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M1 Abrams

Updated: Wikipedia source

M1 Abrams

The M1 Abrams () is a third-generation American main battle tank designed by Chrysler Defense (now General Dynamics Land Systems) and named for General Creighton Abrams. Conceived for modern armored ground warfare, it is one of the heaviest tanks in service at nearly 73.6 short tons (66.8 metric tons). It introduced several modern technologies to the United States armored forces, including a multifuel turbine engine, sophisticated Chobham composite armor, a computer fire control system, separate ammunition storage in a blowout compartment, and NBC protection for crew safety. Initial models of the M1 were armed with a 105 mm M68 gun, while later variants feature a license-produced Rheinmetall 120 mm L/44 designated M256. The M1 Abrams was developed from the failed joint American-West German MBT-70 project that intended to replace the dated M60 tank. There are three main operational Abrams versions: the M1, M1A1, and M1A2, with each new iteration seeing improvements in armament, protection, and electronics. The Abrams was to be replaced in U.S. Army service by the XM1202 Mounted Combat System, but following the project's cancellation, the Army opted to continue maintaining and operating the M1 series for the foreseeable future by upgrading optics, armor, and firepower. The M1 Abrams entered service in 1980 and serves as the main battle tank of the United States Army, and formerly of the U.S. Marine Corps (USMC) until the decommissioning of all USMC tank battalions in 2021. The export modification is used by the armed forces of Egypt, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Australia, Poland and Iraq. The Abrams was first used in combat by the U.S. in the Gulf War. It was later deployed by the U.S. in the War in Afghanistan and the Iraq War, as well as by Iraq in the war against the Islamic State, Saudi Arabia in the Yemeni Civil War, and Ukraine during the Russian invasion of Ukraine.

Infobox

Type
Main battle tank
Place of origin
United States
In service
1980–present
Used by
See Operators below
Wars
mw- li Cold War Gulf War UNOSOM II Yugoslav Wars Operation Joint Endeavour Operation Joint Guard Kosovo War Task Force Hawk Operation Joint Guardian Global War on Terrorism War in Afghanistan Iraq War War in Iraq Arab Spring Egyptian Revolution of 2011 Yemeni Civil War (2014–present) Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen Russo-Ukrainian War Russian invasion of Ukraine
Designer
Chrysler Defense (now General Dynamics Land Systems)
Designed
1972–1976
Manufacturer
Lima Army Tank Plant (since 1980)Detroit Arsenal Tank Plant (1978, 1982–1991)Egyptian Defense Company Tank Plant[citation needed]
Unit cost
M1A1: $4.3 million (domestic cost, FY1989) ( $10.66 million, FY2023)M1A2 SEPv3: $24 million (export cost, FY2022)
Produced
1979–present
No. built
approx. 10,300 as of 2017
Variants
See variants
Mass
M1: 60 short tons (54 t)M1A1: 63 short tons (57 t)M1A1 SA: 67.6 short tons (61.3 t)M1A2 SEPv2: 71.2 short tons (64.6 t)M1A2 SEPv3: 73.6 short tons (66.8 t)
Length
Gun forward: 32.04 ft (9.77 m)Hull length: 26.02 ft (7.93 m)
Width
12 ft (3.66 m)
Height
8 ft (2.44 m)
Crew
4 (commander, gunner, loader, driver)
Elevation
20° / −10°
Traverse
9 seconds/360 degrees
Armor
Composite armor
Mainarmament
M1: 105 mm L/52 M68A1 rifled gun (55 rounds)M1A1 M1A2: 120 mm L/44 M256 smoothbore gun (40 rounds)
Secondaryarmament
1 × 0.50 caliber (12.7 mm) M2HB heavy machine gun with 900 rounds2 × 7.62 mm (.308 in) M240 machine guns with 10,400 rounds (1 pintle-mounted, 1 coaxial)
Engine
Honeywell AGT1500 multi-fuel turbine engine1,500 shp (1,120 kW)
Power/weight
From 26.9 hp/t (20.05 kW/t) to 23.8 hp/t (17.74 kW/t)
Transmission
Allison DDA X-1100-3B
Suspension
High-hardness-steel torsion bars with rotary shock absorbers
Ground clearance
M1, M1A1: 0.48 m (1.6 ft; 19 in)M1A2: 0.43 m (1 ft 5 in)
Fuel capacity
504.4 US gallons (1,909 L)
Operationalrange
M1A2, road: 265 mi (426 km)Cross country: 93–124 mi (150–200 km)
mw- Maximum speed
M1A1, road: 45 mph (72 km/h) (governed);M1A2, road: 42 mph (67 km/h) (governed);Off-road: 25 mph (40 km/h)

