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List of regicides of Charles I

Updated: Wikipedia source

List of regicides of Charles I

The Regicides of Charles I were the men responsible for the execution of Charles I on 30 January 1649. The term generally refers to the fifty-nine commissioners who signed the execution warrant. This followed his conviction for treason by the High Court of Justice. After the 1660 Stuart Restoration, the fifty-nine signatories were among a total of 104 individuals accused of direct involvement in the sentencing and execution. They were excluded from the Indemnity and Oblivion Act, which granted a general amnesty for acts committed during the Wars of the Three Kingdoms and subsequent Interregnum. Regicide is not a term recognised in English law, and there is no agreed definition, with some historians including all 104 individuals. Twenty of the fifty-nine Commissioners died before the Restoration, including John Bradshaw, who presided over the trial, and Oliver Cromwell, its originator. Eight of the survivors were executed, sixteen died awaiting trial or later in prison, two were pardoned, and the remainder escaped into exile.

Infobox

Citation
12 Cha. 2. c. 30
Repealed
1 January 1970
Long title
An Act for the Attainder of severall persons guilty of the horrid Murther of his late Sacred Majestie King Charles the first.
Relates to
Confirmation of Acts Act 1661
Repealed by
Statute Law (Repeals) Act 1969
Commencement
25 April 1660[b]
Royal assent
29 December 1660
Territorial extent
England and Wales

Tables

Commissioners whose signatures appeared on the death warrant · Regicides › Commissioners who signed the death warrant
John Bradshaw, President of the Court
John Bradshaw, President of the Court
Order
1
Name
John Bradshaw, President of the Court
At the Restoration
Dead
Notes
Died in 1659. Posthumous execution: disinterred, hanged at Tyburn and beheaded. His body was thrown into a pit and the head placed on a spike at the end of Westminster Hall, facing the direction of the spot where Charles I had been executed.
Lord Grey of Groby
Lord Grey of Groby
Order
2
Name
Lord Grey of Groby
At the Restoration
Dead
Notes
Died in 1657
Oliver Cromwell
Oliver Cromwell
Order
3
Name
Oliver Cromwell
At the Restoration
Dead
Notes
Died in 1658. Posthumous execution: disinterred, hanged at Tyburn and beheaded. His body was thrown into a pit and the head placed on a spike at the end of Westminster Hall, facing the direction of the spot where Charles I had been executed.
Edward Whalley
Edward Whalley
Order
4
Name
Edward Whalley
At the Restoration
Alive
Notes
Fled to the New Haven Colony with a co-commissioner, his son-in-law William Goffe, to avoid trial. He was alive but in poor health in 1674, where he was sought by the agents of Charles II but shielded by the sympathetic colonists. He probably died in 1675.
Sir Michael Livesey
Sir Michael Livesey
Order
5
Name
Sir Michael Livesey
At the Restoration
Alive
Notes
Fled to the Netherlands. In June 1665, he was known to be at Rotterdam, and probably died there shortly afterwards.
John Okey
John Okey
Order
6
Name
John Okey
At the Restoration
Alive
Notes
Fled to Germany, but was arrested by the English Ambassador to the Netherlands, Sir George Downing. He was tried, found guilty and hanged, drawn and quartered in April 1662.
Sir John Danvers
Sir John Danvers
Order
7
Name
Sir John Danvers
At the Restoration
Dead
Notes
Died in 1655
Sir John Bourchier
Sir John Bourchier
Order
8
Name
Sir John Bourchier
At the Restoration
Alive
Notes
Too ill to be tried and died in 1660
Henry Ireton
Henry Ireton
Order
9
Name
Henry Ireton
At the Restoration
Dead
Notes
Died in 1651. Posthumous execution: disinterred, hanged at Tyburn and beheaded. His body was thrown into a pit and the head placed on a spike at the end of Westminster Hall, facing the direction of the spot where Charles I had been executed.
Sir Thomas Mauleverer
Sir Thomas Mauleverer
Order
10
Name
Sir Thomas Mauleverer
At the Restoration
Dead
Notes
Died in 1655, but was exempted from the Indemnity and Oblivion Act
Sir Hardress Waller
Sir Hardress Waller
Order
11
Name
Sir Hardress Waller
At the Restoration
Alive
Notes
Fled to France; later returned and was found guilty. Sentenced to death, but the sentence was commuted to life imprisonment. Died 1666 in prison on Jersey.
John Blakiston
John Blakiston
Order
12
Name
John Blakiston
At the Restoration
Dead
Notes
Died in 1649
John Hutchinson
John Hutchinson
Order
13
Name
John Hutchinson
At the Restoration
Alive
Notes
Pardoned in 1660, but was implicated in the 1663 Farnley Wood Plot; he was imprisoned in Sandown Castle, Kent where he died on 11 September 1664.
