List of rebel groups that control territory
Updated: 11/6/2025, 1:14:12 AM Wikipedia source
This is a list of active rebel groups that control territory around the world whose domains may be subnational, transnational, or international. A "rebel group" is defined here as a polity that uses armed conflict in opposition to established government (or governments) for reasons such as to seek political change or to establish, maintain, or to gain independence. Groups that "control territory" are defined as any group that hold any populated or inhabited city, town, village, hamlet, or defined area that is under the direct administration or military control of the group. Such control may be contested and might be temporary or fluctuating, especially under the circumstance of conflict. It does not include the governments of stable breakaway states or other states with limited recognition.
Tables
Burkina Faso Mali Benin
Burkina Faso Mali Benin
Within state
Burkina Faso Mali Benin
Rebel group
JNIM
Conflict
Islamist insurgency in Burkina FasoMali War
Controlsince
2006
Territory controlled
Parts of Burkina Faso Parts of central and northern Mali
Leader
TBD
Headquarters
Tinzaouaten (Mali)
Somalia
Somalia
Within state
Somalia
Rebel group
Al-Shabaab
Conflict
Somali Civil War (2009–present)
Territory controlled
Large parts of southern and central Somalia where it proclaimed the Islamic Emirate of Somalia
Headquarters
Jilib (Somalia)
Puntland
Puntland
Within state
Puntland
Rebel group
2024
Conflict
Northeastern Somalia
Territory controlled
Said Abdullahi Deni
Notes
Garowe
Jubaland
Jubaland
Within state
Jubaland
Rebel group
Southern Somalia
Controlsince
Sheikh Ahmed Madobe
Territory controlled
Kismayo
Palestine
Palestine
Within state
Palestine
Rebel group
Hamas (Gaza Strip under Hamas)
Conflict
Fatah–Hamas conflict
Controlsince
2007
Territory controlled
Parts of the Gaza Strip
Leader
Hamas temporary committee
Headquarters
Gaza City
Popular Forces (Popular Forces administration in the Gaza Strip)
Popular Forces (Popular Forces administration in the Gaza Strip)
Within state
Popular Forces (Popular Forces administration in the Gaza Strip)
Rebel group
Popular Forces–Hamas conflict
Conflict
2024
Controlsince
Eastern Rafah Governorate aswell as parts of Khan Yunis
Territory controlled
Opposed to the Hamas government, backed by Israel
Notes
Yasser Abu Shabab
Leader
Al-Bayuk
Paraguay
Paraguay
Within state
Paraguay
Rebel group
Paraguayan People's Army
Conflict
Insurgency in Paraguay
Controlsince
2005
Territory controlled
Areas in Northeast Paraguay
Leader
Manuel Cristaldo Mieres
Magna Meza
Carmen Villalba
Headquarters
Horqueta
Peru
Peru
Within state
Peru
Rebel group
Communist Party of Peru – Red Mantaro Base Committee
Conflict
Internal conflict in Peru
Controlsince
2001
Territory controlled
Mantaro Valley
Notes
Remnants of the Shining Path a group that controlled Territory and operated as a parallel government until the 1990s
Leader
"Comrade Netzel López Lozano"
Headquarters
Mantaro Valley
Communist Party of Peru – Huallaga Regional Committee
Communist Party of Peru – Huallaga Regional Committee
Within state
Communist Party of Peru – Huallaga Regional Committee
Rebel group
2004
Conflict
Huallaga province
Controlsince
"Comrade Artemio"
Territory controlled
Huallaga province
Militarized Communist Party of Peru
Militarized Communist Party of Peru
Within state
Militarized Communist Party of Peru
Rebel group
1992
Conflict
Huanta province
Controlsince
"Comrade José"
Territory controlled
Huanta province
Philippines
Philippines
Within state
Philippines
Rebel group
New People's Army
Conflict
New People's Army rebellion
Controlsince
1969
Territory controlled
73-110 villages in the Countryside
Leader
Armando Liwanag
Headquarters
Unknown
Nigeria
Nigeria
Within state
Nigeria
Rebel group
Boko Haram (Territory of Boko Haram)
