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List of soups

Updated: 11/6/2025, 12:36:22 AM Wikipedia source

This is a list of notable soups. Soups have been made since ancient times. Some soups are served with large chunks of meat or vegetables left in the liquid, while others are served as a broth. A broth is a flavored liquid usually derived from boiling a type of meat with bone, a spice mix, or a vegetable mix for a period of time in a stock. A potage is a category of thick soups, stews, or porridges, in some of which meat and vegetables are boiled together with water until they form a thick mush. Bisques are heavy cream soups traditionally prepared with shellfish, but can be made with any type of seafood or other base ingredients. Cream soups are dairy based soups. Although they may be consumed on their own, or with a meal, the canned, condensed form of cream soup is sometimes used as a quick sauce in a variety of meat and pasta convenience food dishes, such as casseroles. Similar to bisques, chowders are thick soups usually containing some type of starch. Coulis were originally meat juices, and now are thick purées. While soups are usually heated, some soups are served only cold and other soups can optionally be served cold.

Tables

· Soups
Abula (soup)
Abula (soup)
Name
Abula (soup)
Origin
Yorubaland
Type
Smooth
Distinctive ingredients and description
Beans (including locust beans), ewedu, chili peppers, potash and other vegetables blended into water until smooth.
Aguadito
Aguadito
Name
Aguadito
Origin
Peru
Type
Chunky
Distinctive ingredients and description
Peruvian green soup usually made with cilantro, carrot, peas, potatoes and can have chicken, hen, mussels or fish. It also contains ají amarillo (yellow chili pepper) and various other vegetables and spices. The green color is due to cilantro. It is known for having a potential for easing or alleviating symptoms associated with the hangover.
Ajiaco
Ajiaco
Name
Ajiaco
Origin
Colombia
Type
Chunky
Distinctive ingredients and description
In the Colombian capital of Bogotá, ajiaco is typically made with chicken, three varieties of potatoes, and the Galinsoga parviflora herb commonly referred to in Colombia as guascas. In Cuba, it is a hearty stew made from beef, pork, chicken, vegetables, and a variety of starchy roots and tubers classified as viandas.
Açorda
Açorda
Name
Açorda
Origin
Portugal
Type
Chunky
Distinctive ingredients and description
A typical Portuguese dish composed of thinly sliced bread with garlic, large amounts of finely chopped coriander, olive oil, vinegar, water, white pepper, salt and poached eggs.
Acquacotta
Acquacotta
Name
Acquacotta
Origin
Italy
Type
Chunky
Distinctive ingredients and description
Originally a peasant food, historically, its primary ingredients were water, stale bread, onion, tomato, olive oil and any spare vegetables or leftovers. It has been described as an ancient dish.
Aloo tama
Aloo tama
Name
Aloo tama
Origin
Nepal
Type
Chunky
Distinctive ingredients and description
Fermented bamboo shoots, potato, and black-eyed peas in a broth
Amish preaching soup
Amish preaching soup
Name
Amish preaching soup
Origin
United States
Type
Chunky
Distinctive ingredients and description
Typically served preceding or following Amish church services. Some versions are prepared with beans and ham hocks.
Analı kızlı soup
Analı kızlı soup
Name
Analı kızlı soup
Origin
Turkey
Type
Chunky
Distinctive ingredients and description
Bulgur meatballs and chickpeas in gravy with yogurt
Ant egg soup
Ant egg soup
Name
Ant egg soup
Origin
Laos, Northeastern Thailand
Type
Chunky
Distinctive ingredients and description
A soup including ant eggs among its ingredients. Served hot.
Apple soup
Apple soup
Name
Apple soup
Type
Typically smooth
Distinctive ingredients and description
Any number of soups that use apple as a primary ingredient, usually with vegetables, spices, and broth.
Ash-e doogh
Ash-e doogh
Name
Ash-e doogh
Origin
Iran, Azerbaijan, Turkey
Type
Potage
Distinctive ingredients and description
A yogurt soup that consists of yogurt and leafy vegetables. Served hot.
Aush, aash, āsh
Aush, aash, āsh
Name
Aush, aash, āsh
Origin
Iran, Afghanistan, Turkey, Caucasus
Type
Potage
Distinctive ingredients and description
A variety of thick soups, served hot - with many different types of recipes and regional differences.
Avgolemono
Avgolemono
Name
Avgolemono
Origin
Greece
Type
Potage
Distinctive ingredients and description
Chicken broth, rice or orzo, and lemon, thickened with tempered eggs
Avocado soup
Avocado soup
Name
Avocado soup
Distinctive ingredients and description
Can be prepared and served as a cold or hot soup
Bacon soup
Bacon soup
Name
Bacon soup
Origin
Europe
Type
Chunky
Distinctive ingredients and description
Bacon, vegetables, and a thickening agent. Pictured is celery and bacon soup.
Bak kut teh
Bak kut teh
Name
Bak kut teh
Origin
Indonesia, Malaysia and Singapore
Type
Herbal
Distinctive ingredients and description
Consists of meaty pork ribs simmered in a complex broth of herbs and spices (including star anise, cinnamon, cloves, dang gui, fennel seeds and garlic) for hours.
Bakso
Bakso
Name
Bakso
Origin
Indonesia
Type
Meatballs soup
Distinctive ingredients and description
Meatball noodle soup in rich beef broth, sometimes include bok choy, noodles, tofu, hard-boiled egg, fried shallots and wontons.
Barley
Barley
Name
Barley
Origin
Ancient
Type
Chunky
Distinctive ingredients and description
Barley, vegetables, and broth
Batchoy
Batchoy
Name
Batchoy
Origin
Philippines
Type
Noodle soup
Distinctive ingredients and description
A Filipino noodle soup made with pork offal, crushed pork cracklings, chicken stock, beef loin and round noodles.
Beef noodle soup
Beef noodle soup
Name
Beef noodle soup
Origin
East Asia
Type
Noodle
Distinctive ingredients and description
Stewed or red braised beef, beef broth, vegetables and Chinese noodles. It exists in various forms throughout East Asia and Southeast Asia, and is popular as a Chinese and Taiwanese noodle soup.
Beer soup
Beer soup
Name
Beer soup
Origin
Europe
Type
Beverage soup
Distinctive ingredients and description
Recipe from the Middle Ages using heated beer and pieces of bread; though other ingredients were also used.
Bergen fish soup
Bergen fish soup
Name
Bergen fish soup
Origin
Norway
Type
Fish
Distinctive ingredients and description
White fish (haddock, halibut, cod) and various vegetables in a heavy cream
Bermuda fish chowder
Bermuda fish chowder
Name
Bermuda fish chowder
Origin
Bermuda
Type
Chowder
Distinctive ingredients and description
Fish, tomato, onion, other vegetables, served with black rum and "sherry peppers". The national dish of Bermuda.
Bilo-bilo
Bilo-bilo
Name
Bilo-bilo
Origin
Philippines
Type
Dessert
Distinctive ingredients and description
A Filipino dessert soup made of small glutinous balls (sticky rice flour rounded up by adding water) in coconut milk, sugar, jackfruit, saba bananas, various tubers, and tapioca pearls.
Binakol
Binakol
Name
Binakol
Origin
Philippines
Type
Chicken
Distinctive ingredients and description
A Filipino chicken soup made from chicken cooked in coconut water with grated coconut, green papaya (or chayote), leafy vegetables, garlic, onion, ginger, lemongrass, and patis (fish sauce).
Binignit
Binignit
Name
Binignit
Origin
Philippines
Type
Dessert
Distinctive ingredients and description
Coconut milk, glutinous rice, fruits, root crops, and tapioca pearls, served hot but sometimes chilled
Bird's nest soup
Bird's nest soup
Name
Bird's nest soup
Origin
China
Type
Gelatinous
Distinctive ingredients and description
Edible bird's nest, an expensive delicacy valued for its unusual texture
Black sesame soup
Black sesame soup
Name
Black sesame soup
Origin
China
Type
Dessert
Distinctive ingredients and description
A sweet soup containing powdered black sesame seeds and rice, typically served warm
Blåbärssoppa (Blueberry soup)
Blåbärssoppa (Blueberry soup)
Name
Blåbärssoppa (Blueberry soup)
Origin
Nordic countries
Type
Smooth
Distinctive ingredients and description
A sweet, thick soup made from Bilberries (European blueberries) which is popular in Sweden, Finland, and Iceland. Can be served hot or cold.
Bob chorba
Bob chorba
Name
Bob chorba
Origin
Bulgaria
Type
Bean
Distinctive ingredients and description
Dried beans, onions, tomatoes, chubritza (summer savoury) or dzhodzhen (spearmint), carrots
Borscht/ Borshch
Borscht/ Borshch
Name
Borscht/ Borshch
Origin
Eastern Europe
Type
Chunky
Distinctive ingredients and description
Cabbage and beet-based soup with meat. May be served hot or cold. A national Ukrainian dish and wide spread Belarusian, Polish (with mushrooms instead of cabbage, served on the Christmas Eve) and Russian dish.
Bouillabaisse
Bouillabaisse
Name
Bouillabaisse
Origin
France
Type
Fish
Distinctive ingredients and description
A type of fish soup from Provençal, France.
Bouillon
Bouillon
Name
Bouillon
Origin
Haiti
Distinctive ingredients and description
Sliced meat, potatoes, sliced plantains, yam, cabbage, and celery. Traditionally prepared on Saturdays
Bouneschlupp
Bouneschlupp
Name
Bouneschlupp
Origin
Luxembourg
Distinctive ingredients and description
Green beans, potatoes, bacon and onions.
