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Louis Leakey

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Louis Leakey

Louis Seymour Bazett Leakey (7 August 1903 – 1 October 1972) was a Kenyan-British palaeoanthropologist and archaeologist whose work was important in demonstrating that humans evolved in Africa, particularly through discoveries made at Olduvai Gorge with his wife, fellow palaeoanthropologist Mary Leakey. Having established a programme of palaeoanthropological inquiry in eastern Africa, he also motivated many future generations to continue this scholarly work. Several members of the Leakey family became prominent scholars themselves. Another of Leakey's legacies stems from his role in fostering field research of primates in their natural habitats, which he saw as key to understanding human evolution. He personally focused on three female researchers, Jane Goodall, Dian Fossey, and Birutė Galdikas, calling them "The Trimates." Each went on to become an important scholar in the field of primatology. Leakey also encouraged and supported many other PhD candidates, most notably from the University of Cambridge. As well, Leakey played a role in creating organisations for future research in Africa and for protecting wildlife there.

Infobox

Born
Louis Seymour Bazet Leakey(1903-08-07)7 August 1903Kabete, East Africa Protectorate
Died
1 October 1972(1972-10-01) (aged 69)London, England
Education
St John's College, Cambridge (BA, PhD)
Known for
Pioneering the study of human evolution in Africa
Spouses
mw- Frida Avern (m. 1928; div. 1936) Mary Leakey (m. 1936)
Children
5, includingColin LeakeyRichard LeakeyPhilip Leakey
Awards
Hubbard Medal (1962)Royal Geographical Society's Founder's Medal (1968)Prestwich Medal (1969)
Fields
Archaeology, palaeoanthropology, palaeontology

Tables

· Books
1931
1931
First publication date
1931
Title
The Stone Age Culture of Kenya Colony
Notes
Written in 1929. Illustrated by Frida Leakey.
1934
1934
First publication date
1934
Title
Adam's Ancestors: The Evolution of Man and His Culture
Notes
Multiple editions with rewrites, the 4th in 1955. Illustrated by Mary Leakey. Book reviews:
1935
1935
First publication date
1935
Title
The Stone Age races of Kenya
Notes
Proposes Homo kanamensis.
1936
1936
First publication date
1936
Title
Kenya: Contrasts and Problems
Notes
Written in 1935.
1936
1936
First publication date
1936
Title
Stone Age Africa: an Outline of Prehistory in Africa
Notes
Ten chapters consisting of the ten Munro Lectures delivered in 1936 by Leakey to Edinburgh University and intended by him as a textbook. Illustrated by Mary Leakey.
1937
1937
First publication date
1937
Title
White African: an Early Autobiography
Notes
Leakey described it as a "pot-boiler" written in 1936 for Hodder & Stoughton.
1951
1951
First publication date
1951
Title
The Miocene Hominoidea of East Africa
Notes
With Wilfrid Le Gros Clark. Volume I of the series Fossil Mammals of Africa published by the Natural History Museum in London.
