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List of popes

Updated: Wikipedia source

List of popes

This chronological list of the popes of the Catholic Church corresponds to that given in the Annuario Pontificio under the heading "I Sommi Pontefici Romani" (The Roman Supreme Pontiffs), excluding those that are explicitly indicated as antipopes. Published every year by the Roman Curia, the Annuario Pontificio no longer identifies popes by regnal number, stating that it is impossible to decide which pope represented the legitimate succession at various times. The 2001 edition of the Annuario Pontificio introduced "almost 200 corrections to its existing biographies of the popes, from St Peter to John Paul II". The corrections concerned dates, especially in the first two centuries, birthplaces and the family name of one pope. The term pope (Latin: papa, lit. 'father') is used in several churches to denote their high spiritual leaders (for example Coptic pope). This title is usually used in English to refer to the head of the Catholic Church. The Catholic pope uses various titles by tradition, including Summus Pontifex, Pontifex Maximus, and Servus servorum Dei. Each title has been added by unique historical events, and unlike other papal prerogatives, is not incapable of modification. Hermannus Contractus may have been the first historian to number the popes continuously. His list ends in 1049 with Leo IX as number 154. Several changes were made to the list during the 20th century. Christopher was considered a legitimate pope for a long time but was removed due to how he obtained the papacy. Pope-elect Stephen was listed as Stephen II until the 1961 edition, when his name was removed. The decisions of the Council of Pisa (1409) were reversed in 1963 in a reinterpretation of the Western Schism, extending Gregory XII's pontificate to 1415 and classifying rival claimants Alexander V and John XXIII as antipopes. A significant number of these popes have been recognized as saints, including 48 out of the first 50 consecutive popes, and others are in the sainthood process. Of the first 31 popes, 28 died as martyrs.

Tables

Popes of the 1st century
St PeterPETRVS
St PeterPETRVS
Pontiffnumber
1
Pontificate
c. 30 – c. 64(34 years)
Name: English· Latin
St PeterPETRVS
Date and place of birth
Bethsaida, Gaulanitis, Herodian tetrarchy
Notes
Born Shimon, son of Yonah. A Jewish peregrinus, free provincial subject of the Roman Empire who was not a Roman citizen. Feast day (Feast of Saints Peter and Paul) 29 June. Apostle of Jesus. According to Catholic tradition, he received the keys of the Kingdom of Heaven (Matthew 16:18–19). The Catholic Church recognizes him as the first bishop of Rome appointed by Jesus and therefore the first pope. Also revered as saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 29 June. St. Peter's Basilica in Vatican City is named after him.
St LinusLINVS
St LinusLINVS
Pontiffnumber
2
Pontificate
c. 64 – c. 76 (?)(12 years)
Name: English· Latin
St LinusLINVS
Date and place of birth
Volterrae, Italia, Roman Empire
Notes
First Roman pope. Roman citizen, born in Italia, the homeland of the ancient Romans. Feast day 23 September. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 7 June. Possibly mentioned in the New Testament (Second Epistle to Timothy 4:21).
St CletusCLETVS
St CletusCLETVS
Pontiffnumber
3
Pontificate
c. 76 – c. 88 (?)(12 years)
Name: English· Latin
St CletusCLETVS
Date and place of birth
Athenae, Achaea, Roman Empire
Notes
First Greek pope. A peregrinus, free provincial subject of the Roman Empire who was not a Roman citizen. Feast day 26 April. Once erroneously split into Cletus and Anacletus. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with the same feast day.
St Clement ICLEMENS
St Clement ICLEMENS
Pontiffnumber
4
Pontificate
c. 88 – c. 97 (?)(9 years)
Name: English· Latin
St Clement ICLEMENS
Date and place of birth
Roma, Italia, Roman Empire
Notes
Roman citizen, born in the capital of the Roman Empire. Feast day 23 November. The earliest Apostolic Father; issued First Clement, which is said to be the basis of apostolic authority for the clergy. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 25 November. Possibly mentioned in the New Testament (Epistle to the Philippians 4:3). He was martyred by being tied to an anchor and being thrown into the sea.
St EvaristusEVARISTVS
St EvaristusEVARISTVS
Pontiffnumber
5
Pontificate
c. 97 – c. 105 (?)(8 years)
Name: English· Latin
St EvaristusEVARISTVS
Date and place of birth
Bethlehem, Judaea, Roman Empire
Notes
A Hellenized Jew. A peregrinus, free provincial subject of the Roman Empire who was not a Roman citizen. Feast day of 26 October. Said to have divided Rome into parishes, assigning a priest to each.
Pontiffnumber
Pontificate
Name: English· Latin
Date and place of birth
Age at start/end
Notes
1
c. 30 – c. 64(34 years)
St PeterPETRVS
Bethsaida, Gaulanitis, Herodian tetrarchy
Born Shimon, son of Yonah. A Jewish peregrinus, free provincial subject of the Roman Empire who was not a Roman citizen. Feast day (Feast of Saints Peter and Paul) 29 June. Apostle of Jesus. According to Catholic tradition, he received the keys of the Kingdom of Heaven (Matthew 16:18–19). The Catholic Church recognizes him as the first bishop of Rome appointed by Jesus and therefore the first pope. Also revered as saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 29 June. St. Peter's Basilica in Vatican City is named after him.
2
c. 64 – c. 76 (?)(12 years)
St LinusLINVS
Volterrae, Italia, Roman Empire
First Roman pope. Roman citizen, born in Italia, the homeland of the ancient Romans. Feast day 23 September. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 7 June. Possibly mentioned in the New Testament (Second Epistle to Timothy 4:21).
3
c. 76 – c. 88 (?)(12 years)
St CletusCLETVS
Athenae, Achaea, Roman Empire
First Greek pope. A peregrinus, free provincial subject of the Roman Empire who was not a Roman citizen. Feast day 26 April. Once erroneously split into Cletus and Anacletus. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with the same feast day.
4
c. 88 – c. 97 (?)(9 years)
St Clement ICLEMENS
Roma, Italia, Roman Empire
Roman citizen, born in the capital of the Roman Empire. Feast day 23 November. The earliest Apostolic Father; issued First Clement, which is said to be the basis of apostolic authority for the clergy. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 25 November. Possibly mentioned in the New Testament (Epistle to the Philippians 4:3). He was martyred by being tied to an anchor and being thrown into the sea.
5
c. 97 – c. 105 (?)(8 years)
St EvaristusEVARISTVS
Bethlehem, Judaea, Roman Empire
A Hellenized Jew. A peregrinus, free provincial subject of the Roman Empire who was not a Roman citizen. Feast day of 26 October. Said to have divided Rome into parishes, assigning a priest to each.
Popes of the 2nd century
St Alexander IALEXANDER
St Alexander IALEXANDER
Pontiffnumber
6
Pontificate
c. 105 – c. 115 (?)(10 years)
Name: English· Latin
St Alexander IALEXANDER
Date and place of birth
Roma, Italia, Roman Empire
Notes
Roman citizen, born in the capital of the Roman Empire. Feast day 3 May. Inaugurated the custom of blessing houses with holy water. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 18 March.
St Sixtus IXYSTVS
St Sixtus IXYSTVS
Pontiffnumber
7
Pontificate
c. 115 – c. 125(10 years)
Name: English· Latin
St Sixtus IXYSTVS
Date and place of birth
c. 42 Roma, Italia, Roman Empire
Notes
A Roman of Greek descent, born in Italia, the homeland of the ancient Romans. Uncertain if he was a peregrinus (a free subject of the Roman Empire) or a Roman citizen. Feast day 6 April. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 10 August.
St TelesphorusTELESPHORVS
St TelesphorusTELESPHORVS
Pontiffnumber
8
Pontificate
c. 125 – c. 136(11 years)
Name: English· Latin
St TelesphorusTELESPHORVS
Date and place of birth
Terra Nova, Italia, Roman Empire
Notes
A Roman of Greek descent, born in Italia, the homeland of the ancient Romans. Uncertain if he was a peregrinus (a free subject of the Roman Empire) or a Roman citizen. Feast day 5 January. Church Father St. Irenaeus called him a great martyr; the earliest attested martyrdom of pope after St. Peter. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 22 February.
St HyginusHYGINVS
St HyginusHYGINVS
Pontiffnumber
9
Pontificate
c. 136 – c. 140 (4 years)
Name: English· Latin
St HyginusHYGINVS
Date and place of birth
Athenae, Achaea, Roman Empire
Notes
Greek. A peregrinus, free provincial subject of the Roman Empire who was not a Roman citizen. Tradition holds he was martyred; feast day 11 January.
St Pius IPIVS
St Pius IPIVS
Pontiffnumber
10
Pontificate
c. 140 – c. 155(15 years)
Name: English· Latin
St Pius IPIVS
Date and place of birth
Aquileia, Italia, Roman Empire
Notes
Roman citizen, born in Italia, the homeland of the ancient Romans. Brother of the freedman Hermas. Martyred by sword; feast day 11 July. Decreed that Easter should only be celebrated on a Sunday.
St AnicetusANICETVS
St AnicetusANICETVS
Pontiffnumber
11
Pontificate
c. 155 – 166/7(11–12 years)
Name: English· Latin
St AnicetusANICETVS
Date and place of birth
Emesa, Syria, Roman Empire
Notes
Hellenized Syrian; first Syrian pope. A peregrinus, free provincial subject of the Roman Empire who was not a Roman citizen. Tradition holds he was martyred; feast day 20 April. Decreed that priests are not allowed to have long hair. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 17 April.
St SoterSOTER
St SoterSOTER
Pontiffnumber
12
Pontificate
166/7 – 174/5(8–9 years)
Name: English· Latin
St SoterSOTER
Date and place of birth
Fundi, Italia, Roman Empire
Notes
Roman citizen, born in Italia, the homeland of the ancient Romans. Tradition holds he was martyred; feast day 22 April. Declared that marriage was valid as a sacrament blessed by a priest; formally inaugurated Easter as an annual festival in Rome.
St EleutheriusELEVTHERIVS
St EleutheriusELEVTHERIVS
Pontiffnumber
13
Pontificate
174/5 – 189(14–15 years)
Name: English· Latin
St EleutheriusELEVTHERIVS
Date and place of birth
Nicopolis, Epirus, Roman Empire
Notes
Greek. A peregrinus, free provincial subject of the Roman Empire who was not a Roman citizen. Tradition holds he was martyred; feast day 6 May.
St Victor IVICTOR
St Victor IVICTOR
Pontiffnumber
14
Pontificate
189 – 198/9(9–10 years)
Name: English· Latin
St Victor IVICTOR
Date and place of birth
Africa, Roman Empire
Notes
Roman Berber; first pope to have been born on the continent of Africa. Uncertain if he was a peregrinus (a free subject of the Roman Empire) or a Roman citizen. Feast day 28 July or 11 January. Known for excommunicating Theodotus of Byzantium. Quartodecimanism controversy.
St ZephyrinusZEPHYRINVS
St ZephyrinusZEPHYRINVS
Pontiffnumber
15
Pontificate
198/9 –20 December 217(18–19 years)
Name: English· Latin
St ZephyrinusZEPHYRINVS
Date and place of birth
Roma, Italia, Roman Empire
Notes
Roman citizen, born in the capital of the Roman Empire. Although not physically martyred (murdered), he is called a martyr for the suffering he endured; feast day 20 December. Combated against the adoptionist heresies of the followers of Theodotus of Byzantium, who were ruled by Theodotus and Asclepiodotus.
NataliusNATALIVS
NataliusNATALIVS
Pontiffnumber
—
Pontificate
c. 198/9 –c. 199/200(1 year)
Name: English· Latin
NataliusNATALIVS
Date and place of birth
Roma, Italia, Roman Empire
Notes
Roman citizen, born in the capital of the Roman Empire. In opposition to Zephyrinus. Later reconciled.
Pontiffnumber
Pontificate
Name: English· Latin
Date and place of birth
Age at start/end
Notes
6
c. 105 – c. 115 (?)(10 years)
St Alexander IALEXANDER
Roma, Italia, Roman Empire
Roman citizen, born in the capital of the Roman Empire. Feast day 3 May. Inaugurated the custom of blessing houses with holy water. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 18 March.
7
c. 115 – c. 125(10 years)
St Sixtus IXYSTVS
c. 42 Roma, Italia, Roman Empire
A Roman of Greek descent, born in Italia, the homeland of the ancient Romans. Uncertain if he was a peregrinus (a free subject of the Roman Empire) or a Roman citizen. Feast day 6 April. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 10 August.
8
c. 125 – c. 136(11 years)
St TelesphorusTELESPHORVS
Terra Nova, Italia, Roman Empire
A Roman of Greek descent, born in Italia, the homeland of the ancient Romans. Uncertain if he was a peregrinus (a free subject of the Roman Empire) or a Roman citizen. Feast day 5 January. Church Father St. Irenaeus called him a great martyr; the earliest attested martyrdom of pope after St. Peter. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 22 February.
9
c. 136 – c. 140 (4 years)
St HyginusHYGINVS
Athenae, Achaea, Roman Empire
Greek. A peregrinus, free provincial subject of the Roman Empire who was not a Roman citizen. Tradition holds he was martyred; feast day 11 January.
10
c. 140 – c. 155(15 years)
St Pius IPIVS
Aquileia, Italia, Roman Empire
Roman citizen, born in Italia, the homeland of the ancient Romans. Brother of the freedman Hermas. Martyred by sword; feast day 11 July. Decreed that Easter should only be celebrated on a Sunday.
11
c. 155 – 166/7(11–12 years)
St AnicetusANICETVS
Emesa, Syria, Roman Empire
Hellenized Syrian; first Syrian pope. A peregrinus, free provincial subject of the Roman Empire who was not a Roman citizen. Tradition holds he was martyred; feast day 20 April. Decreed that priests are not allowed to have long hair. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 17 April.
12
166/7 – 174/5(8–9 years)
St SoterSOTER
Fundi, Italia, Roman Empire
Roman citizen, born in Italia, the homeland of the ancient Romans. Tradition holds he was martyred; feast day 22 April. Declared that marriage was valid as a sacrament blessed by a priest; formally inaugurated Easter as an annual festival in Rome.
13
174/5 – 189(14–15 years)
St EleutheriusELEVTHERIVS
Nicopolis, Epirus, Roman Empire
Greek. A peregrinus, free provincial subject of the Roman Empire who was not a Roman citizen. Tradition holds he was martyred; feast day 6 May.
14
189 – 198/9(9–10 years)
St Victor IVICTOR
Africa, Roman Empire
Roman Berber; first pope to have been born on the continent of Africa. Uncertain if he was a peregrinus (a free subject of the Roman Empire) or a Roman citizen. Feast day 28 July or 11 January. Known for excommunicating Theodotus of Byzantium. Quartodecimanism controversy.
15
198/9 –20 December 217(18–19 years)
St ZephyrinusZEPHYRINVS
Roma, Italia, Roman Empire
Roman citizen, born in the capital of the Roman Empire. Although not physically martyred (murdered), he is called a martyr for the suffering he endured; feast day 20 December. Combated against the adoptionist heresies of the followers of Theodotus of Byzantium, who were ruled by Theodotus and Asclepiodotus.
—
c. 198/9 –c. 199/200(1 year)
NataliusNATALIVS
Roma, Italia, Roman Empire
Roman citizen, born in the capital of the Roman Empire. In opposition to Zephyrinus. Later reconciled.
Popes of the 3rd century
St Callixtus ICALLISTVS
St Callixtus ICALLISTVS
Pontiffnumber
16
Pontificate
218 –14 October 222(4 years)
Name: English· Latin
St Callixtus ICALLISTVS
Date and place of birth
Roma, Italia, Roman Empire
Notes
Roman citizen of Greek descent (Constitutio Antoniniana). Martyred; feast day 14 October.
St HippolytusHIPPOLYTVS
St HippolytusHIPPOLYTVS
Pontiffnumber
—
Pontificate
217 – 235(18 years)
Name: English· Latin
St HippolytusHIPPOLYTVS
Date and place of birth
c. 170
Age at start/end
47 / 65
Notes
Roman citizen of Greek descent (Constitutio Antoniniana). In opposition to Callixtus I, Urban I, and Pontian. Later reconciled with Pontian (see below).
St Urban IVRBANVS
St Urban IVRBANVS
Pontiffnumber
17
Pontificate
222 –19 May 230(7 years)
Name: English· Latin
St Urban IVRBANVS
Date and place of birth
Roma, Italia, Roman Empire
Notes
Roman citizen. Feast day 25 May. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with the same feast day.
St PontianPONTIANVS
St PontianPONTIANVS
Pontiffnumber
18
Pontificate
21 July 230 –28 September 235(5 years, 69 days)
Name: English· Latin
St PontianPONTIANVS
Date and place of birth
Roma, Italia, Roman Empire
Notes
Roman citizen. Feast day 13 August. First to abdicate due to his exile to Sardinia by Emperor Maximinus Thrax. The Liberian Catalogue recorded his exile on 28 September 235, the earliest exact date in papal history. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with the same feast day.
St AnterusANTERVS
St AnterusANTERVS
Pontiffnumber
19
Pontificate
21 November 235 –3 January 236(43 days)
Name: English· Latin
St AnterusANTERVS
Date and place of birth
Petelia, Italia, Roman Empire
Notes
Roman citizen of Greek descent (Constitutio Antoniniana). Feast day 3 January. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 5 August.
St FabianFABIANVS
St FabianFABIANVS
Pontiffnumber
20
Pontificate
10 February 236 –20 January 250(13 years, 344 days)
Name: English· Latin
St FabianFABIANVS
Date and place of birth
Roma, Italia, Roman Empire
Notes
Roman citizen. Feast day 20 January. Divided the communities of Rome into seven districts, each supervised by a deacon. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 5 August.
St CorneliusCORNELIVS
St CorneliusCORNELIVS
Pontiffnumber
21
Pontificate
March 251 – June 253(2 years, 3 months)
Name: English· Latin
St CorneliusCORNELIVS
Date and place of birth
Roma, Italia, Roman Empire
Notes
Roman citizen. Died as a martyr through extreme hardship; feast day 16 September.
NovatianNOVATIANVS
NovatianNOVATIANVS
Pontiffnumber
—
Pontificate
March 251 – 258(7 years)
Name: English· Latin
NovatianNOVATIANVS
Date and place of birth
c. 200–220 Roma, Italia, Roman Empire
Age at start/end
31–51 / 38–58
Notes
Roman citizen. Founder of Novatianism. In opposition to Cornelius, Lucius I, Stephen I, and Sixtus II.