Conflict
Boko Haram insurgency
Controlsince
2009
Territory controlled
Parts of Borno, Kaduna, and Niger States
Notes
Relocated to Kaduna State after the Battle of Sambisa Forest
Leader
Abu Umaimata
Headquarters
Chikun
Burkina Faso Mali Mozambique Niger Nigeria Somalia
Burkina Faso Mali Mozambique Niger Nigeria Somalia
Within state
Burkina Faso Mali Mozambique Niger Nigeria Somalia
Rebel group
Islamic State
Conflict
Islamist insurgency in Burkina FasoMali WarInsurgency in Cabo DelgadoJihadist insurgency in NigerBoko Haram insurgencySomali Civil War
Controlsince
2015
Territory controlled
Parts of Burkina Faso Several villages in Gao Parts of Cabo Delgado Parts of southern Niger Parts of Borno State Several villages in Bari
Notes
Designated a terrorist organization by the United Nations
Leader
Abu Hafs al-Hashimi al-Qurashi
Headquarters
Unknown
Nigeria
Nigeria
Within state
Nigeria
Rebel group
Indigenous People of Biafra
Conflict
Insurgency in Southeastern Nigeria
Controlsince
2021
Territory controlled
Parts of the former Republic of Biafra[citation needed]
Leader
Nnamdi Kanu
Headquarters
Unknown
Cameroon
Cameroon
Within state
Cameroon
Rebel group
Biafra Nations League
Conflict
Bakassi conflict
Controlsince
Parts of the Bakassi Peninsula[citation needed]
Notes
Princewill Chimezie Richards, Henry Edet
Leader
Bakassi
Red Dragon
Red Dragon
Within state
Red Dragon
Rebel group
Anglophone Crisis
Conflict
2019
Controlsince
Several villages in Lebialem, Southwest Region
Territory controlled
Loyal to the Interim Government of Ambazonia
Notes
Lekeaka Oliver
Leader
Unknown
Central African Republic
Central African Republic
Within state
Central African Republic
Rebel group
Coalition of Patriots for Change
Conflict
Central African Republic Civil War
Controlsince
2020
Territory controlled
Parts of Central African Republic
Notes
Coalition of multiple groups including Anti-balaka, 3R, and MPC
Leader
François Bozizé
Headquarters
N'Djamena, Chad
Democratic Republic of the Congo
Democratic Republic of the Congo
Within state
Democratic Republic of the Congo
Rebel group
Mai-Mai
Conflict
Kivu conflict
Controlsince
2003
Territory controlled
Parts of northeastern DRC
Notes
Various groups
Leader
Various leaders
Headquarters
Depending on group
March 23 Movement
March 23 Movement
Within state
March 23 Movement
Rebel group
2012
Conflict
Parts of North Kivu and South Kivu provinces
Territory controlled
Bertrand Bisimwa
Nduma Defense of Congo-Renouveau
Nduma Defense of Congo-Renouveau
Within state
Nduma Defense of Congo-Renouveau
Rebel group
2015
Conflict
Parts of North Kivu province
Territory controlled
Shimiray Mwissa Guidon
Notes
Pinga
Zaïre-FPAC
Zaïre-FPAC
Within state
Zaïre-FPAC
Rebel group
2020
Conflict
Ituri Province
Territory controlled
Zawadi Vajeru
National Coalition of the People for the Sovereignty of Congo
National Coalition of the People for the Sovereignty of Congo
Within state
National Coalition of the People for the Sovereignty of Congo
Rebel group
2017
Conflict
South Kivu and Maniema
Territory controlled
William Yakutumba
CODECO
CODECO
Within state
CODECO
Rebel group
1999
Conflict
Ituri Province
Territory controlled
Ali Ngadjole Ngabu
Notes
Djugu territory
Mobondo
Mobondo
Within state
Mobondo
Rebel group
Western DR Congo clashes
Conflict
2022
Controlsince
Rural areas northeast of Kinshasa and in the surrounding provinces
Notes
Odon Nkimona Kumbu
Leader
Kwamouth
Ethiopia
Ethiopia
Within state
Ethiopia
Rebel group
Fano
Conflict
War in Amhara
Controlsince
2023
Territory controlled
Parts of the Amhara Region
Leader
Zemene Kassie
Myanmar
Myanmar
Within state
Myanmar
Rebel group
Kachin Independence Organization
Conflict
Myanmar conflict Myanmar civil war
Controlsince
1960s
Territory controlled
Parts of Kachin State
Notes
Kachin militant group
Leader
N'Ban La
Headquarters
Laiza
