List of presidents of Syria
Updated: Wikipedia source
This is a list of presidents of Syria since 1922.
Tables
· List of officeholders › Syria (1922–1958)
Time in office
Time in office
No.
Took office
Name(Birth–Death)
Time in office
Subhi Bey Barakatصبحي بك بركات(1889–1939)
Subhi Bey Barakatصبحي بك بركات(1889–1939)
No.
1
Name(Birth–Death)
Subhi Bey Barakatصبحي بك بركات(1889–1939)
Elected
—
Term of office
29 June 1922
Term of office
1 January 1925
Term of office
2 years, 185 days
Political party
Independent
Subhi Bey Barakatصبحي بك بركات(1889–1939)
Subhi Bey Barakatصبحي بك بركات(1889–1939)
No.
(1)
Name(Birth–Death)
Subhi Bey Barakatصبحي بك بركات(1889–1939)
Elected
—
Term of office
1 January 1925
Term of office
21 December 1925
Term of office
354 days
Political party
Independent
François Pierre-Alypeفرانسوا بيير أليب(1886–1956)
François Pierre-Alypeفرانسوا بيير أليب(1886–1956)
No.
—
Name(Birth–Death)
François Pierre-Alypeفرانسوا بيير أليب(1886–1956)
Elected
—
Term of office
9 February 1926
Term of office
28 April 1926
Term of office
78 days
Political party
Independent
Note(s)
Acting President as Envoy Extraordinary of the High Commissioner.
Ahmad Namiأحمد نامي(1873–1962)
Ahmad Namiأحمد نامي(1873–1962)
No.
2
Name(Birth–Death)
Ahmad Namiأحمد نامي(1873–1962)
Elected
—
Term of office
28 April 1926
Term of office
15 February 1928
Term of office
1 year, 293 days
Political party
Independent
Taj al-Din al-Hasaniتاج الدين الحسني(1885–1943)
Taj al-Din al-Hasaniتاج الدين الحسني(1885–1943)
No.
—
Name(Birth–Death)
Taj al-Din al-Hasaniتاج الدين الحسني(1885–1943)
Elected
—
Term of office
15 February 1928
Term of office
14 May 1930
Term of office
2 years, 88 days
Political party
Independent
Taj al-Din al-Hasaniتاج الدين الحسني(1885–1943)
Taj al-Din al-Hasaniتاج الدين الحسني(1885–1943)
No.
—
Name(Birth–Death)
Taj al-Din al-Hasaniتاج الدين الحسني(1885–1943)
Elected
—
Term of office
14 May 1930
Term of office
19 November 1931
Term of office
1 year, 189 days
Political party
Independent
Léon Solomiacليون سولومياك(1873–1960)
Léon Solomiacليون سولومياك(1873–1960)
No.
—
Name(Birth–Death)
Léon Solomiacليون سولومياك(1873–1960)
Elected
—
Term of office
19 November 1931
Term of office
11 June 1932
Term of office
205 days
Political party
Independent
Note(s)
Acting President as High Commissioner.
Muhammad Ali Bey al-Abidمحمد علي بك العابد(1867–1939)
Muhammad Ali Bey al-Abidمحمد علي بك العابد(1867–1939)
No.
3
Name(Birth–Death)
Muhammad Ali Bey al-Abidمحمد علي بك العابد(1867–1939)
Elected
1932
Term of office
11 June 1932
Term of office
21 December 1936
Term of office
4 years, 193 days
Political party
Independent
Hashim al-Atassiهاشم الأتاسي(1875–1960)
Hashim al-Atassiهاشم الأتاسي(1875–1960)
No.
4
Name(Birth–Death)
Hashim al-Atassiهاشم الأتاسي(1875–1960)
Elected
1936
Term of office
21 December 1936
Term of office
7 July 1939
Term of office
2 years, 198 days
Political party
National Bloc
Bahij al-Khatibبهيج الخطيب(1895–1981)
Bahij al-Khatibبهيج الخطيب(1895–1981)
No.
5
Name(Birth–Death)
Bahij al-Khatibبهيج الخطيب(1895–1981)
Elected
—
Term of office
8 July 1939
Term of office
4 April 1941
Term of office
1 year, 270 days
Political party
Independent
Khalid al-Azmخالد العظم(1903–1965)
Khalid al-Azmخالد العظم(1903–1965)
No.