Bourou-Bourou
Bourou-Bourou
Name
Bourou-Bourou
Origin
Greece (Corfu)
Type
Potage
Distinctive ingredients and description
Vegetable and pasta
Bread soup
Bread soup
Name
Bread soup
Origin
Germany
Type
Bread
Distinctive ingredients and description
Stale bread in a broth
Brenebon
Brenebon
Name
Brenebon
Origin
The Netherlands and Indonesia
Type
Beans
Distinctive ingredients and description
Kidney bean soup served in pig's trotters broth, spiced with shallot, garlic, salt, sugar, pepper, nutmeg and clove. Mixed with chopped green beans, celery and scallion.
Brown Windsor soup
Brown Windsor soup
Name
Brown Windsor soup
Origin
England
Type
Chunky
Distinctive ingredients and description
Lamb or beef steak, parsnips, carrots, leeks, bouquet garni, Madeira wine; popular in England during the Victorian and Edwardian eras
Bun bo Hue
Bun bo Hue
Name
Bun bo Hue
Origin
Vietnam
Type
Noodle
Distinctive ingredients and description
A noodle soup from central Vietnam, with beef.
Buridda
Buridda
Name
Buridda
Origin
Italy (Liguria)
Type
Chunky
Distinctive ingredients and description
Seafood soup or stew.
Butajiru (Tonjiru)
Butajiru (Tonjiru)
Name
Butajiru (Tonjiru)
Origin
Japan
Type
Chunky
Distinctive ingredients and description
Pork and vegetable soup, flavored with miso.
Cabbage soup, kapusniak, kapustnica, zelnacka
Cabbage soup, kapusniak, kapustnica, zelnacka
Name
Cabbage soup, kapusniak, kapustnica, zelnacka
Origin
PolandSlovakiaRussiaUkraineCzech Republic
Type
Chunky
Distinctive ingredients and description
Sauerkraut, meat
Cacciucco
Cacciucco
Name
Cacciucco
Origin
Italy
Distinctive ingredients and description
Seafood soup or stew.
Caldillo de congrio
Caldillo de congrio
Name
Caldillo de congrio
Origin
Chile
Type
Eel
Distinctive ingredients and description
Conger eel heads, garlic, onion, coriander, carrots, pepper, chopped tomatoes, cream, boiled potatoes, and conger meat.
Caldillo de perro
Caldillo de perro
Name
Caldillo de perro
Origin
Spain (southern)
Type
Seafood
Distinctive ingredients and description
Seafood, hake, garlic, olive oil, lemons, and Seville oranges. It is customarily served with sour orange juice.
Caldo de pollo
Caldo de pollo
Name
Caldo de pollo
Origin
Latin America
Type
Chunky
Distinctive ingredients and description
Whole cuts of chicken, halved potatoes, cabbage leaves, and other large preparations of vegetables.
Caldo de queso
Caldo de queso
Name
Caldo de queso
Origin
Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
Type
Chunky
Distinctive ingredients and description
Potatoes, onions, tomato, green chiles, and oregano are simmered in broth. Cubes of cheese (usually queso ranchero, queso fresco or queso cotija are added to the broth at the end of cooking, flavoring the broth and giving the cheese a gummy, chewy texture.
Caldo galego
Caldo galego
Name
Caldo galego
Origin
Galicia, Spain
Type
Chunky
Distinctive ingredients and description
Cabbage and other greens simmered with potatoes, white beans, and cuts of pork such as belly, ham, bacon, or chorizo.
Caldo tlalpeño
Caldo tlalpeño
Name
Caldo tlalpeño
Origin
Mexico
Type
Chunky
Distinctive ingredients and description
A chicken soup with chickpeas, carrots, onion, green beans, and garlic flavored with epazote, cumin, and chipotle.
Caldo verde
Caldo verde
Name
Caldo verde
Origin
Portugal and Brazil
Type
Chunky
Distinctive ingredients and description
Potatoes, thinly sliced kale, with slices of chouriço added before serving.
Callaloo
Callaloo
Name
Callaloo
Origin
Caribbean
Type
Chowder
Distinctive ingredients and description
Taro leaf or other leafy greens, usually with pork or crab added for flavor. The greens referred to as callaloo vary from island to island depending on availability.
Canh chua
Canh chua
Name
Canh chua
Origin
Vietnam
Type
Fish
Distinctive ingredients and description
A fish soup from southern Vietnam, made sour with tamarind.
Canja de Galinha
Canja de Galinha
Name
Canja de Galinha
Origin
Portugal, Brazil, Cape Verde
Type
Chunky
Distinctive ingredients and description
Chicken, pasta and lemon, particularly popular in the states of Minas Gerais and Goiás
Carp soup [cs]
Carp soup [cs]
Name
Carp soup [cs]
Origin
Czech Republic
Type
Fish
Distinctive ingredients and description
Carp's head and offal, onion and vegetable. Part of traditional Czech Christmas Eve dinner.
Carrot soup
Carrot soup
Name
Carrot soup
Distinctive ingredients and description
Prepared with carrot as a primary ingredient, it can be prepared as a cream-style soup and as a broth-style soup.
Cazuela
Cazuela
Name
Cazuela
Origin
Latin America
Type
Chunky
Distinctive ingredients and description
Clear broth, rice, potato, squash or pumpkin, corn and chicken or beef. Eaten in South America and Spain, it combines native and introduced ingredients. Pictured is an Ecuadorian cazuela.
Česnečka
Česnečka
Name
Česnečka
Origin
Czech Republic, Slovakia
Type
Brothy
Distinctive ingredients and description
A thin garlic soup with sliced potatoes, typically served with fried bread cubes
Chestnut bisque
Chestnut bisque
Name
Chestnut bisque
Origin
France
Type
Bisque
Distinctive ingredients and description
Chestnuts are a primary ingredient.
Chicken noodle soup
Chicken noodle soup
Name
Chicken noodle soup
Type
Noodle
Distinctive ingredients and description
Chicken, stock, noodles, such as egg noodles
Chicken soup
Chicken soup
Name
Chicken soup
Type
Clear or Stock
Distinctive ingredients and description
Made from chicken simmered with various other ingredients. Pictured is southern Chinese style chicken soup with mushrooms and corn.
Chicken vegetable soup
Chicken vegetable soup
Name
Chicken vegetable soup
Type
Vegetable soup
Distinctive ingredients and description
Chicken, stock, onion, green beans, carrots, potato
Chorba, shorba
Chorba, shorba
Name
Chorba, shorba
Origin
Balkans, North Africa, Central Europe, Eastern Europe, Central Asia, Middle East, Indian subcontinent
Type
Stock
Distinctive ingredients and description
Regionally recipes are made in different ways, but most all are a thinner, broth soup.
Chupe
Chupe
Name
Chupe
Origin
Peru
Type
Chowder
Distinctive ingredients and description
Thin, milky seafood soup, also referred to as Chupe de Mariscos
Chupe Andino
Chupe Andino
Name
Chupe Andino
Origin
Andes
Distinctive ingredients and description
Refers to various soups and stews that are prepared in Andes Mountains region of South America
Cioppino
Cioppino
Name
Cioppino
Origin
San Francisco, California
Type
Fish
Distinctive ingredients and description
Fish stew with tomatoes and a variety of fish and shellfish (Italian-American)
Clam chowder
Clam chowder
Name
Clam chowder
Origin
United States (New England)
Type
Chowder
Distinctive ingredients and description
Thick soup made of clams, potatoes, salt pork and onions
Cockchafer soup
Cockchafer soup
Name
Cockchafer soup
Origin
Europe
Type
Smooth or brothy
Distinctive ingredients and description
Cockchafer insects are fried and then simmered in stock, typically served with slices of veal liver or dove breast, and croutons
Cock-a-leekie
Cock-a-leekie
Name
Cock-a-leekie
Origin
Scotland
Type
Chunky
Distinctive ingredients and description
Leek and potato soup made with chicken stock
Coconut soup
Coconut soup
Name
Coconut soup
Type
Chunky
Distinctive ingredients and description
Coconut or coconut milk
Cold borscht / Šaltibarščiai
Cold borscht / Šaltibarščiai
Name
Cold borscht / Šaltibarščiai
Origin
Lithuania
Type
Cold (chilled)
Distinctive ingredients and description
Beetroot (or sometimes tomato), popular in Eastern Europe. A Lithuanian specialty, usually made in summer time in one variety, almost always cold. Based on beets, usually served with either hot boiled or fried potatoes.
Consommé
Consommé
Name
Consommé
Origin
France
Type
Clear or Stock
Distinctive ingredients and description
A type of clear soup made from broth or stock.
Corn chowder
Corn chowder
Name
Corn chowder
Origin
United States (New England)
Type
Chowder
Distinctive ingredients and description
Similar to New England clam chowder, with corn substituted for clams in the recipe
Crab bisque
Crab bisque
Name
Crab bisque
Origin
France
Type
Bisque
Distinctive ingredients and description
Crab stock and heavy cream
Cream of apple soup
Cream of apple soup
Name
Cream of apple soup
Type
Cream
Distinctive ingredients and description
Granny Smith apples, stock, cream, spices
Cream of asparagus
Cream of asparagus
Name
Cream of asparagus
Type
Cream
Distinctive ingredients and description
Onions, asparagus, chicken broth, heavy cream
Cream of broccoli
Cream of broccoli
Name
Cream of broccoli
Type
Cream
Distinctive ingredients and description
Broccoli, stock, and milk or cream as primary ingredients
Cream of celery
Cream of celery
Name
Cream of celery
Type
Cream
Cream of chicken
Cream of chicken
Name
Cream of chicken
Type
Cream
Distinctive ingredients and description
Mass-produced in a condensed soup form, various non-commercial and homemade variations also exist
Cream of potato
Cream of potato
Name
Cream of potato
Type
Cream
Cream of tomato
Cream of tomato
Name
Cream of tomato
Type
Cream
Cream of crab
Cream of crab
Name
Cream of crab
Origin
France
Type
Bisque
Distinctive ingredients and description
Pictured is Maryland cream of crab soup.
