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List of rivers of India

Updated: Wikipedia source

List of rivers of India

With a land area of 3,287,263 km2 (1,269,219 sq mi) consisting of diverse ecosystems, India has many river systems and perennial streams. The rivers of India can be classified into four groups – Himalayan, Deccan, Coastal, and Inland drainage. The Himalayan rivers, mainly fed by glaciers and snow melt, arise from the Himalayas. The Deccan rivers system consists of rivers in Peninsular India, that drain into the Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea. There are numerous short coastal rivers, predominantly on the West coast. There are few inland rivers, which do not drain into the sea. Most of the rivers in India originate from the four major watersheds in India. The Himalayan watershed is the source of majority of the major river systems in India including the three longest rivers–the Ganges, the Brahmaputra and the Indus. These three river systems are fed by more than 5000 glaciers. The Aravalli range in the north-west serves the origin of few of the rivers such as the Chambal, the Banas and the Luni rivers. The Narmada and Tapti rivers originate from the Vindhya and Satpura ranges in Central India. In the peninsular India, majority of the rivers originate from the Western Ghats and flow towards the Bay of Bengal, while only a few rivers flow from east to west from the Eastern Ghats to the Arabian sea. This is because of the difference in elevation of the Deccan plateau, which slopes gently from the west to the east. The largest of the peninsular rivers include the Godavari, the Krishna, the Mahanadi and the Kaveri.

Tables

· River systems
Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna
Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna
River unit
Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna
Region
North-east
Draining into
Bay of Bengal
Major River(s)
Brahmaputra
Other Rivers
Beki Bhogdoi Dhansiri Dibang Dihing Dikhow Kameng Kolong Kopili Lohit Manas Raidak Sankosh Subansiri Teesta
Catchment area (% of land area)
34.0
Average annual runoff (km3)
610.62
Ganges
Ganges
River unit
Ganges
Region
Alaknanda Mandakini Pindar Nandakini Dhauliganga Rishiganga Atrai Bagmati Bhagirathi Bhilangna Jahanavi Burhi Gandak Phalgu Gandaki Ghaghara Sharda Darma Gori Ganga Sarju West Rapti Rohni Gomti Kathana Sarayan Hooghly Ajay Barakar Churni Damodar Dwarakeswar Ichamati Jadh Ganga Jalangi Mayurakshi Mundeswari Rupnarayan Kosi Kamla Mahananda Padma Punarbhaba Ramganga Sone Banas Johilla Gopad Kanhar North Koel Amanat Rihand Yamuna Betwa Bina Dhasan Halali Chambal Banas Berach Morel Kali Sindh Kuno Parbati Shipra Ahar Gambhir Parbati Hindon Ken Sunar Sindh Kwari Pahuj
Meghna
Meghna
River unit
Meghna
Region
Barak Tuivai Dakatia Dhalai Dhaleshwari Feni Gumti Kushiyara Manu Surma Kangsha Someshwari Titas Haora
Indus River Basin
Indus River Basin
River unit
Indus River Basin
Region
North-west
Draining into
Arabian Sea
Major River(s)