—
Name(Birth–Death)
Khalid al-Azmخالد العظم(1903–1965)
Elected
—
Term of office
4 April 1941
Term of office
16 September 1941
Term of office
165 days
Political party
Independent
Taj al-Din al-Hasaniتاج الدين الحسني(1885–1943)
Taj al-Din al-Hasaniتاج الدين الحسني(1885–1943)
No.
6
Name(Birth–Death)
Taj al-Din al-Hasaniتاج الدين الحسني(1885–1943)
Elected
—
Term of office
16 September 1941
Term of office
17 January 1943
Term of office
1 year, 123 days
Political party
Independent
Note(s)
Hasani died in office.
Jamil al-Ulshiجميل الألشي(1883–1951)
Jamil al-Ulshiجميل الألشي(1883–1951)
No.
—
Name(Birth–Death)
Jamil al-Ulshiجميل الألشي(1883–1951)
Elected
—
Term of office
17 January 1943
Term of office
25 March 1943
Term of office
67 days
Political party
Independent
Ata Bey al-Ayyubiعطا الأيوبي(1877–1951)
Ata Bey al-Ayyubiعطا الأيوبي(1877–1951)
No.
7
Name(Birth–Death)
Ata Bey al-Ayyubiعطا الأيوبي(1877–1951)
Elected
—
Term of office
25 March 1943
Term of office
17 August 1943
Term of office
145 days
Political party
Independent
Shukri al-Quwatliشكري القوّتلي(1891–1967)
Shukri al-Quwatliشكري القوّتلي(1891–1967)
No.
8
Name(Birth–Death)
Shukri al-Quwatliشكري القوّتلي(1891–1967)
Elected
1943
Term of office
17 August 1943
Term of office
17 April 1946
Term of office
2 years, 68 days
Political party
National Bloc
Shukri al-Quwatliشكري القوّتلي(1891–1967)
Shukri al-Quwatliشكري القوّتلي(1891–1967)
No.
(8)
Name(Birth–Death)
Shukri al-Quwatliشكري القوّتلي(1891–1967)
Elected
1948
Term of office
17 April 1946
Term of office
30 March 1949
Term of office
3 years, 157 days
Political party
National Bloc
Note(s)
Quwatli was ousted from power in the March 1949 coup d'état by Husni al-Za'im, his chief of staff.
Husni al-Za'imحسني الزعيم(1897–1949)
Husni al-Za'imحسني الزعيم(1897–1949)
No.
9
Name(Birth–Death)
Husni al-Za'imحسني الزعيم(1897–1949)
Elected
1949 (Jun.)
Term of office
26 June 1949
Term of office
14 August 1949
Term of office
49 days
Political party
Independent(SSNP–affiliated)
Note(s)
Za'im was from 30 March 1949 – 26 June 1949 de facto leader as Commander-in-Chief of the Army and Armed Forces. He was overthrown in the August 1949 coup d'état led by Adib Shishakli, and was later executed on the orders of the new government.
Sami al-Hinnawiسامي الحناوي(1898–1950)
Sami al-Hinnawiسامي الحناوي(1898–1950)
No.
—
Name(Birth–Death)
Sami al-Hinnawiسامي الحناوي(1898–1950)
Elected
—
Term of office
14 August 1949
Term of office
15 August 1949
Term of office
1 day
Political party
Military(SSNP)
Note(s)
Acting President as Commander-in-Chief of the Army and Armed Forces.
Hashim al-Atassiهاشم الأتاسي(1875–1960)
Hashim al-Atassiهاشم الأتاسي(1875–1960)
No.
(4)
Name(Birth–Death)
Hashim al-Atassiهاشم الأتاسي(1875–1960)
Elected
1949 (Dec.)
Term of office
19 December 1949
Term of office
5 September 1950
Term of office
260 days
Political party
People's Party
Note(s)
Head of State. During this period, Hinnawi served as the country's de facto leader (as Chairman of the Supreme Council of War) until his overthrow in the December 1949 coup d'état, led by Shishakli, who then became de facto leader as head of the Council of Colonels (later the Supreme Military Council).
Hashim al-Atassiهاشم الأتاسي(1875–1960)
Hashim al-Atassiهاشم الأتاسي(1875–1960)
No.
(4)
Name(Birth–Death)
Hashim al-Atassiهاشم الأتاسي(1875–1960)
Elected
1950
Term of office
5 September 1950
Term of office
2 December 1951
Term of office
1 year, 88 days
Political party
People's Party
Note(s)
Atassi resigned in the aftermath of the 1951 coup d'état.