William Goffe
William Goffe
Order
14
Name
William Goffe
At the Restoration
Alive
Notes
Fled to the New Haven Colony with a co-commissioner, his father-in-law Edward Whalley; escaped from being arrested in 1678. Burke's Peerage reports that William Goffe died in New Haven, Ct in 1680.
Thomas Pride
Thomas Pride
Order
15
Name
Thomas Pride
At the Restoration
Dead
Notes
Died in 1658. Posthumous execution alongside Cromwell, Ireton and Bradshaw was ordered but not carried out
Peter Temple
Peter Temple
Order
16
Name
Peter Temple
At the Restoration
Alive
Notes
Brought to trial, sentenced to death but sentence was commuted to life imprisonment. He died in the Tower of London in 1663
Thomas Harrison
Thomas Harrison
Order
17
Name
Thomas Harrison
At the Restoration
Alive
Notes
First to be found guilty. Was hanged, drawn and quartered at Charing Cross on 13 October 1660. He was a leader of the Fifth Monarchists, who still posed a threat to the Restoration.
John Hewson
John Hewson
Order
18
Name
John Hewson
At the Restoration
Alive
Notes
Fled to Amsterdam, then possibly Rouen. He died in one of those cities in either 1662 or 1663.
Henry Smith
Henry Smith
Order
19
Name
Henry Smith
At the Restoration
Alive
Notes
Brought to trial, sentenced to death but sentence was commuted to life imprisonment. He was held in the Tower of London until 1664 and was transported to Mont Orgueil castle in Jersey. Died 1668.
Sir Peregrine Pelham
Sir Peregrine Pelham
Order
20
Name
Sir Peregrine Pelham
At the Restoration
Dead
Notes
Died in 1650
Richard Deane
Richard Deane
Order
21
Name
Richard Deane
At the Restoration
Dead
Notes
Died in 1653. Disinterred and thrown into a communal pit.
Sir Robert Tichborne
Sir Robert Tichborne
Order
22
Name
Sir Robert Tichborne
At the Restoration
Alive
Notes
Brought to trial, sentenced to death but was reprieved. He spent the rest of his life imprisoned in the Tower of London. Died 1682.
Humphrey Edwards
Humphrey Edwards
Order
23
Name
Humphrey Edwards
At the Restoration
Dead
Notes
Died in 1658
Daniel Blagrave
Daniel Blagrave
Order
24
Name
Daniel Blagrave
At the Restoration
Alive
Notes
Fled to Aachen — now in Germany — where he probably died in 1668
Owen Rowe
Owen Rowe
Order
25
Name
Owen Rowe
At the Restoration
Alive
Notes
Brought to trial, sentenced to death, but died in the Tower of London in December 1661 while awaiting execution.
William Purefoy
William Purefoy
Order
26
Name
William Purefoy
At the Restoration
Dead
Notes
Died in 1659
Adrian Scrope
Adrian Scrope
Order
27
Name
Adrian Scrope
At the Restoration
Alive
Notes
Tried, found guilty: hanged, drawn and quartered at Charing Cross on 17 October 1660
James Temple
James Temple
Order
28
Name
James Temple
At the Restoration
Alive
Notes
Brought to trial, sentenced to life imprisonment on Jersey; he is reported to have died there on 17 February 1680.
Augustine Garland
Augustine Garland
Order
29
Name
Augustine Garland
At the Restoration
Alive
Notes
Brought to trial, his death sentence was commuted to life imprisonment. He died in or after 1677.
Henry Marten
Henry Marten
Order
31
Name
Henry Marten
At the Restoration
Alive
Notes
Tried and found guilty. He was sentenced to life imprisonment and died in Chepstow Castle in 1680.
Vincent Potter
Vincent Potter
Order
32
Name
Vincent Potter
At the Restoration
Alive
Notes
Brought to trial, he received the death sentence but it was not carried out; he died in the Tower of London, probably in 1661.
Sir William Constable, 1st Baronet
Sir William Constable, 1st Baronet
Order
33
Name
Sir William Constable, 1st Baronet
At the Restoration
Dead
Notes
Died in 1655. Disinterred and thrown into a communal pit.
Sir Richard Ingoldsby
Sir Richard Ingoldsby
Order
34
Name
Sir Richard Ingoldsby
At the Restoration
Alive
Notes
Assisted General Monck during Restoration. Pardoned. Died 1685.
William Cawley
William Cawley
Order
35
Name
William Cawley
At the Restoration
Alive
Notes
Escaped to Switzerland, where he died in 1667
John Barkstead
John Barkstead
Order
36
Name
John Barkstead
At the Restoration
Alive
Notes
Arrested by the English ambassador to the Netherlands, Sir George Downing, extradited and executed in 1662
Isaac Ewer
Isaac Ewer
Order
37
Name
Isaac Ewer
At the Restoration
Dead
Notes
Died in 1650 or 1651
John Dixwell
John Dixwell
Order
38
Name
John Dixwell
At the Restoration
Alive
Notes
Believed dead in England, he fled to the New Haven Colony, where he died in 1689 under an assumed name.
