Xserve (Early 2009)
10.12 – 10.13
2016 – 2017
Laptops: MacBook (Late 2009 or later), MacBook Air (Late 2010 or later), MacBook Pro (Mid 2010 or later) Desktops: Mac Mini (Mid 2010 or later), iMac (Late 2009 or later), iMac Pro (2017) (macOS 10.13), Mac Pro (Mid 2010 or later)
10.14
2018
Laptops: MacBook (Early 2015 or later), MacBook Air (Mid 2012 or later), MacBook Pro (Mid 2012 or later) Desktops: Mac Mini (Late 2012 or later), iMac (Late 2012 or later), iMac Pro (2017), Mac Pro (Mid 2010 or later)
10.15
2019
Laptops: MacBook (Early 2015 or later), MacBook Air (Mid 2012 or later), MacBook Pro (Mid 2012 or later) Desktops: Mac Mini (Late 2012 or later), iMac (Late 2012 or later), iMac Pro (2017), Mac Pro (Late 2013 or later)
4 GB
11
2020
Laptops: MacBook (Early 2015 or later), MacBook Air (Mid 2013 or later), MacBook Pro (Late 2013 or later) Desktops: Mac Mini (Late 2014 or later), iMac (Mid 2014 or later), iMac Pro (2017), Mac Pro (Late 2013 or later)
12
2021
Laptops: MacBook (Early 2016 or later), MacBook Air (Early 2015 or later), MacBook Pro (Early 2015 or later) Desktops: Mac Mini (Late 2014 or later), iMac (Late 2015 or later), iMac Pro (2017), Mac Studio (2022), Mac Pro (Late 2013 or later)
13
2022
Laptops: MacBook (2017), MacBook Air (2018 or later), MacBook Pro (2017 or later) Desktops: Mac Mini (2018 or later), iMac (2017 or later), iMac Pro (2017), Mac Studio (2022 or later), Mac Pro (2019 or later)
8 GB
14
2023
Laptops: MacBook Air (2018 or later), MacBook Pro (2018 or later) Desktops: Mac Mini (2018 or later), iMac (2019 or later), iMac Pro (2017), Mac Studio (2022 or later), Mac Pro (2019 or later)
15
2024
Laptops: MacBook Air (2020 or later), MacBook Pro (2018 or later) Desktops: Mac Mini (2018 or later), iMac (2019 or later), iMac Pro (2017), Mac Studio (2022 or later), Mac Pro (2019 or later)
26
2025
Laptops: MacBook Air (M1 or later), MacBook Pro (2019 or later) Desktops: Mac Mini (M1 or later), iMac (2020 or later), Mac Studio (2022 or later), Mac Pro (2019 or later)

References

  1. Internal codename.
  2. The Power Mac G5 had special Jaguar builds.
  3. Tiger did not support 64-bit GUI applications, only 64-bit CLI applications.
  4. 32-bit (but not 64-bit) PowerPC applications were supported on Intel processors with Rosetta.
  5. 64-bit Intel applications are supported on Apple silicon Macs with Rosetta 2. However, Intel-based Macs are unable to ru
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  221. "OS X Mavericks Available Today Free from the Mac App Store"
    https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2013/10/23OS-X-Mavericks-Available-Today-Free-from-the-Mac-App-Store
  222. Ars Technica
    https://arstechnica.com/apple/2014/10/os-x-10-10/3
  223. The Guardian
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  224. Apple Inc.
    https://www.apple.com/li/newsroom/2015/06/08Apple-Announces-OS-X-El-Capitan-with-Refined-Experience-Improved-Performance
  225. Apple Developer
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  226. "Apple – Press Info – Apple Announces OS X El Capitan with Refined Experience & Improved Performance"
    https://www.apple.com/pr/library/2015/06/08Apple-Announces-OS-X-El-Capitan-with-Refined-Experience-Improved-Performance.html
  227. "macOS"
    https://www.apple.com/macos/sierra
  228. "Siri for Mac: How it works in Apple's macOS Sierra and what it's capable of"
    https://appleinsider.com/articles/16/06/14/siri-for-mac-how-it-works-in-apples-macos-sierra-and-what-its-capable-of
  229. TechCrunch
    https://techcrunch.com/2017/09/12/macos-high-sierra-release-date
  230. OS X Daily
    https://osxdaily.com/2017/06/05/macos-10-13-high-sierra-release-fall
  231. The Verge
    https://www.theverge.com/2017/6/29/15886832/apple-macos-high-sierra-preview-features
  232. "macOS Catalina"
    https://www.apple.com/macos/catalina
  233. Gizmodo
    https://gizmodo.com/12-things-you-can-do-in-macos-catalina-that-you-couldnt-1838822074
  234. "Apple introduces macOS Big Sur with a beautiful new design"
    https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2020/06/apple-introduces-macos-big-sur-with-a-beautiful-new-design
  235. VentureBeat
    https://venturebeat.com/2020/06/22/apple-debuts-macos-10-16-big-sur-with-all-new-design
  236. TechCrunch
    https://techcrunch.com/2020/06/22/apple-unveils-macos-10-16-big-sur/
  237. apple.com
    https://www.apple.com/apple-events/june-2021
  238. Apple Inc
    https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2022/06/macos-ventura-brings-powerful-productivity-tools-new-continuity-features-to-mac/
  239. Apple Inc
    https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2022/10/macos-ventura-is-now-available/
  240. The Verge
    https://www.theverge.com/2023/9/12/23860441/macos-sonoma-release-date-apple
  241. Apple
    https://www.apple.com/macos/macos-sequoia-preview/
  242. MacRumors
    https://www.macrumors.com/2025/09/15/apple-releases-macos-tahoe/
  243. Apple Support
    https://support.apple.com/en-gb/guide/security/welcome/web
  244. Apple Developer
    https://developer.apple.com/videos/play/wwdc2020/10686/
  245. Apple Support
    https://support.apple.com/en-gb/guide/security/seca4960c2b5/web
  246. Macworld
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  247. Ars Technica
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  248. Schneier on Security
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  249. The Verge
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  250. Ars Technica
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  251. Mykola's blog
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  252. Apple Support
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  253. Information Week
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  254. The Register
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  255. Gruber, John
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  256. "Operating System Market Share"
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  257. eWeek
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  258. "'Macs don't get viruses' myth dissolves before public's eyes"
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  260. "Mac Security Boasts Threatened by Malware Surge – International Business Times"
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  261. "Apple tells support staff not to confirm Mac Defender infections"
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  262. PC Mag
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  263. "Apple security updates"
    https://support.apple.com/kb/HT1222
  264. "XProtect Explained: How Your Mac's Built-in Anti-malware Software Works"
    https://www.howtogeek.com/217043/xprotect-explained-how-your-macs-built-in-anti-malware-works
  265. StatCounter Global Stats
    https://gs.statcounter.com/os-market-share/desktop/worldwide
  266. AdWeek
    https://www.adweek.com/adfreak/apples-get-mac-complete-campaign-130552
  267. The Guardian
    https://www.theguardian.com/technology/blog/2008/oct/23/apple-microsoft-vista-advertising
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