Indus
Other Rivers
Chenab Bhaga Chandra Jhelum Lidder Neelum Pohru Poonch Sind Marusudar Ravi Tawi Shyok Nubra Suru Dras Shingo Sutlej Beas Baspa Parvati Spiti Uhl Yapola Zanskar Markha Tsarap Doda
Catchment area (% of land area)
10.0
Average annual runoff (km3)
73.3
West flowing rivers between Kutch and Saurashtra
West flowing rivers between Kutch and Saurashtra
River unit
West flowing rivers between Kutch and Saurashtra
Region
North-west
Draining into
Arabian Sea
Other Rivers
Aji Ambika Auranga Bhadar Bhurud Chirai Chok Dai-minsar Daman Ganga Dhadhar Fulki Gajansar Ghelo Hiran Kali Kalubhar Kankawati Kareshwar Kayla Keri Khalkhalio Khari Kharod Khokhra Kim Kolak Machchhu Machchundri Mahi Malan Malan-Gir Mindhola Mitiyativali Nagmati Nara Nayra Ozat Padalio Par Pur Rangmati Rav Raval Rukmavati Rupen Rupen-Gir Sai Sang Sangavadi Saraswati-Gir Shahi Shetrunji Sukhbhadar Suvi Und Utavali
Catchment area (% of land area)
10.0
Average annual runoff (km3)
15.1
Godavari
Godavari
River unit
Godavari
Region
Central
Draining into
Bay of Bengal
Major River(s)
Godavari
Other Rivers
Darna Indravati Kinnerasani Manjira Maner Pranhita Wainganga Andhari Kanhan Nag Pioli Pora Pench Kulbehra Kolar Sarrati Sur Wardha Erai Kar Painganga Wena Pravara Purna Sabari Sindphana Taliperu
Catchment area (% of land area)
9.7
Average annual runoff (km3)
110.5
Krishna
Krishna
River unit
Krishna
Region
Central
Draining into
Bay of Bengal
Major River(s)
Krishna
Other Rivers
Agrani Bhima Bori Ghod Indrayani Kamini Kundali Mula-Mutha Mula Mutha Pavana Nira Sina Ghataprabha Koyna Malaprabha Musi Panchganga Tungabhadra Tunga Bhadra Varada Vedavathi Vedganga Venna Warana Yerla
Catchment area (% of land area)
8.0
Average annual runoff (km3)
78.1
Mahanadi
Mahanadi
River unit
Mahanadi
Region
Central-east
Draining into
Bay of Bengal
Major River(s)
Mahanadi
Other Rivers
Bhargavi Danta Daya Devi Hasdeo Ib Jonk Kathajodi Kuakhai Kushabhadra Mand Ong Pairi Seonath Shivnath Sondur Surubalijora Tel Telen
Catchment area (% of land area)
4.4
Average annual runoff (km3)
66.9
East flowing rivers between Pennar and Kanyakumari (excluding Kaveri)
East flowing rivers between Pennar and Kanyakumari (excluding Kaveri)
River unit
East flowing rivers between Pennar and Kanyakumari (excluding Kaveri)
Region
South-east
Draining into
Bay of Bengal
Other Rivers
Adyar Agniyar Cooum Kosasthalaiyar Palar Ponnaiyar Swetha Thamirabarani Chittar Gadananathi Pachaiyar Vaigai Vaippar Vellar-North Vellar-South
Catchment area (% of land area)
3.1
Average annual runoff (km3)
16.5
Narmada
Narmada
River unit
Narmada
Region
Central-west
Draining into
Arabian Sea
Major River(s)
Narmada
Other Rivers
Barna Choral Dudhi Kaveri Kolar Orsang Shakkar Sher Tawa
Catchment area (% of land area)
3.1
Average annual runoff (km3)
45.6
East flowing rivers between Mahanadi and Pennar (excluding Godavari and Krishna)
East flowing rivers between Mahanadi and Pennar (excluding Godavari and Krishna)
River unit
East flowing rivers between Mahanadi and Pennar (excluding Godavari and Krishna)