Valentine Walton
Valentine Walton
Order
39
Name
Valentine Walton
At the Restoration
Alive
Notes
Escaped to Germany after being condemned as a regicide. Died in 1661.
Simon Mayne
Simon Mayne
Order
40
Name
Simon Mayne
At the Restoration
Alive
Notes
Tried and sentenced to death, he died in the Tower of London in 1661 before his appeal could be heard.
Thomas Horton
Thomas Horton
Order
41
Name
Thomas Horton
At the Restoration
Dead
Notes
Died in 1649
John Jones Maesygarnedd
John Jones Maesygarnedd
Order
42
Name
John Jones Maesygarnedd
At the Restoration
Alive
Notes
Tried, found guilty: hanged, drawn and quartered at Charing Cross on 17 October 1660
John Moore
John Moore
Order
43
Name
John Moore
At the Restoration
Dead
Notes
Died in 1650
Gilbert Millington
Gilbert Millington
Order
44
Name
Gilbert Millington
At the Restoration
Alive
Notes
Tried and sentenced to death, but sentence commuted to life imprisonment. Millington spent his final years in Jersey and died in 1666.
George Fleetwood
George Fleetwood
Order
45
Name
George Fleetwood
At the Restoration
Alive
Notes
Brought to trial and sentenced to imprisonment in the Tower of London. He may have been transported to Tangier. Died c. 1672.
John Alured
John Alured
Order
46
Name
John Alured
At the Restoration
Dead
Notes
Died in 1651
Robert Lilburne
Robert Lilburne
Order
47
Name
Robert Lilburne
At the Restoration
Alive
Notes
Tried in October 1660 and sentenced to death, although this was later commuted to life imprisonment. Died in prison in August 1665.
William Say
William Say
Order
48
Name
William Say
At the Restoration
Alive
Notes
Escaped to Switzerland. Died 1666.
Anthony Stapley
Anthony Stapley
Order
49
Name
Anthony Stapley
At the Restoration
Dead
Notes
Died in 1655
Sir Gregory Norton, 1st Baronet
Sir Gregory Norton, 1st Baronet
Order
50
Name
Sir Gregory Norton, 1st Baronet
At the Restoration
Dead
Notes
Died in 1652
Thomas Chaloner
Thomas Chaloner
Order
51
Name
Thomas Chaloner
At the Restoration
Alive
Notes
Escaped, and died at Middelburg in the Netherlands in 1661.
Thomas Wogan
Thomas Wogan
Order
52
Name
Thomas Wogan
At the Restoration
Alive
Notes
Held at York Castle until 1664 when he escaped to the Netherlands; still alive in 1666
John Venn
John Venn
Order
53
Name
John Venn
At the Restoration
Dead
Notes
Died in 1650
Gregory Clement
Gregory Clement
Order
54
Name
Gregory Clement
At the Restoration
Alive
Notes
Went into hiding, he was captured, tried and found guilty. He was hanged, drawn and quartered at Charing Cross on 17 October 1660.
John Downes
John Downes
Order
55
Name
John Downes
At the Restoration
Alive
Notes
Tried, found guilty and sentenced to life imprisonment. Died 1666.
Thomas Waite
Thomas Waite
Order
56
Name
Thomas Waite
At the Restoration
Alive
Notes
Tried, found guilty of regicide, and sentenced to life imprisonment. Died 1688 Jersey
Thomas Scot
Thomas Scot
Order
57
Name
Thomas Scot
At the Restoration
Alive
Notes
Fled to Brussels, returned to England, was tried, found guilty; and hanged, drawn and quartered at Charing Cross on 17 October 1660. Died unrepentant.
John Carew
John Carew
Order
58
Name
John Carew
At the Restoration
Alive
Notes
Joined Fifth Monarchists. Tried, found guilty; and hanged, drawn and quartered at Charing Cross on 15 October 1660.
Miles Corbet
Miles Corbet
Order
59
Name
Miles Corbet
At the Restoration
Alive
Notes
Fled to the Netherlands; arrested by the English ambassador to the Netherlands Sir George Downing; extradited; tried; found guilty; and was hanged, drawn and quartered on 19 April 1662.
Order
Name
At the Restoration
Notes
mw- Ref.
1
John Bradshaw, President of the Court
Dead
Died in 1659. Posthumous execution: disinterred, hanged at Tyburn and beheaded. His body was thrown into a pit and the head placed on a spike at the end of Westminster Hall, facing the direction of the spot where Charles I had been executed.
2
Lord Grey of Groby
Dead
Died in 1657
3
Oliver Cromwell
Dead
Died in 1658. Posthumous execution: disinterred, hanged at Tyburn and beheaded. His body was thrown into a pit and the head placed on a spike at the end of Westminster Hall, facing the direction of the spot where Charles I had been executed.