People's Defence Force
People's Defence Force
Within state
People's Defence Force
Rebel group
2021
Conflict
Parts of Sagaing Region
Controlsince
Burmese militant group, claim to be the legitimate government of Myanmar
Territory controlled
Duwa Lashi La
Myanmar National Democratic Alliance Army
Myanmar National Democratic Alliance Army
Within state
Myanmar National Democratic Alliance Army
Rebel group
1989
Conflict
Parts of northern Shan State
Controlsince
Kokang Chinese militant group
Territory controlled
Peng Daxun
Notes
Laukkai
Karenni IEC
Karenni IEC
Within state
Karenni IEC
Rebel group
2021
Conflict
Parts of Kayah State
Controlsince
Karenni militant group
Territory controlled
Khun Oo Reh
Chinland
Chinland
Within state
Chinland
Rebel group
Parts of northern Chin State
Conflict
Chin militant group (Northern)
Controlsince
Pu Zing Cung
Territory controlled
Camp Victoria
Karen National Union
Karen National Union
Within state
Karen National Union
Rebel group
1947
Conflict
Parts of Kayin State
Controlsince
Karen militant group
Territory controlled
Padoh Saw Kwe Htoo Win
Notes
Lay Wah
Palaung State Liberation Front
Palaung State Liberation Front
Within state
Palaung State Liberation Front
Rebel group
1992
Conflict
Parts of northern Shan State
Controlsince
Palaung militant group
Territory controlled
Tar Aik Bong Tar Bone Kyaw
Chin Brotherhood Alliance
Chin Brotherhood Alliance
Within state
Chin Brotherhood Alliance
Rebel group
2023
Conflict
Parts of southern Chin State
Controlsince
Chin militant group (Southern)
Arakan Army
Arakan Army
Within state
Arakan Army
Rebel group
2009
Conflict
Most of Rakhine State
Controlsince
Led by United League of Arakan
Territory controlled
Twan Mrat Naing
Wa State
Wa State
Within state
Wa State
Rebel group
1989
Conflict
Parts of northern and southern Shan State
Controlsince
De facto independent state
Territory controlled
Bao Youxiang
Notes
Pangkham
Shan State Progress Party
Shan State Progress Party
Within state
Shan State Progress Party
Rebel group
1971
Conflict
Parts of central Shan State
Controlsince
Shan militant group
Restoration Council for Shan State
Restoration Council for Shan State
Within state
Restoration Council for Shan State
Rebel group
1996
Conflict
Parts of southern Shan State
Controlsince
Yawd Serk
Territory controlled
Loi Tai Leng
Pa-O National Liberation Organization
Pa-O National Liberation Organization
Within state
Pa-O National Liberation Organization
Rebel group
2024
Conflict
Pa-O militant group (Eastern)
Controlsince
Khun Thurein Khun Kyaw Htin
Pa-O National Organisation
Pa-O National Organisation
Within state
Pa-O National Organisation
Rebel group
1949
Conflict
Pa-O militant group (Western)
Controlsince
Aung Kham Hti
Peace and Solidarity Committee
Peace and Solidarity Committee
Within state
Peace and Solidarity Committee
Rebel group
1989
Conflict
Parts of eastern Shan State
Controlsince
Shan militant group (Eastern)
Territory controlled
U Sai Leun
Karen National Army
Karen National Army
Within state
Karen National Army
Rebel group
2024
Conflict
Near Myawaddy, Kayin State
Controlsince
Karen militant group (Myawaddy)
Territory controlled
Saw Chit Thu
Notes
Shwe Kokko
Other small militant groups
Other small militant groups
Within state
Other small militant groups
Senegal
Senegal
Within state
Senegal
Rebel group
Movement of Democratic Forces of Casamance
Conflict
Casamance conflict
Controlsince
1982
Territory controlled
Parts of Casamance
Sudan
Sudan
Within state
Sudan
Rebel group
New Sudan
Conflict
Sudanese civil war (2023–present)
Controlsince
2023
Territory controlled
Parts of Southern Sudan
Leader
Abdelaziz al-Hilu
Headquarters
Kauda
Rapid Support Forces
Rapid Support Forces
Within state
Rapid Support Forces
Rebel group
Sudanese civil war (2023–present)
Conflict
2023
Controlsince
Territory across Sudan, mostly in the south and west.