St Lucius ILUCIVS
St Lucius ILUCIVS
Pontiffnumber
22
Pontificate
25 June 253 –5 March 254(253 days)
Name: English· Latin
St Lucius ILUCIVS
Date and place of birth
Roma, Italia, Roman Empire
Notes
Roman citizen. Feast day 5 March.
St Stephen ISTEPHANVS
St Stephen ISTEPHANVS
Pontiffnumber
23
Pontificate
12 March 254 –2 August 257(3 years, 143 days)
Name: English· Latin
St Stephen ISTEPHANVS
Date and place of birth
Roma, Italia, Roman Empire
Notes
Roman citizen of Greek descent (Constitutio Antoniniana). Martyred by beheading; feast day 2 August. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with the same feast day.
St Sixtus IIXYSTVS Secundus
St Sixtus IIXYSTVS Secundus
Pontiffnumber
24
Pontificate
31 August 257 –6 August 258(340 days)
Name: English· Latin
St Sixtus IIXYSTVS Secundus
Date and place of birth
Athenae, Achaea, Roman Empire
Notes
Roman citizen of Greek descent (Constitutio Antoniniana). Martyred by beheading; feast day 6 August. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with the same feast day.
St DionysiusDIONYSIVS
St DionysiusDIONYSIVS
Pontiffnumber
25
Pontificate
22 July 259 –27 December 268(9 years, 158 days)
Name: English· Latin
St DionysiusDIONYSIVS
Date and place of birth
Terra Nova, Italia, Roman Empire
Notes
Roman citizen of Greek descent (Constitutio Antoniniana). Feast day 26 December.
St Felix IFELIX
St Felix IFELIX
Pontiffnumber
26
Pontificate
5 January 269 –30 December 274(5 years, 359 days)
Name: English· Latin
St Felix IFELIX
Date and place of birth
Roma, Italia, Roman Empire
Notes
Roman citizen. Feast day 30 December.
St EutychianEVTYCHIANVS
St EutychianEVTYCHIANVS
Pontiffnumber
27
Pontificate
4 January 275 –7 December 283(8 years, 337 days)
Name: English· Latin
St EutychianEVTYCHIANVS
Date and place of birth
Luna, Italia, Roman Empire
Notes
Roman citizen. Feast day 8 December.
St CaiusCAIVS
St CaiusCAIVS
Pontiffnumber
28
Pontificate
17 December 283 –22 April 296(12 years, 127 days)
Name: English· Latin
St CaiusCAIVS
Date and place of birth
Salona, Dalmatia, Roman Empire
Notes
Roman citizen. Martyred by beheading (according to legend); feast day 22 April. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 11 August.
St MarcellinusMARCELLINVS
St MarcellinusMARCELLINVS
Pontiffnumber
29
Pontificate
30 June 296 –25 October 304(8 years, 117 days)
Name: English· Latin
St MarcellinusMARCELLINVS
Date and place of birth
Roma, Italia, Roman Empire
Notes
Roman citizen. Feast day 26 April. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 7 June.
Pontiffnumber
Pontificate
Name: English· Latin
Date and place of birth
Age at start/end
Notes
16
218 –14 October 222(4 years)
St Callixtus ICALLISTVS
Roma, Italia, Roman Empire
Roman citizen of Greek descent (Constitutio Antoniniana). Martyred; feast day 14 October.
—
217 – 235(18 years)
St HippolytusHIPPOLYTVS
c. 170
47 / 65
Roman citizen of Greek descent (Constitutio Antoniniana). In opposition to Callixtus I, Urban I, and Pontian. Later reconciled with Pontian (see below).
17
222 –19 May 230(7 years)
St Urban IVRBANVS
Roma, Italia, Roman Empire
Roman citizen. Feast day 25 May. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with the same feast day.
18
21 July 230 –28 September 235(5 years, 69 days)
St PontianPONTIANVS
Roma, Italia, Roman Empire
Roman citizen. Feast day 13 August. First to abdicate due to his exile to Sardinia by Emperor Maximinus Thrax. The Liberian Catalogue recorded his exile on 28 September 235, the earliest exact date in papal history. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with the same feast day.
19
21 November 235 –3 January 236(43 days)
St AnterusANTERVS
Petelia, Italia, Roman Empire
Roman citizen of Greek descent (Constitutio Antoniniana). Feast day 3 January. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 5 August.
20
10 February 236 –20 January 250(13 years, 344 days)
St FabianFABIANVS
Roma, Italia, Roman Empire
Roman citizen. Feast day 20 January. Divided the communities of Rome into seven districts, each supervised by a deacon. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 5 August.
21
March 251 – June 253(2 years, 3 months)
St CorneliusCORNELIVS
Roma, Italia, Roman Empire
Roman citizen. Died as a martyr through extreme hardship; feast day 16 September.
—
March 251 – 258(7 years)
NovatianNOVATIANVS
c. 200–220 Roma, Italia, Roman Empire
31–51 / 38–58
Roman citizen. Founder of Novatianism. In opposition to Cornelius, Lucius I, Stephen I, and Sixtus II.
22
25 June 253 –5 March 254(253 days)
St Lucius ILUCIVS
Roma, Italia, Roman Empire
Roman citizen. Feast day 5 March.
23
12 March 254 –2 August 257(3 years, 143 days)
St Stephen ISTEPHANVS
Roma, Italia, Roman Empire
Roman citizen of Greek descent (Constitutio Antoniniana). Martyred by beheading; feast day 2 August. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with the same feast day.
24
31 August 257 –6 August 258(340 days)
St Sixtus IIXYSTVS Secundus
Athenae, Achaea, Roman Empire
Roman citizen of Greek descent (Constitutio Antoniniana). Martyred by beheading; feast day 6 August. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with the same feast day.
25
22 July 259 –27 December 268(9 years, 158 days)
St DionysiusDIONYSIVS
Terra Nova, Italia, Roman Empire
Roman citizen of Greek descent (Constitutio Antoniniana). Feast day 26 December.
26
5 January 269 –30 December 274(5 years, 359 days)
St Felix IFELIX
Roma, Italia, Roman Empire
Roman citizen. Feast day 30 December.
27
4 January 275 –7 December 283(8 years, 337 days)
St EutychianEVTYCHIANVS
Luna, Italia, Roman Empire
Roman citizen. Feast day 8 December.
28
17 December 283 –22 April 296(12 years, 127 days)
St CaiusCAIVS
Salona, Dalmatia, Roman Empire
Roman citizen. Martyred by beheading (according to legend); feast day 22 April. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 11 August.
29
30 June 296 –25 October 304(8 years, 117 days)
St MarcellinusMARCELLINVS
Roma, Italia, Roman Empire
Roman citizen. Feast day 26 April. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 7 June.
Popes of the 4th century
St Marcellus IMARCELLVS
St Marcellus IMARCELLVS
Pontiffnumber
30
Pontificate
27 May 308 –16 January 309(234 days)
Name: English· Latin
St Marcellus IMARCELLVS
Date and place of birth
Rome, Italy, Roman Empire
Notes
Roman citizen. Banished from Rome by Emperor Maxentius (309) and died in exile; feast day 16 January.
St EusebiusEVSEBIVS
St EusebiusEVSEBIVS
Pontiffnumber
31
Pontificate
18 April 309 –17 August 310(1 year, 121 days)
Name: English· Latin
St EusebiusEVSEBIVS
Date and place of birth
Achaea, Roman Empire
Notes
Roman citizen of Greek descent. Banished by Emperor Maxentius and died in exile; feast day 17 August.
St Miltiades(Melchiades)MILTIADES
St Miltiades(Melchiades)MILTIADES
Pontiffnumber
32
Pontificate
2 July 311 –10 January 314(2 years, 192 days)
Name: English· Latin
St Miltiades(Melchiades)MILTIADES
Date and place of birth
Africa, Roman Empire
Notes
Roman citizen of Berber descent. Feast day 10 January. First pope after the end of the persecution of Christians through the Edict of Milan (313), issued by Emperor Constantine I. Presided over the Lateran Council of 313.
St Sylvester ISILVESTER
St Sylvester ISILVESTER
Pontiffnumber
33
Pontificate
31 January 314 –31 December 335(21 years, 334 days)
Name: English· Latin
St Sylvester ISILVESTER
Date and place of birth
Fanum Sancti Angeli de Scala, Apulia et Calabria, Roman Empire
Notes
Roman citizen. Feast day 31 December. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 2 January. Pope during the First Council of Nicaea (325), the first ecumenical council. Under him were built: the Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran, the Santa Croce in Gerusalemme, and the Old St. Peter's Basilica. Stated to be the recipient of the Donation of Constantine, which was later shown to be a forgery.
St MarkMARCVS
St MarkMARCVS
Pontiffnumber
34
Pontificate
18 January 336 –7 October 336(263 days)
Name: English· Latin
St MarkMARCVS
Date and place of birth
Rome, Italy, Roman Empire
Notes
Roman citizen. Feast day 7 October. Compiled stories of martyrs and bishops before his time. May have founded two churches in the area of Rome: Church of San Marco and a church at the Catacomb of Balbina, a cemetery.
St Julius IIVLIVS
St Julius IIVLIVS
Pontiffnumber
35
Pontificate
6 February 337 –12 April 352(15 years, 66 days)
Name: English· Latin
St Julius IIVLIVS
Date and place of birth
Rome, Italy, Roman Empire
Notes
Roman citizen. Feast day 12 April. He was involved in the Arian controversy, supporting Athanasius of Alexandria.
LiberiusLIBERIVS
LiberiusLIBERIVS
Pontiffnumber
36
Pontificate
17 May 352 –24 September 366(14 years, 130 days)
Name: English· Latin
LiberiusLIBERIVS
Date and place of birth
Rome, Italy, Roman Empire
Notes
Roman citizen. Banished by the Arian-leaning Emperor Constantius II and later yielding to him. Earliest pope not canonized by the Latin Church. Revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 27 August.
Felix IIFELIX Secundus
Felix IIFELIX Secundus
Pontiffnumber
—
Pontificate
355 –22 November 365(10 years, 0 days)
Name: English· Latin
Felix IIFELIX Secundus
Date and place of birth
c. 300 Rome, Italy, Roman Empire
Age at start/end
55 / 65
Notes
Roman citizen. In opposition to Liberius. Installed by Arian-leaning Emperor Constantius II.
St Damasus IDAMASVS
St Damasus IDAMASVS
Pontiffnumber
37
Pontificate
1 October 366 –11 December 384(18 years, 71 days)
Name: English· Latin
St Damasus IDAMASVS
Date and place of birth
c. 305 Egitania, Lusitania or Rome, Italy, Roman Empire
Age at start/end
60 / 78
Notes
Roman citizen. First pope from modern-day Portugal. Feast day 11 December. Patron of Jerome, commissioned the Vulgate translation of the Bible. Pope during the First Council of Constantinople (381), the second ecumenical council, and the Council of Rome (382). First pope to be the official head of the church after Emperor Gratian abdicated the title of Pontifex Maximus.
UrsinusVRSINVS
UrsinusVRSINVS
Pontiffnumber
—
Pontificate
1 October 366 –16 November 367(1 year, 46 days)
Name: English· Latin
UrsinusVRSINVS
Date and place of birth
Rome, Italy, Roman Empire
Notes
Roman citizen. In opposition to Damasus I. Banished to Gallia by Emperor Valentinian II after a war between two sects and died after 384.
St SiriciusSIRICIVS
St SiriciusSIRICIVS
Pontiffnumber
38
Pontificate
17 December 384 –26 November 399(14 years, 344 days)
Name: English· Latin
St SiriciusSIRICIVS
Date and place of birth
c. 334 Rome, Italy, Roman Empire
Age at start/end
50 / 65
Notes
Roman citizen. Feast day 26 November. His famous letters—the earliest surviving texts of papal decretals—were focused particularly on religious discipline and include decisions on baptism, consecration, ordination, penance, and continence. Siricius's important decretal of 386 (written to Bishop Himerius of Tarragona), commanding celibacy for priests, was the first decree on this subject.
St Anastasius IANASTASIVS
St Anastasius IANASTASIVS
Pontiffnumber
39
Pontificate
27 November 399 –19 December 401(2 years, 22 days)
Name: English· Latin
St Anastasius IANASTASIVS
Date and place of birth
Rome, Italy, Roman Empire
Notes
Roman citizen. Feast day 19 December. Instructed priests to stand and bow their heads as they read from the Gospels.
Pontiffnumber
Pontificate
Name: English· Latin
Date and place of birth
Age at start/end
Notes
30
27 May 308 –16 January 309(234 days)
St Marcellus IMARCELLVS
Rome, Italy, Roman Empire
Roman citizen. Banished from Rome by Emperor Maxentius (309) and died in exile; feast day 16 January.
31
18 April 309 –17 August 310(1 year, 121 days)
St EusebiusEVSEBIVS
Achaea, Roman Empire
Roman citizen of Greek descent. Banished by Emperor Maxentius and died in exile; feast day 17 August.
32
2 July 311 –10 January 314(2 years, 192 days)
St Miltiades(Melchiades)MILTIADES
Africa, Roman Empire
Roman citizen of Berber descent. Feast day 10 January. First pope after the end of the persecution of Christians through the Edict of Milan (313), issued by Emperor Constantine I. Presided over the Lateran Council of 313.
33
31 January 314 –31 December 335(21 years, 334 days)
St Sylvester ISILVESTER
Fanum Sancti Angeli de Scala, Apulia et Calabria, Roman Empire
Roman citizen. Feast day 31 December. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 2 January. Pope during the First Council of Nicaea (325), the first ecumenical council. Under him were built: the Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran, the Santa Croce in Gerusalemme, and the Old St. Peter's Basilica. Stated to be the recipient of the Donation of Constantine, which was later shown to be a forgery.
34
18 January 336 –7 October 336(263 days)
St MarkMARCVS
Rome, Italy, Roman Empire
Roman citizen. Feast day 7 October. Compiled stories of martyrs and bishops before his time. May have founded two churches in the area of Rome: Church of San Marco and a church at the Catacomb of Balbina, a cemetery.
35
6 February 337 –12 April 352(15 years, 66 days)
St Julius IIVLIVS
Rome, Italy, Roman Empire
Roman citizen. Feast day 12 April. He was involved in the Arian controversy, supporting Athanasius of Alexandria.
36
17 May 352 –24 September 366(14 years, 130 days)
LiberiusLIBERIVS
Rome, Italy, Roman Empire
Roman citizen. Banished by the Arian-leaning Emperor Constantius II and later yielding to him. Earliest pope not canonized by the Latin Church. Revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 27 August.
—
355 –22 November 365(10 years, 0 days)
Felix IIFELIX Secundus
c. 300 Rome, Italy, Roman Empire
55 / 65
Roman citizen. In opposition to Liberius. Installed by Arian-leaning Emperor Constantius II.
37
1 October 366 –11 December 384(18 years, 71 days)
St Damasus IDAMASVS
c. 305 Egitania, Lusitania or Rome, Italy, Roman Empire
60 / 78
Roman citizen. First pope from modern-day Portugal. Feast day 11 December. Patron of Jerome, commissioned the Vulgate translation of the Bible. Pope during the First Council of Constantinople (381), the second ecumenical council, and the Council of Rome (382). First pope to be the official head of the church after Emperor Gratian abdicated the title of Pontifex Maximus.
—
1 October 366 –16 November 367(1 year, 46 days)
UrsinusVRSINVS
Rome, Italy, Roman Empire
Roman citizen. In opposition to Damasus I. Banished to Gallia by Emperor Valentinian II after a war between two sects and died after 384.
38
17 December 384 –26 November 399(14 years, 344 days)
St SiriciusSIRICIVS
c. 334 Rome, Italy, Roman Empire
50 / 65
Roman citizen. Feast day 26 November. His famous letters—the earliest surviving texts of papal decretals—were focused particularly on religious discipline and include decisions on baptism, consecration, ordination, penance, and continence. Siricius's important decretal of 386 (written to Bishop Himerius of Tarragona), commanding celibacy for priests, was the first decree on this subject.
39
27 November 399 –19 December 401(2 years, 22 days)
St Anastasius IANASTASIVS
Rome, Italy, Roman Empire
Roman citizen. Feast day 19 December. Instructed priests to stand and bow their heads as they read from the Gospels.
Popes of the 5th century
St Innocent IINNOCENTIVS
St Innocent IINNOCENTIVS
Pontiffnumber
40
Pontificate
21 December 401 –12 March 417(15 years, 81 days)
Name: English· Latin
St Innocent IINNOCENTIVS
Date and place of birth
Albanum, Latium et Campania, Roman Empire
Notes
Roman citizen. Feast day 12 March. Rome was sacked by the Visigoths under King Alaric I (410).
St ZosimusZOSIMVS
St ZosimusZOSIMVS
Pontiffnumber
41
Pontificate
18 March 417 –26 December 418(1 year, 283 days)
Name: English· Latin
St ZosimusZOSIMVS
Date and place of birth
Messurga, Lucania et Bruttii, Roman Empire
Notes
Roman citizen of Greek descent. Feast day 27 December.
EulaliusEVLALIVS
EulaliusEVLALIVS
Pontiffnumber
—
Pontificate
27 December 418 –3 April 419(97 days)
Name: English· Latin
EulaliusEVLALIVS
Date and place of birth
Rome, Italy, Roman Empire
Notes
Roman citizen. In opposition to Boniface I. Elected on the eve of the election of Boniface, first benefited from the support of Emperor Honorius but lost it quickly. Exiled to Campania and died in 423.
St Boniface IBONIFACIVS
St Boniface IBONIFACIVS
Pontiffnumber
42
Pontificate
28 December 418 –4 September 422(3 years, 250 days)
Name: English· Latin
St Boniface IBONIFACIVS
Date and place of birth
Rome, Italy, Roman Empire
Notes
Roman citizen. Feast day 25 October.
St Celestine ICOELESTINVS
St Celestine ICOELESTINVS
Pontiffnumber
43
Pontificate
10 September 422 –27 July 432(9 years, 321 days)
Name: English· Latin
St Celestine ICOELESTINVS
Date and place of birth
Campania, Roman Empire
Notes
Roman citizen. Feast day 27 July. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 8 April. Pope during the Council of Ephesus (431), the third ecumenical council recognized by the Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, and Oriental Orthodox churches.
St Sixtus IIIXYSTVS Tertius
St Sixtus IIIXYSTVS Tertius
Pontiffnumber
44
Pontificate
31 July 432 –18 August 440(8 years, 18 days)
Name: English· Latin
St Sixtus IIIXYSTVS Tertius
Date and place of birth
Rome, Italy, Roman Empire
Notes
Roman citizen. Feast day 28 March.