4
Edward Whalley
Alive
Fled to the New Haven Colony with a co-commissioner, his son-in-law William Goffe, to avoid trial. He was alive but in poor health in 1674, where he was sought by the agents of Charles II but shielded by the sympathetic colonists. He probably died in 1675.
5
Sir Michael Livesey
Alive
Fled to the Netherlands. In June 1665, he was known to be at Rotterdam, and probably died there shortly afterwards.
6
John Okey
Alive
Fled to Germany, but was arrested by the English Ambassador to the Netherlands, Sir George Downing. He was tried, found guilty and hanged, drawn and quartered in April 1662.
7
Sir John Danvers
Dead
Died in 1655
8
Sir John Bourchier
Alive
Too ill to be tried and died in 1660
9
Henry Ireton
Dead
Died in 1651. Posthumous execution: disinterred, hanged at Tyburn and beheaded. His body was thrown into a pit and the head placed on a spike at the end of Westminster Hall, facing the direction of the spot where Charles I had been executed.
10
Sir Thomas Mauleverer
Dead
Died in 1655, but was exempted from the Indemnity and Oblivion Act
11
Sir Hardress Waller
Alive
Fled to France; later returned and was found guilty. Sentenced to death, but the sentence was commuted to life imprisonment. Died 1666 in prison on Jersey.
12
John Blakiston
Dead
Died in 1649
13
John Hutchinson
Alive
Pardoned in 1660, but was implicated in the 1663 Farnley Wood Plot; he was imprisoned in Sandown Castle, Kent where he died on 11 September 1664.
14
William Goffe
Alive
Fled to the New Haven Colony with a co-commissioner, his father-in-law Edward Whalley; escaped from being arrested in 1678. Burke's Peerage reports that William Goffe died in New Haven, Ct in 1680.
15
Thomas Pride
Dead
Died in 1658. Posthumous execution alongside Cromwell, Ireton and Bradshaw was ordered but not carried out
16
Peter Temple
Alive
Brought to trial, sentenced to death but sentence was commuted to life imprisonment. He died in the Tower of London in 1663
17
Thomas Harrison
Alive
First to be found guilty. Was hanged, drawn and quartered at Charing Cross on 13 October 1660. He was a leader of the Fifth Monarchists, who still posed a threat to the Restoration.
18
John Hewson
Alive
Fled to Amsterdam, then possibly Rouen. He died in one of those cities in either 1662 or 1663.
19
Henry Smith
Alive
Brought to trial, sentenced to death but sentence was commuted to life imprisonment. He was held in the Tower of London until 1664 and was transported to Mont Orgueil castle in Jersey. Died 1668.
20
Sir Peregrine Pelham
Dead
Died in 1650
21
Richard Deane
Dead
Died in 1653. Disinterred and thrown into a communal pit.
22
Sir Robert Tichborne
Alive
Brought to trial, sentenced to death but was reprieved. He spent the rest of his life imprisoned in the Tower of London. Died 1682.
23
Humphrey Edwards
Dead
Died in 1658
24
Daniel Blagrave
Alive
Fled to Aachen — now in Germany — where he probably died in 1668
25
Owen Rowe
Alive
Brought to trial, sentenced to death, but died in the Tower of London in December 1661 while awaiting execution.
26
William Purefoy
Dead
Died in 1659
27
Adrian Scrope
Alive
Tried, found guilty: hanged, drawn and quartered at Charing Cross on 17 October 1660
28
James Temple
Alive
Brought to trial, sentenced to life imprisonment on Jersey; he is reported to have died there on 17 February 1680.
29
Augustine Garland
Alive
Brought to trial, his death sentence was commuted to life imprisonment. He died in or after 1677.
30
Edmund Ludlow
Alive
Surrendered to the Speaker of the House of Commons, and then escaped to Vevey in the Canton of Bern. Died 1692.
31
Henry Marten
Alive
Tried and found guilty. He was sentenced to life imprisonment and died in Chepstow Castle in 1680.
32
Vincent Potter
Alive
Brought to trial, he received the death sentence but it was not carried out; he died in the Tower of London, probably in 1661.
33
Sir William Constable, 1st Baronet
Dead
Died in 1655. Disinterred and thrown into a communal pit.
34
Sir Richard Ingoldsby
Alive
Assisted General Monck during Restoration. Pardoned. Died 1685.
35
William Cawley
Alive
Escaped to Switzerland, where he died in 1667
36
John Barkstead
Alive
Arrested by the English ambassador to the Netherlands, Sir George Downing, extradited and executed in 1662
37
Isaac Ewer
Dead
Died in 1650 or 1651
38
John Dixwell
Alive
Believed dead in England, he fled to the New Haven Colony, where he died in 1689 under an assumed name.
39
Valentine Walton
Alive
Escaped to Germany after being condemned as a regicide. Died in 1661.
40
Simon Mayne
Alive
Tried and sentenced to death, he died in the Tower of London in 1661 before his appeal could be heard.