Region
South-east
Draining into
Bay of Bengal
Other Rivers
Budhabalanga Kangsabati Koina North Karo Rushikulya Sankh South Karo South Koel
Catchment area (% of land area)
2.7
Average annual runoff (km3)
22.5
Kaveri
Kaveri
River unit
Kaveri
Region
South
Draining into
Bay of Bengal
Major River(s)
Kaveri
Other Rivers
Amaravati Kodavanar Nanganjiyar Arkavathi Kumudvathi Vrishabhavathi Bhavani Moyar Siruvani Hemavati Kabini Kollidam Lakshmana Tirtha Noyyal Sarabanga
Catchment area (% of land area)
2.5
Average annual runoff (km3)
21.4
Tapti
Tapti
River unit
Tapti
Region
Central-west
Draining into
Arabian Sea
Major River(s)
Tapti
Other Rivers
Arunavati Girna Gomai Panzara Purna Morna Vaan
Catchment area (% of land area)
2.0
Average annual runoff (km3)
14.9
Pennar
Pennar
River unit
Pennar
Region
South-east
Draining into
Bay of Bengal
Major River(s)
Pennar
Other Rivers
Cheyyeru Chitravathi Kunderu Papagni Sagileru
Catchment area (% of land area)
1.7
Average annual runoff (km3)
6.3
West flowing rivers between Tadri and Kanyakumari
West flowing rivers between Tadri and Kanyakumari
River unit
West flowing rivers between Tadri and Kanyakumari
Region
South-west
Draining into
Arabian Sea
Other Rivers
Aghanashini Bharathapuzha Chaliyar Chandragiri Gangavalli Kali Kariangode Netravati Pamba Periyar Sharavathi
Catchment area (% of land area)
1.7
Average annual runoff (km3)
113.5
West flowing rivers between Tapti and Tadri
West flowing rivers between Tapti and Tadri
River unit
West flowing rivers between Tapti and Tadri
Region
South-west
Draining into
Arabian Sea
Other Rivers
Baga Chapora Dahisar Kundalika Mandovi Mapusa Mithi Oshiwara Patalganga Sal Savitri Shastri Surya Tansa Terekhol Ulhas Vaitarna Vashishti Zuari
Catchment area (% of land area)
1.7
Average annual runoff (km3)
87.4
Brahmani-Baitarani
Brahmani-Baitarani
River unit
Brahmani-Baitarani
Region
North-east
Draining into
Bay of Bengal
Major River(s)
Brahmani Baitarani
Other Rivers
Kharasrota
Catchment area (% of land area)
1.6
Average annual runoff (km3)
28.5
North-east rivers excluding Brahmaputra
North-east rivers excluding Brahmaputra
River unit
North-east rivers excluding Brahmaputra
Region
North-east
Draining into
Bay of Bengal
Other Rivers
Aie Baralia Bharalu Bhogdoi Borgang Champabati Diju Dikhow Dikrong Diphlu Dudhnoi Gabharu Gumti Iril Jatinga Jhanji Jiadhal Jiri Kaladan Karnaphuli Khowai Krishnai Kulsi Mora Dhansiri Muhuri Myntdu Nona Pagladiya Ranganadi Mora Diphlu Thega Tipkai Tirap Tuni
Catchment area (% of land area)
1.1
Average annual runoff (km3)
31.0
Mahi
Mahi
River unit
Mahi
Region
North-west
Draining into
Arabian Sea
Major River(s)
Mahi
Other Rivers
Gomati
Catchment area (% of land area)
1.1
Average annual runoff (km3)
11.0
Subarnarekha
Subarnarekha
River unit
Subarnarekha
Region
North-east
Draining into
Bay of Bengal
Major River(s)
Subarnarekha
Other Rivers
Kharkai
Catchment area (% of land area)
0.9
Average annual runoff (km3)
12.4
Sabarmati
Sabarmati
River unit
Sabarmati
Region
North-west