Cream of mushroom
Cream of mushroom
Name
Cream of mushroom
Type
Cream
Crème Ninon
Crème Ninon
Name
Crème Ninon
Origin
France
Type
Bisque
Distinctive ingredients and description
Base of a heavy stock purée of green peas and dry champagne
Cucumber soup
Cucumber soup
Name
Cucumber soup
Type
Cold (chilled)
Distinctive ingredients and description
Cucumber soup is known in various cuisines.
Cullen skink
Cullen skink
Name
Cullen skink
Origin
Scotland
Type
Fish
Distinctive ingredients and description
Smoked haddock, potatoes, onions and cream
Curry Mee
Curry Mee
Name
Curry Mee
Origin
Indonesia and Malaysia
Type
Noodle
Distinctive ingredients and description
Thin yellow noodles or/and string thin mee-hoon (rice vermicelli) with spicy curry soup, chilli/sambal, coconut milk, and a choice of dried tofu, prawns, cuttlefish, chicken, egg, mint leaves and cockle.
Dalithoy
Dalithoy
Name
Dalithoy
Origin
India (Konkan region)
Type
Hot, Vegetable
Distinctive ingredients and description
Soup made with split yellow lentils and spices. It is a Konkani staple that is often served over rice.
Dashi
Dashi
Name
Dashi
Origin
Japan
Type
Cold (chilled)
Distinctive ingredients and description
Clear fish stock made with kombu (sea kelp) and katsuobushi (smoked bonito flakes). Dashi broth is often used as a base for miso soup and other Japanese soup broths.
Dillegrout
Dillegrout
Name
Dillegrout
Origin
England
Type
Stew
Distinctive ingredients and description
Chicken pottage made with almond milk, sugar, and spices traditionally presented at coronations of English monarchs by the lord of the manor of Addington.
Dinengdeng
Dinengdeng
Name
Dinengdeng
Origin
Philippines
Type
Fermented
Distinctive ingredients and description
A dish of the Ilocano people of the Philippines, similar to pinakbet. It is classified as a bagoong monamon (fermented fish) soup-based dish.
Duck soup noodles
Duck soup noodles
Name
Duck soup noodles
Origin
Malaysia
Type
Noodle
Distinctive ingredients and description
The dish consists of ingredients such as duck meat in hot soup with mixed herbs and Bee sua served in particular at Penang hawker centres.
Edikang ikong
Edikang ikong
Name
Edikang ikong
Origin
Nigeria (Cross River and Akwa Ibom States)
Type
Chunky
Distinctive ingredients and description
A variety of meat products including beef, bushmeat, cow tripe, dried fish, crayfish, periwinkle, leaf vegetables, and palm oil
Egg drop soup
Egg drop soup
Name
Egg drop soup
Origin
China
Type
Noodle
Distinctive ingredients and description
Savory soup made by pouring beaten eggs into swirling boiling water or broth
Egusi soup
Egusi soup
Name
Egusi soup
Origin
Nigeria
Type
Chunky (Medicine)
Distinctive ingredients and description
A soup thickened with Egusi, the culinary name for various types of seeds from gourd plants, like melon and squash.
Ezogelin soup
Ezogelin soup
Name
Ezogelin soup
Origin
Turkey
Type
Chunky
Distinctive ingredients and description
Savory soup made by red lentil, bulgur, onion, garlic, salt, olive oil, black pepper, hot pepper and peppermint
Escudella
Escudella
Name
Escudella
Origin
Spain (Catalonia)
Type
Stew
Distinctive ingredients and description
A traditional Catalan meat and vegetable stew and soup. Typically during Christmas celebrations.
Fabada Asturiana
Fabada Asturiana
Name
Fabada Asturiana
Origin
Spain (Asturias)
Type
Chunky
Distinctive ingredients and description
Dried large white beans (fabes de la Granja, soaked overnight before use), shoulder of pork (lacón) or bacon (tocino), black pudding (morcilla), chorizo, and saffron (azafrán)
Fanesca
Fanesca
Name
Fanesca
Origin
Ecuador
Type
Fish
Distinctive ingredients and description
Cod soup
Fish soup bee hoon
Fish soup bee hoon
Name
Fish soup bee hoon
Origin
Singapore
Type
Fish/seafood
Distinctive ingredients and description
Seafood soup served with thin noodles called Bee hoon.
Fish
Fish
Name
Fish
Type
Clear or Stock
Fisherman's Soup
Fisherman's Soup
Name
Fisherman's Soup
Origin
Hungary
Type
Fish
Distinctive ingredients and description
Ηot and spicy river fish soup with a lot of hot paprika (Hungarian: Halászlé)
French onion soup
French onion soup
Name
French onion soup
Origin
France
Type
Potage
Distinctive ingredients and description
Deep, rich broth made with onions and beef. Often topped with croutons and gruyere cheese melted golden on top, over the edges of the bowl.
Frittatensuppe
Frittatensuppe
Name
Frittatensuppe
Origin
Austria
Type
Clear
Distinctive ingredients and description
Broth with crumbled slices of pancakes, also popular in South Germany and Switzerland (Pfannkuchensuppe, Flädlisuppe)
Fruktsoppa
Fruktsoppa
Name
Fruktsoppa
Origin
Sweden
Type
Dessert soup
Distinctive ingredients and description
Typically prepared using dried fruits, and typically served as a dessert dish. It may be served hot or cold.
Fufu and Egusi soup
Fufu and Egusi soup
Name
Fufu and Egusi soup
Origin
Nigeria
Type
Chunky
Distinctive ingredients and description
Vegetables, meat, fish, and balls of ground melon seed
Fumet
Fumet
Name
Fumet
Origin
Europe
Type
Clear or Stock
Distinctive ingredients and description
Fish stock, often concentrated and used as a base for sauces, and usually made with fish heads and bones
Garmugia
Garmugia
Name
Garmugia
Origin
Italy (Lucca, Tuscany, central Italy)
Type
Chunky
Distinctive ingredients and description
Primary ingredients include chicken or vegetable stock or broth, asparagus, artichoke hearts, fava beans, peas, onion and meats, such as pancetta and veal.
Gazpacho
Gazpacho
Name
Gazpacho
Origin
Spain
Type
Cold (chilled)
Distinctive ingredients and description
Pureed tomato and vegetables
Ginataan
Ginataan
Name
Ginataan
Origin
Philippines
Type
Chunky
Distinctive ingredients and description
Method of cooking using coconut milk. Due to the general nature of the term, it can refer to a number of different dishes, each called ginataan, but distinct from one another.
Ginestrata
Ginestrata
Name
Ginestrata
Origin
Italy (Tuscany, Northern Italy)
Type
Clear or stock
Distinctive ingredients and description
Thin, lightly spiced egg-based soup prepared with primary ingredients of egg yolks, chicken stock, and Marsala wine or white wine
Gising-gising
Gising-gising
Name
Gising-gising
Origin
Philippines
Type
Chunky
Distinctive ingredients and description
A spicy Filipino vegetable soup or stew traditionally made with chopped winged beans (sigarillas or sigarilyas), and coconut milk spiced with labuyo chili, garlic, onions, and bagoong alamang (shrimp paste).
Goat meat pepper soup
Goat meat pepper soup
Name
Goat meat pepper soup
Origin
Nigeria
Distinctive ingredients and description
Common ingredients are goat meat, crayfish, Uziza, Negro Pepper (also called Uda Ewentia or Enge) and nutmeg, such as Calabash Nutmeg (also called Ehu or Ariwo).
Gogi guksu
Gogi guksu
Name
Gogi guksu
Origin
South Korea (Jeju Province)
Distinctive ingredients and description
Pork and noodle soup
Gomguk
Gomguk
Name
Gomguk
Origin
Korea
Type
Chunky
Distinctive ingredients and description
Beef parts such as ribs, oxtail, brisket, ox's head or ox bones by slow simmering on a low flame. The broth of gomguk tends to have a milky color, with a rich and hearty taste.
Goulash
Goulash
Name
Goulash
Origin
Hungary
Type
Chunky
Distinctive ingredients and description
Meat (usually beef), paprika and vegetables (especially potatoes). Hungarian: gulyás translates roughly as cowboy
Ground nut soup
Ground nut soup
Name
Ground nut soup
Origin
West Africa
Distinctive ingredients and description
Groundnuts, also known as peanuts
Kimchi guk
Kimchi guk
Name
Kimchi guk
Origin
Korea
Type
Chunky
Distinctive ingredients and description
Kimchi soup
Gumbo
Gumbo
Name
Gumbo
Origin
United States (Louisiana)
Type
Chunky
Distinctive ingredients and description
Creole soup from the American South, most popular in New Orleans. Often includes seafood, made with shrimp or crab stock and andouille sausage and thickened with a dark roux.
Guthuk
Guthuk
Name
Guthuk
Origin
Tibet
Type
Chunky
Distinctive ingredients and description
A thick soup eaten days before the Losar, the Tibetan New Year, made with various meats, vegetables, and leftover grains
Harira
Harira
Name
Harira
Origin
Maghreb
Type
Chunky
Distinctive ingredients and description
Popular as a starter but is also eaten on its own as a light snack. There are many variations and it is mostly served during Ramadan, although it can be made throughout the year.