41
Thomas Horton
Dead
Died in 1649
42
John Jones Maesygarnedd
Alive
Tried, found guilty: hanged, drawn and quartered at Charing Cross on 17 October 1660
43
John Moore
Dead
Died in 1650
44
Gilbert Millington
Alive
Tried and sentenced to death, but sentence commuted to life imprisonment. Millington spent his final years in Jersey and died in 1666.
45
George Fleetwood
Alive
Brought to trial and sentenced to imprisonment in the Tower of London. He may have been transported to Tangier. Died c. 1672.
46
John Alured
Dead
Died in 1651
47
Robert Lilburne
Alive
Tried in October 1660 and sentenced to death, although this was later commuted to life imprisonment. Died in prison in August 1665.
48
William Say
Alive
Escaped to Switzerland. Died 1666.
49
Anthony Stapley
Dead
Died in 1655
The commissioners who did not sign · Regicides › Commissioners who did not sign
Francis Allen
Francis Allen
Name
Francis Allen
At the Restoration
Dead
Notes
Attended several sessions including 27 January when the sentence was agreed upon. His name was one of 24 dead regicides who were excepted from the Indemnity and Oblivion Act 1660 (section XXXVII of the act).
Sir Thomas Andrewes (or Andrews)
Sir Thomas Andrewes (or Andrews)
Name
Sir Thomas Andrewes (or Andrews)
At the Restoration
Dead
Notes
Attended three sessions, including 27 January when the sentence was agreed upon. His name was one of 24 dead regicides who were excepted from the Indemnity and Oblivion Act 1660 (section XXXVII of the act).
Thomas Hammond
Thomas Hammond
Name
Thomas Hammond
At the Restoration
Dead
Notes
Attended 14 sessions. He was excepted from the Indemnity and Oblivion Act, allowing the state to confiscate the property that had belonged to him (section XXXVII of the act).
Sir James Harington, 3rd Baronet
Sir James Harington, 3rd Baronet
Name
Sir James Harington, 3rd Baronet
At the Restoration
Alive
Notes
Escaped and died in exile on the European mainland in 1680.
Edmund Harvey
Edmund Harvey
Name
Edmund Harvey
At the Restoration
Alive
Notes
He was tried in October 1660, and sentenced to life imprisonment. He died in Pendennis Castle, Cornwall, in June 1673.
William Heveningham
William Heveningham
Name
William Heveningham
At the Restoration
Alive
Notes
Found guilty of treason but successfully petitioned for mercy and was thereafter imprisoned in Windsor Castle until his death in 1678
Cornelius Holland
Cornelius Holland
Name
Cornelius Holland
At the Restoration
Alive
Notes
He fled to the Netherlands, then on to Lausanne and Vevey where he died, probably in 1671.
Sir John Lisle
Sir John Lisle
Name
Sir John Lisle
At the Restoration
Alive
Notes
Escaped to Lausanne, Switzerland but was shot or stabbed by the Irish Royalist James Fitz Edmond Cotter (using the alias Thomas Macdonnell) in August 1664.
Nicholas Love
Nicholas Love
Name
Nicholas Love
At the Restoration
Alive
Notes
Escaped to Hamburg. Died in Vevey, Switzerland in 1682.
Isaac Penington
Isaac Penington
Name
Isaac Penington
At the Restoration
Alive
Notes
Sentenced to life imprisonment and died in the Tower of London in 1661
James Chaloner (or Challoner)
James Chaloner (or Challoner)
Name
James Chaloner (or Challoner)
At the Restoration
Alive
Notes
Brother of Thomas Chaloner. He died in July 1660 from an illness caught after being imprisoned the previous year for supporting General Monck.
John Dove
John Dove
Name
John Dove
At the Restoration
Alive
Notes
He took no part in the trial other than being present when the sentence was agreed. At the Restoration he was contrite and, after making an abject submission to Parliament, he was allowed to depart unpunished. Died 1664 or 1665.
John Fry
John Fry
Name
John Fry
At the Restoration
Dead
Notes
He was debarred from sitting on the High Court for heterodoxy on 26 January 1649, one day before the sentence was pronounced. His name was one of 24 dead regicides who were excepted from the Indemnity and Oblivion Act in 1660. Died 1657.
Sir Henry Mildmay
Sir Henry Mildmay
Name
Sir Henry Mildmay
At the Restoration
Alive
Notes
Tried, stripped of his knighthood and sentenced to life imprisonment. He died either at Antwerp in 1664/65 while being exiled to Tangier, or at Tangier in 1668.
William Mounson, 1st Viscount Monson
William Mounson, 1st Viscount Monson
Name
William Mounson, 1st Viscount Monson
At the Restoration
Alive
Notes
Tried, stripped of his titles and property and imprisoned for life in the Fleet Prison where he died in 1673.
Sir Gilbert Pickering, 1st Baronet
Sir Gilbert Pickering, 1st Baronet
Name
Sir Gilbert Pickering, 1st Baronet
At the Restoration
Alive
Notes
He only attended two sittings at the trial and he did not sign Charles's death warrant, so he was able to use the influence of his brother-in-law Earl of Sandwich, to secure his pardon, although he was banned for life from holding any office.