Adib Shishakliأديب الشيشكلي(1909–1964)
Adib Shishakliأديب الشيشكلي(1909–1964)
No.
—
Name(Birth–Death)
Adib Shishakliأديب الشيشكلي(1909–1964)
Elected
—
Term of office
2 December 1951
Term of office
3 December 1951
Term of office
1 day
Political party
Syrian Social Nationalist Party
Note(s)
Acting President as Chief of the General Staff and head of the Supreme Military Council.
Fawzi Seluفوزي سلو(1905–1972)
Fawzi Seluفوزي سلو(1905–1972)
No.
10
Name(Birth–Death)
Fawzi Seluفوزي سلو(1905–1972)
Elected
—
Term of office
3 December 1951
Term of office
11 July 1953
Term of office
1 year, 220 days
Political party
Military(ALM–affiliated)
Note(s)
After the coup the Army Command Council announced that it was collectively assuming responsibility for government, entrusted Selu with all executive and legislative powers, and dissolved the parliament. Shishakli assumed supreme command in the country and took the office of deputy chief of staff.
Adib Shishakliأديب الشيشكلي(1909–1964)
Adib Shishakliأديب الشيشكلي(1909–1964)
No.
11
Name(Birth–Death)
Adib Shishakliأديب الشيشكلي(1909–1964)
Elected
1953
Term of office
11 July 1953
Term of office
25 February 1954
Term of office
229 days
Political party
Arab Liberation Movement
Note(s)
Shishakli resigned from office in the evening of 26 February 1954, amidst a coup d'état. He fled the country, claiming that he did not want Syria to fall into a civil war.
Maamun al-Kuzbariمأمون الكزبري(1914–1998)
Maamun al-Kuzbariمأمون الكزبري(1914–1998)
No.
—
Name(Birth–Death)
Maamun al-Kuzbariمأمون الكزبري(1914–1998)
Elected
—
Term of office
25 February 1954
Term of office
28 February 1954
Term of office
3 days
Political party
Arab Liberation Movement
Hashim al-Atassiهاشم الأتاسي(1875–1960)
Hashim al-Atassiهاشم الأتاسي(1875–1960)
No.
(4)
Name(Birth–Death)
Hashim al-Atassiهاشم الأتاسي(1875–1960)
Elected
—
Term of office
28 February 1954
Term of office
6 September 1955
Term of office
1 year, 190 days
Political party
People's Party
Shukri al-Quwatliشكري القوّتلي(1891–1967)
Shukri al-Quwatliشكري القوّتلي(1891–1967)
No.
(8)
Name(Birth–Death)
Shukri al-Quwatliشكري القوّتلي(1891–1967)
Elected
1955
Term of office
6 September 1955
Term of office
22 February 1958
Term of office
2 years, 169 days
Political party
National Party
| No. | Portrait | Name(Birth–Death) | Elected | Term of office | Political party | Note(s) | |||
| Took office | Left office | Time in office | |||||||
| French mandate (1922–1930) | |||||||||
| Syrian Federation (1922–1925) | |||||||||
| Position not established (28 June 1922 – 29 June 1922) | |||||||||
| 1 | | Subhi Bey Barakatصبحي بك بركات(1889–1939) | — | 29 June 1922 | 1 January 1925 | 2 years, 185 days | Independent | ||
| State of Syria (1925–1930) | |||||||||
| (1) | | Subhi Bey Barakatصبحي بك بركات(1889–1939) | — | 1 January 1925 | 21 December 1925 | 354 days | Independent | ||
| Vacant (21 December 1925 – 9 February 1926) | |||||||||
| — | | François Pierre-Alypeفرانسوا بيير أليب(1886–1956) | — | 9 February 1926 | 28 April 1926 | 78 days | Independent | Acting President as Envoy Extraordinary of the High Commissioner. | |
| 2 | | Ahmad Namiأحمد نامي(1873–1962) | — | 28 April 1926 | 15 February 1928 | 1 year, 293 days | Independent | ||
| — | | Taj al-Din al-Hasaniتاج الدين الحسني(1885–1943) | — | 15 February 1928 | 14 May 1930 | 2 years, 88 days | Independent | ||
| First Syrian Republic (1930–1950) | |||||||||
| Mandatory Syrian Republic (1930–1946) | |||||||||
| — | | Taj al-Din al-Hasaniتاج الدين الحسني(1885–1943) | — | 14 May 1930 | 19 November 1931 | 1 year, 189 days | Independent | ||
| — | Léon Solomiacليون سولومياك(1873–1960) | — | 19 November 1931 | 11 June 1932 | 205 days | Independent | Acting President as High Commissioner. | ||
| 3 | | Muhammad Ali Bey al-Abidمحمد علي بك العابد(1867–1939) | 1932 | 11 June 1932 | 21 December 1936 | 4 years, 193 days | Independent | ||