Tables

Abrams specifications · Specifications
Produced
Produced
Col 1
Produced
M1
1979–85
IPM1
1984–1986
M1A1
1985–92
M1A2
1992 on
M1A2 SEP
1999 on
Length (gun forward)
Length (gun forward)
Col 1
Length (gun forward)
M1
32 ft 0.5 in (9.77 m)
IPM1
32 ft 2.9 in (9.83 m)
Width (over skirt)
Width (over skirt)
Col 1
Width (over skirt)
M1
12 ft (3.7 m)
Height (over 0.50 in (12.7 mm) machine gun)
Height (over 0.50 in (12.7 mm) machine gun)
Col 1
Height (over 0.50 in (12.7 mm) machine gun)
M1
9 ft 5.6 in (2.885 m)
IPM1
n/a
Top speed (level road)
Top speed (level road)
Col 1
Top speed (level road)
M1
45 mph (72 km/h)
IPM1
41.5 mph (66.8 km/h)
M1A1
42 mph (68 km/h)
Range
Range
Col 1
Range
M1
275 mi (443 km)
IPM1
289 mi (465 km)
M1A1
265 mi (426 km)
M1A2
264 mi (425 km)
Power
Power
Col 1
Power
M1
1,500 shp (1.1 MW) at 3000 rpm
Combat Weight
Combat Weight
Col 1
Combat Weight
M1
58 short tons (53 t)
IPM1
60 short tons (54 t)
M1A1
M1A1: 63 short tons (57 t)M1A1SA: 67.6 short tons (61.3 t)
M1A2
69.5 short tons (63.0 t)
M1A2 SEP
SEP v1: 69.5 short tons (63.0 t)SEP v2: 71.2 short tons (64.6 t)SEP v3: 73.6 short tons (66.8 t)
Main armament
Main armament
Col 1
Main armament
M1
105 mm M68A1 rifled
IPM1
120 mm M256 smoothbore
Crew
Crew
Col 1
Crew
M1
4 (commander, gunner, loader, driver)
M1
IPM1
M1A1
M1A2
M1A2 SEP
Produced
1979–85
1984–1986
1985–92
1992 on
1999 on
Length (gun forward)
32 ft 0.5 in (9.77 m)
32 ft 2.9 in (9.83 m)
Width (over skirt)
12 ft (3.7 m)
Height (over 0.50 in (12.7 mm) machine gun)
9 ft 5.6 in (2.885 m)
n/a
Top speed (level road)
45 mph (72 km/h)
mph (66.8 km/h)
42 mph (68 km/h)
Range
275 mi (443 km)
289 mi (465 km)
265 mi (426 km)
264 mi (425 km)
Power
1,500 shp (1.1 MW) at 3000 rpm
Combat Weight
58 short tons (53 t)
60 short tons (54 t)
M1A1: 63 short tons (57 t)M1A1SA: 67.6 short tons (61.3 t)
short tons (63.0 t)
SEP v1: 69.5 short tons (63.0 t)SEP v2: 71.2 short tons (64.6 t)SEP v3: 73.6 short tons (66.8 t)
Main armament
105 mm M68A1 rifled
120 mm M256 smoothbore
Crew
4 (commander, gunner, loader, driver)

References

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