| No. | Portrait | Name (born-died) | Term of office | Political party | Elected (Knesset) | Government |
| Took office | Left office | Time in office | No. | Composition |
| 1 | | David Ben-Gurion (1886–1973) | 14 May 1948 | 10 March 1949 | 5 years, 207 days | | Mapai | — | Prov. | Mapai • Mapam • HHaM • New Aliyah • S&O • Mizrachi • Gen • Aguda |
| 10 March 1949 | 1 November 1950 | 1949 (1st) | 1st | Mapai • URF • Progressives • S&O • DLN |
| 1 November 1950 | 8 October 1951 | 2nd |
| 8 October 1951 | 24 December 1952 | 1951 (2nd) | 3rd | Mapai • Mizrachi • HHaM-Aguda-PAY • DLIA-P&W-A&D |
| 24 December 1952 | 7 December 1953 | 4th | Mapai • Gen • Progressive • Mizrachi • HHaM • DLIA-P&W-A&D |
| – | | Moshe Sharett (1894–1965) | 7 December 1953 | 26 January 1954 | 50 days | | Mapai |
| 2 | 26 January 1954 | 29 June 1955 | 1 year, 281 days | 5th |
| 29 June 1955 | 3 November 1955 | 6th | Mapai • Mizrachi • HHaM • DLIA-P&W-A&D |
| (1) | | David Ben-Gurion (1886–1973) | 3 November 1955 | 7 January 1958 | 7 years, 235 days | | Mapai | 1955 (3rd) | 7th | Mapai • NRP • Mapam • AHaA • Progressives • DLIA-P&W-A&D • P&D-C&B |
| 7 January 1958 | 17 December 1959 | 8th |
| 17 December 1959 | 2 November 1961 | 1959 (4th) | 9th |
| 2 November 1961 | 26 June 1963 | 1961 (5th) | 10th | Mapai • NRP • AHaA • PAY • P&D-C&B |
| 3 | | Levi Eshkol (1895–1969) | 26 June 1963 | 22 December 1964 | 5 years, 245 days | | Mapai | 11th |
| 22 December 1964 | 12 January 1966 | 12th |
| 12 January 1966 | 26 February 1969 | | Alignment Mapai/Labor | 1965 (6th) | 13th | Alignment • NRP • Mapam • Indep • PAY • P&D-C&B • Gahal • Rafi |
| — | | Yigal Allon (1918–1980) Interim | 26 February 1969 | 17 March 1969 | 19 days | | Alignment Labor |
| 4 | | Golda Meir (1898–1978) | 17 March 1969 | 15 December 1969 | 5 years, 78 days | | Alignment Labor | 14th |
| 15 December 1969 | 10 March 1974 | 1969 (7th) | 15th | Alignment • Gahal • NRP • Indep • P&D-C&B |
| 10 March 1974 | 3 June 1974 | 1973 (8th) | 16th | Alignment • NRP • Indep |
| 5 | | Yitzhak Rabin (1922–1995) | 3 June 1974 | 21 June 1977 | 3 years, 17 days | | Alignment Labor | 17th | Alignment • Indep • Ratz • NRP |
| 6 | | Menachem Begin (1913–1992) | 21 June 1977 | 5 August 1981 | 6 years, 112 days | | Herut Likud | 1977 (9th) | 18th | Likud • NRP • Aguda • Dash |
| 5 August 1981 | 10 October 1983 | 1981 (10th) | 19th | Likud • NRP • Aguda • Tami • Telem/MRSZ • Tehiya |
| 7 | | Yitzhak Shamir (1915–2012) | 10 October 1983 | 13 September 1984 | 339 days | | Herut Likud | 20th |
| 8 | | Shimon Peres (1923–2016) | 13 September 1984 | 20 October 1986 | 2 years, 37 days | | Alignment Labor | 1984 (11th) | 21st | Alignment • Likud • NRP • Aguda • Shas • Morasha • Shinui • Ometz |
| (7) | | Yitzhak Shamir (1915–2012) | 20 October 1986 | 22 December 1988 | 5 years, 267 days | | Herut Likud | 22nd |