Harqma
Harqma
Name
Harqma
Origin
Maghreb
Type
Chunky
Distinctive ingredients and description
A lamb stew, sometimes using lamb's trotters, often consumed during Ramadan.
Hot and sour soup
Hot and sour soup
Name
Hot and sour soup
Origin
Asia
Type
Chunky
Distinctive ingredients and description
Soups from several Asian culinary traditions. In all cases, the soup contains ingredients to make it both spicy and sour.
Ikan kuah kuning
Ikan kuah kuning
Name
Ikan kuah kuning
Origin
Indonesia (Maluku, Papua)
Type
Fish
Distinctive ingredients and description
Fish in a clear yellow broth. It is a side dish of papeda.
Inubaran
Inubaran
Name
Inubaran
Origin
Philippines
Distinctive ingredients and description
A Filipino chicken stew or soup made with chicken cooked with diced banana pith, coconut milk (gata) or coconut cream (kakang gata), a souring agent, lemongrass, and various spices.
Íslensk Kjötsúpa
Íslensk Kjötsúpa
Name
Íslensk Kjötsúpa
Origin
Iceland
Type
Chunky
Distinctive ingredients and description
Meat soup made with lamb and vegetables
Joumou
Joumou
Name
Joumou
Origin
Haiti
Type
Chunky
Distinctive ingredients and description
Mildly spicy squash soup made with pieces of beef, potato, plantains and vegetables such as parsley, carrots, green cabbage, celery and onions. It is eaten every first of January in honor of Haitian independence in 1804.
Jusselle
Jusselle
Name
Jusselle
Origin
Ancient Rome
Type
Potage
Distinctive ingredients and description
Grated bread, eggs, sage and saffron cooked together in broth
Kadyos, baboy, kag langka
Kadyos, baboy, kag langka
Name
Kadyos, baboy, kag langka
Origin
Philippines
Type
Pork
Distinctive ingredients and description
Pigeon peas, ham hock, and jackfruit soured with batuan fruits (Garcinia binucao)
Kadyos, manok, kag ubad
Kadyos, manok, kag ubad
Name
Kadyos, manok, kag ubad
Origin
Philippines
Type
Chicken
Distinctive ingredients and description
Pigeon peas, chicken, and banana pith
Kawlata
Kawlata
Name
Kawlata
Origin
Malta
Type
Brothy
Distinctive ingredients and description
A primarily vegetable soup made with cabbage and pork, eaten usually during the winter
Kesäkeitto
Kesäkeitto
Name
Kesäkeitto
Origin
Finland
Type
Chunky
Distinctive ingredients and description
Potatoes, carrots, peas, cauliflower and sometimes other seasonal vegetables cooked in milk and butter
Kharcho
Kharcho
Name
Kharcho
Origin
Georgia
Type
Chunky
Distinctive ingredients and description
Lamb, rice, vegetables and a highly spiced bouillon
Kusksu
Kusksu
Name
Kusksu
Origin
Malta
Type
Chunky
Distinctive ingredients and description
Kusksu is a traditional Maltese soup made primarily from seasonal broad beans, small pasta beads - known locally as kusksu - and fresh ġbejniet. Although similar is shape, kusksu pasta, which gives the soup its name, is "not to be confused with couscous".
Kwāti
Kwāti
Name
Kwāti
Origin
Nepal
Type
Chunky
Distinctive ingredients and description
Mixed soup of nine types of sprouted beans: black gram, green gram, chickpea, field bean, soybean, field pea, garden pea, cowpea, and rice bean
Laksa
Laksa
Name
Laksa
Origin
Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore
Type
Noodle
Distinctive ingredients and description
A Peranakan noodle soup usually consisting of a spicy curried coconut broth or a tart broth. Additional ingredients may include meats, fish, tofu, vegetables and herbs.
Lagman
Lagman
Name
Lagman
Origin
Uzbekistan
Type
Chunky
Distinctive ingredients and description
Pasta, vegetables, ground lamb and numerous spices
Leek soup
Leek soup
Name
Leek soup
Origin
Wales
Type
Chunky
Distinctive ingredients and description
Leeks and often potatoes. Popular during St. David's Day. Pictured is leek and potato soup.
Lettuce soup
Lettuce soup
Name
Lettuce soup
Distinctive ingredients and description
Lettuce is a primary ingredient. Some versions purée all of the ingredients together, and cream of lettuce soup is a type of lettuce soup.
Lentil soup
Lentil soup
Name
Lentil soup
Origin
Ancient
Type
Chunky
Distinctive ingredients and description
Red, green, or brown lentils. Popular in the Middle East and Mediterranean area.
Linat-an
Linat-an
Name
Linat-an
Origin
Philippines
Distinctive ingredients and description
Pork stew or soup from the Visayas and Mindanao islands of the Philippines that characteristically uses pork ribs (or other bony cuts of pork) simmered until very tender, lemongrass (tanglad), string beans, starchy ingredients for a thicker soup (usually taro), and various other vegetables.
Lobster stew
Lobster stew
Name
Lobster stew
Origin
Spain
Type
Chunky
Distinctive ingredients and description
Cream or stock-based soup with chunks of lobster
Lobster bisque
Lobster bisque
Name
Lobster bisque
Origin
France
Type
Bisque
Distinctive ingredients and description
Lobster stock, heavy cream, and sherry
Log-log
Log-log
Name
Log-log
Origin
Philippines
Type
Noodle
Distinctive ingredients and description
Egg noodle soup (regional variants include Kinalas, Batchoy)
Lohikeitto
Lohikeitto
Name
Lohikeitto
Origin
Finland
Type
Fish
Distinctive ingredients and description
Salmon, potatoes (other root vegetables can be added such as rutabaga, carrots, onions), cream, and dill
Lung fung soup
Lung fung soup
Name
Lung fung soup
Origin
China
Type
Snake
Distinctive ingredients and description
Snake, chicken, lemon, chili peppers, and other vegetables.
Lyvzha
Lyvzha
Name
Lyvzha
Origin
Ossetia
Type
Beef
Distinctive ingredients and description
Beef, potatoes, onion, garlic, carrots and thyme, etc.
Maccu
Maccu
Name
Maccu
Origin
Italy (Sicily)
Type
Chunky
Distinctive ingredients and description
Fava beans is a primary ingredient
Maki mi
Maki mi
Name
Maki mi
Origin
Philippines
Type
Noodle soup
Distinctive ingredients and description
A Filipino thick pork tenderloin soup originating from the Chinese-Filipino community of Binondo, Manila. It is made from lean pork pounded with a mallet until tender. It is marinated in soy sauce, garlic, black pepper, rice wine or vinegar, and onions before being covered with egg whites or starch (usually starch from corn, sweet potato or tapioca). It is then cooked in boiling beef stock, with beaten eggs dropped and stirred until they form strands. Egg noodles (mami) are also commonly added.
Mami soup
Mami soup
Name
Mami soup
Origin
Philippines
Type
Noodle soup
Distinctive ingredients and description
A popular Filipino noodle soup made with wheat flour noodles, broth and the addition of meat (chicken, beef, pork) or wonton dumplings.
Manhattan clam chowder
Manhattan clam chowder
Name
Manhattan clam chowder
Origin
United States (Rhode Island)
Type
Chowder
Distinctive ingredients and description
Tomato-based clam chowder
Marghi special
Marghi special
Name
Marghi special
Origin
Africa (West Africa)
Type
Brothy
Distinctive ingredients and description
A fish and vegetable soup seasoned with tamarind. Sorrel, spinach, tomatoes, and bean sprouts are common used.
Maryland crab soup
Maryland crab soup
Name
Maryland crab soup
Origin
United States (Maryland)
Type
Chowder
Distinctive ingredients and description
Vegetables, blue crab, and Old Bay Seasoning in a tomato base
Matzah ball soup
Matzah ball soup
Name
Matzah ball soup
Origin
Jewish (Ashkenazi)
Type
Chunky
Distinctive ingredients and description
Staple food on Passover. The Matzah ball dumplings are traditionally served in chicken broth with sliced carrots, garnished with chopped parsley. Matzo balls are also referred to as knaidel or knaedle.
Mee ka tee
Mee ka tee
Name
Mee ka tee
Origin
Laos
Type
Chunky
Distinctive ingredients and description
An egg drop soup with rice noodles, ground pork, and peanuts in a coconut milk broth flavored with red curry. It is garnished with fresh shredded cabbage, cilantro, green onions, beansprouts and mint.
Melon soup
Melon soup
Name
Melon soup
Type
Varies
Distinctive ingredients and description
Soup prepared with melon as a primary ingredient. Pictured is a soup with true melon.
Minestrone
Minestrone
Name
Minestrone
Origin
Italy
Type
Chunky
Distinctive ingredients and description
Vegetables and pasta
Miso soup
Miso soup
Name
Miso soup
Origin
Japan
Type
Fermented
Distinctive ingredients and description
Dashi stock base with dissolved miso paste (fermented rice, barley and/or soybeans). Common ingredients include tofu and seaweed.
Miyeok guk
Miyeok guk
Name
Miyeok guk
Origin
Korea
Type
Chunky
Distinctive ingredients and description
Seaweed soup from Korea, which is traditionally served to women who have just given birth, and people of all genders on their birthdays. Often with shrimp, sae-al shim (rice cake balls), or potato.
