| Res. | Record | Opponent | Method | Event | Date | Round | Time | Location | Notes |
| Loss | 16–6 | Paulo Costa | Decision (unanimous) | UFC 278 | August 20, 2022 | 3 | 5:00 | Salt Lake City, Utah, United States | Return to Middleweight. Fight of the Night. |
| Loss | 16–5 | Jan Błachowicz | KO (punches) | UFC 239 | July 6, 2019 | 2 | 1:39 | Las Vegas, Nevada, United States | Light Heavyweight debut. |
| Loss | 16–4 | Yoel Romero | KO (punches) | UFC 221 | February 10, 2018 | 3 | 1:48 | Perth, Western Australia, Australia | For the interim UFC Middleweight Championship. Romero missed weight (187.7 lb) and was ineligible to win the title. |
| Win | 16–3 | David Branch | TKO (submission to punches) | UFC Fight Night: Rockhold vs. Branch | September 16, 2017 | 2 | 4:04 | Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States | |
| Loss | 15–3 | Michael Bisping | KO (punches) | UFC 199 | June 4, 2016 | 1 | 3:36 | Inglewood, California, United States | Lost the UFC Middleweight Championship. |
| Win | 15–2 | Chris Weidman | TKO (punches) | UFC 194 | December 12, 2015 | 4 | 3:12 | Las Vegas, Nevada, United States | Won the UFC Middleweight Championship. Fight of the Night. |
| Win | 14–2 | Lyoto Machida | Submission (rear-naked choke) | UFC on Fox: Machida vs. Rockhold | April 18, 2015 | 2 | 2:31 | Newark, New Jersey, United States | Performance of the Night. |
| Win | 13–2 | Michael Bisping | Submission (guillotine choke) | UFC Fight Night: Rockhold vs. Bisping | November 8, 2014 | 2 | 0:57 | Sydney, Australia | Performance of the Night. |
| Win | 12–2 | Tim Boetsch | Submission (inverted triangle kimura) | UFC 172 | April 26, 2014 | 1 | 2:08 | Baltimore, Maryland, United States | |
| Win | 11–2 | Costas Philippou | KO (body kick) | UFC Fight Night: Rockhold vs. Philippou | January 15, 2014 | 1 | 2:31 | Duluth, Georgia, United States | Knockout of the Night. |
| Loss | 10–2 | Vitor Belfort | KO (spinning heel kick and punches) | UFC on FX: Belfort vs. Rockhold | May 18, 2013 | 1 | 2:32 | Jaraguá do Sul, Brazil | |
| Win | 10–1 | Tim Kennedy | Decision (unanimous) | Strikeforce: Rockhold vs. Kennedy | July 14, 2012 | 5 | 5:00 | Portland, Oregon, United States | Defended the Strikeforce Middleweight Championship. Broke the record for the most consecutive Strikeforce Middleweight Championship title defenses (2). |
| Win | 9–1 | Keith Jardine | TKO (punches) | Strikeforce: Rockhold vs. Jardine | January 7, 2012 | 1 | 4:26 | Paradise, Nevada, United States | Defended the Strikeforce Middleweight Championship. |
| Win | 8–1 | Ronaldo Souza | Decision (unanimous) | Strikeforce: Barnett vs. Kharitonov | September 10, 2011 | 5 | 5:00 | Cincinnati, Ohio, United States | Won the Strikeforce Middleweight Championship. |
| Win | 7–1 | Paul Bradley | TKO (knees to the body) | Strikeforce Challengers: Kaufman vs. Hashi | February 26, 2010 | 1 | 2:24 | San Jose, California, United States | |
| Win | 6–1 | Jesse Taylor | Submission (rear-naked choke) | Strikeforce Challengers: Gurgel vs. Evangelista | November 6, 2009 | 1 | 3:42 | Fresno, California, United States | |
| Win | 5–1 | Cory Devela | Submission (rear-naked choke) | Strikeforce Challengers: Villasenor vs. Cyborg | June 19, 2009 | 1 | 0:30 | Kent, Washington, United States | |
| Win | 4–1 | Buck Meredith | Submission (rear-naked choke) | Strikeforce: Shamrock vs. Diaz | April 11, 2009 | 1 | 4:07 | San Jose, California, United States | |
| Win | 3–1 | Nik Theotikos | Submission (rear-naked choke) | Strikeforce: Destruction | November 21, 2008 | 1 | 3:06 | San Jose, California, United States | |
| Win | 2–1 | Josh Neal | TKO (submission to punches) | Strikeforce: Young Guns II | February 1, 2008 | 1 | 1:49 | San Jose, California, United States | |
| Loss | 1–1 | Tony Rubalcava | TKO (punches) | Melee on the Mountain | November 6, 2007 | 1 | 2:46 | Friant, California, United States | |
| Win | 1–0 | Mike Martinez | Submission (armbar) | Melee on the Mountain | July 24, 2007 | 1 | 2:44 | Friant, California, United States | |