Robert Wallop
Robert Wallop
Name
Robert Wallop
At the Restoration
Alive
Notes
Sentenced to life imprisonment and died in the Tower of London in 1667
Name
At the Restoration
Notes
Ref.
Francis Allen
Dead
Attended several sessions including 27 January when the sentence was agreed upon. His name was one of 24 dead regicides who were excepted from the Indemnity and Oblivion Act 1660 (section XXXVII of the act).
Sir Thomas Andrewes (or Andrews)
Dead
Attended three sessions, including 27 January when the sentence was agreed upon. His name was one of 24 dead regicides who were excepted from the Indemnity and Oblivion Act 1660 (section XXXVII of the act).
Thomas Hammond
Dead
Attended 14 sessions. He was excepted from the Indemnity and Oblivion Act, allowing the state to confiscate the property that had belonged to him (section XXXVII of the act).
Sir James Harington, 3rd Baronet
Alive
Escaped and died in exile on the European mainland in 1680.
Edmund Harvey
Alive
He was tried in October 1660, and sentenced to life imprisonment. He died in Pendennis Castle, Cornwall, in June 1673.
William Heveningham
Alive
Found guilty of treason but successfully petitioned for mercy and was thereafter imprisoned in Windsor Castle until his death in 1678
Cornelius Holland
Alive
He fled to the Netherlands, then on to Lausanne and Vevey where he died, probably in 1671.
Sir John Lisle
Alive
Escaped to Lausanne, Switzerland but was shot or stabbed by the Irish Royalist James Fitz Edmond Cotter (using the alias Thomas Macdonnell) in August 1664.
Nicholas Love
Alive
Escaped to Hamburg. Died in Vevey, Switzerland in 1682.
Isaac Penington
Alive
Sentenced to life imprisonment and died in the Tower of London in 1661
James Chaloner (or Challoner)
Alive
Brother of Thomas Chaloner. He died in July 1660 from an illness caught after being imprisoned the previous year for supporting General Monck.
John Dove
Alive
He took no part in the trial other than being present when the sentence was agreed. At the Restoration he was contrite and, after making an abject submission to Parliament, he was allowed to depart unpunished. Died 1664 or 1665.
John Fry
Dead
He was debarred from sitting on the High Court for heterodoxy on 26 January 1649, one day before the sentence was pronounced. His name was one of 24 dead regicides who were excepted from the Indemnity and Oblivion Act in 1660. Died 1657.
Sir Henry Mildmay
Alive
Tried, stripped of his knighthood and sentenced to life imprisonment. He died either at Antwerp in 1664/65 while being exiled to Tangier, or at Tangier in 1668.
William Mounson, 1st Viscount Monson
Alive
Tried, stripped of his titles and property and imprisoned for life in the Fleet Prison where he died in 1673.
Sir Gilbert Pickering, 1st Baronet
Alive
He only attended two sittings at the trial and he did not sign Charles's death warrant, so he was able to use the influence of his brother-in-law Earl of Sandwich, to secure his pardon, although he was banned for life from holding any office.
Robert Wallop
Alive
Sentenced to life imprisonment and died in the Tower of London in 1667
· Regicides › Other regicides
Daniel Axtell
Daniel Axtell
Name
Daniel Axtell
Office
Officer of the Guard
At the Restoration
Alive
Notes
Tried, found guilty of participating in the regicide; hanged, drawn and quartered at Tyburn in October 1660.
Andrew Broughton
Andrew Broughton
Name
Andrew Broughton
Office
Clerk of the Court
At the Restoration
Alive
Notes
Escaped to Switzerland in 1663. Died 1687.
John Cook
John Cook
Name
John Cook
Office
Solicitor-General
At the Restoration
Alive
Notes
Tried, found guilty of regicide; hanged, drawn and quartered at Charing Cross in October 1660
Edward Dendy
Edward Dendy
Name
Edward Dendy
Office
Serjeant-at-arms
At the Restoration
Alive
Notes
Escaped to Switzerland in 1663; died 1674
Dr Isaac Dorislaus
Dr Isaac Dorislaus
Name
Dr Isaac Dorislaus
Office
Assistant to the Solicitor-General
At the Restoration
Dead
Notes
A distinguished scholar from the Netherlands, he was murdered in the Hague in 1649 by Royalist refugees.
Francis Hacker
Francis Hacker
Name
Francis Hacker
Office
Officer of the Guard
At the Restoration
Alive
Notes
Tried, found guilty of signing the execution order; hanged at Tyburn in October 1660
William Hewlet
William Hewlet
Name
William Hewlet
Office
Captain in the Guard
At the Restoration
Alive
Notes
Found guilty of regicide at the same trial as Daniel Axtell, but not executed with him.