Mohinga
Mohinga
Name
Mohinga
Origin
Burma
Type
Fish
Distinctive ingredients and description
Chickpea flour and/or crushed toasted rice, garlic, onions, lemongrass, banana tree stem, ginger, fish paste, fish sauce, and catfish in a rich broth. Served with rice vermicelli.
Mote de queso
Mote de queso
Name
Mote de queso
Origin
Colombia
Type
Cheese
Distinctive ingredients and description
Made with ñame (yam) and Costeño cheese.
Mole de olla
Mole de olla
Name
Mole de olla
Origin
Mexico
Type
Chunky
Distinctive ingredients and description
Beef chuck and shank, xoconostle (a kind of edible cactus), chayote, zucchini, green beans, corn, potatoes, and cabbage in a broth flavored with a mole of ground guajillo and pasilla chiles, garlic, onion, and epazote. It is garnished with chopped serrano pepper and limes.
Mulligan stew
Mulligan stew
Name
Mulligan stew
Origin
United States
Type
Chunky
Distinctive ingredients and description
An improvised stew made by early 20th century hobos, typically made communally with whatever ingredients are available. Potatoes and onions were common, along with meat and other vegetables, sometimes canned, and whatever could be begged, scavenged, found or stolen.
Mulligatawny
Mulligatawny
Name
Mulligatawny
Origin
India
Type
Chunky
Distinctive ingredients and description
Meat, vegetables, and spices. Based on an Indian sauce recipe.
Naengmyeon
Naengmyeon
Name
Naengmyeon
Origin
Korea
Type
Cold (chilled)
Distinctive ingredients and description
Buckwheat noodles in a tangy iced beef broth, raw julienned vegetables, a slice of a Korean pear, and often a boiled egg and/or cold beef
Nettle soup
Nettle soup
Name
Nettle soup
Origin
Ancient
Type
Chunky
Distinctive ingredients and description
Tender shoots of the stinging nettle, popular in Scandinavia and eastern Europe
New England clam chowder
New England clam chowder
Name
New England clam chowder
Origin
United States (New England)
Type
Chowders
Distinctive ingredients and description
Bacon, mirepoix, clam juice and heavy cream, with other ingredients such as potatoes and chopped clams
Nikujaga
Nikujaga
Name
Nikujaga
Origin
Japan
Distinctive ingredients and description
Meat, potatoes and onion stewed in sweetened soy sauce, sometimes with ito konnyaku and vegetables
Nilaga
Nilaga
Name
Nilaga
Origin
Philippines
Distinctive ingredients and description
A traditional meat stew or soup from the Philippines made with boiled beef (nilagang baka) or pork (nilagang baboy) with various vegetables. It is typically eaten with white rice and is served with soy sauce, patis (fish sauce), labuyo chilis, and calamansi on the side.
Nsala soup
Nsala soup
Name
Nsala soup
Origin
Nigeria
Type
Fish
Distinctive ingredients and description
Catfish simmered in a broth with yams and flavored with ogiri or iru, utazi, crayfish, and stock fish
Odong
Odong
Name
Odong
Origin
Philippines
Distinctive ingredients and description
A Filipino noodle soup made with odong noodles, canned sardines in tomato sauce, bottle gourd (upo), loofah (patola), chayote, ginger, garlic, red onions, and various other vegetables.
Oi naengguk
Oi naengguk
Name
Oi naengguk
Origin
Korea
Type
Cold
Distinctive ingredients and description
A Korean naengguk made with cucumber and garlicky, sour, salty, sweetish broth. Typically eaten as a refreshing side dish in summer.
Okra soup
Okra soup
Name
Okra soup
Distinctive ingredients and description
Okra
Okroshka
Okroshka
Name
Okroshka
Origin
UkraineRussia
Type
Cold (chilled)
Distinctive ingredients and description
Kvass-based vegetable and ham soup
Oxtail soup
Oxtail soup
Name
Oxtail soup
Type
Chunky
Distinctive ingredients and description
Any soup that uses beef tails
Palm nut soup
Palm nut soup
Name
Palm nut soup
Origin
Central and West Africa
Distinctive ingredients and description
Palm kernel
Palóc soup
Palóc soup
Name
Palóc soup
Origin
Hungary
Type
Chunky
Distinctive ingredients and description
A meat (typically beef, pork, or mutton) and vegetable soup similar to goulash, soured with vinegar or lemon juice and the addition of sour cream
Panada
Panada
Name
Panada
Origin
Europe
Type
Potage
Distinctive ingredients and description
Bread soup made with leftover bread, eggs, beef broth and Parmigiano-Reggiano Cheese.
Panadelsuppe
Panadelsuppe
Name
Panadelsuppe
Origin
Austria
Type
Bread
Distinctive ingredients and description
Made with broth, rolls and eggs
Pancit buko
Pancit buko
Name
Pancit buko
Origin
Philippines
Distinctive ingredients and description
A Filipino dish made from very thin strips of young coconut (buko) meat with various spices, vegetables, and meat or seafood.
Pancotto
Pancotto
Name
Pancotto
Origin
Italy
Type
Vegetable soup
Distinctive ingredients and description
Prepared with pieces of stale bread boiled in broth or water and seasoned.
Pappa al pomodoro
Pappa al pomodoro
Name
Pappa al pomodoro
Origin
Italy
Type
Bread soup
Distinctive ingredients and description
Typically prepared with fresh tomatoes, bread, olive oil, garlic, basil, and various other fresh ingredients. It is usually made with stale or leftover bread, and can be served hot, room temperature, or chilled
Pasta fagioli
Pasta fagioli
Name
Pasta fagioli
Origin
Italy
Type
Noodle
Distinctive ingredients and description
Chicken stock, pasta and vegetables.
Pasulj
Pasulj
Name
Pasulj
Origin
Balkans
Type
Chunky
Distinctive ingredients and description
Smoked meat, such as bacon, sausage, or ham hocks, cooked with beans and typically eaten during the winter months
Pawpaw soup
Pawpaw soup
Name
Pawpaw soup
Origin
Nigeria
Distinctive ingredients and description
Beef, egusi, dried pawpaw flakes and palm oil cooked together
Pea soup
Pea soup
Name
Pea soup
Type
Chunky
Distinctive ingredients and description
One of any cosmopolitan soups using peas as the primary ingredient. Other vegetables and different cuts of pork are commonly used to flavor the soup. Split pea soup uses split peas in particular. Pictured is Canadian yellow pea soup.
Peanut soup
Peanut soup
Name
Peanut soup
Origin
Africa
Type
Chunky
Distinctive ingredients and description
Made from peanuts, popular in African cuisine. Pictured is peanut soup (left) with fufu.
Peppersoup
Peppersoup
Name
Peppersoup
Origin
Nigeria
Type
Brothy
Distinctive ingredients and description
A thin, spicy soup containing various meats or fishes, flavored with chili peppers, clove basil and calabash nutmeg
Philadelphia Pepper Pot
Philadelphia Pepper Pot
Name
Philadelphia Pepper Pot
Origin
United States (Philadelphia)
Type
Chunky
Distinctive ingredients and description
Beef tripe and pepper soup
Phở
Phở
Name
Phở
Origin
Vietnam
Type
Noodle
Distinctive ingredients and description
Staple noodle soup made by simmering marrow-rich beef leg bones and knuckles with star anise, cinnamon, clove, cardamom, coriander, fennel, charred ginger, and charred onion to create the broth, served with rice noodles and various meats. Pho Dac Biet, or "Special Combination" Pho, usually includes rare beef slices, beef balls, tripe, and flank meat. Pho is garnished to taste with thai basil, squeezed lime, jalapeños, bean sprouts, and sometimes culantro. Sriracha and hoisin sauce are also popular additions. Chicken, seafood and vegetarian varieties also exist.
Pickle soup
Pickle soup
Name
Pickle soup
Type
Chunky
Distinctive ingredients and description
Various types of pickled vegetables, dill pickle soup is a variety of pickle soup prepared with pickled cucumber. Pictured is kidney and pickle soup with barley (rassolnik).
Pork blood soup
Pork blood soup
Name
Pork blood soup
Origin
Thailand
Distinctive ingredients and description
Thai cuisine; one version is called tom lueat mu. Also a part of Chinese cuisine, and was consumed by laborers in Kaifeng "over 1,000 years ago".
Powsowdie
Powsowdie
Name
Powsowdie
Origin
Scotland
Type
Chunky
Distinctive ingredients and description
Sheep's head and trotters cooked in a broth, sometimes with dried pea and barley
Pozole
Pozole
Name
Pozole
Origin
Mexico
Type
Chunky
Distinctive ingredients and description
Pork or chicken meat and broth, hominy, onion, garlic, dried chiles and cilantro, in a thick, hearty soup
Prawn soup
Prawn soup
Name
Prawn soup
Type
Chunkychowder
Distinctive ingredients and description
One of any cosmopolitan soups that use prawns or shrimp as a primary ingredient
Prdelačka
Prdelačka
Name
Prdelačka
Origin
Czech Republic
Type
Chunky
Distinctive ingredients and description
Pig blood, cooked in pork broth with potato, groat, onion and garlic. It is traditionally made as a part of pig slaughter.
Psarosoupa (ψαρόσουπα)
Psarosoupa (ψαρόσουπα)
Name
Psarosoupa (ψαρόσουπα)
Origin
Greece
Type
Fish
Distinctive ingredients and description
Oil-and-lemon sauce, vegetables, rice, and salt-water fish
Pumpkin
Pumpkin
Name
Pumpkin
Origin
North America
Type
Smooth or chunky
Distinctive ingredients and description
Pumpkin cream soup may contain some green pepper (Italian), red bell pepper, onion, salt and some oil. Rucola leaves top the soup.