Notes
Hemedti
Syria
Syria
Within state
Syria
Rebel group
Supreme Legal Committee in Suwayda
Conflict
Syrian civil war
Controlsince
2025
Territory controlled
Suwayda Governorate
Leader
Hikmat al-Hijri
Headquarters
Suwayda
Yemen
Yemen
Within state
Yemen
Rebel group
Southern Movement
Conflict
Yemeni civil war
Controlsince
2017
Territory controlled
Some of the territory in South Yemen
Notes
Maintains a tenuous peace with the Yemeni government
Leader
Aidarus al-Zoubaidi
Headquarters
Aden
Houthis
Houthis
Within state
Houthis
Rebel group
2004
Conflict
Most of former North Yemen, including Sana'a, and parts of South Yemen in what has been referred to as Houthi Yemen
Controlsince
Controls the Supreme Political Council, unrecognized by the international community
Territory controlled
Mahdi al-Mashat
Notes
Sa'dah
| Within state | Rebel group | Conflict | Controlsince | Territory controlled | Notes | Leader | Headquarters |
| Burkina Faso Mali Benin | JNIM | Islamist insurgency in Burkina FasoMali War | 2006 | Parts of Burkina Faso Parts of central and northern Mali | TBD | Tinzaouaten (Mali) | |
| Somalia | Al-Shabaab | Somali Civil War (2009–present) | Large parts of southern and central Somalia where it proclaimed the Islamic Emirate of Somalia | Jilib (Somalia) | |||
| Puntland | 2024 | Northeastern Somalia | Said Abdullahi Deni | Garowe | |||
| Jubaland | Southern Somalia | Sheikh Ahmed Madobe | Kismayo | ||||
| Palestine | Hamas (Gaza Strip under Hamas) | Fatah–Hamas conflict | 2007 | Parts of the Gaza Strip | Hamas temporary committee | Gaza City | |
| Popular Forces (Popular Forces administration in the Gaza Strip) | Popular Forces–Hamas conflict | 2024 | Eastern Rafah Governorate aswell as parts of Khan Yunis | Opposed to the Hamas government, backed by Israel | Yasser Abu Shabab | Al-Bayuk | |
| Paraguay | Paraguayan People's Army | Insurgency in Paraguay | 2005 | Areas in Northeast Paraguay | Manuel Cristaldo Mieres Magna Meza Carmen Villalba | Horqueta | |
| Peru | Communist Party of Peru – Red Mantaro Base Committee | Internal conflict in Peru | 2001 | Mantaro Valley | Remnants of the Shining Path a group that controlled Territory and operated as a parallel government until the 1990s | "Comrade Netzel López Lozano" | Mantaro Valley |
| Communist Party of Peru – Huallaga Regional Committee | 2004 | Huallaga province | "Comrade Artemio" | Huallaga province | |||
| Militarized Communist Party of Peru | 1992 | Huanta province | "Comrade José" | Huanta province | |||
| Philippines | New People's Army | New People's Army rebellion | 1969 | 73-110 villages in the Countryside | Armando Liwanag | Unknown | |
| Nigeria | Boko Haram (Territory of Boko Haram) | Boko Haram insurgency | 2009 | Parts of Borno, Kaduna, and Niger States | Relocated to Kaduna State after the Battle of Sambisa Forest | Abu Umaimata | Chikun |
| Burkina Faso Mali Mozambique Niger Nigeria Somalia | Islamic State | Islamist insurgency in Burkina FasoMali WarInsurgency in Cabo DelgadoJihadist insurgency in NigerBoko Haram insurgencySomali Civil War | 2015 | Parts of Burkina Faso Several villages in Gao Parts of Cabo Delgado Parts of southern Niger Parts of Borno State Several villages in Bari | Designated a terrorist organization by the United Nations | Abu Hafs al-Hashimi al-Qurashi | Unknown |
| Nigeria | Indigenous People of Biafra | Insurgency in Southeastern Nigeria | 2021 | Parts of the former Republic of Biafra[citation needed] | Nnamdi Kanu | Unknown | |
| Cameroon | Biafra Nations League | Bakassi conflict | Parts of the Bakassi Peninsula[citation needed] | Princewill Chimezie Richards, Henry Edet | Bakassi | ||
| Red Dragon | Anglophone Crisis | 2019 | Several villages in Lebialem, Southwest Region | Loyal to the Interim Government of Ambazonia | Lekeaka Oliver | Unknown | |
| Central African Republic | Coalition of Patriots for Change | Central African Republic Civil War | 2020 | Parts of Central African Republic | Coalition of multiple groups including Anti-balaka, 3R, and MPC | François Bozizé | N'Djamena, Chad |