Cornelius Holland
Cornelius Holland
Name
Cornelius Holland
Office
Member of Council of State
At the Restoration
Alive
Notes
Escaped to Lausanne, Switzerland at Restoration. Died in 1671.
Hercules Huncks
Hercules Huncks
Name
Hercules Huncks
Office
Officer of the Guard
At the Restoration
Alive
Notes
Refused to sign the order to the executioners, which Francis Hacker did in his place. He testified against Daniel Axtell and Hacker, and was pardoned. Died in 1676.
Robert Phayre
Robert Phayre
Name
Robert Phayre
Office
Officer of the Guard
At the Restoration
Alive
Notes
Refused to sign the order to the executioners. He was arrested but not tried; released in 1662. Died in 1682.
John Phelps
John Phelps
Name
John Phelps
Office
Clerk of the Court
At the Restoration
Alive
Notes
Escaped to Switzerland. Died in 1666.
Matthew Thomlinson
Matthew Thomlinson
Name
Matthew Thomlinson
Office
Officer of the Guard
At the Restoration
Alive
Notes
Was appointed a commissioner but never sat in the court. He was pardoned for showing courtesy to the King and for testifying against Daniel Axtell and Francis Hacker. Died in 1681.
Hugh Peter
Hugh Peter
Name
Hugh Peter
At the Restoration
Alive
Notes
A radical preacher, he was tried and found guilty of inciting regicide; hanged, drawn and quartered at Charing Cross in October 1660.
Anonymous
Anonymous
Name
Anonymous
Office
Headsman and assistant
At the Restoration
Unknown
Notes
Article XXXIV of the Act of Pardon and Oblivion listed by name 49 of the men mentioned here and also two others who were unnamed and identified as "those two persons, ... who being disguised by frocks and vizors, did appear upon the scaffold erected before Whitehall". This was the headsman and his assistant, who have never been identified. William Hewlet was found guilty of being one or other of the men on the scaffold, but seems to have been reprieved by the judges on the grounds that the evidence was flimsy. .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- }Further information: Executioner of Charles I
Name
Office
At the Restoration
Notes
Ref.
Daniel Axtell
Officer of the Guard
Alive
Tried, found guilty of participating in the regicide; hanged, drawn and quartered at Tyburn in October 1660.
Andrew Broughton
Clerk of the Court
Alive
Escaped to Switzerland in 1663. Died 1687.
John Cook
Solicitor-General
Alive
Tried, found guilty of regicide; hanged, drawn and quartered at Charing Cross in October 1660
Edward Dendy
Serjeant-at-arms
Alive
Escaped to Switzerland in 1663; died 1674
Dr Isaac Dorislaus
Assistant to the Solicitor-General
Dead
A distinguished scholar from the Netherlands, he was murdered in the Hague in 1649 by Royalist refugees.
Francis Hacker
Officer of the Guard
Alive
Tried, found guilty of signing the execution order; hanged at Tyburn in October 1660
William Hewlet
Captain in the Guard
Alive
Found guilty of regicide at the same trial as Daniel Axtell, but not executed with him.
Cornelius Holland
Member of Council of State
Alive
Escaped to Lausanne, Switzerland at Restoration. Died in 1671.
Hercules Huncks
Officer of the Guard
Alive
Refused to sign the order to the executioners, which Francis Hacker did in his place. He testified against Daniel Axtell and Hacker, and was pardoned. Died in 1676.
Robert Phayre
Officer of the Guard
Alive
Refused to sign the order to the executioners. He was arrested but not tried; released in 1662. Died in 1682.
John Phelps
Clerk of the Court
Alive
Escaped to Switzerland. Died in 1666.
Matthew Thomlinson
Officer of the Guard
Alive
Was appointed a commissioner but never sat in the court. He was pardoned for showing courtesy to the King and for testifying against Daniel Axtell and Francis Hacker. Died in 1681.
Hugh Peter
Alive
A radical preacher, he was tried and found guilty of inciting regicide; hanged, drawn and quartered at Charing Cross in October 1660.
Anonymous
Headsman and assistant
Unknown
Article XXXIV of the Act of Pardon and Oblivion listed by name 49 of the men mentioned here and also two others who were unnamed and identified as "those two persons, ... who being disguised by frocks and vizors, did appear upon the scaffold erected before Whitehall". This was the headsman and his assistant, who have never been identified. William Hewlet was found guilty of being one or other of the men on the scaffold, but seems to have been reprieved by the judges on the grounds that the evidence was flimsy. .mw- .mw- }Further information: Executioner of Charles I
· Others exempted from the general pardon and found guilty of treason
John Lambert
John Lambert
Name
John Lambert
At the Restoration
Alive
Notes
Lambert was not in London for the trial of Charles I. At the Restoration, he was found guilty of high treason and remained in custody for the rest of his life, first in Guernsey and then on Drake's Island, where he died in 1683/84.