Purée Mongole
Purée Mongole
Name
Purée Mongole
Type
Smooth or chunky
Distinctive ingredients and description
Split peas, tomatoes, carrots, onions, white turnips, leeks, stock (beef or chicken), milk; simplified versions may be made using canned, condensed pea and tomato soups as a base; also called Cream Mongole
Ramen
Ramen
Name
Ramen
Origin
Japan
Type
Noodle
Distinctive ingredients and description
Fresh or dried noodles in a variety of broths with a variety of toppings such as roast pork, onion, herbs, and vegetables
Rasam
Rasam
Name
Rasam
Origin
India (southern)
Type
Potage
Distinctive ingredients and description
Broth made in various ways using different spices and tamarind
Rassolnik
Rassolnik
Name
Rassolnik
Origin
Russia
Type
Chunky
Distinctive ingredients and description
Dill pickle soup. It usually contains groats, such as pearl barley, rice or oatmeal, potatoes, greens and herbs. It is either vegetarian or more commonly made with meat (often offal, such as kidney).
Rawon
Rawon
Name
Rawon
Origin
Indonesia (Surabaya)
Type
Chunky beef
Distinctive ingredients and description
A beef soup in keluak-flavored broth. Specialty of the city of Surabaya, East Java.
Ribollita
Ribollita
Name
Ribollita
Origin
Italy (Tuscany)
Distinctive ingredients and description
A bread soup, panade, porridge, or potage made with bread and vegetables, often from leftovers
Rishtay / Rqaq o Adas
Rishtay / Rqaq o Adas
Name
Rishtay / Rqaq o Adas
Origin
Middle East (Palestinian)
Type
Bean / Noodle
Distinctive ingredients and description
A whole lentil soup made with hand cut wheat noodles (similar to linguine) and flavored with fried garlic.
Rose hip soup (Nyponsoppa)
Rose hip soup (Nyponsoppa)
Name
Rose hip soup (Nyponsoppa)
Origin
Sweden
Type
Watery
Distinctive ingredients and description
A soup made from blended rose hips, usually served for breakfast or dessert
Rumford's Soup
Rumford's Soup
Name
Rumford's Soup
Origin
Germany (Munich, Bavaria)
Type
Potage
Distinctive ingredients and description
Simple soup prepared with barley or barley meal and dried peas as primary ingredients that was utilized to feed impoverished people.
Saimin
Saimin
Name
Saimin
Origin
United States (Hawaii)
Type
Noodle
Distinctive ingredients and description
Fresh, soft, undried egg noodles in bonito fish or shrimp broth with Chinese, Japanese, Filipino, Hawaiian, Korean, and Portuguese influences
Salmorejo
Salmorejo
Name
Salmorejo
Origin
Spain
Type
Cold (chilled)
Distinctive ingredients and description
Tomato soup with garlic and bread crumbs
Sambar
Sambar
Name
Sambar
Origin
India
Type
Chunky, gelatinous
Distinctive ingredients and description
Sambar, also spelt sambhar, is a lentil-based vegetable stew or chowder based on a broth made with tamarind popular in South Indian and Sri Lankan Tamil cuisines, adapted in each to its taste and environment.
Samgyetang
Samgyetang
Name
Samgyetang
Origin
Korea
Type
Chunky
Distinctive ingredients and description
Chicken ginseng soup made with glutinous rice, jujubes, chestnuts, garlic, and ginger
Sayur Asem
Sayur Asem
Name
Sayur Asem
Origin
Indonesia
Type
Cold
Distinctive ingredients and description
An Indonesian vegetable soup that is sour and spicy
Sayur Lodeh
Sayur Lodeh
Name
Sayur Lodeh
Origin
Indonesia (Java)
Type
Chunky vegetable soup
Distinctive ingredients and description
Vegetables stew in coconut milk based soup.
Scotch Broth
Scotch Broth
Name
Scotch Broth
Origin
Scotland
Type
Potage
Distinctive ingredients and description
Mutton, barley, and various vegetables
Shark fin soup
Shark fin soup
Name
Shark fin soup
Origin
China
Type
Gelatinous
Distinctive ingredients and description
An expensive Chinese delicacy using shark fins, valued for their texture; considered controversial for the killing of sharks for only their fins.
Shchav, sorrel soup, green borscht, green shchi
Shchav, sorrel soup, green borscht, green shchi
Name
Shchav, sorrel soup, green borscht, green shchi
Origin
Eastern Europe
Type
Chunky
Distinctive ingredients and description
Sorrel soup in Polish, Russian, Ukrainian and Yiddish cuisines. In some recipes, sorrel is replaced by spinach or garden orache.
Shchi
Shchi
Name
Shchi
Origin
Russia
Type
Chunky
Distinctive ingredients and description
Cabbage soup, a national Russian dish.
Seafood chowder
Seafood chowder
Name
Seafood chowder
Origin
Ireland
Type
Chowder
Distinctive ingredients and description
Salmon, mussels, shrimp, and scallops in a cream base
She-crab soup
She-crab soup
Name
She-crab soup
Origin
United States (Charleston, South Carolina)
Type
Chowder
Distinctive ingredients and description
Blue crab meat and crab roe
Shrimp bisque
Shrimp bisque
Name
Shrimp bisque
Origin
France
Type
Bisque
Distinctive ingredients and description
Shrimp
Sinabawang gulay
Sinabawang gulay
Name
Sinabawang gulay
Origin
Philippines
Distinctive ingredients and description
A Filipino vegetable soup made with leafy vegetables (usually moringa leaves) and various other vegetables in a broth seasoned with seafood stock or patis (fish sauce).
Sinigang
Sinigang
Name
Sinigang
Origin
Philippines
Distinctive ingredients and description
A Filipino soup or stew characterized by its sour and savoury taste. It is most often associated with tamarind (Filipino: sampalok), although it can use other sour fruits and leaves as the souring agent. It is one of the more popular dishes in Filipino cuisine.
Sishen soup
Sishen soup
Name
Sishen soup
Origin
Taiwan
Type
Chunky
Distinctive ingredients and description
Typically made using traditional Chinese medicine ingredients and is a popular dish in night markets and eateries across Taiwan. The broth of tends to have a milky color, with a rich and hearty taste.
Sliced fish soup
Sliced fish soup
Name
Sliced fish soup
Origin
Singapore
Type
Fish
Distinctive ingredients and description
Fish, prawns, and vegetables
Snert
Snert
Name
Snert
Origin
Netherlands
Type
Chunky
Distinctive ingredients and description
Thick pea soup, eaten in the winter, traditionally served with sliced sausage
Solyanka
Solyanka
Name
Solyanka
Origin
Russia
Type
Chunky
Distinctive ingredients and description
Pickled cucumbers, sausages, smoked meat, fish or mushrooms, olives
Sop saudara
Sop saudara
Name
Sop saudara
Origin
Indonesia (Makassar)
Type
Chunky
Distinctive ingredients and description
Spicy beef soup contains bits of beef and offals (usually fried cow's lungs), rice vermicelli, perkedel (fried potato patty) and hard boiled egg.
Sopa de fideo
Sopa de fideo
Name
Sopa de fideo
Origin
Spain, Mexico, Philippines
Type
Brothy
Distinctive ingredients and description
Spanish and Mexican sopa de fideo ("noodle soup") is made by browning thin wheat flour noodles slightly before cooking them in broth; vegetables and seasoning are usually added as well. Filipino sopa de fideo uses glass noodles in chicken stock and may include other meat and vegetable additions.
Sopa de Gato
Sopa de Gato
Name
Sopa de Gato
Origin
Spain (southern)
Distinctive ingredients and description
Simple soup, typically includes water, bread, oil, garlic, and salt
Sopa de lima
Sopa de lima
Name
Sopa de lima
Origin
Yucatan, Mexico
Type
Chicken
Distinctive ingredients and description
Chicken and vegetables like tomato and bell pepper in a chicken broth flavored primarily with lime juice, often served with tortilla chips
Sopas
Sopas
Name
Sopas
Origin
Philippines
Type
Noodle soup
Distinctive ingredients and description
A Filipino macaroni soup made with elbow macaroni, various vegetables, and meat (usually chicken), in a creamy broth with evaporated milk.
Soto
Soto
Name
Soto
Origin
Indonesia
Type
Chunky
Distinctive ingredients and description
Rich soups based on various spice pastes, broths and sometimes coconut milk, often named by their originating region. Soto usually features numerous garnishes, including sprouts, sambal, crackers, fritters, and sometimes noodles.
Soto ayam
Soto ayam
Name
Soto ayam
Origin
Indonesia
Type
Noodle
Distinctive ingredients and description
Rich chicken soup with shredded chicken and rice noodles. Served with a variety of garnishes, which may include bean sprouts, hard-boiled egg, green onions, fried shallots, sambal, compressed rice cakes, emping (melinjo nut crackers) and potato fritters.
Soup No. 5
Soup No. 5
Name
Soup No. 5
Origin
Philippines
Type
Chunky (aphrodisiac)
Distinctive ingredients and description
The main ingredient of this dish are the bull's testes or/and penis, other ingredients include lemongrass, thai chili peppers, green onion, ginger, onions, garlic and fish sauce.