St Leo I"the Great"LEO MAGNVS
St Leo I"the Great"LEO MAGNVS
Pontiffnumber
45
Pontificate
29 September 440 –10 November 461(21 years, 42 days)
Name: English· Latin
St Leo I"the Great"LEO MAGNVS
Date and place of birth
Etruria, Italy, Roman Empire
Notes
Roman citizen. Feast day 10 November. Convinced Attila the Hun to turn back his invasion of Italy. Convinced the Vandals to spare the lives of the citizenry of Rome during their sack of the city. Wrote the Tome, which was instrumental in the Council of Chalcedon (451) and in defining the hypostatic union. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 18 February.
St HilariusHILARIVS
St HilariusHILARIVS
Pontiffnumber
46
Pontificate
19 November 461 –29 February 468(6 years, 102 days)
Name: English· Latin
St HilariusHILARIVS
Date and place of birth
Sardinia, Italy, Western Roman Empire
Notes
Roman citizen. Feast day 28 February.
St SimpliciusSIMPLICIVS
St SimpliciusSIMPLICIVS
Pontiffnumber
47
Pontificate
3 March 468 –10 March 483(15 years, 7 days)
Name: English· Latin
St SimpliciusSIMPLICIVS
Date and place of birth
Tibur, Italy, Western Roman Empire
Notes
Roman citizen, later a subject of the Kingdom of Italy. Feast day 10 March. Pope during the collapse of the Western Roman Empire and subsequent overtaking of Rome and Italy in general by King Odoacer.
St Felix IIIFELIX Tertius
St Felix IIIFELIX Tertius
Pontiffnumber
48
Pontificate
13 March 483 –1 March 492(8 years, 354 days)
Name: English· Latin
St Felix IIIFELIX Tertius
Date and place of birth
Rome, Italy, Western Roman Empire
Notes
Roman citizen, later a subject of the Kingdom of Italy. Feast day 1 March. Sometimes called Felix II. Great-great-grandfather of Gregory I.
St Gelasius IGELASIVS
St Gelasius IGELASIVS
Pontiffnumber
49
Pontificate
1 March 492 –21 November 496(4 years, 265 days)
Name: English· Latin
St Gelasius IGELASIVS
Date and place of birth
Mons Ferratus, Africa, Western Roman Empire
Notes
Roman citizen of Berber descent, later a subject of the (Ostrogothic) Kingdom of Italy; last pope to have been born on the continent of Africa. Feast day 21 November. First pope called the Vicarius Christi (Vicar of Christ).
Anastasius IIANASTASIVS Secundus
Anastasius IIANASTASIVS Secundus
Pontiffnumber
50
Pontificate
24 November 496 –19 November 498(1 year, 360 days)
Name: English· Latin
Anastasius IIANASTASIVS Secundus
Date and place of birth
Rome, Italy, Western Roman Empire
Notes
Roman citizen of Greek descent, later a subject of the (Ostrogothic) Kingdom of Italy. Tried to end the Acacian schism, but it resulted in the Laurentian schism. Earliest pope not canonized by either the Latin Church or the Eastern Church.
St SymmachusSYMMACHVS
St SymmachusSYMMACHVS
Pontiffnumber
51
Pontificate
22 November 498 –19 July 514(15 years, 239 days)
Name: English· Latin
St SymmachusSYMMACHVS
Date and place of birth
Sardinia, Italy, Western Roman Empire
Notes
Roman citizen, later a subject of the (Ostrogothic) Kingdom of Italy. Feast day 19 July.
LaurentiusLAVRENTIVS
LaurentiusLAVRENTIVS
Pontiffnumber
—
Pontificate
22 November 498 –Aug 506/8(7 years, 252 days)
Name: English· Latin
LaurentiusLAVRENTIVS
Date and place of birth
Rome, Italy, Western Roman Empire
Notes
Roman citizen, later a subject of the (Ostrogothic) Kingdom of Italy. In opposition to Symmachus. Elected on the same day as Symachus, King Theodoric settled in favour of his adversary. Took control of Rome in 501 and remained pope in fact until he died in 506/08.
Pontiffnumber
Pontificate
Name: English· Latin
Date and place of birth
Age at start/end
Notes
40
21 December 401 –12 March 417(15 years, 81 days)
St Innocent IINNOCENTIVS
Albanum, Latium et Campania, Roman Empire
Roman citizen. Feast day 12 March. Rome was sacked by the Visigoths under King Alaric I (410).
41
18 March 417 –26 December 418(1 year, 283 days)
St ZosimusZOSIMVS
Messurga, Lucania et Bruttii, Roman Empire
Roman citizen of Greek descent. Feast day 27 December.
—
27 December 418 –3 April 419(97 days)
EulaliusEVLALIVS
Rome, Italy, Roman Empire
Roman citizen. In opposition to Boniface I. Elected on the eve of the election of Boniface, first benefited from the support of Emperor Honorius but lost it quickly. Exiled to Campania and died in 423.
42
28 December 418 –4 September 422(3 years, 250 days)
St Boniface IBONIFACIVS
Rome, Italy, Roman Empire
Roman citizen. Feast day 25 October.
43
10 September 422 –27 July 432(9 years, 321 days)
St Celestine ICOELESTINVS
Campania, Roman Empire
Roman citizen. Feast day 27 July. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 8 April. Pope during the Council of Ephesus (431), the third ecumenical council recognized by the Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, and Oriental Orthodox churches.
44
31 July 432 –18 August 440(8 years, 18 days)
St Sixtus IIIXYSTVS Tertius
Rome, Italy, Roman Empire
Roman citizen. Feast day 28 March.
45
29 September 440 –10 November 461(21 years, 42 days)
St Leo I"the Great"LEO MAGNVS
Etruria, Italy, Roman Empire
Roman citizen. Feast day 10 November. Convinced Attila the Hun to turn back his invasion of Italy. Convinced the Vandals to spare the lives of the citizenry of Rome during their sack of the city. Wrote the Tome, which was instrumental in the Council of Chalcedon (451) and in defining the hypostatic union. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 18 February.
46
19 November 461 –29 February 468(6 years, 102 days)
St HilariusHILARIVS
Sardinia, Italy, Western Roman Empire
Roman citizen. Feast day 28 February.
47
3 March 468 –10 March 483(15 years, 7 days)
St SimpliciusSIMPLICIVS
Tibur, Italy, Western Roman Empire
Roman citizen, later a subject of the Kingdom of Italy. Feast day 10 March. Pope during the collapse of the Western Roman Empire and subsequent overtaking of Rome and Italy in general by King Odoacer.
48
13 March 483 –1 March 492(8 years, 354 days)
St Felix IIIFELIX Tertius
Rome, Italy, Western Roman Empire
Roman citizen, later a subject of the Kingdom of Italy. Feast day 1 March. Sometimes called Felix II. Great-great-grandfather of Gregory I.
49
1 March 492 –21 November 496(4 years, 265 days)
St Gelasius IGELASIVS
Mons Ferratus, Africa, Western Roman Empire
Roman citizen of Berber descent, later a subject of the (Ostrogothic) Kingdom of Italy; last pope to have been born on the continent of Africa. Feast day 21 November. First pope called the Vicarius Christi (Vicar of Christ).
50
24 November 496 –19 November 498(1 year, 360 days)
Anastasius IIANASTASIVS Secundus
Rome, Italy, Western Roman Empire
Roman citizen of Greek descent, later a subject of the (Ostrogothic) Kingdom of Italy. Tried to end the Acacian schism, but it resulted in the Laurentian schism. Earliest pope not canonized by either the Latin Church or the Eastern Church.
51
22 November 498 –19 July 514(15 years, 239 days)
St SymmachusSYMMACHVS
Sardinia, Italy, Western Roman Empire
Roman citizen, later a subject of the (Ostrogothic) Kingdom of Italy. Feast day 19 July.
—
22 November 498 –Aug 506/8(7 years, 252 days)
LaurentiusLAVRENTIVS
Rome, Italy, Western Roman Empire
Roman citizen, later a subject of the (Ostrogothic) Kingdom of Italy. In opposition to Symmachus. Elected on the same day as Symachus, King Theodoric settled in favour of his adversary. Took control of Rome in 501 and remained pope in fact until he died in 506/08.
Popes of the 6th century
St HormisdasHORMISDAS
St HormisdasHORMISDAS
Pontiffnumber
52
Pontificate
20 July 514 –6 August 523(9 years, 17 days)
Name: English· Latin
St HormisdasHORMISDAS
Personal name
Hormisdas
Date and place of birth
c. 450 Frusino, Italy, Western Roman Empire
Age at start/end of papacy
64 / 73
Notes
Roman citizen, later a subject of the (Ostrogothic) Kingdom of Italy. Feast day 6 August. Father of Silverius. Acacian schism.
St John IIOANNES
St John IIOANNES
Pontiffnumber
53
Pontificate
13 August 523 –18 May 526(2 years, 278 days)
Name: English· Latin
St John IIOANNES
Personal name
Ioannes
Date and place of birth
Sena Iulia, Italy, Western Roman Empire
Notes
Roman citizen, later a subject of the (Ostrogothic) Kingdom of Italy. Feast day 18 May.
St Felix IVFELIX Quartus
St Felix IVFELIX Quartus
Pontiffnumber
54
Pontificate
12 July 526 –22 September 530(4 years, 72 days)
Name: English· Latin
St Felix IVFELIX Quartus
Personal name
Felix
Date and place of birth
c. 490 Samnium, Odoacer's Kingdom of Italy
Age at start/end of papacy
36 / 40
Notes
Subject of the (Ostrogothic) Kingdom of Italy of Roman descent. Feast day 30 January. Sometimes called Felix III. Built Santi Cosma e Damiano.
Boniface IIBONIFACIVS Secundus
Boniface IIBONIFACIVS Secundus
Pontiffnumber
55
Pontificate
22 September 530 –17 October 532(2 years, 25 days)
Name: English· Latin
Boniface IIBONIFACIVS Secundus
Personal name
Bonifacius
Date and place of birth
Odoacer's Kingdom of Italy
Notes
Ostrogoth; first Germanic pope. Subject of the (Ostrogothic) Kingdom of Italy. Changed the method of numbering the years in the Julian calendar from Anno Martyrum to Anno Domini.
DioscorusDIOSCORVS
DioscorusDIOSCORVS
Pontiffnumber
—
Pontificate
22 September 530 –14 October 530(22 days)
Name: English· Latin
DioscorusDIOSCORVS
Personal name
Dioscorus
Date and place of birth
Alexandria, Aegyptus, Eastern Roman Empire
Notes
(Eastern) Roman citizen of Greek descent. In opposition to Boniface II. Candidate of the Byzantine party, elected by the majority of the cardinals and recognized by Constantinople, died less than a month after his election.
John IIIOANNES Secundus
John IIIOANNES Secundus
Pontiffnumber
56
Pontificate
2 January 533 –8 May 535(2 years, 126 days)
Name: English· Latin
John IIIOANNES Secundus
Personal name
Mercurius
Date and place of birth
c. 475 Rome, Western Roman Empire
Age at start/end of papacy
58 / 60
Notes
Roman citizen, later a subject of the (Ostrogothic) Kingdom of Italy. First pope not to use his personal name (Mercurius), as it was associated with the Roman god Mercury.
St Agapetus IAGAPITVS
St Agapetus IAGAPITVS
Pontiffnumber
57
Pontificate
13 May 535 –22 April 536(356 days)
Name: English· Latin
St Agapetus IAGAPITVS
Personal name
Agapetus
Date and place of birth
c. 490 Rome, Odoacer's Kingdom of Italy
Age at start/end of papacy
45 / 46
Notes
Subject of the (Ostrogothic) Kingdom of Italy of Roman descent. Feast days 22 April and 20 September. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 17 April.
St SilveriusSILVERIVS
St SilveriusSILVERIVS
Pontiffnumber
58
Pontificate
8 June 536 –11 March 537(276 days)
Name: English· Latin
St SilveriusSILVERIVS
Personal name
Silverius
Date and place of birth
Cicanum, Ostrogothic Kingdom of Italy
Notes
Subject of the (Ostrogothic) Kingdom of Italy of Roman descent. Exiled; feast day 20 June. Son of Hormisdas.
VigiliusVIGILIVS
VigiliusVIGILIVS
Pontiffnumber
59
Pontificate
29 March 537 –7 June 555(18 years, 70 days)
Name: English· Latin
VigiliusVIGILIVS
Personal name
Vigilius
Date and place of birth
c. 497 Rome, Odoacer's Kingdom of Italy
Age at start/end of papacy
40 / 58
Notes
Subject of the (Ostrogothic) Kingdom of Italy, later a (Eastern) Roman citizen. Was of Roman ethnicity. Pope during the Second Council of Constantinople (553), the fifth ecumenical council recognized by the Catholic and Eastern Orthodox churches.
Pelagius IPELAGIVS
Pelagius IPELAGIVS
Pontiffnumber
60
Pontificate
16 April 556 –4 March 561(4 years, 322 days)
Name: English· Latin
Pelagius IPELAGIVS
Personal name
Pelagius
Date and place of birth
c. 500 Rome, Ostrogothic Kingdom of Italy
Age at start/end of papacy
56 / 61
Notes
Subject of the (Ostrogothic) Kingdom of Italy, later a (Eastern) Roman citizen. Was of Roman ethnicity. Credited with the construction of the basilica of Santi Apostoli.
John IIIIOANNES Tertius
John IIIIOANNES Tertius
Pontiffnumber
61
Pontificate
17 July 561 –13 July 574(12 years, 361 days)
Name: English· Latin
John IIIIOANNES Tertius
Personal name
Catelinus
Date and place of birth
Rome, Ostrogothic Kingdom of Italy
Notes
Subject of the (Ostrogothic) Kingdom of Italy, later a (Eastern) Roman citizen. Was of Roman ethnicity. Second pope not to use his personal name (Catelinus).
Benedict IBENEDICTVS
Benedict IBENEDICTVS
Pontiffnumber
62
Pontificate
2 June 575 –30 July 579(4 years, 58 days)
Name: English· Latin
Benedict IBENEDICTVS
Personal name
Benedictus
Date and place of birth
Rome, Ostrogothic Kingdom of Italy
Notes
Subject of the (Ostrogothic) Kingdom of Italy, later a (Eastern) Roman citizen. Was of Roman ethnicity.
Pelagius IIPELAGIVS Secundus
Pelagius IIPELAGIVS Secundus
Pontiffnumber
63
Pontificate
26 November 579 –7 February 590(10 years, 73 days)
Name: English· Latin
Pelagius IIPELAGIVS Secundus
Personal name
Pelagius
Date and place of birth
Rome, Ostrogothic Kingdom of Italy
Notes
Romanized Ostrogoth. Subject of the (Ostrogothic) Kingdom of Italy, later a (Eastern) Roman citizen. Ordered the construction of the Basilica di San Lorenzo fuori le Mura.
St Gregory I"the Great"GREGORIVS MAGNVS
St Gregory I"the Great"GREGORIVS MAGNVS
Pontiffnumber
64
Pontificate
3 September 590 –12 March 604(13 years, 191 days)
Name: English· Latin
St Gregory I"the Great"GREGORIVS MAGNVS
Personal name
Gregorius
Date and place of birth
c. 540 Rome, Eastern Roman Empire
Age at start/end of papacy
50 / 64
Notes
Subject of the (Ostrogothic) Kingdom of Italy, later a (Eastern) Roman citizen. Was of Roman ethnicity. Feast day 3 September. Great-great-grandson of Felix III. First pope to employ the titles Pontifex Maximus and Servus servorum Dei formally. Established the Gregorian chant. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 12 March. Known as "the Father of Christian Worship". Known as "St. Gregory the Dialogist" in Eastern Orthodoxy.
Pontiffnumber
Pontificate
Portrait
Name: English· Latin
Personal name
Date and place of birth
Age at start/end of papacy
Notes
52
20 July 514 –6 August 523(9 years, 17 days)
St HormisdasHORMISDAS
Hormisdas
c. 450 Frusino, Italy, Western Roman Empire
64 / 73
Roman citizen, later a subject of the (Ostrogothic) Kingdom of Italy. Feast day 6 August. Father of Silverius. Acacian schism.
53
13 August 523 –18 May 526(2 years, 278 days)
St John IIOANNES
Ioannes
Sena Iulia, Italy, Western Roman Empire
Roman citizen, later a subject of the (Ostrogothic) Kingdom of Italy. Feast day 18 May.
54
12 July 526 –22 September 530(4 years, 72 days)
St Felix IVFELIX Quartus
Felix
c. 490 Samnium, Odoacer's Kingdom of Italy
36 / 40
Subject of the (Ostrogothic) Kingdom of Italy of Roman descent. Feast day 30 January. Sometimes called Felix III. Built Santi Cosma e Damiano.
55
22 September 530 –17 October 532(2 years, 25 days)
Boniface IIBONIFACIVS Secundus
Bonifacius
Odoacer's Kingdom of Italy
Ostrogoth; first Germanic pope. Subject of the (Ostrogothic) Kingdom of Italy. Changed the method of numbering the years in the Julian calendar from Anno Martyrum to Anno Domini.
—
22 September 530 –14 October 530(22 days)
DioscorusDIOSCORVS
Dioscorus
Alexandria, Aegyptus, Eastern Roman Empire
(Eastern) Roman citizen of Greek descent. In opposition to Boniface II. Candidate of the Byzantine party, elected by the majority of the cardinals and recognized by Constantinople, died less than a month after his election.
56
2 January 533 –8 May 535(2 years, 126 days)
John IIIOANNES Secundus
Mercurius
c. 475 Rome, Western Roman Empire
58 / 60
Roman citizen, later a subject of the (Ostrogothic) Kingdom of Italy. First pope not to use his personal name (Mercurius), as it was associated with the Roman god Mercury.
57
13 May 535 –22 April 536(356 days)
St Agapetus IAGAPITVS
Agapetus
c. 490 Rome, Odoacer's Kingdom of Italy
45 / 46
Subject of the (Ostrogothic) Kingdom of Italy of Roman descent. Feast days 22 April and 20 September. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 17 April.
58
8 June 536 –11 March 537(276 days)
St SilveriusSILVERIVS
Silverius
Cicanum, Ostrogothic Kingdom of Italy
Subject of the (Ostrogothic) Kingdom of Italy of Roman descent. Exiled; feast day 20 June. Son of Hormisdas.
59
29 March 537 –7 June 555(18 years, 70 days)
VigiliusVIGILIVS
Vigilius
c. 497 Rome, Odoacer's Kingdom of Italy
40 / 58
Subject of the (Ostrogothic) Kingdom of Italy, later a (Eastern) Roman citizen. Was of Roman ethnicity. Pope during the Second Council of Constantinople (553), the fifth ecumenical council recognized by the Catholic and Eastern Orthodox churches.