| Democratic Republic of the Congo | Mai-Mai | Kivu conflict | 2003 | Parts of northeastern DRC | Various groups | Various leaders | Depending on group |
| March 23 Movement | 2012 | Parts of North Kivu and South Kivu provinces | Bertrand Bisimwa | ||||
| Nduma Defense of Congo-Renouveau | 2015 | Parts of North Kivu province | Shimiray Mwissa Guidon | Pinga | |||
| Zaïre-FPAC | 2020 | Ituri Province | Zawadi Vajeru | ||||
| National Coalition of the People for the Sovereignty of Congo | 2017 | South Kivu and Maniema | William Yakutumba | ||||
| CODECO | 1999 | Ituri Province | Ali Ngadjole Ngabu | Djugu territory | |||
| Mobondo | Western DR Congo clashes | 2022 | Rural areas northeast of Kinshasa and in the surrounding provinces | Odon Nkimona Kumbu | Kwamouth | ||
| Ethiopia | Fano | War in Amhara | 2023 | Parts of the Amhara Region | Zemene Kassie | ||
| Myanmar | Kachin Independence Organization | Myanmar conflict Myanmar civil war | 1960s | Parts of Kachin State | Kachin militant group | N'Ban La | Laiza |
| People's Defence Force | 2021 | Parts of Sagaing Region | Burmese militant group, claim to be the legitimate government of Myanmar | Duwa Lashi La | |||
| Myanmar National Democratic Alliance Army | 1989 | Parts of northern Shan State | Kokang Chinese militant group | Peng Daxun | Laukkai | ||
| Karenni IEC | 2021 | Parts of Kayah State | Karenni militant group | Khun Oo Reh | |||
| Chinland | Parts of northern Chin State | Chin militant group (Northern) | Pu Zing Cung | Camp Victoria | |||
| Karen National Union | 1947 | Parts of Kayin State | Karen militant group | Padoh Saw Kwe Htoo Win | Lay Wah | ||
| Palaung State Liberation Front | 1992 | Parts of northern Shan State | Palaung militant group | Tar Aik Bong Tar Bone Kyaw | |||
| Chin Brotherhood Alliance | 2023 | Parts of southern Chin State | Chin militant group (Southern) | ||||
| Arakan Army | 2009 | Most of Rakhine State | Led by United League of Arakan | Twan Mrat Naing | |||
| Wa State | 1989 | Parts of northern and southern Shan State | De facto independent state | Bao Youxiang | Pangkham | ||
| Shan State Progress Party | 1971 | Parts of central Shan State | Shan militant group | ||||
| Restoration Council for Shan State | 1996 | Parts of southern Shan State | Yawd Serk | Loi Tai Leng | |||
| Pa-O National Liberation Organization | 2024 | Pa-O militant group (Eastern) | Khun Thurein Khun Kyaw Htin | ||||
| Pa-O National Organisation | 1949 | Pa-O militant group (Western) | Aung Kham Hti | ||||
| Peace and Solidarity Committee | 1989 | Parts of eastern Shan State | Shan militant group (Eastern) | U Sai Leun | |||
| Karen National Army | 2024 | Near Myawaddy, Kayin State | Karen militant group (Myawaddy) | Saw Chit Thu | Shwe Kokko | ||
| Other small militant groups | |||||||
| Senegal | Movement of Democratic Forces of Casamance | Casamance conflict | 1982 | Parts of Casamance | |||
| Sudan | New Sudan | Sudanese civil war (2023–present) | 2023 | Parts of Southern Sudan | Abdelaziz al-Hilu | Kauda | |
| Rapid Support Forces | Sudanese civil war (2023–present) | 2023 | Territory across Sudan, mostly in the south and west. | Hemedti | |||
| Syria | Supreme Legal Committee in Suwayda | Syrian civil war | 2025 | Suwayda Governorate | Hikmat al-Hijri | Suwayda | |
| Yemen | Southern Movement | Yemeni civil war | 2017 | Some of the territory in South Yemen | Maintains a tenuous peace with the Yemeni government | Aidarus al-Zoubaidi | Aden |
| Houthis | 2004 | Most of former North Yemen, including Sana'a, and parts of South Yemen in what has been referred to as Houthi Yemen | Controls the Supreme Political Council, unrecognized by the international community | Mahdi al-Mashat | Sa'dah |
References
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- "Letter dated 1 November 2019 from the Chair of the Security Council Committee pursuant to resolution 751 (1992) concerning Somalia addressed to the President of the Security Council"https://www.securitycouncilreport.org/atf/cf/%7B65BFCF9B-6D27-4E9C-8CD3-CF6E4FF96FF9%7D/S_2019_858_E.pdf
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