Sour cherry soup
Sour cherry soup
Name
Sour cherry soup
Origin
Hungary
Type
Cold (chilled)
Distinctive ingredients and description
Hungarian: meggyleves. Sour cherries, sour cream
Sour rye soup, white borscht, żur
Sour rye soup, white borscht, żur
Name
Sour rye soup, white borscht, żur
Origin
Poland, Belarus
Distinctive ingredients and description
Made of soured rye flour (akin to sourdough) and meat (usually boiled pork sausage or pieces of smoked sausage, bacon or ham)
Sour soup (fish soup)
Sour soup (fish soup)
Name
Sour soup (fish soup)
Origin
Vietnam
Type
Fish
Distinctive ingredients and description
Rice, fish, various vegetables, and in some cases pineapple. The term also refers to various soups in a number of national cuisines.
Spinach soup
Spinach soup
Name
Spinach soup
Type
Broth- or cream-based
Distinctive ingredients and description
Prepared using spinach as a main ingredient
Squash bisque
Squash bisque
Name
Squash bisque
Origin
France
Type
Bisque
Stone soup
Stone soup
Name
Stone soup
Origin
Portugal
Type
Chunky
Distinctive ingredients and description
Pork meat products (such as black chouriço, common chouriço and bacon), red beans, and coriander
Stracciatella
Stracciatella
Name
Stracciatella
Origin
Italy
Type
Broth with chunks
Distinctive ingredients and description
Made by drizzling a preparation based on beaten eggs into boiling meat broth while stirring.
Sulu köfte
Sulu köfte
Name
Sulu köfte
Origin
Turkey
Type
Chunky
Distinctive ingredients and description
Ground meat, rice, spices, broth
Sup Kambing
Sup Kambing
Name
Sup Kambing
Origin
Indonesia and Malaysia
Type
Chunky
Distinctive ingredients and description
Goat meat, tomato, celery, spring onion, ginger, candlenut and lime leaf, its broth is yellowish in color
Suam na mais
Suam na mais
Name
Suam na mais
Origin
Philippines
Type
Chunky/Seafood
Distinctive ingredients and description
Corn kernels, shrimp, pork, leafy vegetables
Taco soup
Taco soup
Name
Taco soup
Origin
United States
Type
Chunky
Distinctive ingredients and description
Similar ingredients to those used inside a taco: ground beef, tomatoes, chopped green chilis, olives, onions, corn, beans, and a packet of taco seasoning. Vegetarian versions combine beans with the other ingredients, except for the ground beef.
Taiwanese beef noodle soup
Taiwanese beef noodle soup
Name
Taiwanese beef noodle soup
Origin
Taiwan
Type
Brothy
Distinctive ingredients and description
Beef chunks simmered in broth for hours, served with noodles, and made distinct by the addition of suan cai and green onions served on top, sometimes with other vegetables cooked in the broth
Talabaw
Talabaw
Name
Talabaw
Origin
Myanmar
Type
Brothy to stewlike
Distinctive ingredients and description
Primary ingredient is bamboo shoots, with a small amount of rice and some shreds of meat or seafood. One of the most well known soups in Myanmar, and widely considered to be the essential dish of Karen cuisine.
Talbina
Talbina
Name
Talbina
Origin
Arabian Peninsula
Distinctive ingredients and description
Talbina is a soup made from barley flour, formed by adding milk and honey to the dried barley powder. It is called talbina, which comes from the Arabic word laban meaning yogurt (milk/fermented churned milk), because of its resemblance to yogurt, as it is soft and white.
Tāng Fěn
Tāng Fěn
Name
Tāng Fěn
Origin
China
Type
Noodle
Distinctive ingredients and description
Rice noodles in broth, usually beef, chicken, or custom broth
Tāng miǎn
Tāng miǎn
Name
Tāng miǎn
Origin
China
Type
Noodle
Distinctive ingredients and description
Egg noodles in broth, usually beef, chicken, or custom broth
Tapado
Tapado
Name
Tapado
Origin
Garifuna
Type
Seafood
Distinctive ingredients and description
Coconut milk, seafood, plantains
Tarator
Tarator
Name
Tarator
Origin
Bulgaria
Type
Cold (chilled)
Distinctive ingredients and description
Yogurt and cucumbers
Tarhana
Tarhana
Name
Tarhana
Origin
Middle East
Type
Chunky
Distinctive ingredients and description
Fermented grain and dairy
Tekwan
Tekwan
Name
Tekwan
Origin
Indonesia (Palembang)
Type
Chunky
Distinctive ingredients and description
Fishcake or fishballs, jicama and mushroom soup in savoury broth. Specialty of the city of Palembang.
Tharida
Tharida
Name
Tharida
Origin
Arabia
Type
Chunky
Distinctive ingredients and description
A soup prepared with meat and breadcrumbs, which thickens the soup. Additional ingredients may include beans, walnuts, yogurt, mint, and spices
Tiger penis soup
Tiger penis soup
Name
Tiger penis soup
Origin
China
Type
Chunky
Distinctive ingredients and description
Soup prepared with tiger penis, and sometimes tiger bone as well. Preparation involves soaking dried tiger penis in water and then cooking it along with other medicines and spices. Believed to be a medicinal aphrodisiac in some cultures.
Tinola
Tinola
Name
Tinola
Origin
Philippines
Type
Potage
Distinctive ingredients and description
Chicken, sliced green papayas, malunggay
Tiyula itum
Tiyula itum
Name
Tiyula itum
Origin
Philippines
Distinctive ingredients and description
A Filipino braised beef or goat soup or stew dish originating from the Tausug people. The dish is characteristically black due to the unique use of charred coconut meat.
Tom yum
Tom yum
Name
Tom yum
Origin
Thailand
Type
Chunky
Distinctive ingredients and description
Lemongrass, galangal and kaffir lime leaf, fish sauce and lime juice in the broth, often garnished with shrimp/seafood (Tom Yum Goong), straw mushrooms, hot chili peppers, and cilantro.
Tomato bisque
Tomato bisque
Name
Tomato bisque
Origin
France
Type
Bisque
Distinctive ingredients and description
Tomatoes and heavy cream; basil can be added to create tomato basil bisque
Tomato soup
Tomato soup
Name
Tomato soup
Type
Smooth or chunky
Distinctive ingredients and description
Tomato is the primary ingredient. Also popular in many countries, including Hungary (Hungarian: paradicsomleves) and Poland (Polish: pomidorowa)
Tongseng
Tongseng
Name
Tongseng
Origin
Indonesia (Solo)
Type
Chunky meat
Distinctive ingredients and description
A sweet and spicy goat meat soup, specialty of the city of Surakarta (also known as Solo), Central Java.
Tortilla soup
Tortilla soup
Name
Tortilla soup
Origin
Mexico
Type
Chunky
Distinctive ingredients and description
Fried corn tortilla pieces submerged into a broth of tomato and other ingredients.
Tteokguk
Tteokguk
Name
Tteokguk
Origin
Korea
Type
Chunky
Distinctive ingredients and description
The Tteok (rice cake) soup is eaten during New Year's Day.
Turkey soup
Turkey soup
Name
Turkey soup
Origin
United States and Canada
Type
Chunky
Distinctive ingredients and description
Turkey stock and meat, vegetables (typically onions, carrots, celery), broad egg noodles or rice
Tuo zaafi
Tuo zaafi
Name
Tuo zaafi
Origin
Ghana
Type
Brothy
Distinctive ingredients and description
Ugali, a cornmeal cough boiled in boiling water or milk, served in a green vegetable soup
Ukha or yushka
Ukha or yushka
Name
Ukha or yushka
Origin
RussiaUkraine
Type
Fish
Distinctive ingredients and description
Various types of fish, vegetables, lime, dill, parsley, and black pepper
Vegetable soup
Vegetable soup
Name
Vegetable soup
Type
Clear or Stock
Distinctive ingredients and description
Vegetables are a primary ingredient
Vichyssoise
Vichyssoise
Name
Vichyssoise
Origin
United States
Type
Cold (chilled)
Distinctive ingredients and description
Creamy potato and leek soup, served with chives
Vori vori
Vori vori
Name
Vori vori
Origin
Paraguay
Type
Chunky
Distinctive ingredients and description
Balls of corn flour and cheese, often with chicken
Walnut soup
Walnut soup
Name
Walnut soup
Origin
China, Italy, Mexico
Type
Smooth
Distinctive ingredients and description
A creamy soup that uses walnuts as a prominent ingredient.
Watercress soup
Watercress soup
Name
Watercress soup
Type
BrothyCreamy
Distinctive ingredients and description
A soup which uses watercress as a primary ingredient. Other vegetables may be included as well as cheese, butter, lemon, and seasoning
Waterzooi
Waterzooi
Name
Waterzooi
Origin
Belgium
Type
Fish
Distinctive ingredients and description
Stew made with fish (traditional) or chicken
Wedding soup
Wedding soup
Name
Wedding soup
Origin
United States (Italian–American)
Type
Clear or Stock
Distinctive ingredients and description
Green vegetables, meat, chicken broth
Wine soup
Wine soup
Name
Wine soup
Origin
Hungary
Type
Beverage soup
Distinctive ingredients and description
Hungarian: borleves.
Winter melon
Winter melon
Name
Winter melon
Origin
China
Type
Chunky
Distinctive ingredients and description
Winter melon, filled with stock (usually chicken stock), vegetables, and meat, which has been steamed for a few hours
Zalewajka
Zalewajka
Name
Zalewajka
Origin
Poland
Type
Chunky
Distinctive ingredients and description
A soup of boiled potatoes, sometimes with Polish sausage and dried mushrooms, thickened sour rye made from a sourdough starter. Other ingredients may include onions, garlic, sour cream, bacon, and herbs.