60
16 April 556 –4 March 561(4 years, 322 days)
Pelagius IPELAGIVS
Pelagius
c. 500 Rome, Ostrogothic Kingdom of Italy
56 / 61
Subject of the (Ostrogothic) Kingdom of Italy, later a (Eastern) Roman citizen. Was of Roman ethnicity. Credited with the construction of the basilica of Santi Apostoli.
61
17 July 561 –13 July 574(12 years, 361 days)
John IIIIOANNES Tertius
Catelinus
Rome, Ostrogothic Kingdom of Italy
Subject of the (Ostrogothic) Kingdom of Italy, later a (Eastern) Roman citizen. Was of Roman ethnicity. Second pope not to use his personal name (Catelinus).
62
2 June 575 –30 July 579(4 years, 58 days)
Benedict IBENEDICTVS
Benedictus
Rome, Ostrogothic Kingdom of Italy
Subject of the (Ostrogothic) Kingdom of Italy, later a (Eastern) Roman citizen. Was of Roman ethnicity.
63
26 November 579 –7 February 590(10 years, 73 days)
Pelagius IIPELAGIVS Secundus
Pelagius
Rome, Ostrogothic Kingdom of Italy
Romanized Ostrogoth. Subject of the (Ostrogothic) Kingdom of Italy, later a (Eastern) Roman citizen. Ordered the construction of the Basilica di San Lorenzo fuori le Mura.
64
3 September 590 –12 March 604(13 years, 191 days)
St Gregory I"the Great"GREGORIVS MAGNVS
Gregorius
c. 540 Rome, Eastern Roman Empire
50 / 64
Subject of the (Ostrogothic) Kingdom of Italy, later a (Eastern) Roman citizen. Was of Roman ethnicity. Feast day 3 September. Great-great-grandson of Felix III. First pope to employ the titles Pontifex Maximus and Servus servorum Dei formally. Established the Gregorian chant. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 12 March. Known as "the Father of Christian Worship". Known as "St. Gregory the Dialogist" in Eastern Orthodoxy.
Popes of the 7th century
SabinianSABINIANVS
SabinianSABINIANVS
Pontiffnumber
65
Pontificate
13 September 604 –22 February 606(1 year, 162 days)
Name: English· Latin
SabinianSABINIANVS
Personal name
Sabinianus
Date and place of birth
c. 530 Blera, Eastern Roman Empire
Age at start/end of papacy
74 / 76
Notes
Subject of the (Ostrogothic) Kingdom of Italy, later a (Eastern) Roman citizen. Was of Roman ethnicity. For the next two centuries, the Roman popes were all controlled by the (Eastern) Roman Empire.
Boniface IIIBONIFACIVS Tertius
Boniface IIIBONIFACIVS Tertius
Pontiffnumber
66
Pontificate
19 February 607 –12 November 607(266 days)
Name: English· Latin
Boniface IIIBONIFACIVS Tertius
Personal name
Bonifacius
Date and place of birth
Rome, Eastern Roman Empire
Notes
Subject of the (Ostrogothic) Kingdom of Italy, later a (Eastern) Roman citizen. Was of Greek descent.
St Boniface IVBONIFACIVS Quartus
St Boniface IVBONIFACIVS Quartus
Pontiffnumber
67
Pontificate
15 September 608 –8 May 615(6 years, 235 days)
Name: English· Latin
St Boniface IVBONIFACIVS Quartus
Personal name
Bonifacius, O.S.B.
Date and place of birth
c. 550 Marsica, Eastern Roman Empire
Age at start/end of papacy
58 / 65
Notes
Subject of the (Ostrogothic) Kingdom of Italy, later a (Eastern) Roman citizen. Was of Roman ethnicity. Feast day 8 May. Member of the Order of Saint Benedict. First pope to bear the same name as his immediate predecessor.
St Adeodatus IADEODATVS
St Adeodatus IADEODATVS
Pontiffnumber
68
Pontificate
13 November 615 –8 November 618(2 years, 360 days)
Name: English· Latin
St Adeodatus IADEODATVS
Personal name
Adeodatus (or Deusdedit)
Date and place of birth
Rome, Eastern Roman Empire
Notes
(Eastern) Roman citizen. Was of Roman ethnicity. Feast day 8 November. Sometimes called Deusdedit. First pope to use lead seals on papal documents, which in time came to be called papal bulls.
Boniface VBONIFACIVS Quintus
Boniface VBONIFACIVS Quintus
Pontiffnumber
69
Pontificate
23 December 619 –25 October 625(5 years, 306 days)
Name: English· Latin
Boniface VBONIFACIVS Quintus
Personal name
Bonifacius
Date and place of birth
Neapolis, Eastern Roman Empire
Notes
(Eastern) Roman citizen. Was of Roman ethnicity.
Honorius IHONORIVS
Honorius IHONORIVS
Pontiffnumber
70
Pontificate
27 October 625 –12 October 638(12 years, 350 days)
Name: English· Latin
Honorius IHONORIVS
Personal name
Honorius
Date and place of birth
Ceperanum, Campania, Eastern Roman Empire
Notes
(Eastern) Roman citizen. Was of Roman ethnicity. Named a heretic and anathematized by the Third Council of Constantinople (680).
SeverinusSEVERINVS
SeverinusSEVERINVS
Pontiffnumber
71
Pontificate
28 May 640 –2 August 640(66 days)
Name: English· Latin
SeverinusSEVERINVS
Personal name
Severinus
Date and place of birth
c. 585 Rome, Eastern Roman Empire
Age at start/end of papacy
55 / 55
Notes
(Eastern) Roman citizen. Was of Roman ethnicity.
John IVIOANNES Quartus
John IVIOANNES Quartus
Pontiffnumber
72
Pontificate
24 December 640 –12 October 642(1 year, 292 days)
Name: English· Latin
John IVIOANNES Quartus
Personal name
Ioannes
Date and place of birth
c. 585 Iadera, Dalmatia, Eastern Roman Empire
Age at start/end of papacy
53 / 55
Notes
(Eastern) Roman citizen. Was of Roman ethnicity.
Theodore ITHEODORVS
Theodore ITHEODORVS
Pontiffnumber
73
Pontificate
24 November 642 –14 May 649(6 years, 171 days)
Name: English· Latin
Theodore ITHEODORVS
Personal name
Theodorus
Date and place of birth
Hierosolyma, Eastern Roman Empire
Notes
(Eastern) Roman citizen. Was of Greek ethnicity. Last pope from Palestine. Planned the Lateran Council of 649 but died before it could open.
St Martin IMARTINVS
St Martin IMARTINVS
Pontiffnumber
74
Pontificate
5 July 649 –16 September 655(6 years, 73 days)
Name: English· Latin
St Martin IMARTINVS
Personal name
Martinus
Date and place of birth
c. 598 Near Tuder, Umbria, Eastern Roman Empire
Age at start/end of papacy
51 / 57
Notes
(Eastern) Roman citizen. Was of Roman ethnicity. Last pope recognized as a martyr; feast day 12 November. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 14 April.
St Eugene IEVGENIVS
St Eugene IEVGENIVS
Pontiffnumber
75
Pontificate
10 August 654 –2 June 657(2 years, 296 days)
Name: English· Latin
St Eugene IEVGENIVS
Personal name
Eugenius
Date and place of birth
c. 615 Rome, Exarchate of Ravenna, Eastern Roman Empire
Age at start/end of papacy
39 / 42
Notes
(Eastern) Roman citizen. Was of Roman ethnicity. Feast day 2 June.
St VitalianVITALIANVS
St VitalianVITALIANVS
Pontiffnumber
76
Pontificate
30 July 657 –27 January 672(14 years, 181 days)
Name: English· Latin
St VitalianVITALIANVS
Personal name
Vitalianus
Date and place of birth
c. 600 Signia, Exarchate of Ravenna, Eastern Roman Empire
Age at start/end of papacy
56 / 71
Notes
(Eastern) Roman citizen. Was of Roman ethnicity. Feast day 27 January.
Adeodatus IIADEODATVS Secundus
Adeodatus IIADEODATVS Secundus
Pontiffnumber
77
Pontificate
11 April 672 –17 June 676(4 years, 67 days)
Name: English· Latin
Adeodatus IIADEODATVS Secundus
Personal name
Adeodatus, O.S.B.
Date and place of birth
c. 621 Rome, Exarchate of Ravenna, Eastern Roman Empire
Age at start/end of papacy
51 / 55
Notes
(Eastern) Roman citizen. Was of Roman ethnicity. Member of the Order of Saint Benedict. Sometimes called Adeodatus, without a number, in reference to Adeodatus I sometimes being called Deusdedit.
DonusDONVS
DonusDONVS
Pontiffnumber
78
Pontificate
2 November 676 –11 April 678(1 year, 160 days)
Name: English· Latin
DonusDONVS
Personal name
Donus
Date and place of birth
Rome, Exarchate of Ravenna, Eastern Roman Empire
Notes
(Eastern) Roman citizen. Was of Roman ethnicity.
St AgathoAGATHO
St AgathoAGATHO
Pontiffnumber
79
Pontificate
27 June 678 –10 January 681(2 years, 197 days)
Name: English· Latin
St AgathoAGATHO
Personal name
Agatho
Date and place of birth
c. 577 Panormus, Sicily, Eastern Roman Empire
Age at start/end of papacy
101 / 104
Notes
(Eastern) Roman citizen. Was of Greek ethnicity. Feast day 10 January. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 20 February. Pope during the Third Council of Constantinople (680), the sixth ecumenical council accepted by the Catholic and Eastern Orthodox churches.
St Leo IILEO Secundus
St Leo IILEO Secundus
Pontiffnumber
80
Pontificate
17 August 682 –3 July 683(320 days)
Name: English· Latin
St Leo IILEO Secundus
Personal name
Leo
Date and place of birth
c. 611 Aydonum, Sicily, Eastern Roman Empire
Age at start/end of papacy
71 / 72
Notes
(Eastern) Roman citizen. Was of Greek ethnicity. Feast day 3 July.
St Benedict IIBENEDICTVS Secundus
St Benedict IIBENEDICTVS Secundus
Pontiffnumber
81
Pontificate
26 June 684 –8 May 685(316 days)
Name: English· Latin
St Benedict IIBENEDICTVS Secundus
Personal name
Benedictus
Date and place of birth
c. 635 Rome, Exarchate of Ravenna, Eastern Roman Empire
Age at start/end of papacy
49 / 50
Notes
(Eastern) Roman citizen. Was of Roman ethnicity. Feast day 7 May.
John VIOANNES Quintus
John VIOANNES Quintus
Pontiffnumber
82
Pontificate
23 July 685 –2 August 686(1 year, 10 days)
Name: English· Latin
John VIOANNES Quintus
Personal name
Ioannes
Date and place of birth
c. 635 Antiochia, Syria, Eastern Roman Empire
Age at start/end of papacy
50 / 51
Notes
(Eastern) Roman citizen. Was of Greek ethnicity.
CononCONON
CononCONON
Pontiffnumber
83
Pontificate
21 October 686 –21 September 687(335 days)
Name: English· Latin
CononCONON
Personal name
Conon
Date and place of birth
c. 630 Thracia, Eastern Roman Empire
Age at start/end of papacy
56 / 57
Notes
(Eastern) Roman citizen. Was of Greek ethnicity.
St Sergius ISERGIVS
St Sergius ISERGIVS
Pontiffnumber
84
Pontificate
15 December 687 –8 September 701(13 years, 267 days)
Name: English· Latin
St Sergius ISERGIVS
Personal name
Sergius
Date and place of birth
c. 650 Palermo, Sicily, Eastern Roman Empire
Age at start/end of papacy
37 / 51
Notes
(Eastern) Roman citizen. Was a Hellenized Syrian. Introduced the singing of the Lamb of God at Mass.
Pontiffnumber
Pontificate
Portrait
Name: English· Latin
Personal name
Date and place of birth
Age at start/end of papacy
Notes
65
13 September 604 –22 February 606(1 year, 162 days)
SabinianSABINIANVS
Sabinianus
c. 530 Blera, Eastern Roman Empire
74 / 76
Subject of the (Ostrogothic) Kingdom of Italy, later a (Eastern) Roman citizen. Was of Roman ethnicity. For the next two centuries, the Roman popes were all controlled by the (Eastern) Roman Empire.
66
19 February 607 –12 November 607(266 days)
Boniface IIIBONIFACIVS Tertius
Bonifacius
Rome, Eastern Roman Empire
Subject of the (Ostrogothic) Kingdom of Italy, later a (Eastern) Roman citizen. Was of Greek descent.
67
15 September 608 –8 May 615(6 years, 235 days)
St Boniface IVBONIFACIVS Quartus
Bonifacius, O.S.B.
c. 550 Marsica, Eastern Roman Empire
58 / 65
Subject of the (Ostrogothic) Kingdom of Italy, later a (Eastern) Roman citizen. Was of Roman ethnicity. Feast day 8 May. Member of the Order of Saint Benedict. First pope to bear the same name as his immediate predecessor.
68
13 November 615 –8 November 618(2 years, 360 days)
St Adeodatus IADEODATVS
Adeodatus (or Deusdedit)
Rome, Eastern Roman Empire
(Eastern) Roman citizen. Was of Roman ethnicity. Feast day 8 November. Sometimes called Deusdedit. First pope to use lead seals on papal documents, which in time came to be called papal bulls.
69
23 December 619 –25 October 625(5 years, 306 days)
Boniface VBONIFACIVS Quintus
Bonifacius
Neapolis, Eastern Roman Empire
(Eastern) Roman citizen. Was of Roman ethnicity.
70
27 October 625 –12 October 638(12 years, 350 days)
Honorius IHONORIVS
Honorius
Ceperanum, Campania, Eastern Roman Empire
(Eastern) Roman citizen. Was of Roman ethnicity. Named a heretic and anathematized by the Third Council of Constantinople (680).
71
28 May 640 –2 August 640(66 days)
SeverinusSEVERINVS
Severinus
c. 585 Rome, Eastern Roman Empire
55 / 55
(Eastern) Roman citizen. Was of Roman ethnicity.
72
24 December 640 –12 October 642(1 year, 292 days)
John IVIOANNES Quartus
Ioannes
c. 585 Iadera, Dalmatia, Eastern Roman Empire
53 / 55
(Eastern) Roman citizen. Was of Roman ethnicity.
73
24 November 642 –14 May 649(6 years, 171 days)
Theodore ITHEODORVS
Theodorus
Hierosolyma, Eastern Roman Empire
(Eastern) Roman citizen. Was of Greek ethnicity. Last pope from Palestine. Planned the Lateran Council of 649 but died before it could open.
74
5 July 649 –16 September 655(6 years, 73 days)
St Martin IMARTINVS
Martinus
c. 598 Near Tuder, Umbria, Eastern Roman Empire
51 / 57
(Eastern) Roman citizen. Was of Roman ethnicity. Last pope recognized as a martyr; feast day 12 November. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 14 April.
75
10 August 654 –2 June 657(2 years, 296 days)
St Eugene IEVGENIVS
Eugenius
c. 615 Rome, Exarchate of Ravenna, Eastern Roman Empire
39 / 42
(Eastern) Roman citizen. Was of Roman ethnicity. Feast day 2 June.
76
30 July 657 –27 January 672(14 years, 181 days)
St VitalianVITALIANVS
Vitalianus
c. 600 Signia, Exarchate of Ravenna, Eastern Roman Empire
56 / 71
(Eastern) Roman citizen. Was of Roman ethnicity. Feast day 27 January.
77
11 April 672 –17 June 676(4 years, 67 days)
Adeodatus IIADEODATVS Secundus
Adeodatus, O.S.B.
c. 621 Rome, Exarchate of Ravenna, Eastern Roman Empire
51 / 55
(Eastern) Roman citizen. Was of Roman ethnicity. Member of the Order of Saint Benedict. Sometimes called Adeodatus, without a number, in reference to Adeodatus I sometimes being called Deusdedit.
78
2 November 676 –11 April 678(1 year, 160 days)
DonusDONVS
Donus
Rome, Exarchate of Ravenna, Eastern Roman Empire
(Eastern) Roman citizen. Was of Roman ethnicity.
79
27 June 678 –10 January 681(2 years, 197 days)
St AgathoAGATHO
Agatho
c. 577 Panormus, Sicily, Eastern Roman Empire
101 / 104
(Eastern) Roman citizen. Was of Greek ethnicity. Feast day 10 January. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of 20 February. Pope during the Third Council of Constantinople (680), the sixth ecumenical council accepted by the Catholic and Eastern Orthodox churches.
80
17 August 682 –3 July 683(320 days)
St Leo IILEO Secundus
Leo
c. 611 Aydonum, Sicily, Eastern Roman Empire
71 / 72
(Eastern) Roman citizen. Was of Greek ethnicity. Feast day 3 July.
81
26 June 684 –8 May 685(316 days)
St Benedict IIBENEDICTVS Secundus
Benedictus
c. 635 Rome, Exarchate of Ravenna, Eastern Roman Empire
49 / 50
(Eastern) Roman citizen. Was of Roman ethnicity. Feast day 7 May.
82
23 July 685 –2 August 686(1 year, 10 days)
John VIOANNES Quintus
Ioannes
c. 635 Antiochia, Syria, Eastern Roman Empire
50 / 51
(Eastern) Roman citizen. Was of Greek ethnicity.
83
21 October 686 –21 September 687(335 days)
CononCONON
Conon
c. 630 Thracia, Eastern Roman Empire
56 / 57
(Eastern) Roman citizen. Was of Greek ethnicity.
84
15 December 687 –8 September 701(13 years, 267 days)
St Sergius ISERGIVS
Sergius
c. 650 Palermo, Sicily, Eastern Roman Empire
37 / 51
(Eastern) Roman citizen. Was a Hellenized Syrian. Introduced the singing of the Lamb of God at Mass.
Popes of the 8th century
John VIIOANNES Sextus
John VIIOANNES Sextus
Pontiffnumber
85
Pontificate
30 October 701 –11 January 705(3 years, 73 days)
Name: English· Latin
John VIIOANNES Sextus
Personal name
Ioannes
Date and place of birth
c. 655 Ephesus, Eastern Roman Empire
Age at start/end of papacy
46 / 50
Notes
(Eastern) Roman citizen. Was of Greek ethnicity. The only pope who came from Asia Minor.