1951
1951
First publication date
1951
Title
Olduvai Gorge: A Report on the Evolution of the Hand-Axe Culture in Beds I–IV
Notes
Started in 1935. Names the Olduwan Culture.
1952
1952
First publication date
1952
Title
Mau Mau and the Kikuyu
Notes
Online at
1953
1953
First publication date
1953
Title
Animals in Africa
Notes
Photographs by Ylla.
1954
1954
First publication date
1954
Title
Defeating Mau Mau
Notes
With Peter Schmidt. Online at
1965
1965
First publication date
1965
Title
Olduvai Gorge: A Preliminary Report on the Geology and Fauna, 1951–61
Notes
Volume 1.
1969
1969
First publication date
1969
Title
Unveiling Man's Origins
Notes
With Vanne Morris Goodall.
1969
1969
First publication date
1969
Title
Animals of East Africa: The Wild realm
1970
1970
First publication date
1970
Title
Olduvai Gorge, 1965–1967
1974
1974
First publication date
1974
Title
By the Evidence: Memoirs, 1932–1951
Notes
Written in 1972 and published posthumously. Leakey finished writing on the day before his death.
1977
1977
First publication date
1977
Title
The Southern Kikuyu before 1903
Notes
Published posthumously. The manuscript remained in Leakey's safe for decades for lack of a publisher. It was 3 volumes. He refused to follow editorial advice and shorten it.
First publication date
Title
Notes
1931
The Stone Age Culture of Kenya Colony
Written in 1929. Illustrated by Frida Leakey.
1934
Adam's Ancestors: The Evolution of Man and His Culture
Multiple editions with rewrites, the 4th in 1955. Illustrated by Mary Leakey. Book reviews:
1935
The Stone Age races of Kenya
Proposes Homo kanamensis.
1936
Kenya: Contrasts and Problems
Written in 1935.
1936
Stone Age Africa: an Outline of Prehistory in Africa
Ten chapters consisting of the ten Munro Lectures delivered in 1936 by Leakey to Edinburgh University and intended by him as a textbook. Illustrated by Mary Leakey.
1937
White African: an Early Autobiography
Leakey described it as a "pot-boiler" written in 1936 for Hodder & Stoughton.
1951
The Miocene Hominoidea of East Africa
With Wilfrid Le Gros Clark. Volume I of the series Fossil Mammals of Africa published by the Natural History Museum in London.
1951
Olduvai Gorge: A Report on the Evolution of the Hand-Axe Culture in Beds I–IV
Started in 1935. Names the Olduwan Culture.
1952
Mau Mau and the Kikuyu
Online at
1953
Animals in Africa
Photographs by Ylla.
1954
Defeating Mau Mau
With Peter Schmidt. Online at
1965
Olduvai Gorge: A Preliminary Report on the Geology and Fauna, 1951–61
Volume 1.
1969
Unveiling Man's Origins
With Vanne Morris Goodall.
1969
Animals of East Africa: The Wild realm
1970
Olduvai Gorge, 1965–1967
1974
By the Evidence: Memoirs, 1932–1951
Written in 1972 and published posthumously. Leakey finished writing on the day before his death.
1977
The Southern Kikuyu before 1903
Published posthumously. The manuscript remained in Leakey's safe for decades for lack of a publisher. It was 3 volumes. He refused to follow editorial advice and shorten it.