| 4 | | Hashim al-Atassiهاشم الأتاسي(1875–1960) | 1936 | 21 December 1936 | 7 July 1939 | 2 years, 198 days | National Bloc | ||
| 5 | | Bahij al-Khatibبهيج الخطيب(1895–1981) | — | 8 July 1939 | 4 April 1941 | 1 year, 270 days | Independent | ||
| — | | Khalid al-Azmخالد العظم(1903–1965) | — | 4 April 1941 | 16 September 1941 | 165 days | Independent | ||
| 6 | | Taj al-Din al-Hasaniتاج الدين الحسني(1885–1943) | — | 16 September 1941 | 17 January 1943 | 1 year, 123 days | Independent | Hasani died in office. | |
| — | | Jamil al-Ulshiجميل الألشي(1883–1951) | — | 17 January 1943 | 25 March 1943 | 67 days | Independent | ||
| 7 | | Ata Bey al-Ayyubiعطا الأيوبي(1877–1951) | — | 25 March 1943 | 17 August 1943 | 145 days | Independent | ||
| 8 | | Shukri al-Quwatliشكري القوّتلي(1891–1967) | 1943 | 17 August 1943 | 17 April 1946 | 2 years, 68 days | National Bloc | ||
| Independent First Syrian Republic (1946–1950) | |||||||||
| (8) | | Shukri al-Quwatliشكري القوّتلي(1891–1967) | 1948 | 17 April 1946 | 30 March 1949 | 3 years, 157 days | National Bloc | Quwatli was ousted from power in the March 1949 coup d'état by Husni al-Za'im, his chief of staff. | |
| National Party | |||||||||
| Vacant (30 March 1949 – 26 June 1949) | |||||||||
| 9 | | Husni al-Za'imحسني الزعيم(1897–1949) | 1949 (Jun.) | 26 June 1949 | 14 August 1949 | 49 days | Independent(SSNP–affiliated) | Za'im was from 30 March 1949 – 26 June 1949 de facto leader as Commander-in-Chief of the Army and Armed Forces. He was overthrown in the August 1949 coup d'état led by Adib Shishakli, and was later executed on the orders of the new government. | |
| — | | Sami al-Hinnawiسامي الحناوي(1898–1950) | — | 14 August 1949 | 15 August 1949 | 1 day | Military(SSNP) | Acting President as Commander-in-Chief of the Army and Armed Forces. | |
| Vacant (15 August 1949 – 19 December 1949) | |||||||||
| (4) | | Hashim al-Atassiهاشم الأتاسي(1875–1960) | 1949 (Dec.) | 19 December 1949 | 5 September 1950 | 260 days | People's Party | Head of State. During this period, Hinnawi served as the country's de facto leader (as Chairman of the Supreme Council of War) until his overthrow in the December 1949 coup d'état, led by Shishakli, who then became de facto leader as head of the Council of Colonels (later the Supreme Military Council). | |
| Second Syrian Republic (1950–1958) | |||||||||
| (4) | | Hashim al-Atassiهاشم الأتاسي(1875–1960) | 1950 | 5 September 1950 | 2 December 1951 | 1 year, 88 days | People's Party | Atassi resigned in the aftermath of the 1951 coup d'état. | |
| — | | Adib Shishakliأديب الشيشكلي(1909–1964) | — | 2 December 1951 | 3 December 1951 | 1 day | Syrian Social Nationalist Party | Acting President as Chief of the General Staff and head of the Supreme Military Council. | |
| 10 | | Fawzi Seluفوزي سلو(1905–1972) | — | 3 December 1951 | 11 July 1953 | 1 year, 220 days | Military(ALM–affiliated) | After the coup the Army Command Council announced that it was collectively assuming responsibility for government, entrusted Selu with all executive and legislative powers, and dissolved the parliament. Shishakli assumed supreme command in the country and took the office of deputy chief of staff. | |
| 11 | | Adib Shishakliأديب الشيشكلي(1909–1964) | 1953 | 11 July 1953 | 25 February 1954 | 229 days | Arab Liberation Movement | Shishakli resigned from office in the evening of 26 February 1954, amidst a coup d'état. He fled the country, claiming that he did not want Syria to fall into a civil war. | |
| — | | Maamun al-Kuzbariمأمون الكزبري(1914–1998) | — | 25 February 1954 | 28 February 1954 | 3 days | Arab Liberation Movement | ||
| (4) | | Hashim al-Atassiهاشم الأتاسي(1875–1960) | — | 28 February 1954 | 6 September 1955 | 1 year, 190 days | People's Party | ||
| (8) | | Shukri al-Quwatliشكري القوّتلي(1891–1967) | 1955 | 6 September 1955 | 22 February 1958 | 2 years, 169 days | National Party | ||
· List of officeholders › United Arab Republic (1958–1961)
Time in office
Time in office
No.