| 22 December 1988 | 11 June 1990 | | Likud | 1988 (12th) | 23rd | Likud • Alignment • NRP • Shas • Aguda • Degel HaTorah |
| 11 June 1990 | 13 July 1992 | 24th | Likud • NRP • Shas • Aguda • Degel HaTorah • New Liberal • Tehiya • Tzomet • Moledet • UPI • Geula |
| (5) | | Yitzhak Rabin (1922–1995) | 13 July 1992 | 4 November 1995 | 3 years, 114 days | | Labor | 1992 (13th) | 25th | Labor • Meretz • Shas • Yiud |
| — | | Shimon Peres (1923–2016) | 4 November 1995 | 22 November 1995 | 18 days | | Labor | 26th |
| (8) | 22 November 1995 | 18 June 1996 | 209 days |
| 9 | | Benjamin Netanyahu (born 1949) | 18 June 1996 | 6 July 1999 | 3 years, 18 days | | Likud | 1996 (14th) | 27th | Likud-Gesher-Tzomet • Shas • NRP • BaAliyah • UTJ • Third Way |
| 10 | | Ehud Barak (born 1942) | 6 July 1999 | 7 March 2001 | 1 year, 244 days | | One Israel Labor | 1999 | (15th) | 28th | One Israel • Shas • Meretz • BaAliyah • Centre • NRP • UTJ |
| 11 | | Ariel Sharon (1928–2014) | 7 March 2001 | 28 February 2003 | 4 years, 303 days | | Likud | 2001 | 29th | Likud • Labor-Meimad • Shas • Centre • NRP • UTJ • BaAliyah • NU-Beiteinu • New Way • Gesher |
| 28 February 2003 | 21 November 2005 | 2003 (16th) | 30th | Likud • Shinui • NU • NRP • Labor-Meimad • Aguda |
| 21 November 2005 | (4 January 2006) 14 April 2006 | | Kadima | Kadima • Likud • Aguda |
| — | | Ehud Olmert (born 1945) | 4 January 2006 | 14 April 2006 | 120 days | | Kadima |
| 14 April 2006 | 4 May 2006 |
| 12 | 4 May 2006 | 31 March 2009 | 2 years, 331 days | 2006 (17th) | 31st | Kadima • Labor • Shas • Gil • Beiteinu |
| (9) | | Benjamin Netanyahu (born 1949) | 31 March 2009 | 18 March 2013 | 10 years, 9 days | | Likud | 2009 (18th) | 32nd | Likud • Beiteinu • Shas • Labor/Indep. • Jewish Home • UTJ |
| 18 March 2013 | 6 May 2015 | 2013 (19th) | 33rd | Likud • Yesh Atid • The Jewish Home • Yisrael Beiteinu • Hatnuah |
| 6 May 2015 | 9 April 2019 | 2015 (20th) | 34th | Likud • Kulanu • The Jewish Home • Shas • UTJ • Yisrael Beiteinu |
| — | 9 April 2019 | 17 May 2020 | 1 year, 38 days | Apr. 2019 (21st) |
| Sep. 2019 (22nd) |
| (9) | 17 May 2020 | 13 June 2021 | 1 year, 27 days | 2020 (23rd) | 35th | Likud • Blue and White • Shas • UTJ • Labor • Derekh Eretz • Gesher • The Jewish Home |
| 13 | | Naftali Bennett (born 1972) | 13 June 2021 | 30 June 2022 | 1 year, 17 days | | Yamina | 2021 (24th) | 36th | Yesh Atid • Blue and White • Yamina • Labor • Yisrael Beiteinu • New Hope • Meretz • United Arab List |
| 14 | | Yair Lapid (born 1963) | 1 July 2022 | 29 December 2022 | 181 days | | Yesh Atid |
| (9) | | Benjamin Netanyahu (born 1949) | 29 December 2022 | Incumbent | 3 years, 142 days | | Likud | 2022 (25th) | 37th | Likud • Shas • UTJ • Religious Zionism • Otzma Yehudit • Noam • National Unity • New Hope |