References

  1. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
    https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F16244
  2. Artsandculture.google.com
    https://artsandculture.google.com/asset/eliza-hubbard-woolmer-wife-of-james-leakey-james-leakey/TAEi-CnQwFiNMg?hl=en
  3. cwgc.org
    https://www.cwgc.org/find-records/find-war-dead/casualty-details/2539018/leakey,%20nigel%20gray/
  4. The Independent
    https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/agnes-hofmeyr-433687.html
  5. The Leakey Foundation
    https://leakeyfoundation.org/about/the-leakey-family/
  6. The New York Times
    https://www.nytimes.com/2007/01/06/opinion/06galdikas.html
  7. Morell, Virginia, "Called "'Trimates,' Three Bold Women Shaped Their Field". Science, Vol. 260, 16 April 1993, pp. 420–4
  8. Leakey reports in his Memoirs, Chapter 6
  9. According to Blake Edgar in Louis Leakey's Legacy: Celebrating the Centennial of His Extraordinary Life and Finds Archiv
    http://www.leakeyfoundation.org/newsandevents/n3.jsp
  10. Canon Leakey also was a naturalist and must have been a significant model, as Leakey wished originally to pattern his li
  11. The facts for this section were gathered mainly from Ancestral Passions, Chapter 1, "Kabete", and from the "Publisher's
  12. "Ancestral passions : the Leakey family and the quest for humankind's beginnings : Morell, Virginia : Internet Archive"
    https://archive.org/details/ancestralpassion0000more/page/28/mode/2up
  13. New Perspectives on Horned Dinosaurs: The Royal Tyrrell Museum Ceratopsian Symposium editors Michael J. Ryan, Brenda J.
  14. World Archaeology
    https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00438243.1988.9980056
  15. "Collection search: You searched for"
    https://www.britishmuseum.org/research/collection_online/search.aspx?place=52437&plaA=52437-3-1
  16. For an account of the incident refer to Hans Reck and the Discovery of O.H.1 Archived 3 February 2007 at the Wayback Mac
    http://www.calarts.edu/~shockley/oh1.html
  17. The source for this subsection is Morell, Chapter 3, "Laying Claim to the Earliest Man".
  18. Arthur Tindell Hopwood, Donald MacInnes, Vivian Fuchs, Captain Hewlitt, Frances Kenrick, Frida, Reck, and a number of Af
  19. Adam, Apes and Anthropology
    https://books.google.com/books?id=80hHDwAAQBAJ
  20. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
    https://www.oxforddnb.com/view/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-52219
  21. Paleo Core
    https://paleocore.org/origins/nomina/detail/69/
  22. Read about these events in Recent Research into Oldowan Hominin Activities at Kanjera South, Western Kenya, by L. C. Bis
    https://www.jstor.org/stable/25470615?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents
  23. This account is based on Morell, Chapter 4, "Louis and Mary".
  24. The team comprised Peter Bell (zoologist), Sam White (surveyor), Peter Kent (geologist), Heselon Mukiri, Thairu Irumbi,
  25. Head of the Department of Geology at the Imperial College of Science, London.
  26. Nature
    https://doi.org/10.1038%2F135371a0
  27. This account is based on Morell, Chapter 5, "Disaster at Kanam", supplemented with detail from Leakey's account in By th
  28. The initial chapters of By the Evidence and Morell, Chapter 6, "Olduvai's Bounty", describe the explorations on which th
  29. According to Leakey's Memoirs, Chapter 6, it was the chief who suggested she excavate. He knew artefacts were being wash
  30. Leakey describes this authority in Chapter 8 of his Memoirs as "...the CID... Special Branch, Section 6, concerned with
  31. Memoirs, Chapter 8.
  32. Memoirs, Chapter 9.
  33. Memoirs, Chapter 12.
  34. This section is based on Morell, Chapter 8, "Cloak-and-Dagger".
  35. This subsection is based on Morell's chapter 11, "Louis and Kenyatta".
  36. Morell, Chapter 12, "Our Man".
  37. September 1960, Finding the World's Earliest Man.
  38. Chronometric Dating in Archaeology, Vol. 2
  39. Morell, Chapter 14, "Mary's Dig".
  40. Smithsonian Institution, Human Origins Initiative
    http://humanorigins.si.edu/evidence/human-fossils/fossils/oh-9
  41. Morell Chapter 16, "The Human with Ability." Richard Leakey tells a different story about the name. See the Notes sectio
  42. These few paragraphs rely on Morell, Chapter 16, "The Human with Ability".
  43. Cameron B. Wesson, Historical Dictionary of Early North America, 2005, p. 35.
  44. Steven Mithen, After the Ice: a global human history, 20,000–5000 BC, 2006, p. 540.
  45. Mary Leakey, Disclosing the past, 1984, pp. 142–144.
  46. Morell, Virginia, "Called 'Trimates,' Three Bold Women Shaped Their Field", Science, Vol. 260, 16 April 1993, pp. 420–42
  47. Morell Chapter 23, "Mining Hominids at Olduvai".
  48. Morell, Chapters 27-30.
  49. Morell, Chapter 30, "An End and a Beginning".
  50. www.panafprehistory.org
    http://www.panafprehistory.org/en/static/previous-congress-proceedings
  51. Kenya Past and Present
    https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA02578301_292
  52. The Woman Who Redefined Man
    https://books.google.com/books?id=m4qE4IPG6bIC&pg=498
  53. PBS
    https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aso/databank/entries/boleak.html
  54. The Leakey Foundation
    https://leakeyfoundation.org/
  55. Most of them have many publishers in many editions.
  56. "Prehistory and Physical Anthropology", American Anthropologist.
    https://www.jstor.org/stable/661984
  57. "Mau Mau and the Kikuyu – 1952, Page iii by L. S. B. Leakey"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20090822124716/http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=55014383
  58. "Defeating Mau Mau – 1954, Page iii by L. S. B. Leakey"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20090818203919/http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5658080
  59. The second volume, Olduvai Gorge: the Cranium and Maxillary Dentition of Australopithecus (Zinjanthropus) boisei, was wr
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