Draining into
Arabian Sea
Major River(s)
Sabarmati
Other Rivers
Sei Wakal
Catchment area (% of land area)
0.7
Average annual runoff (km3)
3.8
Rajasthan inland basin
Rajasthan inland basin
River unit
Rajasthan inland basin
Region
North-east
Draining into
None
Major River(s)
Luni
Other Rivers
Bandi Ghaggar Guhiya Jawai Jojari Liladi Sukri
Catchment area (% of land area)
Negligible
Average annual runoff (km3)
Negligible
River unit
Region
Draining into
Major River(s)
Other Rivers
Catchment area (% of land area)
Average annual runoff (km3)
Surface water (km3)
Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna
North-east
Bay of Bengal
Brahmaputra
Beki Bhogdoi Dhansiri Dibang Dihing Dikhow Kameng Kolong Kopili Lohit Manas Raidak Sankosh Subansiri Teesta
34.0
610.62
294.0
Ganges
Alaknanda Mandakini Pindar Nandakini Dhauliganga Rishiganga Atrai Bagmati Bhagirathi Bhilangna Jahanavi Burhi Gandak Phalgu Gandaki Ghaghara Sharda Darma Gori Ganga Sarju West Rapti Rohni Gomti Kathana Sarayan Hooghly Ajay Barakar Churni Damodar Dwarakeswar Ichamati Jadh Ganga Jalangi Mayurakshi Mundeswari Rupnarayan Kosi Kamla Mahananda Padma Punarbhaba Ramganga Sone Banas Johilla Gopad Kanhar North Koel Amanat Rihand Yamuna Betwa Bina Dhasan Halali Chambal Banas Berach Morel Kali Sindh Kuno Parbati Shipra Ahar Gambhir Parbati Hindon Ken Sunar Sindh Kwari Pahuj
Meghna
Barak Tuivai Dakatia Dhalai Dhaleshwari Feni Gumti Kushiyara Manu Surma Kangsha Someshwari Titas Haora
Indus River Basin
North-west
Arabian Sea
Indus
Chenab Bhaga Chandra Jhelum Lidder Neelum Pohru Poonch Sind Marusudar Ravi Tawi Shyok Nubra Suru Dras Shingo Sutlej Beas Baspa Parvati Spiti Uhl Yapola Zanskar Markha Tsarap Doda
10.0
73.3
46.0
West flowing rivers between Kutch and Saurashtra
North-west
Arabian Sea
Aji Ambika Auranga Bhadar Bhurud Chirai Chok Dai-minsar Daman Ganga Dhadhar Fulki Gajansar Ghelo Hiran Kali Kalubhar Kankawati Kareshwar Kayla Keri Khalkhalio Khari Kharod Khokhra Kim Kolak Machchhu Machchundri Mahi Malan Malan-Gir Mindhola Mitiyativali Nagmati Nara Nayra Ozat Padalio Par Pur Rangmati Rav Raval Rukmavati Rupen Rupen-Gir Sai Sang Sangavadi Saraswati-Gir Shahi Shetrunji Sukhbhadar Suvi Und Utavali
10.0
15.1
1.9
Godavari
Central
Bay of Bengal
Godavari
Darna Indravati Kinnerasani Manjira Maner Pranhita Wainganga Andhari Kanhan Nag Pioli Pora Pench Kulbehra Kolar Sarrati Sur Wardha Erai Kar Painganga Wena Pravara Purna Sabari Sindphana Taliperu
9.7
110.5
50
Krishna
Central
Bay of Bengal
Krishna
Agrani Bhima Bori Ghod Indrayani Kamini Kundali Mula-Mutha Mula Mutha Pavana Nira Sina Ghataprabha Koyna Malaprabha Musi Panchganga Tungabhadra Tunga Bhadra Varada Vedavathi Vedganga Venna Warana Yerla
8.0
78.1
76.3
Mahanadi
Central-east
Bay of Bengal
Mahanadi
Bhargavi Danta Daya Devi Hasdeo Ib Jonk Kathajodi Kuakhai Kushabhadra Mand Ong Pairi Seonath Shivnath Sondur Surubalijora Tel Telen
4.4
66.9
18.3
East flowing rivers between Pennar and Kanyakumari (excluding Kaveri)
South-east
Bay of Bengal
