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Indian Railways operates India's railway system and comes under the purview of the Ministry of Railways of the Government of India. As of 2025, it maintains over 148,706 km (92,402 mi) of tracks and operates over 13,000 trains daily.
| Span | Accidents | Train kms (million) | Accidents per million kms | |||||
| Collisions | Derailments | Level crossing | Fire | Others | Total | |||
| 1961–1970 | 834 | 10,664 | 1,394 | 1,037 | 0 | 13,929 | 4,339 | 3.21 |
| 1971–1980 | 588 | 6,763 | 1,120 | 185 | 0 | 8,665 | 4,810 | 1.80 |
| 1981–1990 | 475 | 6,242 | 677 | 176 | 0 | 7,570 | 5,598 | 1.35 |
| 1991–2000 | 340 | 3,583 | 632 | 77 | 0 | 4,642 | 6,559 | 0.70 |
| 2001–2010 | 135 | 1,680 | 803 | 93 | 52 | 2,763 | 8,333 | 0.33 |
| 2011–2019 | 43 | 567 | 352 | 54 | 16 | 1,023 | 10,134 | 0.10 |
| Date | Train(s) | Location | Fatalities | Cause |
| 20 August 1995 | Kalindi Express Purushottam Express | Firozabad, Uttar Pradesh | 358 | Track obstruction by a nilgai, followed by a rear-end collision. |
| 2 June 2023 | Coromandel Express Howrah-SMVT Bengaluru Express A goods train | Near Bahanaga Bazar, Balasore, Odisha | 350 | Collision and derailment due to signalling error |
| 2 August 1999 | Avadh Assam Express Brahmaputra Mail | Gaisal, West Bengal | 285 | Collision due to signalling error |
| 6 June 1981 | Mansi-Saharsa Passenger | Over Bagmati River near Mansi, Bihar | 235 | Derailment over a bridge, possibly due to a tropical cyclone |
| 26 November 1998 | Frontier Mail Jammu Tawi-Sealdah Express | Khanna, Punjab | 212 | Derailment and collision due to damaged rail |
| 23 December 1964 | Pamban-Dhanushkodi Passenger | Dhanushkodi, Tamil Nadu | 200+ | Storm surge due to a tropical cyclone |
| 20 November 2016 | Indore–Patna Express | Near Pukhrayan, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh | 150 | Derailment due to fractured rail |
| 28 May 2010 | Jnaneswari Express A Goods train | Near Jhargram, West Bengal | 148+ | Possible sabotage by Naxalites |
| 10 September 2002 | Howrah Rajdhani Express | Over Dhave river near Rafiganj, Bihar | 130+ | Sabotage by Naxalites |