Zuppa del canavese
Zuppa del canavese
Name
Zuppa del canavese
Origin
Canavese (Piedmont, Italy)
Type
Bread
Distinctive ingredients and description
Sliced bread cooked with cabbage, grana, and broth
Zuppa pavese
Zuppa pavese
Name
Zuppa pavese
Origin
Italy
Type
Broth with chunks
Distinctive ingredients and description
Consists of broth into which fried slices of bread and poached eggs are placed. It is usually served with grated cheese.
Zuppa toscana
Zuppa toscana
Name
Zuppa toscana
Origin
Italy (Tuscany)
Type
Chunky
Distinctive ingredients and description
A soup with cannellini beans, potato, and kale. Americanized versions substitutes the beans with Italian sausage, and add cream, bacon, and vegetables like onion and red bell pepper.
Name
Image
Origin
Type
Distinctive ingredients and description
Abula (soup)
Yorubaland
Smooth
Beans (including locust beans), ewedu, chili peppers, potash and other vegetables blended into water until smooth.
Aguadito
Peru
Chunky
Peruvian green soup usually made with cilantro, carrot, peas, potatoes and can have chicken, hen, mussels or fish. It also contains ají amarillo (yellow chili pepper) and various other vegetables and spices. The green color is due to cilantro. It is known for having a potential for easing or alleviating symptoms associated with the hangover.
Ajiaco
Colombia
Chunky
In the Colombian capital of Bogotá, ajiaco is typically made with chicken, three varieties of potatoes, and the Galinsoga parviflora herb commonly referred to in Colombia as guascas. In Cuba, it is a hearty stew made from beef, pork, chicken, vegetables, and a variety of starchy roots and tubers classified as viandas.
Açorda
Portugal
Chunky
A typical Portuguese dish composed of thinly sliced bread with garlic, large amounts of finely chopped coriander, olive oil, vinegar, water, white pepper, salt and poached eggs.
Acquacotta
Italy
Chunky
Originally a peasant food, historically, its primary ingredients were water, stale bread, onion, tomato, olive oil and any spare vegetables or leftovers. It has been described as an ancient dish.
Aloo tama
Nepal
Chunky
Fermented bamboo shoots, potato, and black-eyed peas in a broth
Amish preaching soup
United States
Chunky
Typically served preceding or following Amish church services. Some versions are prepared with beans and ham hocks.
Analı kızlı soup
Turkey
Chunky
Bulgur meatballs and chickpeas in gravy with yogurt
Ant egg soup
Laos, Northeastern Thailand
Chunky
A soup including ant eggs among its ingredients. Served hot.
Apple soup
Typically smooth
Any number of soups that use apple as a primary ingredient, usually with vegetables, spices, and broth.
Ash-e doogh
Iran, Azerbaijan, Turkey
Potage
A yogurt soup that consists of yogurt and leafy vegetables. Served hot.
Aush, aash, āsh
Iran, Afghanistan, Turkey, Caucasus
Potage
A variety of thick soups, served hot - with many different types of recipes and regional differences.
Avgolemono
Greece
Potage
Chicken broth, rice or orzo, and lemon, thickened with tempered eggs
Avocado soup
Can be prepared and served as a cold or hot soup
Bacon soup
Europe
Chunky
Bacon, vegetables, and a thickening agent. Pictured is celery and bacon soup.
Bak kut teh
Indonesia, Malaysia and Singapore
Herbal
Consists of meaty pork ribs simmered in a complex broth of herbs and spices (including star anise, cinnamon, cloves, dang gui, fennel seeds and garlic) for hours.
Bakso
Indonesia
Meatballs soup
Meatball noodle soup in rich beef broth, sometimes include bok choy, noodles, tofu, hard-boiled egg, fried shallots and wontons.
Barley
Ancient
Chunky
Barley, vegetables, and broth
Batchoy
Philippines
Noodle soup
A Filipino noodle soup made with pork offal, crushed pork cracklings, chicken stock, beef loin and round noodles.
Beef noodle soup
East Asia
Noodle
Stewed or red braised beef, beef broth, vegetables and Chinese noodles. It exists in various forms throughout East Asia and Southeast Asia, and is popular as a Chinese and Taiwanese noodle soup.
Beer soup
Europe
Beverage soup
Recipe from the Middle Ages using heated beer and pieces of bread; though other ingredients were also used.
Bergen fish soup
Norway
Fish
White fish (haddock, halibut, cod) and various vegetables in a heavy cream
Bermuda fish chowder
Bermuda
Chowder
Fish, tomato, onion, other vegetables, served with black rum and "sherry peppers". The national dish of Bermuda.
Bilo-bilo
Philippines
Dessert
A Filipino dessert soup made of small glutinous balls (sticky rice flour rounded up by adding water) in coconut milk, sugar, jackfruit, saba bananas, various tubers, and tapioca pearls.
Binakol
Philippines
Chicken
A Filipino chicken soup made from chicken cooked in coconut water with grated coconut, green papaya (or chayote), leafy vegetables, garlic, onion, ginger, lemongrass, and patis (fish sauce).
Binignit
Philippines
Dessert
Coconut milk, glutinous rice, fruits, root crops, and tapioca pearls, served hot but sometimes chilled
Bird's nest soup
China
Gelatinous
Edible bird's nest, an expensive delicacy valued for its unusual texture
Black sesame soup
China
Dessert
A sweet soup containing powdered black sesame seeds and rice, typically served warm
Blåbärssoppa (Blueberry soup)
Nordic countries
Smooth
A sweet, thick soup made from Bilberries (European blueberries) which is popular in Sweden, Finland, and Iceland. Can be served hot or cold.
Bob chorba
Bulgaria
Bean
Dried beans, onions, tomatoes, chubritza (summer savoury) or dzhodzhen (spearmint), carrots
Borscht/ Borshch
Eastern Europe
Chunky
Cabbage and beet-based soup with meat. May be served hot or cold. A national Ukrainian dish and wide spread Belarusian, Polish (with mushrooms instead of cabbage, served on the Christmas Eve) and Russian dish.
Bouillabaisse
France
Fish
A type of fish soup from Provençal, France.
Bouillon
Haiti
Sliced meat, potatoes, sliced plantains, yam, cabbage, and celery. Traditionally prepared on Saturdays
Bouneschlupp
Luxembourg
Green beans, potatoes, bacon and onions.
Bourou-Bourou
Greece (Corfu)
Potage
Vegetable and pasta
Bread soup
Germany
Bread
Stale bread in a broth
Brenebon
The Netherlands and Indonesia
Beans
Kidney bean soup served in pig's trotters broth, spiced with shallot, garlic, salt, sugar, pepper, nutmeg and clove. Mixed with chopped green beans, celery and scallion.
Brown Windsor soup
England
Chunky
Lamb or beef steak, parsnips, carrots, leeks, bouquet garni, Madeira wine; popular in England during the Victorian and Edwardian eras
Bun bo Hue
Vietnam
Noodle
A noodle soup from central Vietnam, with beef.
Buridda
Italy (Liguria)
Chunky
Seafood soup or stew.
Butajiru (Tonjiru)
Japan
Chunky
Pork and vegetable soup, flavored with miso.
Cabbage soup, kapusniak, kapustnica, zelnacka
PolandSlovakiaRussiaUkraineCzech Republic
Chunky
Sauerkraut, meat
Cacciucco
Italy
Seafood soup or stew.
Caldillo de congrio
Chile
Eel
Conger eel heads, garlic, onion, coriander, carrots, pepper, chopped tomatoes, cream, boiled potatoes, and conger meat.
Caldillo de perro
Spain (southern)
Seafood
Seafood, hake, garlic, olive oil, lemons, and Seville oranges. It is customarily served with sour orange juice.
Caldo de pollo
Latin America
Chunky
Whole cuts of chicken, halved potatoes, cabbage leaves, and other large preparations of vegetables.
Caldo de queso
Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
Chunky
Potatoes, onions, tomato, green chiles, and oregano are simmered in broth. Cubes of cheese (usually queso ranchero, queso fresco or queso cotija are added to the broth at the end of cooking, flavoring the broth and giving the cheese a gummy, chewy texture.
Caldo galego
Galicia, Spain
Chunky
Cabbage and other greens simmered with potatoes, white beans, and cuts of pork such as belly, ham, bacon, or chorizo.
Caldo tlalpeño
Mexico
Chunky
A chicken soup with chickpeas, carrots, onion, green beans, and garlic flavored with epazote, cumin, and chipotle.

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  43. The Encyclopædia Britannica: New American supplement. A-ZUY
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  44. "Wisata Kuliner Makassar: Menikmati Sop Saudara Dan Ikan Bandeng Bakar Khas Pangkep"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20160305045032/http://makassartv.co.id/index.php?catid=3&id=7389&itemid=56&option=com_content&view=article
  45. The Spokesman-Review
    https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=EWZWAAAAIBAJ&pg=6846,5434048&dq=taco-soup&hl=en
  46. The Mount Airy News (Mount Airy, North Carolina)
    https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=lnRAAAAAIBAJ&pg=5282,2195689&dq=taco-soup&hl=en
  47. The Myanmar Times
    https://web.archive.org/web/20220827185136/https://www.mmtimes.com/news/top-ten-kayin-things-experience.html
  48. Myanmore Magazine
    https://www.myanmore.com/2018/07/ethnic-recipe-karen-tarlapaw-soup/
  49. MyLocal Passion
    https://www.mylocalpassion.com/posts/traditional-foods-of-kayin-state
  50. BNI
    https://www.bnionline.net/mm/news-5895.html
  51. Duwun
    https://www.duwun.com.mm/article/p-id49930
  52. Elizabeth David, Italian Food, 1954, p. 53
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