Adyar Agniyar Cooum Kosasthalaiyar Palar Ponnaiyar Swetha Thamirabarani Chittar Gadananathi Pachaiyar Vaigai Vaippar Vellar-North Vellar-South
3.1
16.5
13.1
Narmada
Central-west
Arabian Sea
Narmada
Barna Choral Dudhi Kaveri Kolar Orsang Shakkar Sher Tawa
3.1
45.6
14.5
East flowing rivers between Mahanadi and Pennar (excluding Godavari and Krishna)
South-east
Bay of Bengal
Budhabalanga Kangsabati Koina North Karo Rushikulya Sankh South Karo South Koel
2.7
22.5
19.0
Kaveri
South
Bay of Bengal
Kaveri
Amaravati Kodavanar Nanganjiyar Arkavathi Kumudvathi Vrishabhavathi Bhavani Moyar Siruvani Hemavati Kabini Kollidam Lakshmana Tirtha Noyyal Sarabanga
2.5
21.4
6.9
Tapti
Central-west
Arabian Sea
Tapti
Arunavati Girna Gomai Panzara Purna Morna Vaan
2.0
14.9
11.9
Pennar
South-east
Bay of Bengal
Pennar
Cheyyeru Chitravathi Kunderu Papagni Sagileru
1.7
6.3
58.0
West flowing rivers between Tadri and Kanyakumari
South-west
Arabian Sea
Aghanashini Bharathapuzha Chaliyar Chandragiri Gangavalli Kali Kariangode Netravati Pamba Periyar Sharavathi
1.7
113.5
16.7
West flowing rivers between Tapti and Tadri
South-west
Arabian Sea
Baga Chapora Dahisar Kundalika Mandovi Mapusa Mithi Oshiwara Patalganga Sal Savitri Shastri Surya Tansa Terekhol Ulhas Vaitarna Vashishti Zuari
1.7
87.4
24.3
Brahmani-Baitarani
North-east
Bay of Bengal
Brahmani Baitarani
Kharasrota
1.6
28.5
6.8
North-east rivers excluding Brahmaputra
North-east
Bay of Bengal
Aie Baralia Bharalu Bhogdoi Borgang Champabati Diju Dikhow Dikrong Diphlu Dudhnoi Gabharu Gumti Iril Jatinga Jhanji Jiadhal Jiri Kaladan Karnaphuli Khowai Krishnai Kulsi Mora Dhansiri Muhuri Myntdu Nona Pagladiya Ranganadi Mora Diphlu Thega Tipkai Tirap Tuni
1.1
31.0
Mahi
North-west
Arabian Sea
Mahi
Gomati
1.1
11.0
34.5
Subarnarekha
North-east
Bay of Bengal
Subarnarekha
Kharkai
0.9
12.4
Sabarmati
North-west
Arabian Sea
Sabarmati
Sei Wakal
0.7
3.8
3.1
Rajasthan inland basin
North-east
None
Luni
Bandi Ghaggar Guhiya Jawai Jojari Liladi Sukri
Negligible
Negligible
15.0

References

  1. The Ganges splits into Hooghly and Padma Rivers after Farakka in West Bengal. The Hooghly flows into the Bay of Bengal n
  2. The Jhelum and Ravi join the Chenab, the Beas River joins the Sutlej. Later the Chenab joins with the Sutlej to form the
  3. These rivers flow through to Bangladesh, or Myanmar from India.
  4. Know India
    https://knowindia.india.gov.in/profile/india-at-a-glance.php
  5. Food and Agriculture Organization
    https://web.archive.org/web/20140411065015/http://www.fao.org/nr/water/aquastat/countries_regions/IND/IND-CP_eng.pdf
  6. Know India
    https://knowindia.india.gov.in/profile/rivers.php
  7. MS Swaminathan Research Foundation
    https://mssrfcabc.res.in/?page_id=13807
  8. International Journal of Soft Computing and Engineering
    https://web.archive.org/web/20150514095709/http://ijsce.org/attachments/File/v3i1/A1288033113.pdf
  9. "Formation of Western Ghats"
    https://wgbis.ces.iisc.ac.in/biodiversity/sahyadri/wgbis_info/form.htm
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