Took office
Name(Birth–Death)
Time in office
Gamal Abdel Nasserجمال عبد الناصر(1918–1970)
Gamal Abdel Nasserجمال عبد الناصر(1918–1970)
No.
12
Name(Birth–Death)
Gamal Abdel Nasserجمال عبد الناصر(1918–1970)
Elected
1958
Term of office
22 February 1958
Term of office
28 September 1961
Term of office
3 years, 218 days
Political party
National Union
| No. | Portrait | Name(Birth–Death) | Elected | Term of office | Political party | |||
| Took office | Left office | Time in office | ||||||
| 12 | | Gamal Abdel Nasserجمال عبد الناصر(1918–1970) | 1958 | 22 February 1958 | 28 September 1961 | 3 years, 218 days | National Union | |
· List of officeholders › Syria (1961–present)
Time in office
Time in office
No.
Took office
Name(Birth–Death)
Time in office
Nazim al-Qudsiناظم القدسي(1906–1998)
Nazim al-Qudsiناظم القدسي(1906–1998)
No.
13
Name(Birth–Death)
Nazim al-Qudsiناظم القدسي(1906–1998)
Elected
1961
Term of office
14 December 1961
Term of office
8 March 1963
Term of office
1 year, 84 days
Political party
People's Party
Note(s)
The 1963 coup d'état, an event known as the March 8 Revolution, toppled Qudsi and brought the National Council for the Revolutionary Command (NCRC) to government, although real power lay with the Ba'athist Military Committee, which organized the coup.
Lu'ay al-Atassiلؤي الأتاسي(1926–2003)
Lu'ay al-Atassiلؤي الأتاسي(1926–2003)
No.
14
Name(Birth–Death)
Lu'ay al-Atassiلؤي الأتاسي(1926–2003)
Elected
—
Term of office
9 March 1963
Term of office
27 July 1963
Term of office
140 days
Political party
Independent
Note(s)
Atassi was appointed president by the NCRC because he posed no threat to the Military Committee's power. He resigned after high-ranking non-Ba'athist officers were purged.
Amin al-Hafizأمين الحافظ(1921–2009)
Amin al-Hafizأمين الحافظ(1921–2009)
No.
15
Name(Birth–Death)
Amin al-Hafizأمين الحافظ(1921–2009)
Elected
—
Term of office
27 July 1963
Term of office
23 February 1966
Term of office
2 years, 211 days
Political party
Ba'ath Party(Syria Region)
Note(s)
Hafiz was overthrown by the Military Committee because of his support for Michel Aflaq and the Ba'athist National Command.
Nureddin al-Atassiنور الدين الأتاسي(1929–1992)
Nureddin al-Atassiنور الدين الأتاسي(1929–1992)
No.
16
Name(Birth–Death)
Nureddin al-Atassiنور الدين الأتاسي(1929–1992)
Elected
—
Term of office
25 February 1966
Term of office
18 November 1970
Term of office
4 years, 266 days
Political party
Syrian Ba'ath Party(Syria Region)
Note(s)
Atassi was overthrown when a falling out occurred between Salah Jadid, the country's de facto leader from 1966 to 1970 as Assistant Regional Secretary of the Regional Command, and Hafez al-Assad, the Minister of Defense. Assad initiated a coup in 1970, known as the Corrective Movement.
Ahmad al-Khatibأحمد الخطيب(1933–1982)
Ahmad al-Khatibأحمد الخطيب(1933–1982)
No.