John VIIIOANNES Septimus
John VIIIOANNES Septimus
Pontiffnumber
86
Pontificate
1 March 705 –18 October 707(2 years, 231 days)
Name: English· Latin
John VIIIOANNES Septimus
Personal name
Ioannes
Date and place of birth
c. 650 Rossanum, Calabria, Eastern Roman Empire
Age at start/end of papacy
55 / 57
Notes
(Eastern) Roman citizen. Was of Greek ethnicity. Second pope to bear the same name as his immediate predecessor.
SisinniusSISINNIVS
SisinniusSISINNIVS
Pontiffnumber
87
Pontificate
15 January 708 –4 February 708(20 days)
Name: English· Latin
SisinniusSISINNIVS
Personal name
Sisinnius
Date and place of birth
Syria, Rashidun Caliphate
Notes
Subject of the Rashidun Caliphate. Was of Syrian ethnicity.
ConstantineCONSTANTINVS
ConstantineCONSTANTINVS
Pontiffnumber
88
Pontificate
25 March 708 –9 April 715(7 years, 15 days)
Name: English· Latin
ConstantineCONSTANTINVS
Personal name
Constantinus
Date and place of birth
c. 664 Tyre, Jund al-Urdunn, Syria, Umayyad Caliphate
Age at start/end of papacy
44 / 51
Notes
Subject of the Umayyad Caliphate. Was of Syrian ethnicity. Last pope to visit Greece while in office until John Paul II in 2001.
St Gregory IIGREGORIVS Secundus
St Gregory IIGREGORIVS Secundus
Pontiffnumber
89
Pontificate
19 May 715 –11 February 731(15 years, 268 days)
Name: English· Latin
St Gregory IIGREGORIVS Secundus
Personal name
Gregorius
Date and place of birth
c. 669 Rome, Exarchate of Ravenna, Eastern Roman Empire
Age at start/end of papacy
46 / 62
Notes
(Eastern) Roman citizen. Was of Roman ethnicity. Feast day 11 February. Held the Synod of Rome (721).
St Gregory IIIGREGORIVS Tertius
St Gregory IIIGREGORIVS Tertius
Pontiffnumber
90
Pontificate
18 March 731 –28 November 741(10 years, 255 days)
Name: English· Latin
St Gregory IIIGREGORIVS Tertius
Personal name
Gregorius
Date and place of birth
Syria, Umayyad Caliphate
Notes
Subject of the Umayyad Caliphate; last pope from Syria. Third pope to come from a Muslim country. Last pope to have been born outside Europe until the election of Francis in 2013. Third pope to bear the same name as his immediate predecessor.
St ZacharyZACHARIAS
St ZacharyZACHARIAS
Pontiffnumber
91
Pontificate
3 December 741 –22 March 752(10 years, 110 days)
Name: English· Latin
St ZacharyZACHARIAS
Personal name
Zacharias
Date and place of birth
c. 679 Sancta Severina, Calabria, Eastern Roman Empire
Age at start/end of papacy
62 / 73
Notes
(Eastern) Roman citizen. Was of Greek ethnicity. Feast day 15 March. Built the church of Santa Maria sopra Minerva.
Stephen (II)STEPHANVS (Secundus)
Stephen (II)STEPHANVS (Secundus)
Pontiffnumber
—
Pontificate
23 March 752 –26 March 752(3 days)(Never took office as pope)
Name: English· Latin
Stephen (II)STEPHANVS (Secundus)
Personal name
Stephanus
Date and place of birth
Rome, Exarchate of Ravenna, Eastern Roman Empire
Notes
(Eastern) Roman citizen. Was of Roman ethnicity. Previously known as Stephen II. Died three days after his election, having never received episcopal consecration. Some lists still include him. The Vatican sanctioned his addition in the 16th century; removed in 1961. He is no longer considered a pope by the Catholic Church.
Stephen IISTEPHANVS Secundus
Stephen IISTEPHANVS Secundus
Pontiffnumber
92
Pontificate
26 March 752 –26 April 757(5 years, 31 days)
Name: English· Latin
Stephen IISTEPHANVS Secundus
Personal name
Stephanus
Date and place of birth
c. 714 Rome, Exarchate of Ravenna, Eastern Roman Empire
Age at start/end of papacy
38 / 43
Notes
(Eastern) Roman citizen, later the sovereign of the independent Papal States. Was of Roman ethnicity. Sometimes called Stephen III. The Donation of Pepin. Brother of Paul I.
St Paul IPAVLVS
St Paul IPAVLVS
Pontiffnumber
93
Pontificate
29 May 757 –28 June 767(10 years, 30 days)
Name: English· Latin
St Paul IPAVLVS
Personal name
Paulus
Date and place of birth
c. 700 Rome, Exarchate of Ravenna, Eastern Roman Empire
Age at start/end of papacy
57 / 67
Notes
(Eastern) Roman citizen, later the sovereign of the independent Papal States. Was of Roman ethnicity. Brother of Stephen II.
Stephen IIISTEPHANVS Tertius
Stephen IIISTEPHANVS Tertius
Pontiffnumber
94
Pontificate
7 August 768 –24 January 772(3 years, 170 days)
Name: English· Latin
Stephen IIISTEPHANVS Tertius
Personal name
Stephanus
Date and place of birth
c. 720 Syracuse, Sicily, Eastern Roman Empire
Age at start/end of papacy
48 / 52
Notes
(Eastern) Roman citizen, later the sovereign of the independent Papal States. Was of Greek ethnicity. Sometimes called Stephen IV. He summoned the Lateran Council of 769.
Adrian IHADRIANVS
Adrian IHADRIANVS
Pontiffnumber
95
Pontificate
1 February 772 –26 December 795(23 years, 328 days)
Name: English· Latin
Adrian IHADRIANVS
Personal name
Hadrianus
Date and place of birth
c. 700 Rome, Exarchate of Ravenna, Eastern Roman Empire
Age at start/end of papacy
72 / 95
Notes
(Eastern) Roman citizen, later the sovereign of the independent Papal States. Was of Roman ethnicity. Pope during the Second Council of Nicaea (787), the seventh ecumenical council accepted by the Catholic and Eastern Orthodox churches.
St Leo IIILEO Tertius
St Leo IIILEO Tertius
Pontiffnumber
96
Pontificate
26 December 795 –12 June 816(20 years, 169 days)
Name: English· Latin
St Leo IIILEO Tertius
Personal name
Leo
Date and place of birth
Rome, Exarchate of Ravenna, Eastern Roman Empire
Notes
(Eastern) Roman citizen, later the sovereign of the independent Papal States. Was of Roman ethnicity. Crowned Emperor Charlemagne on Christmas Day in 800, thereby initiating what would become the Holy Roman Empire, requiring the imprimatur of the pope for its rulers' legitimacy.
Pontiffnumber
Pontificate
Portrait
Name: English· Latin
Personal name
Date and place of birth
Age at start/end of papacy
Notes
85
30 October 701 –11 January 705(3 years, 73 days)
John VIIOANNES Sextus
Ioannes
c. 655 Ephesus, Eastern Roman Empire
46 / 50
(Eastern) Roman citizen. Was of Greek ethnicity. The only pope who came from Asia Minor.
86
1 March 705 –18 October 707(2 years, 231 days)
John VIIIOANNES Septimus
Ioannes
c. 650 Rossanum, Calabria, Eastern Roman Empire
55 / 57
(Eastern) Roman citizen. Was of Greek ethnicity. Second pope to bear the same name as his immediate predecessor.
87
15 January 708 –4 February 708(20 days)
SisinniusSISINNIVS
Sisinnius
Syria, Rashidun Caliphate
Subject of the Rashidun Caliphate. Was of Syrian ethnicity.
88
25 March 708 –9 April 715(7 years, 15 days)
ConstantineCONSTANTINVS
Constantinus
c. 664 Tyre, Jund al-Urdunn, Syria, Umayyad Caliphate
44 / 51
Subject of the Umayyad Caliphate. Was of Syrian ethnicity. Last pope to visit Greece while in office until John Paul II in 2001.
89
19 May 715 –11 February 731(15 years, 268 days)
St Gregory IIGREGORIVS Secundus
Gregorius
c. 669 Rome, Exarchate of Ravenna, Eastern Roman Empire
46 / 62
(Eastern) Roman citizen. Was of Roman ethnicity. Feast day 11 February. Held the Synod of Rome (721).
90
18 March 731 –28 November 741(10 years, 255 days)
St Gregory IIIGREGORIVS Tertius
Gregorius
Syria, Umayyad Caliphate
Subject of the Umayyad Caliphate; last pope from Syria. Third pope to come from a Muslim country. Last pope to have been born outside Europe until the election of Francis in 2013. Third pope to bear the same name as his immediate predecessor.
91
3 December 741 –22 March 752(10 years, 110 days)
St ZacharyZACHARIAS
Zacharias
c. 679 Sancta Severina, Calabria, Eastern Roman Empire
62 / 73
(Eastern) Roman citizen. Was of Greek ethnicity. Feast day 15 March. Built the church of Santa Maria sopra Minerva.
—
23 March 752 –26 March 752(3 days)(Never took office as pope)
Stephen (II)STEPHANVS (Secundus)
Stephanus
Rome, Exarchate of Ravenna, Eastern Roman Empire
(Eastern) Roman citizen. Was of Roman ethnicity. Previously known as Stephen II. Died three days after his election, having never received episcopal consecration. Some lists still include him. The Vatican sanctioned his addition in the 16th century; removed in 1961. He is no longer considered a pope by the Catholic Church.
92
26 March 752 –26 April 757(5 years, 31 days)
Stephen IISTEPHANVS Secundus
Stephanus
c. 714 Rome, Exarchate of Ravenna, Eastern Roman Empire
38 / 43
(Eastern) Roman citizen, later the sovereign of the independent Papal States. Was of Roman ethnicity. Sometimes called Stephen III. The Donation of Pepin. Brother of Paul I.
93
29 May 757 –28 June 767(10 years, 30 days)
St Paul IPAVLVS
Paulus
c. 700 Rome, Exarchate of Ravenna, Eastern Roman Empire
57 / 67
(Eastern) Roman citizen, later the sovereign of the independent Papal States. Was of Roman ethnicity. Brother of Stephen II.
94
7 August 768 –24 January 772(3 years, 170 days)
Stephen IIISTEPHANVS Tertius
Stephanus
c. 720 Syracuse, Sicily, Eastern Roman Empire
48 / 52
(Eastern) Roman citizen, later the sovereign of the independent Papal States. Was of Greek ethnicity. Sometimes called Stephen IV. He summoned the Lateran Council of 769.
95
1 February 772 –26 December 795(23 years, 328 days)
Adrian IHADRIANVS
Hadrianus
c. 700 Rome, Exarchate of Ravenna, Eastern Roman Empire
72 / 95
(Eastern) Roman citizen, later the sovereign of the independent Papal States. Was of Roman ethnicity. Pope during the Second Council of Nicaea (787), the seventh ecumenical council accepted by the Catholic and Eastern Orthodox churches.
96
26 December 795 –12 June 816(20 years, 169 days)
St Leo IIILEO Tertius
Leo
Rome, Exarchate of Ravenna, Eastern Roman Empire
(Eastern) Roman citizen, later the sovereign of the independent Papal States. Was of Roman ethnicity. Crowned Emperor Charlemagne on Christmas Day in 800, thereby initiating what would become the Holy Roman Empire, requiring the imprimatur of the pope for its rulers' legitimacy.
Popes of the 9th century
Stephen IVSTEPHANVS Quartus
Stephen IVSTEPHANVS Quartus
Pontiffnumber
97
Pontificate
22 June 816 –24 January 817(216 days)
Name: English· Latin
Stephen IVSTEPHANVS Quartus
Personal name
Stephanus
Date and place of birth
Rome, Papal States
Notes
First pope born in Rome after breaking away from the (Eastern) Roman Empire. Sometimes called Stephen V.
St Paschal IPASCHALIS
St Paschal IPASCHALIS
Pontiffnumber
98
Pontificate
25 January 817 –11 February 824(7 years, 17 days)
Name: English· Latin
St Paschal IPASCHALIS
Personal name
Paschalis
Date and place of birth
Rome, Papal States
Notes
Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Son of Bonosus and Theodora. Credited with finding the body of Saint Cecilia in the Catacomb of Callixtus and building the basilica of Santa Cecilia in Trastevere and the church of Santa Maria in Domnica.
Eugene IIEVGENIVS Secundus
Eugene IIEVGENIVS Secundus
Pontiffnumber
99
Pontificate
6 June 824 –27 August 827(3 years, 111 days)
Name: English· Latin
Eugene IIEVGENIVS Secundus
Personal name
Eugenius
Date and place of birth
Rome, Papal States
Notes
Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States.
ValentineVALENTINVS
ValentineVALENTINVS
Pontiffnumber
100
Pontificate
31 August 827 –10 October 827(40 days)
Name: English· Latin
ValentineVALENTINVS
Personal name
Valentinus
Date and place of birth
Rome, Papal States
Notes
Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States.
Gregory IVGREGORIVS Quartus
Gregory IVGREGORIVS Quartus
Pontiffnumber
101
Pontificate
20 December 827 –25 January 844(16 years, 36 days)
Name: English· Latin
Gregory IVGREGORIVS Quartus
Personal name
Gregorius
Date and place of birth
Rome, Papal States
Notes
Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Rebuilt the atrium of St. Peter's Basilica and in the newly decorated chapel. Transferred the body of Gregory I.
Sergius IISERGIVS Secundus
Sergius IISERGIVS Secundus
Pontiffnumber
102
Pontificate
25 January 844 –27 January 847(3 years, 2 days)
Name: English· Latin
Sergius IISERGIVS Secundus
Personal name
Sergius
Date and place of birth
Rome, Papal States
Notes
Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States.
St Leo IVLEO Quartus
St Leo IVLEO Quartus
Pontiffnumber
103
Pontificate
10 April 847 –17 July 855(8 years, 98 days)
Name: English· Latin
St Leo IVLEO Quartus
Personal name
Leo, O.S.B.
Date and place of birth
Rome, Papal States
Notes
Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Was of Lombard ethnicity. Member of the Order of Saint Benedict.
Benedict IIIBENEDICTVS Tertius
Benedict IIIBENEDICTVS Tertius
Pontiffnumber
104
Pontificate
29 September 855 –17 April 858(2 years, 200 days)
Name: English· Latin
Benedict IIIBENEDICTVS Tertius
Personal name
Benedictus
Date and place of birth
Rome, Papal States
Notes
Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States.
St Nicholas I"the Great"NICOLAVS MAGNVS
St Nicholas I"the Great"NICOLAVS MAGNVS
Pontiffnumber
105
Pontificate
24 April 858 –13 November 867(9 years, 203 days)
Name: English· Latin
St Nicholas I"the Great"NICOLAVS MAGNVS
Personal name
Nicolaus
Date and place of birth
c. 800 Rome, Papal States
Age at start/end of papacy
58 / 67
Notes
Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Feast day 13 November. Encouraged missionary activity.
Adrian IIHADRIANVS Secundus
Adrian IIHADRIANVS Secundus
Pontiffnumber
106
Pontificate
14 December 867 –14 December 872(5 years, 0 days)
Name: English· Latin
Adrian IIHADRIANVS Secundus
Personal name
Hadrianus
Date and place of birth
c. 792 Rome, Papal States
Age at start/end of papacy
75 / 80
Notes
Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Pope during the Fourth Council of Constantinople (869–870), the eighth ecumenical council of the Catholic Church.
John VIIIIOANNES Octavus
John VIIIIOANNES Octavus
Pontiffnumber
107
Pontificate
14 December 872 –16 December 882(10 years, 2 days)
Name: English· Latin
John VIIIIOANNES Octavus
Personal name
Ioannes
Date and place of birth
Rome, Papal States
Notes
Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. First pope to be assassinated.
Marinus IMARINVS
Marinus IMARINVS
Pontiffnumber
108
Pontificate
16 December 882 –15 May 884(1 year, 151 days)
Name: English· Latin
Marinus IMARINVS
Personal name
Marinus
Date and place of birth
c. 830 Gallese, Papal States
Age at start/end of papacy
52 / 54
Notes
Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Erroneously also known as Martin II.
St Adrian IIIHADRIANVS Tertius
St Adrian IIIHADRIANVS Tertius
Pontiffnumber
109
Pontificate
17 May 884 –8 July 885(1 year, 121 days)
Name: English· Latin
St Adrian IIIHADRIANVS Tertius
Personal name
Hadrianus
Date and place of birth
Rome, Papal States
Notes
Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Feast day 8 July. Adrian I was possibly his ancestor.
Stephen VSTEPHANVS Quintus
Stephen VSTEPHANVS Quintus
Pontiffnumber
110
Pontificate
September 885 –14 September 891(5 years, 355 days)
Name: English· Latin
Stephen VSTEPHANVS Quintus
Personal name
Stephanus
Date and place of birth
Rome, Papal States
Notes
Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Sometimes called Stephen VI.
FormosusFORMOSVS
FormosusFORMOSVS
Pontiffnumber
111
Pontificate
6 October 891 –4 April 896(4 years, 181 days)
Name: English· Latin
FormosusFORMOSVS
Personal name
Formosus
Date and place of birth
c. 816 Ostia, Papal States
Age at start/end of papacy
75 / 80
Notes
Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Posthumously tried and executed by Stephen VI in January 897 at the Cadaver Synod. His body was reburied with full Christian honours in the late 897.
Boniface VIBONIFATIVS Sextus
Boniface VIBONIFATIVS Sextus
Pontiffnumber
112
Pontificate
11 April 896 –26 April 896(15 days)
Name: English· Latin
Boniface VIBONIFATIVS Sextus
Personal name
Bonifatius
Date and place of birth
Rome, Papal States
Notes
Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States.
Stephen VISTEPHANVS
Stephen VISTEPHANVS
Pontiffnumber
113
Pontificate
22 May 896 –14 August 897(1 year, 84 days)
Name: English· Latin
Stephen VISTEPHANVS
Personal name
Stephanus
Date and place of birth
Rome, Papal States
Notes
Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Sometimes called Stephen VII. Held the infamous Cadaver Synod.
RomanusROMANVS
RomanusROMANVS
Pontiffnumber
114
Pontificate
14 August 897 –November 897(92 days)
Name: English· Latin
RomanusROMANVS
Personal name
Romanus
Date and place of birth
Gallese, Papal States
Notes
Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States.
Theodore IITHEODORVS Secundus
Theodore IITHEODORVS Secundus
Pontiffnumber
115
Pontificate
December 897 –20 December 897(19 days)
Name: English· Latin
Theodore IITHEODORVS Secundus
Personal name
Theodorus
Date and place of birth
c. 840 Rome, Papal States
Age at start/end of papacy
57 / 57
Notes
Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Was of Greek ethnicity.