Sir Henry Vane the Younger
Sir Henry Vane the Younger
Name
Sir Henry Vane the Younger
At the Restoration
Alive
Notes
After much debate in Parliament, he was exempted from the Indemnity and Oblivion Act. He was tried for high treason, found guilty and beheaded on Tower Hill in June 1662.
Name
At the Restoration
Notes
Ref.
John Lambert
Alive
Lambert was not in London for the trial of Charles I. At the Restoration, he was found guilty of high treason and remained in custody for the rest of his life, first in Guernsey and then on Drake's Island, where he died in 1683/84.
Sir Henry Vane the Younger
Alive
After much debate in Parliament, he was exempted from the Indemnity and Oblivion Act. He was tried for high treason, found guilty and beheaded on Tower Hill in June 1662.
Actions under the Scottish Act of indemnity and oblivion · Others exempted from the general pardon and found guilty of treason
Archibald Campbell (8th Earl of Argyll)
Archibald Campbell (8th Earl of Argyll)
Name
Archibald Campbell (8th Earl of Argyll)
Fate
Beheaded 27 May 1661.
Notes
At his trial in Edinburgh Argyll was acquitted of complicity in the death of Charles I, and his escape from the whole charge seemed imminent, but the arrival of a packet of letters written by Argyll to Monck showed conclusively his collaboration with Cromwell's government, particularly in the suppression of Glencairn's Royalist rising in 1652. He was immediately sentenced to death.
James Guthrie
James Guthrie
Name
James Guthrie
Fate
Hanged 1 June 1661.
Notes
On 20 February 1661 Guthrie was arraigned for high treason before the parliament, with Earl of Middleton presiding as commissioner. The indictment had six counts; the contriving of the "Western Remonstrance" and the rejection of the king's ecclesiastical authority were, from a legal point of view, the most formidable charges. The trial was not concluded until 11 April. On 28 May parliament, having found him guilty of treason, ordered him to be hanged.
Captain William Govan
Captain William Govan
Name
Captain William Govan
Fate
Hanged 1 June 1661 (after Guthrie).
Archibald Johnston, Lord Warriston
Archibald Johnston, Lord Warriston
Name
Archibald Johnston, Lord Warriston
Fate
hanged 22 July 1663
Notes
At the Restoration Warriston fled to Holland and thence to Hamburg in Germany. He was condemned to death (and stripped of his properties and title) in absentia on 15 May 1661. In 1663, having ventured into France, he was discovered at Rouen, and with the consent of Louis XIV was brought to England and imprisoned in the Tower of London. In June he was taken to Edinburgh and confined in the Tolbooth, and was hanged on 22 July 1663.
John Swinton (1621?–1679)
John Swinton (1621?–1679)
Name
John Swinton (1621?–1679)
Fate
Imprisoned
Notes
Swinton was condemned to forfeiture and imprisonment in Edinburgh Castle, where he remained for some years before being released.
John Home of Kelloe
John Home of Kelloe
Name
John Home of Kelloe
Fate
Estates sequestrated
Notes
In 1661, Home had his estates sequestrated for being with the English Parliamentary army against King Charles II's army at the Battle of Worcester in 1651. After the Glorious Revolution of 1688 the estates were restored to his son George.
Name
Fate
Notes
Archibald Campbell (8th Earl of Argyll)
Beheaded 27 May 1661.
At his trial in Edinburgh Argyll was acquitted of complicity in the death of Charles I, and his escape from the whole charge seemed imminent, but the arrival of a packet of letters written by Argyll to Monck showed conclusively his collaboration with Cromwell's government, particularly in the suppression of Glencairn's Royalist rising in 1652. He was immediately sentenced to death.
James Guthrie
Hanged 1 June 1661.
On 20 February 1661 Guthrie was arraigned for high treason before the parliament, with Earl of Middleton presiding as commissioner. The indictment had six counts; the contriving of the "Western Remonstrance" and the rejection of the king's ecclesiastical authority were, from a legal point of view, the most formidable charges. The trial was not concluded until 11 April. On 28 May parliament, having found him guilty of treason, ordered him to be hanged.
Captain William Govan
Hanged 1 June 1661 (after Guthrie).
Archibald Johnston, Lord Warriston
hanged 22 July 1663
At the Restoration Warriston fled to Holland and thence to Hamburg in Germany. He was condemned to death (and stripped of his properties and title) in absentia on 15 May 1661. In 1663, having ventured into France, he was discovered at Rouen, and with the consent of Louis XIV was brought to England and imprisoned in the Tower of London. In June he was taken to Edinburgh and confined in the Tolbooth, and was hanged on 22 July 1663.
John Swinton (1621?–1679)
Imprisoned
Swinton was condemned to forfeiture and imprisonment in Edinburgh Castle, where he remained for some years before being released.
John Home of Kelloe
Estates sequestrated
In 1661, Home had his estates sequestrated for being with the English Parliamentary army against King Charles II's army at the Battle of Worcester in 1651. After the Glorious Revolution of 1688 the estates were restored to his son George.

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