—
Name(Birth–Death)
Ahmad al-Khatibأحمد الخطيب(1933–1982)
Elected
—
Term of office
18 November 1970
Term of office
12 March 1971
Term of office
114 days
Political party
Syrian Ba'ath Party(Syria Region)
Note(s)
Assad served as the country's de facto leader during this period, as head of the Temporary Regional Command and as Regional Secretary of the Regional Command.
Hafez al-Assadحافظ الأسد(1930–2000)
Hafez al-Assadحافظ الأسد(1930–2000)
No.
17
Name(Birth–Death)
Hafez al-Assadحافظ الأسد(1930–2000)
Elected
19711978198519911999
Term of office
12 March 1971
Term of office
10 June 2000
Term of office
29 years, 90 days
Political party
Syrian Ba'ath Party(Syria Region)
Note(s)
In late 1983, due to deteriorating health, Assad transferred his powers during his absence and recovery to a committee consisting of members from his close circle. Assad recovered and died in office seventeen years later.
Abdul Halim Khaddamعبدالحليم خدام(1932–2020)
Abdul Halim Khaddamعبدالحليم خدام(1932–2020)
No.
—
Name(Birth–Death)
Abdul Halim Khaddamعبدالحليم خدام(1932–2020)
Elected
—
Term of office
10 June 2000
Term of office
17 July 2000
Term of office
37 days
Political party
Syrian Ba'ath Party(Syria Region)
Note(s)
Khaddam constitutionally succeeded from the vice presidency, and served on an acting basis until the new confirmative referendum.
Bashar al-Assadبَشَّارُ ٱلْأَسَدِ(born 1965)
Bashar al-Assadبَشَّارُ ٱلْأَسَدِ(born 1965)
No.
18
Name(Birth–Death)
Bashar al-Assadبَشَّارُ ٱلْأَسَدِ(born 1965)
Elected
2000200720142021
Term of office
17 July 2000
Term of office
8 December 2024
Term of office
24 years, 144 days
Political party
Syrian Ba'ath Party(Syria Region)
Note(s)
Assad was overthrown during the fall of Damascus in the Syrian civil war, and fled the country to Russia.
Ahmed al-Sharaaأحمد الشرع(born 1982)
Ahmed al-Sharaaأحمد الشرع(born 1982)
No.
19
Name(Birth–Death)
Ahmed al-Sharaaأحمد الشرع(born 1982)
Elected
—
Term of office
29 January 2025
Term of office
Incumbent
Term of office
281 days
Political party
Independent
Note(s)
Al-Sharaa was appointed as president by the Syrian General Command during the transitional period at the Syrian Revolution Victory Conference.
| No. | Portrait | Name(Birth–Death) | Elected | Term of office | Political party | Note(s) | |||
| Took office | Left office | Time in office | |||||||
| Syrian Arab Republic (1961–present) | |||||||||
| Second Syrian Republic (1961–1963) | |||||||||
| Vacant (28 September 1961 – 14 December 1961) | |||||||||
| 13 | | Nazim al-Qudsiناظم القدسي(1906–1998) | 1961 | 14 December 1961 | 8 March 1963 | 1 year, 84 days | People's Party | The 1963 coup d'état, an event known as the March 8 Revolution, toppled Qudsi and brought the National Council for the Revolutionary Command (NCRC) to government, although real power lay with the Ba'athist Military Committee, which organized the coup. | |
| Ba'athist Syria (1963–2024) | |||||||||
| Vacant (8 March 1963 – 9 March 1963) | |||||||||
| 14 | | Lu'ay al-Atassiلؤي الأتاسي(1926–2003) | — | 9 March 1963 | 27 July 1963 | 140 days | Independent | Atassi was appointed president by the NCRC because he posed no threat to the Military Committee's power. He resigned after high-ranking non-Ba'athist officers were purged. | |
| 15 | | Amin al-Hafizأمين الحافظ(1921–2009) | — | 27 July 1963 | 23 February 1966 | 2 years, 211 days | Ba'ath Party(Syria Region) | Hafiz was overthrown by the Military Committee because of his support for Michel Aflaq and the Ba'athist National Command. | |
| Vacant (23 February 1966 – 25 February 1966) | |||||||||
| 16 | | Nureddin al-Atassiنور الدين الأتاسي(1929–1992) | — | 25 February 1966 | 18 November 1970 | 4 years, 266 days | Syrian Ba'ath Party(Syria Region) | Atassi was overthrown when a falling out occurred between Salah Jadid, the country's de facto leader from 1966 to 1970 as Assistant Regional Secretary of the Regional Command, and Hafez al-Assad, the Minister of Defense. Assad initiated a coup in 1970, known as the Corrective Movement. | |