John IXIOANNES Nonus
John IXIOANNES Nonus
Pontiffnumber
116
Pontificate
18 January 898 –5 January 900(1 year, 352 days)
Name: English· Latin
John IXIOANNES Nonus
Personal name
Ioannes, O.S.B.
Date and place of birth
c. 825 Tivoli, Papal States
Age at start/end of papacy
73 / 75
Notes
Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Was of Lombard ethnicity. Member of the Order of Saint Benedict.
Benedict IVBENEDICTVS Quartus
Benedict IVBENEDICTVS Quartus
Pontiffnumber
117
Pontificate
1 February 900 –30 July 903(3 years, 179 days)
Name: English· Latin
Benedict IVBENEDICTVS Quartus
Personal name
Benedictus
Date and place of birth
c. 840 Rome, Papal States
Age at start/end of papacy
60 / 63
Notes
Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States.
Pontiffnumber
Pontificate
Portrait
Name: English· Latin
Personal name
Date and place of birth
Age at start/end of papacy
Notes
97
22 June 816 –24 January 817(216 days)
Stephen IVSTEPHANVS Quartus
Stephanus
Rome, Papal States
First pope born in Rome after breaking away from the (Eastern) Roman Empire. Sometimes called Stephen V.
98
25 January 817 –11 February 824(7 years, 17 days)
St Paschal IPASCHALIS
Paschalis
Rome, Papal States
Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Son of Bonosus and Theodora. Credited with finding the body of Saint Cecilia in the Catacomb of Callixtus and building the basilica of Santa Cecilia in Trastevere and the church of Santa Maria in Domnica.
99
6 June 824 –27 August 827(3 years, 111 days)
Eugene IIEVGENIVS Secundus
Eugenius
Rome, Papal States
Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States.
100
31 August 827 –10 October 827(40 days)
ValentineVALENTINVS
Valentinus
Rome, Papal States
Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States.
101
20 December 827 –25 January 844(16 years, 36 days)
Gregory IVGREGORIVS Quartus
Gregorius
Rome, Papal States
Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Rebuilt the atrium of St. Peter's Basilica and in the newly decorated chapel. Transferred the body of Gregory I.
102
25 January 844 –27 January 847(3 years, 2 days)
Sergius IISERGIVS Secundus
Sergius
Rome, Papal States
Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States.
103
10 April 847 –17 July 855(8 years, 98 days)
St Leo IVLEO Quartus
Leo, O.S.B.
Rome, Papal States
Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Was of Lombard ethnicity. Member of the Order of Saint Benedict.
104
29 September 855 –17 April 858(2 years, 200 days)
Benedict IIIBENEDICTVS Tertius
Benedictus
Rome, Papal States
Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States.
105
24 April 858 –13 November 867(9 years, 203 days)
St Nicholas I"the Great"NICOLAVS MAGNVS
Nicolaus
c. 800 Rome, Papal States
58 / 67
Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Feast day 13 November. Encouraged missionary activity.
106
14 December 867 –14 December 872(5 years, 0 days)
Adrian IIHADRIANVS Secundus
Hadrianus
c. 792 Rome, Papal States
75 / 80
Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Pope during the Fourth Council of Constantinople (869–870), the eighth ecumenical council of the Catholic Church.
107
14 December 872 –16 December 882(10 years, 2 days)
John VIIIIOANNES Octavus
Ioannes
Rome, Papal States
Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. First pope to be assassinated.
108
16 December 882 –15 May 884(1 year, 151 days)
Marinus IMARINVS
Marinus
c. 830 Gallese, Papal States
52 / 54
Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Erroneously also known as Martin II.
109
17 May 884 –8 July 885(1 year, 121 days)
St Adrian IIIHADRIANVS Tertius
Hadrianus
Rome, Papal States
Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Feast day 8 July. Adrian I was possibly his ancestor.
110
September 885 –14 September 891(5 years, 355 days)
Stephen VSTEPHANVS Quintus
Stephanus
Rome, Papal States
Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Sometimes called Stephen VI.
111
6 October 891 –4 April 896(4 years, 181 days)
FormosusFORMOSVS
Formosus
c. 816 Ostia, Papal States
75 / 80
Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Posthumously tried and executed by Stephen VI in January 897 at the Cadaver Synod. His body was reburied with full Christian honours in the late 897.
112
11 April 896 –26 April 896(15 days)
Boniface VIBONIFATIVS Sextus
Bonifatius
Rome, Papal States
Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States.
113
22 May 896 –14 August 897(1 year, 84 days)
Stephen VISTEPHANVS
Stephanus
Rome, Papal States
Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Sometimes called Stephen VII. Held the infamous Cadaver Synod.
114
14 August 897 –November 897(92 days)
RomanusROMANVS
Romanus
Gallese, Papal States
Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States.
115
December 897 –20 December 897(19 days)
Theodore IITHEODORVS Secundus
Theodorus
c. 840 Rome, Papal States
57 / 57
Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Was of Greek ethnicity.
116
18 January 898 –5 January 900(1 year, 352 days)
John IXIOANNES Nonus
Ioannes, O.S.B.
c. 825 Tivoli, Papal States
73 / 75
Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Was of Lombard ethnicity. Member of the Order of Saint Benedict.
117
1 February 900 –30 July 903(3 years, 179 days)
Benedict IVBENEDICTVS Quartus
Benedictus
c. 840 Rome, Papal States
60 / 63
Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States.
Popes of the 10th century
Leo VLEO Quintus
Leo VLEO Quintus
Pontiffnumber
118
Pontificate
30 July 903 –December 903(124 days)
Name: English· Latin
Leo VLEO Quintus
Personal name
Leo
Date and place of birth
Ardea, Papal States
Notes
Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Deposed and murdered.
ChristopherCHRISTOFORVS
ChristopherCHRISTOFORVS
Pontiffnumber
—
Pontificate
October 903 – January 904(92 days)
Name: English· Latin
ChristopherCHRISTOFORVS
Personal name
Christoforus
Date and place of birth
Rome, Papal States
Notes
Subject and later the claimant of the throne of the Papal States. In opposition to Leo V.
Sergius IIISERGIVS Tertius
Sergius IIISERGIVS Tertius
Pontiffnumber
119
Pontificate
29 January 904 –14 April 911(7 years, 75 days)
Name: English· Latin
Sergius IIISERGIVS Tertius
Personal name
Sergius
Date and place of birth
c. 860 Rome, Papal States
Age at start/end of papacy
44 / 51
Notes
Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Saeculum obscurum began. First pope to be depicted with the papal tiara.
Anastasius IIIANASTASIVS Tertius
Anastasius IIIANASTASIVS Tertius
Pontiffnumber
120
Pontificate
14 April 911 –June 913(2 years, 48 days)
Name: English· Latin
Anastasius IIIANASTASIVS Tertius
Personal name
Anastasius
Date and place of birth
c. 865 Rome, Papal States
Age at start/end of papacy
46 / 48
Notes
Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States.
LandoLANDVS
LandoLANDVS
Pontiffnumber
121
Pontificate
7 July 913 –5 February 914(213 days)
Name: English· Latin
LandoLANDVS
Personal name
Lando
Date and place of birth
Sabina, Papal States
Notes
Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Last to use a new and non-composed regnal name until Francis (2013–2025).
John XIOANNES Decimus
John XIOANNES Decimus
Pontiffnumber
122
Pontificate
March 914 –28 May 928(14 years, 88 days)
Name: English· Latin
John XIOANNES Decimus
Personal name
Ioannes
Date and place of birth
Tossignano, Papal States
Notes
Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States.
Leo VILEO Sextus
Leo VILEO Sextus
Pontiffnumber
123
Pontificate
28 May 928 –February 929(249 days)
Name: English· Latin
Leo VILEO Sextus
Personal name
Leo
Date and place of birth
c. 880 Rome, Papal States
Age at start/end of papacy
48 / 40
Notes
Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States.
Stephen VIISTEPHANVS Septimus
Stephen VIISTEPHANVS Septimus
Pontiffnumber
124
Pontificate
3 February 929 –13 February 931(2 years, 10 days)
Name: English· Latin
Stephen VIISTEPHANVS Septimus
Personal name
Stephanus de Gabrielli
Date and place of birth
Rome, Papal States
Notes
Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Sometimes called Stephen VIII.
John XIIOANNES Undecimus
John XIIOANNES Undecimus
Pontiffnumber
125
Pontificate
15 March 931 –December 935(4 years, 261 days)
Name: English· Latin
John XIIOANNES Undecimus
Personal name
Ioannes
Date and place of birth
c. 910 Rome, Papal States
Age at start/end of papacy
21 / 25
Notes
Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Probably, according to the Liber Pontificalis and Liutprand of Cremona, the son of Sergius III, who was Marozia's husband, and not of Alberic I of Spoleto.
Leo VIILEO Septimus
Leo VIILEO Septimus
Pontiffnumber
126
Pontificate
3 January 936 –13 July 939(3 years, 191 days)
Name: English· Latin
Leo VIILEO Septimus
Personal name
Leo, O.S.B.
Date and place of birth
Rome, Papal States
Notes
Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Member of the Order of Saint Benedict.
Stephen VIIISTEPHANVS Octavus
Stephen VIIISTEPHANVS Octavus
Pontiffnumber
127
Pontificate
14 July 939 –30 October 942(3 years, 108 days)
Name: English· Latin
Stephen VIIISTEPHANVS Octavus
Personal name
Stephanus
Date and place of birth
Rome, Papal States
Notes
Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Sometimes called Stephen IX.
Marinus IIMARINVS Secundus
Marinus IIMARINVS Secundus
Pontiffnumber
128
Pontificate
30 October 942 –1 May 946(3 years, 183 days)
Name: English· Latin
Marinus IIMARINVS Secundus
Personal name
Marinus
Date and place of birth
Rome, Papal States
Notes
Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Erroneously also known as Martin III.
Agapetus IIAGAPITVS Secundus
Agapetus IIAGAPITVS Secundus
Pontiffnumber
129
Pontificate
10 May 946 –8 November 955(9 years, 182 days)
Name: English· Latin
Agapetus IIAGAPITVS Secundus
Personal name
Agapetus
Date and place of birth
c. 911 Rome, Papal States
Age at start/end of papacy
35 / 44
Notes
Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States.
John XIIIOANNES Duodecimus
John XIIIOANNES Duodecimus
Pontiffnumber
130
Pontificate
16 December 955 –6 December 963(7 years, 355 days)
Name: English· Latin
John XIIIOANNES Duodecimus
Personal name
Ottaviano
Date and place of birth
c. 930–37 Rome, Papal States
Age at start/end of papacy
18–25 / 26–33 (†27–34)
Notes
Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Third pope not to use his personal name (Ottaviano). Crowned Emperor Otto I in 962. Deposed in 963 by Emperor Otto I invalidly.
Leo VIIILEO Octavus
Leo VIIILEO Octavus
Pontiffnumber
—
Pontificate
6 December 963 –26 February 964(82 days)
Name: English· Latin
Leo VIIILEO Octavus
Personal name
Leo
Date and place of birth
c. 915 Rome, Papal States
Age at start/end of papacy
48 / 49 (†50)
Notes
Subject and later the claimant of the throne of the Papal States. Appointed antipope by Emperor Otto I in 963 in opposition to John XII and Benedict V. His pontificate from 963 to 964 is considered illegitimate by today's Catholic Church.
John XIIIOANNES Duodecimus
John XIIIOANNES Duodecimus
Pontiffnumber
130
Pontificate
26 February 964 –14 May 964(78 days)
Name: English· Latin
John XIIIOANNES Duodecimus
Personal name
Ottaviano
Date and place of birth
c. 930–37 Rome, Papal States
Age at start/end of papacy
27–34 / 27–34
Notes
Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Possibly murdered in 964. End of the Saeculum obscurum.
Benedict VBENEDICTVS Quintus
Benedict VBENEDICTVS Quintus
Pontiffnumber
131
Pontificate
22 May 964 –23 June 964(32 days)
Name: English· Latin
Benedict VBENEDICTVS Quintus
Personal name
Benedetto
Date and place of birth
Rome, Papal States
Notes
Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Elected by the people of Rome in opposition to Leo VIII, who was appointed by Emperor Otto I. Accepted his deposition in favour of Leo VIII in 964.
Leo VIIILEO Octavus
Leo VIIILEO Octavus
Pontiffnumber
132
Pontificate
23 June 964 –1 March 965(251 days)
Name: English· Latin
Leo VIIILEO Octavus
Personal name
Leo
Date and place of birth
c. 915 Rome, Papal States
Age at start/end of papacy
49 / 50
Notes
Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. His pontificate after the deposition of Benedict V is considered legitimate by today's Catholic Church.
John XIIIIOANNES Tertius Decimus
John XIIIIOANNES Tertius Decimus
Pontiffnumber
133
Pontificate
1 October 965 –6 September 972(6 years, 341 days)
Name: English· Latin
John XIIIIOANNES Tertius Decimus
Personal name
Giovanni dei Crescenzi
Date and place of birth
Rome, Papal States
Notes
Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Chronicled after his death as "the Good".
Benedict VIBENEDICTVS Sextus
Benedict VIBENEDICTVS Sextus
Pontiffnumber
134
Pontificate
19 January 973 –8 June 974(1 year, 140 days)
Name: English· Latin
Benedict VIBENEDICTVS Sextus
Personal name
Benedetto
Date and place of birth
Rome, Papal States
Notes
Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Was of Lombard ethnicity. Deposed and murdered.
Boniface VIIBONIFATIVS Septimus
Boniface VIIBONIFATIVS Septimus
Pontiffnumber
—
Pontificate
July 974 –July 974(30 days)
Name: English· Latin
Boniface VIIBONIFATIVS Septimus
Personal name
Francone Ferucci
Date and place of birth
Rome, Papal States
Notes
Subject and later the claimant of the throne of the Papal States, born Francone Ferucci. In opposition to Benedict VI and Benedict VII.
Benedict VIIBENEDICTVS Septimus
Benedict VIIBENEDICTVS Septimus
Pontiffnumber
135
Pontificate
October 974 –10 July 983(8 years, 282 days)
Name: English· Latin
Benedict VIIBENEDICTVS Septimus
Personal name
Benedetto
Date and place of birth
Rome, Papal States
Notes
Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States.
John XIVIOANNES Quartus Decimus
John XIVIOANNES Quartus Decimus
Pontiffnumber
136
Pontificate
December 983 –20 August 984(263 days)
Name: English· Latin
John XIVIOANNES Quartus Decimus
Personal name
Pietro Canepanova
Date and place of birth
Pavia, Kingdom of Italy
Notes
Subject of the Kingdom of Italy. Fourth pope not to use his personal name (Pietro Canepanova).
Boniface VIIBONIFATIVS Septimus
Boniface VIIBONIFATIVS Septimus
Pontiffnumber
—
Pontificate
20 August 984 –20 July 985(334 days)
Name: English· Latin
Boniface VIIBONIFATIVS Septimus
Personal name
Francone Ferucci
Date and place of birth
Rome, Papal States
Notes
Subject and later the claimant of the throne of the Papal States. In opposition to John XIV and John XV.
John XVIOANNES Quintus Decimus
John XVIOANNES Quintus Decimus
Pontiffnumber
137
Pontificate
20 August 985 –1 April 996(10 years, 225 days)
Name: English· Latin
John XVIOANNES Quintus Decimus
Personal name
Giovanni di Gallina Alba
Date and place of birth
Rome, Papal States
Notes
Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. First pope to formally canonize a saint.
Gregory VGREGORIVS Quintus
Gregory VGREGORIVS Quintus
Pontiffnumber
138
Pontificate
3 May 996 –18 February 999(2 years, 291 days)
Name: English· Latin
Gregory VGREGORIVS Quintus
Personal name
Bruno von Kärnten
Date and place of birth
c. 972 Stainach, Duchy of Carinthia
Age at start/end of papacy
24 / 27
Notes
Subject of the Duchy of Carinthia. First official German pope. Fifth pope not to use his personal name (Bruno). Henceforth, this decision became tradition among the future popes.
John XVIIOANNES Sextus Decimus
John XVIIOANNES Sextus Decimus
Pontiffnumber
—
Pontificate
April 997 –February 998(306 days)
Name: English· Latin
John XVIIOANNES Sextus Decimus
Personal name
Iōánnēs Philágathos, O.S.B.
Date and place of birth
c. 945 Rossanum, Calabria, Italy, Eastern Roman Empire
Age at start/end of papacy
52 / 53 (†56)
Notes
(Eastern) Roman citizen. In opposition to Gregory V.
Sylvester IISILVESTER Secundus
Sylvester IISILVESTER Secundus
Pontiffnumber
139
Pontificate
2 April 999 –12 May 1003(4 years, 40 days)
Name: English· Latin
Sylvester IISILVESTER Secundus
Personal name
Gerbert d'Aurillac, O.S.B.
Date and place of birth
c. 945 Belliac, Kingdom of the West Franks
Age at start/end of papacy
53 / 57
Notes
Subject of the Kingdom of the West Franks (later renamed Kingdom of France). First French (Occitan) pope. Member of the Order of Saint Benedict.
Pontiffnumber
Pontificate
Portrait
Name: English· Latin
Personal name
Date and place of birth
Age at start/end of papacy
Notes
118
30 July 903 –December 903(124 days)
Leo VLEO Quintus
Leo
Ardea, Papal States
Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Deposed and murdered.
—
October 903 – January 904(92 days)
ChristopherCHRISTOFORVS
Christoforus
Rome, Papal States
Subject and later the claimant of the throne of the Papal States. In opposition to Leo V.
119
29 January 904 –14 April 911(7 years, 75 days)
Sergius IIISERGIVS Tertius
Sergius
c. 860 Rome, Papal States
44 / 51
Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Saeculum obscurum began. First pope to be depicted with the papal tiara.
120
14 April 911 –June 913(2 years, 48 days)
Anastasius IIIANASTASIVS Tertius
Anastasius
c. 865 Rome, Papal States
46 / 48
Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States.
121
7 July 913 –5 February 914(213 days)
LandoLANDVS
Lando
Sabina, Papal States
Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Last to use a new and non-composed regnal name until Francis (2013–2025).
122
March 914 –28 May 928(14 years, 88 days)
John XIOANNES Decimus
Ioannes
Tossignano, Papal States
Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States.
123
28 May 928 –February 929(249 days)
Leo VILEO Sextus
Leo
c. 880 Rome, Papal States
48 / 40
Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States.
124
3 February 929 –13 February 931(2 years, 10 days)
Stephen VIISTEPHANVS Septimus
Stephanus de Gabrielli
Rome, Papal States
Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Sometimes called Stephen VIII.