| — | | Ahmad al-Khatibأحمد الخطيب(1933–1982) | — | 18 November 1970 | 12 March 1971 | 114 days | Syrian Ba'ath Party(Syria Region) | Assad served as the country's de facto leader during this period, as head of the Temporary Regional Command and as Regional Secretary of the Regional Command. | |
| 17 | | Hafez al-Assadحافظ الأسد(1930–2000) | 19711978198519911999 | 12 March 1971 | 10 June 2000 | 29 years, 90 days | Syrian Ba'ath Party(Syria Region) | In late 1983, due to deteriorating health, Assad transferred his powers during his absence and recovery to a committee consisting of members from his close circle. Assad recovered and died in office seventeen years later. | |
| — | | Abdul Halim Khaddamعبدالحليم خدام(1932–2020) | — | 10 June 2000 | 17 July 2000 | 37 days | Syrian Ba'ath Party(Syria Region) | Khaddam constitutionally succeeded from the vice presidency, and served on an acting basis until the new confirmative referendum. | |
| 18 | | Bashar al-Assadبَشَّارُ ٱلْأَسَدِ(born 1965) | 2000200720142021 | 17 July 2000 | 8 December 2024 | 24 years, 144 days | Syrian Ba'ath Party(Syria Region) | Assad was overthrown during the fall of Damascus in the Syrian civil war, and fled the country to Russia. | |
| Transitional period (2024–present) | |||||||||
| Ahmed al-Sharaa served as the de facto Leader of Syria (8 December 2024 – 29 January 2025) | |||||||||
| 19 | | Ahmed al-Sharaaأحمد الشرع(born 1982) | — | 29 January 2025 | Incumbent | 281 days | Independent | Al-Sharaa was appointed as president by the Syrian General Command during the transitional period at the Syrian Revolution Victory Conference. | |
References
- During Atassi's tenure, the office of head of state was entitled President of the National Council for the Revolutionary
- During Hafiz's tenure, the office of head of state was entitled President of the National Council for the Revolutionary
- The committee consisted of Rifaat al-Assad (younger brother of Assad), Abdul Halim Khaddam (Minister of Foreign Affairs)
- Following the fall of the Assad regime, al-Sharaa served as Syria's de facto leader as the emir of the Hay'at Tahrir al-
- Arrêtés Nos. 1, 2 & 3, Bulletin hebdomadaire des actes administratifs du Haut-Commissariat (8 October 1922), p. 268; [1]https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k6486997n/f4.item
- Moubayed 2006, p. 345.
- Moubayed 2006, p. 311.
- Moubayed 2006, p. 610.
- Moubayed 2006, p. 339.
- New York Timeshttps://www.nytimes.com/1961/11/22/archives/elnuss-leads-syria-heads-transitional-cabinet-after-kuzbari-resigns.html
- Moubayed 2006, p. 133.
- Moubayed 2006, p. 175.
- Rabinovich 1972, p. 72.
- Seale 1990, pp. 99–101.
- Seale 1990, pp. 142–144.
- Seale 1990, pp. 162–163.
- The Washington Posthttps://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1983/12/06/major-illness-said-to-incapacitate-syrian-president/1da1213d-4e7d-4b17-92fb-95104f57a954/
- Seale, Patrick (8 February 1989). "Chapter 24: Brothers's war". Asad: The Struggle for the Middle East. University of Ca
- Moubayed 2006, pp. 154–155.
- Reutershttps://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/syria-rebels-celebrate-captured-homs-set-sights-damascus-2024-12-07/
- Financial Timeshttps://archive.today/20241229153058/https://www.ft.com/content/bf11898a-8e0a-416b-bd37-b7835bc8fd1c
- www.bbc.comhttps://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c8d9r0vg6v7o
- Enab Baladihttps://english.enabbaladi.net/archives/2025/01/general-command-appoints-ahmed-al-sharaa-as-president-of-syria/
- www.aa.com.trhttps://www.aa.com.tr/en/politics/leader-of-syria-s-new-administration-congratulates-trump/3456721