125
15 March 931 –December 935(4 years, 261 days)
John XIIOANNES Undecimus
Ioannes
c. 910 Rome, Papal States
21 / 25
Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Probably, according to the Liber Pontificalis and Liutprand of Cremona, the son of Sergius III, who was Marozia's husband, and not of Alberic I of Spoleto.
126
3 January 936 –13 July 939(3 years, 191 days)
Leo VIILEO Septimus
Leo, O.S.B.
Rome, Papal States
Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Member of the Order of Saint Benedict.
127
14 July 939 –30 October 942(3 years, 108 days)
Stephen VIIISTEPHANVS Octavus
Stephanus
Rome, Papal States
Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Sometimes called Stephen IX.
128
30 October 942 –1 May 946(3 years, 183 days)
Marinus IIMARINVS Secundus
Marinus
Rome, Papal States
Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Erroneously also known as Martin III.
129
10 May 946 –8 November 955(9 years, 182 days)
Agapetus IIAGAPITVS Secundus
Agapetus
c. 911 Rome, Papal States
35 / 44
Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States.
130
16 December 955 –6 December 963(7 years, 355 days)
John XIIIOANNES Duodecimus
Ottaviano
c. 930–37 Rome, Papal States
18–25 / 26–33 (†27–34)
Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Third pope not to use his personal name (Ottaviano). Crowned Emperor Otto I in 962. Deposed in 963 by Emperor Otto I invalidly.
—
6 December 963 –26 February 964(82 days)
Leo VIIILEO Octavus
Leo
c. 915 Rome, Papal States
48 / 49 (†50)
Subject and later the claimant of the throne of the Papal States. Appointed antipope by Emperor Otto I in 963 in opposition to John XII and Benedict V. His pontificate from 963 to 964 is considered illegitimate by today's Catholic Church.
130
26 February 964 –14 May 964(78 days)
John XIIIOANNES Duodecimus
Ottaviano
c. 930–37 Rome, Papal States
27–34 / 27–34
Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Possibly murdered in 964. End of the Saeculum obscurum.
131
22 May 964 –23 June 964(32 days)
Benedict VBENEDICTVS Quintus
Benedetto
Rome, Papal States
Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Elected by the people of Rome in opposition to Leo VIII, who was appointed by Emperor Otto I. Accepted his deposition in favour of Leo VIII in 964.
132
23 June 964 –1 March 965(251 days)
Leo VIIILEO Octavus
Leo
c. 915 Rome, Papal States
49 / 50
Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. His pontificate after the deposition of Benedict V is considered legitimate by today's Catholic Church.
133
1 October 965 –6 September 972(6 years, 341 days)
John XIIIIOANNES Tertius Decimus
Giovanni dei Crescenzi
Rome, Papal States
Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Chronicled after his death as "the Good".
134
19 January 973 –8 June 974(1 year, 140 days)
Benedict VIBENEDICTVS Sextus
Benedetto
Rome, Papal States
Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Was of Lombard ethnicity. Deposed and murdered.
—
July 974 –July 974(30 days)
Boniface VIIBONIFATIVS Septimus
Francone Ferucci
Rome, Papal States
Subject and later the claimant of the throne of the Papal States, born Francone Ferucci. In opposition to Benedict VI and Benedict VII.
135
October 974 –10 July 983(8 years, 282 days)
Benedict VIIBENEDICTVS Septimus
Benedetto
Rome, Papal States
Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States.
136
December 983 –20 August 984(263 days)
John XIVIOANNES Quartus Decimus
Pietro Canepanova
Pavia, Kingdom of Italy
Subject of the Kingdom of Italy. Fourth pope not to use his personal name (Pietro Canepanova).
—
20 August 984 –20 July 985(334 days)
Boniface VIIBONIFATIVS Septimus
Francone Ferucci
Rome, Papal States
Subject and later the claimant of the throne of the Papal States. In opposition to John XIV and John XV.
137
20 August 985 –1 April 996(10 years, 225 days)
John XVIOANNES Quintus Decimus
Giovanni di Gallina Alba
Rome, Papal States
Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. First pope to formally canonize a saint.
138
3 May 996 –18 February 999(2 years, 291 days)
Gregory VGREGORIVS Quintus
Bruno von Kärnten
c. 972 Stainach, Duchy of Carinthia
24 / 27
Subject of the Duchy of Carinthia. First official German pope. Fifth pope not to use his personal name (Bruno). Henceforth, this decision became tradition among the future popes.
—
April 997 –February 998(306 days)
John XVIIOANNES Sextus Decimus
Iōánnēs Philágathos, O.S.B.
c. 945 Rossanum, Calabria, Italy, Eastern Roman Empire
52 / 53 (†56)
(Eastern) Roman citizen. In opposition to Gregory V.
139
2 April 999 –12 May 1003(4 years, 40 days)
Sylvester IISILVESTER Secundus
Gerbert d'Aurillac, O.S.B.
c. 945 Belliac, Kingdom of the West Franks
53 / 57
Subject of the Kingdom of the West Franks (later renamed Kingdom of France). First French (Occitan) pope. Member of the Order of Saint Benedict.
Popes of the 11th century
John XVIIIOANNES Septimus Decimus
John XVIIIOANNES Septimus Decimus
Pontiffnumber
140
Pontificate
16 May 1003 –6 November 1003(174 days)
Name: English· Latin
John XVIIIOANNES Septimus Decimus
Personal name
Giovanni Sicco
Date and place of birth
c. 955 Rome, Papal States
Age at start/end of papacy
48 / 48
Notes
Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States.
John XVIIIIOANNES Duodevicesimus
John XVIIIIOANNES Duodevicesimus
Pontiffnumber
141
Pontificate
25 December 1003 –18 July 1009(5 years, 205 days)
Name: English· Latin
John XVIIIIOANNES Duodevicesimus
Personal name
Giovanni Fasano
Date and place of birth
c. 965 Rapagnano,Papal States
Age at start/end of papacy
43 / 49
Notes
Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. First pope born after the Papal States became a state of the Holy Roman Empire in 962.
Sergius IVSERGIVS Quartus
Sergius IVSERGIVS Quartus
Pontiffnumber
142
Pontificate
31 July 1009 –12 May 1012(2 years, 286 days)
Name: English· Latin
Sergius IVSERGIVS Quartus
Personal name
Pietro Martino Boccadiporco, O.S.B.
Date and place of birth
c. 970 Rome, Papal States
Age at start/end of papacy
39 / 42
Notes
Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Member of the Order of Saint Benedict.
Gregory VIGREGORIVS Sextus
Gregory VIGREGORIVS Sextus
Pontiffnumber
—
Pontificate
12 June 1012 –31 December 1012(202 days)
Name: English· Latin
Gregory VIGREGORIVS Sextus
Personal name
Gregorio
Date and place of birth
Rome, Papal States
Notes
Subject and later the claimant of the throne of the Papal States. In opposition to Benedict VIII. Expelled from Rome and deposed.
Benedict VIIIBENEDICTVS Octavus
Benedict VIIIBENEDICTVS Octavus
Pontiffnumber
143
Pontificate
18 May 1012 –9 April 1024(11 years, 327 days)
Name: English· Latin
Benedict VIIIBENEDICTVS Octavus
Personal name
Teofilatto di Tuscolo
Date and place of birth
c. 980 Rome, Papal States
Age at start/end of papacy
32 / 44
Notes
Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Brother of John XIX.
John XIXIOANNES Undevicesimus
John XIXIOANNES Undevicesimus
Pontiffnumber
144
Pontificate
14 May 1024 –6 October 1032(8 years, 145 days)
Name: English· Latin
John XIXIOANNES Undevicesimus
Personal name
Romano di Tuscolo
Date and place of birth
c. 975 Rome, Papal States
Age at start/end of papacy
49 / 57
Notes
Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Brother of Benedict VIII.
Benedict IXBENEDICTVS Nonus
Benedict IXBENEDICTVS Nonus
Pontiffnumber
145
Pontificate
21 October 1032 –31 December 1044(12 years, 71 days)
Name: English· Latin
Benedict IXBENEDICTVS Nonus
Personal name
Teofilatto di Tuscolo
Date and place of birth
c. 1012 Rome, Papal States
Age at start/end of papacy
20 / 32 (†43)
Notes
Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. First term; youngest person to have been pope.
Sylvester IIISILVESTER Tertius
Sylvester IIISILVESTER Tertius
Pontiffnumber
146
Pontificate
13 January 1045 –10 March 1045(56 days)
Name: English· Latin
Sylvester IIISILVESTER Tertius
Personal name
Giovanni dei Crescenzi-Ottaviani
Date and place of birth
c. 1000 Rome, Papal States
Age at start/end of papacy
45 / 45 (†63)
Notes
Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Validity of his election questioned; deposed at the Council of Sutri.
Benedict IXBENEDICTVS Nonus
Benedict IXBENEDICTVS Nonus
Pontiffnumber
147
Pontificate
10 March 1045 –1 May 1045(52 days)
Name: English· Latin
Benedict IXBENEDICTVS Nonus
Personal name
Teofilatto di Tuscolo
Date and place of birth
c. 1012 Rome, Papal States
Age at start/end of papacy
33 / 33 (†43)
Notes
Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Second term; deposed at the Council of Sutri.
Gregory VIGREGORIVS Sextus
Gregory VIGREGORIVS Sextus
Pontiffnumber
148
Pontificate
1 May 1045 –20 December 1046(1 year, 233 days)
Name: English· Latin
Gregory VIGREGORIVS Sextus
Personal name
Giovanni Graziano Pierleoni
Date and place of birth
c. 1000 Rome, Papal States
Age at start/end of papacy
45 / 46 (†48)
Notes
Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Deposed at the Council of Sutri.
Clement IICLEMENS Secundus
Clement IICLEMENS Secundus
Pontiffnumber
149
Pontificate
24 December 1046 –9 October 1047(289 days)
Name: English· Latin
Clement IICLEMENS Secundus
Personal name
Suidger von Morsleben-Hornburg
Date and place of birth
c. 967 Hornburg, Duchy of Saxony
Age at start/end of papacy
79 / 80
Notes
Subject of the Duchy of Saxony. Appointed by King Henry III at the Council of Sutri; crowned Emperor Henry III in 1046.
Benedict IXBENEDICTVS Nonus
Benedict IXBENEDICTVS Nonus
Pontiffnumber
150
Pontificate
8 November 1047 –17 July 1048(252 days)
Name: English· Latin
Benedict IXBENEDICTVS Nonus
Personal name
Teofilatto di Tuscolo
Date and place of birth
c. 1012 Rome, Papal States
Age at start/end of papacy
35 / 36 (†43)
Notes
Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Third term; deposed and excommunicated.
Damasus IIDAMASVS Secundus
Damasus IIDAMASVS Secundus
Pontiffnumber
151
Pontificate
17 July 1048 –9 August 1048(23 days)
Name: English· Latin
Damasus IIDAMASVS Secundus
Personal name
Poppo von Brixen
Date and place of birth
c. 1000 Pildenau, Duchy of Bavaria
Age at start/end of papacy
48 / 48
Notes
Subject of the Duchy of Bavaria.
St Leo IXLEO Nonus
St Leo IXLEO Nonus
Pontiffnumber
152
Pontificate
12 February 1049 –19 April 1054(5 years, 66 days)
Name: English· Latin
St Leo IXLEO Nonus
Personal name
Bruno von Egisheim-Dagsburg
Date and place of birth
21 July 1002 Eguisheim, Duchy of Swabia
Age at start/end of papacy
47 / 51
Notes
Subject of the Duchy of Swabia. In 1054, the mutual excommunications of Leo IX's legate, cardinal Humbert of Silva Candida, and Patriarch Michael I Cerularius of Constantinople started the East–West Schism. The mutual anathematizations were rescinded by Paul VI and Patriarch Athenagoras I in 1964.
Victor IIVICTOR Secundus
Victor IIVICTOR Secundus
Pontiffnumber
153
Pontificate
13 April 1055 –28 July 1057(2 years, 106 days)
Name: English· Latin
Victor IIVICTOR Secundus
Personal name
Gebhard von Dollnstein-Hirschberg
Date and place of birth
c. 1018 Duchy of Swabia
Age at start/end of papacy
37 / 39
Notes
Subject of the Duchy of Swabia.
Stephen IXSTEPHANVS Nonus
Stephen IXSTEPHANVS Nonus
Pontiffnumber
154
Pontificate
2 August 1057 –29 March 1058(239 days)
Name: English· Latin
Stephen IXSTEPHANVS Nonus
Personal name
Friedrich Gozzelon von Lothringen, O.S.B.
Date and place of birth
c. 1020 Duchy of Lorraine
Age at start/end of papacy
37 / 38
Notes
Subject of the Duchy of Lorraine. Last German pope until Benedict XVI (2005–2013). Sometimes called Stephen X. Member of the Order of Saint Benedict.
Benedict XBENEDICTVS Decimus
Benedict XBENEDICTVS Decimus
Pontiffnumber
—
Pontificate
4 April 1058 – 24 January 1059(295 days)
Name: English· Latin
Benedict XBENEDICTVS Decimus
Personal name
Giovanni Mincio di Tuscolo
Date and place of birth
Rome, Papal States
Notes
Subject and later the claimant of the throne of the Papal States. In opposition to Nicholas II. Captured and deposed.
Nicholas IINICOLAVS Secundus
Nicholas IINICOLAVS Secundus
Pontiffnumber
155
Pontificate
6 December 1058 –27 July 1061(2 years, 233 days)
Name: English· Latin
Nicholas IINICOLAVS Secundus
Personal name
Gerald de Bourgogne
Date and place of birth
c. 980 Château de Chevron, County of Savoy
Age at start/end of papacy
78 / 81
Notes
Subject of the County of Savoy. Was of French ethnicity. Designated the College of Cardinals as the sole body of pope electors in the bull In nomine Domini (1059).
Honorius IIHONORIVS Secundus
Honorius IIHONORIVS Secundus
Pontiffnumber
—
Pontificate
30 September 1061 – 1072(10 years, 185 days)
Name: English· Latin
Honorius IIHONORIVS Secundus
Personal name
Pietro Cadalo
Date and place of birth
1010 Verona, March of Verona
Age at start/end of papacy
61 / 72
Notes
Subject of the March of Verona. In opposition to Alexander II.
Alexander IIALEXANDER Secundus
Alexander IIALEXANDER Secundus
Pontiffnumber
156
Pontificate
30 September 1061 –21 April 1073(11 years, 203 days)
Name: English· Latin
Alexander IIALEXANDER Secundus
Personal name
Anselmo da Baggio
Date and place of birth
c. 1018 Baggio, Free Commune of Milan
Age at start/end of papacy
46 / 58
Notes
Citizen of the Free Commune of Milan. Authorized the Norman conquest of England.
St Gregory VIIGREGORIVS Septimus
St Gregory VIIGREGORIVS Septimus
Pontiffnumber
157
Pontificate
22 April 1073 –25 May 1085(12 years, 33 days)
Name: English· Latin
St Gregory VIIGREGORIVS Septimus
Personal name
Ildebrando di Soana, O.S.B.
Date and place of birth
c. 1015 Sovana, March of Tuscany
Age at start/end of papacy
48 / 60
Notes
Subject of the March of Tuscany. Was of Lombard ethnicity. Initiated the Gregorian Reforms. Restricted the use of the papal title to the bishop of Rome. Member of the Order of Saint Benedict. Political struggle with Emperor Henry IV, who had to go to Canossa (1077).
Clement IIICLEMENS Tertius
Clement IIICLEMENS Tertius
Pontiffnumber
—
Pontificate
25 June 1080 – 8 September 1100(20 years, 75 days)
Name: English· Latin
Clement IIICLEMENS Tertius
Personal name
Guibert of Ravenna
Date and place of birth
1029 Ravenna, Papal States
Age at start/end of papacy
51 / 71
Notes
Subject and later the claimant of the throne of the Papal States. In opposition to Gregory VII, Victor III, Urban II, and Paschal II.
Bl. Victor IIIVICTOR Tertius
Bl. Victor IIIVICTOR Tertius
Pontiffnumber
158
Pontificate
24 May 1086 –16 September 1087(1 year, 115 days)
Name: English· Latin
Bl. Victor IIIVICTOR Tertius
Personal name
Desiderio da Montecassino, O.S.B.
Date and place of birth
c. 1026 Benevento, Duchy of Benevento
Age at start/end of papacy
60 / 61
Notes
Subject of the Duchy of Benevento. Was of Lombard ethnicity. Member of the Order of Saint Benedict. Called the Synod of Benevento (1087), condemning lay investiture.
Bl. Urban IIVRBANVS Secundus
Bl. Urban IIVRBANVS Secundus
Pontiffnumber
159
Pontificate
12 March 1088 –29 July 1099(11 years, 139 days)
Name: English· Latin
Bl. Urban IIVRBANVS Secundus
Personal name
Odon de Lagery, O.S.B.
Date and place of birth
c. 1042 Châtillon-sur-Marne, County of Champagne, Kingdom of France
Age at start/end of papacy
46 / 57
Notes
Subject of the Kingdom of France. Preached and started the First Crusade. Member of the Order of Saint Benedict.
Paschal IIPASCHALIS Secundus
Paschal IIPASCHALIS Secundus
Pontiffnumber
160
Pontificate
13 August 1099 –21 January 1118(18 years, 161 days)
Name: English· Latin
Paschal IIPASCHALIS Secundus
Personal name
Raniero di Bleda, O.S.B.
Date and place of birth
c. 1050 Bleda, March of Tuscany
Age at start/end of papacy
49 / 68
Notes
Subject of the March of Tuscany. Was of Lombard ethnicity. Member of the Order of Saint Benedict. Ordered the building of the basilica of Santi Quattro Coronati.
TheodoricTHEODORICVS
TheodoricTHEODORICVS
Pontiffnumber
—
Pontificate
8 September 1100 – January 1101(115 days)
Name: English· Latin
TheodoricTHEODORICVS
Personal name
Teodorico
Date and place of birth
c. 1030 Rome, Papal States
Age at start/end of papacy
70 / 71
Notes
Subject and later the claimant of the throne of the Papal States. Was of Lombard ethnicity. In opposition to Paschal II. Captured and sent to a monastery.
Pontiffnumber
Pontificate
Portrait
Name: English· Latin
Personal name
Date and place of birth
Age at start/end of papacy
Notes
140
16 May 1003 –6 November 1003(174 days)
John XVIIIOANNES Septimus Decimus
Giovanni Sicco
c. 955 Rome, Papal States
48 / 48
Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States.
141
25 December 1003 –18 July 1009(5 years, 205 days)
John XVIIIIOANNES Duodevicesimus
Giovanni Fasano
c. 965 Rapagnano,Papal States
43 / 49
Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. First pope born after the Papal States became a state of the Holy Roman Empire in 962.
142
31 July 1009 –12 May 1012(2 years, 286 days)
Sergius IVSERGIVS Quartus
Pietro Martino Boccadiporco, O.S.B.
c. 970 Rome, Papal States
39 / 42
Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Member of the Order of Saint Benedict.
—
12 June 1012 –31 December 1012(202 days)
Gregory VIGREGORIVS Sextus
Gregorio
Rome, Papal States
Subject and later the claimant of the throne of the Papal States. In opposition to Benedict VIII. Expelled from Rome and deposed.
143
18 May 1012 –9 April 1024(11 years, 327 days)
Benedict VIIIBENEDICTVS Octavus
Teofilatto di Tuscolo
c. 980 Rome, Papal States
32 / 44
Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Brother of John XIX.
144
14 May 1024 –6 October 1032(8 years, 145 days)
John XIXIOANNES Undevicesimus
Romano di Tuscolo
c. 975 Rome, Papal States
49 / 57
Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Brother of Benedict VIII.
145
21 October 1032 –31 December 1044(12 years, 71 days)
Benedict IXBENEDICTVS Nonus
Teofilatto di Tuscolo
c. 1012 Rome, Papal States
20 / 32 (†43)
Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. First term; youngest person to have been pope.
146
13 January 1045 –10 March 1045(56 days)
Sylvester IIISILVESTER Tertius
Giovanni dei Crescenzi-Ottaviani
c. 1000 Rome, Papal States
45 / 45 (†63)
Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Validity of his election questioned; deposed at the Council of Sutri.
147
10 March 1045 –1 May 1045(52 days)
Benedict IXBENEDICTVS Nonus
Teofilatto di Tuscolo
c. 1012 Rome, Papal States
33 / 33 (†43)
Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Second term; deposed at the Council of Sutri.
148
1 May 1045 –20 December 1046(1 year, 233 days)
Gregory VIGREGORIVS Sextus
Giovanni Graziano Pierleoni
c. 1000 Rome, Papal States
45 / 46 (†48)
Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Deposed at the Council of Sutri.
149
24 December 1046 –9 October 1047(289 days)
Clement IICLEMENS Secundus
Suidger von Morsleben-Hornburg
c. 967 Hornburg, Duchy of Saxony
79 / 80
Subject of the Duchy of Saxony. Appointed by King Henry III at the Council of Sutri; crowned Emperor Henry III in 1046.
150
8 November 1047 –17 July 1048(252 days)
Benedict IXBENEDICTVS Nonus
Teofilatto di Tuscolo
c. 1012 Rome, Papal States
35 / 36 (†43)
Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Third term; deposed and excommunicated.
151
17 July 1048 –9 August 1048(23 days)
Damasus IIDAMASVS Secundus
Poppo von Brixen
c. 1000 Pildenau, Duchy of Bavaria
48 / 48
Subject of the Duchy of Bavaria.
152
12 February 1049 –19 April 1054(5 years, 66 days)
St Leo IXLEO Nonus
Bruno von Egisheim-Dagsburg
21 July 1002 Eguisheim, Duchy of Swabia
47 / 51
Subject of the Duchy of Swabia. In 1054, the mutual excommunications of Leo IX's legate, cardinal Humbert of Silva Candida, and Patriarch Michael I Cerularius of Constantinople started the East–West Schism. The mutual anathematizations were rescinded by Paul VI and Patriarch Athenagoras I in 1964.
153
13 April 1055 –28 July 1057(2 years, 106 days)
Victor IIVICTOR Secundus
Gebhard von Dollnstein-Hirschberg
c. 1018 Duchy of Swabia
37 / 39
Subject of the Duchy of Swabia.
154
2 August 1057 –29 March 1058(239 days)
Stephen IXSTEPHANVS Nonus
Friedrich Gozzelon von Lothringen, O.S.B.
c. 1020 Duchy of Lorraine
37 / 38
Subject of the Duchy of Lorraine. Last German pope until Benedict XVI (2005–2013). Sometimes called Stephen X. Member of the Order of Saint Benedict.
—
4 April 1058 – 24 January 1059(295 days)
Benedict XBENEDICTVS Decimus
Giovanni Mincio di Tuscolo
Rome, Papal States
Subject and later the claimant of the throne of the Papal States. In opposition to Nicholas II. Captured and deposed.
155
6 December 1058 –27 July 1061(2 years, 233 days)
Nicholas IINICOLAVS Secundus
Gerald de Bourgogne
c. 980 Château de Chevron, County of Savoy
78 / 81
Subject of the County of Savoy. Was of French ethnicity. Designated the College of Cardinals as the sole body of pope electors in the bull In nomine Domini (1059).
—
30 September 1061 – 1072(10 years, 185 days)
Honorius IIHONORIVS Secundus
Pietro Cadalo
1010 Verona, March of Verona
61 / 72
Subject of the March of Verona. In opposition to Alexander II.
156
30 September 1061 –21 April 1073(11 years, 203 days)
Alexander IIALEXANDER Secundus
Anselmo da Baggio
c. 1018 Baggio, Free Commune of Milan
46 / 58
Citizen of the Free Commune of Milan. Authorized the Norman conquest of England.
157
22 April 1073 –25 May 1085(12 years, 33 days)
St Gregory VIIGREGORIVS Septimus
Ildebrando di Soana, O.S.B.
c. 1015 Sovana, March of Tuscany
48 / 60
Subject of the March of Tuscany. Was of Lombard ethnicity. Initiated the Gregorian Reforms. Restricted the use of the papal title to the bishop of Rome. Member of the Order of Saint Benedict. Political struggle with Emperor Henry IV, who had to go to Canossa (1077).
—
25 June 1080 – 8 September 1100(20 years, 75 days)
Clement IIICLEMENS Tertius
Guibert of Ravenna
1029 Ravenna, Papal States
51 / 71
Subject and later the claimant of the throne of the Papal States. In opposition to Gregory VII, Victor III, Urban II, and Paschal II.
158
24 May 1086 –16 September 1087(1 year, 115 days)
Bl. Victor IIIVICTOR Tertius
Desiderio da Montecassino, O.S.B.
c. 1026 Benevento, Duchy of Benevento
60 / 61
Subject of the Duchy of Benevento. Was of Lombard ethnicity. Member of the Order of Saint Benedict. Called the Synod of Benevento (1087), condemning lay investiture.
159
12 March 1088 –29 July 1099(11 years, 139 days)
Bl. Urban IIVRBANVS Secundus
Odon de Lagery, O.S.B.
c. 1042 Châtillon-sur-Marne, County of Champagne, Kingdom of France
46 / 57
Subject of the Kingdom of France. Preached and started the First Crusade. Member of the Order of Saint Benedict.
160
13 August 1099 –21 January 1118(18 years, 161 days)
Paschal IIPASCHALIS Secundus
Raniero di Bleda, O.S.B.
c. 1050 Bleda, March of Tuscany
49 / 68
Subject of the March of Tuscany. Was of Lombard ethnicity. Member of the Order of Saint Benedict. Ordered the building of the basilica of Santi Quattro Coronati.
—
8 September 1100 – January 1101(115 days)
TheodoricTHEODORICVS
Teodorico
c. 1030 Rome, Papal States
70 / 71
Subject and later the claimant of the throne of the Papal States. Was of Lombard ethnicity. In opposition to Paschal II. Captured and sent to a monastery.
Popes of the 12th century
AdalbertADALBERTVS
AdalbertADALBERTVS
Pontiffnumber
—
Pontificate
January 1101 – February 1102(1 year, 31 days)
Name: English· Latin
AdalbertADALBERTVS
Personal name
Adalberto, O.S.B.
Date and place of birth
Rome, Papal States
Notes
Subject and later the claimant of the throne of the Papal States. Was of Lombard ethnicity. In opposition to Paschal II. Captured and imprisoned.
Sylvester IVSILVESTER Quartus
Sylvester IVSILVESTER Quartus
Pontiffnumber
—
Pontificate
8 November 1105 –11 April 1111(5 years, 154 days)
Name: English· Latin
Sylvester IVSILVESTER Quartus
Personal name
Maguinulf
Date and place of birth
1050 Rome, Papal States
Age at start/end of papacy
49 / 55 (†56)
Notes
Subject and later the claimant of the throne of the Papal States. Was of German ethnicity. In opposition to Paschal II. Forced to abdicate.
Gelasius IIGELASIVS Secundus
Gelasius IIGELASIVS Secundus
Pontiffnumber
161
Pontificate
24 January 1118 –29 January 1119(1 year, 5 days)
Name: English· Latin
Gelasius IIGELASIVS Secundus
Personal name
Giovanni Caetani, O.S.B.
Date and place of birth
c. 1061 Gaeta, Duchy of Gaeta
Age at start/end of papacy
57 / 58
Notes
Subject of the Duchy of Gaeta. Member of the Order of Saint Benedict.
Gregory VIIIGREGORIVS Octavus
Gregory VIIIGREGORIVS Octavus
Pontiffnumber
—
Pontificate
10 March 1118 –20 April 1121(3 years, 41 days)
Name: English· Latin
Gregory VIIIGREGORIVS Octavus
Personal name
Maurice Baurdain
Date and place of birth
c. 1060 Limousin, Occitania, Kingdom of France
Age at start/end of papacy
58 / 61 (†77)
Notes
Subject of the Kingdom of France. Was of Occitan ethnicity. In opposition to Gelasius II and Callixtus II. Captured and imprisoned.
Callixtus IICALLISTVS Secundus
Callixtus IICALLISTVS Secundus
Pontiffnumber
162
Pontificate
2 February 1119 –13 December 1124(5 years, 315 days)
Name: English· Latin
Callixtus IICALLISTVS Secundus
Personal name
Gui de Bourgogne
Date and place of birth
c. 1060 Quingey, County of Burgundy
Age at start/end of papacy
59 / 64
Notes
Subject of the County of Burgundy. Was of French ethnicity. Convened the First Council of the Lateran (1123).
Celestine IICOELESTINVS Secundus
Celestine IICOELESTINVS Secundus
Pontiffnumber
—
Pontificate
16 December 1124 –17 December 1124(1 day)
Name: English· Latin
Celestine IICOELESTINVS Secundus
Personal name
Teobaldo Boccapeci
Date and place of birth
1050 Rome, Papal States
Age at start/end of papacy
74 / 74 (†76)
Notes
Subject and later the claimant of the throne of the Papal States. In opposition to Honorius II. Abdicated one day after his election.
Honorius IIHONORIVS Secundus
Honorius IIHONORIVS Secundus
Pontiffnumber
163
Pontificate
21 December 1124 –13 February 1130(5 years, 54 days)
Name: English· Latin
Honorius IIHONORIVS Secundus
Personal name
Lamberto Scannabecchi da Fiagnano, Can.Reg.
Date and place of birth
9 February 1060 Fiagnano, Papal States
Age at start/end of papacy
64 / 70
Notes
Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Canon Regular of the Lateran. Approved the Knights Templar as a military order (1128).
Innocent IIINNOCENTIVS Secundus
Innocent IIINNOCENTIVS Secundus
Pontiffnumber
164
Pontificate
14 February 1130 –24 September 1143(13 years, 222 days)
Name: English· Latin
Innocent IIINNOCENTIVS Secundus
Personal name
Gregorio Papareschi, Can.Reg.
Date and place of birth
c. 1082 Rome, Papal States
Age at start/end of papacy
48 / 61
Notes
Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Canon Regular of the Lateran. Convened the Second Council of the Lateran (1139).
Anacletus IIANACLETVS Secundus
Anacletus IIANACLETVS Secundus
Pontiffnumber
—
Pontificate
14 February 1130 –25 January 1138(7 years, 345 days)
Name: English· Latin
Anacletus IIANACLETVS Secundus
Personal name
Pietro Pierleoni, O.S.B.
Date and place of birth
1090 Rome, Papal States
Age at start/end of papacy
40 / 48
Notes
Subject and later the claimant of the throne of the Papal States. In opposition to Innocent II.
Victor IVVICTOR Quartus
Victor IVVICTOR Quartus
Pontiffnumber
—
Pontificate
15 March 1138 –29 May 1138(75 days)
Name: English· Latin
Victor IVVICTOR Quartus
Personal name
Gregorio Conti
Date and place of birth
Rome, Papal States
Notes
Subject and later the claimant of the throne of the Papal States. In opposition to Innocent II.
Celestine IICOELESTINVS Secundus
Celestine IICOELESTINVS Secundus
Pontiffnumber
165
Pontificate
26 September 1143 –8 March 1144(164 days)
Name: English· Latin
Celestine IICOELESTINVS Secundus
Personal name
Guido Guelfuccio di Castello
Date and place of birth
c. 1085 Città di Castello, Papal States
Age at start/end of papacy
58 / 59
Notes
Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States.
Lucius IILUCIVS Secundus
Lucius IILUCIVS Secundus
Pontiffnumber
166
Pontificate
12 March 1144 –15 February 1145(340 days)
Name: English· Latin
Lucius IILUCIVS Secundus
Personal name
Gherardo Caccianemici dall'Orso, Can.Reg.
Date and place of birth
c. 1079 Bologna, Papal States
Age at start/end of papacy
65 / 66
Notes
Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Canon Regular of San Frediano.
Bl. Eugene IIIEVGENIVS Tertius
Bl. Eugene IIIEVGENIVS Tertius
Pontiffnumber
167
Pontificate
15 February 1145 –8 July 1153(8 years, 143 days)
Name: English· Latin
Bl. Eugene IIIEVGENIVS Tertius
Personal name
Bernardo Pignatelli, O.Cist.
Date and place of birth
c. 1080 Pisa, Republic of Pisa
Age at start/end of papacy
65 / 73
Notes
Citizen of the Republic of Pisa. Member of the Order of Cistercians. Announced the Second Crusade.
Anastasius IVANASTASIVS Quartus
Anastasius IVANASTASIVS Quartus
Pontiffnumber
168
Pontificate
12 July 1153 –3 December 1154(1 year, 144 days)
Name: English· Latin
Anastasius IVANASTASIVS Quartus
Personal name
Corrado Demetri della Suburra
Date and place of birth
c. 1073 Rome, Papal States
Age at start/end of papacy
80 / 81
Notes
Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States.
Adrian IVHADRIANVS Quartus
Adrian IVHADRIANVS Quartus
Pontiffnumber
169
Pontificate
4 December 1154 –1 September 1159(4 years, 271 days)
Name: English· Latin
Adrian IVHADRIANVS Quartus
Personal name
Nicholas Breakspear, Can.Reg.
Date and place of birth
c. 1100 Abbots Langley, Hertfordshire, Kingdom of England
Age at start/end of papacy
54 / 59
Notes
Subject of the Kingdom of England. The only English (Anglo-Saxon) pope; purportedly granted Ireland to King Henry II of England. Canon Regular of Saint-Ruf monastery.
Alexander IIIALEXANDER Tertius
Alexander IIIALEXANDER Tertius
Pontiffnumber
170
Pontificate
7 September 1159 –30 August 1181(21 years, 357 days)
Name: English· Latin
Alexander IIIALEXANDER Tertius
Personal name
Rolando Bandinelli
Date and place of birth
c. 1100 Siena, March of Tuscany
Age at start/end of papacy
59 / 81
Notes
Subject of the March of Tuscany. Convened the Third Council of the Lateran (1179).
Victor IVVICTOR Quartus
Victor IVVICTOR Quartus
Pontiffnumber
—
Pontificate
7 September 1159 –20 April 1164(4 years, 226 days)
Name: English· Latin
Victor IVVICTOR Quartus
Personal name
Ottaviano dei Crescenzi Ottaviani di Monticelli
Date and place of birth
1095 Rome, Papal States
Age at start/end of papacy
64 / 69
Notes
Subject and later the claimant of the throne of the Papal States. In opposition to Alexander III.
Paschal IIIPASCHALIS Tertius
Paschal IIIPASCHALIS Tertius
Pontiffnumber
—
Pontificate
28 April 1164 –22 September 1168(4 years, 147 days)
Name: English· Latin
Paschal IIIPASCHALIS Tertius
Personal name
Guido di Crema
Date and place of birth
1110 Rome, Papal States
Age at start/end of papacy
54 / 58
Notes
Subject and later the claimant of the throne of the Papal States. In opposition to Alexander III.
Callixtus IIICALLIXTVS Tertius
Callixtus IIICALLIXTVS Tertius
Pontiffnumber
—
Pontificate
30 September 1168 –29 August 1178(9 years, 333 days)
Name: English· Latin
Callixtus IIICALLIXTVS Tertius
Personal name
Giovanni di Struma, O.S.B.
Date and place of birth
1090 Rome, Papal States
Age at start/end of papacy
78 / 88
Notes
Subject and later the claimant of the throne of the Papal States. In opposition to Alexander III.
Innocent IIIINNOCENTIVS Tertius
Innocent IIIINNOCENTIVS Tertius
Pontiffnumber
—
Pontificate
29 September 1179 – January 1180(124 days)
Name: English· Latin
Innocent IIIINNOCENTIVS Tertius
Personal name
Lando (or Lanzo) di Sezze
Date and place of birth
1120 Sezze, Papal States
Age at start/end of papacy
59 / 60 (†63)
Notes
Subject and later the claimant of the throne of the Papal States. In opposition to Alexander III. Captured and imprisoned in 1180.
Lucius IIILUCIVS Tertius
Lucius IIILUCIVS Tertius
Pontiffnumber
171
Pontificate
1 September 1181 –25 November 1185(4 years, 85 days)
Name: English· Latin
Lucius IIILUCIVS Tertius
Personal name
Ubaldo Allucignoli
Date and place of birth
c. 1100 Lucca, March of Tuscany
Age at start/end of papacy
81 / 85
Notes
Subject of the March of Tuscany.
Urban IIIVRBANVS Tertius
Urban IIIVRBANVS Tertius
Pontiffnumber
172
Pontificate
25 November 1185 –20 October 1187(1 year, 329 days)
Name: English· Latin
Urban IIIVRBANVS Tertius
Personal name
Uberto Crivelli
Date and place of birth
c. 1120 Cuggiono, small town closer to the Free Commune of Milan
Age at start/end of papacy
65 / 67
Notes
Was of Italian ethnicity. In the 21st century, Cuggiono is a small Italian town and comune in the Metropolitan City of Milan.
Gregory VIIIGREGORIVS Octavus
Gregory VIIIGREGORIVS Octavus
Pontiffnumber
173
Pontificate
21 October 1187 –17 December 1187(57 days)
Name: English· Latin
Gregory VIIIGREGORIVS Octavus
Personal name
Alberto di Morra, O.Praem.
Date and place of birth
c. 1100 Benevento, Papal States
Age at start/end of papacy
87 / 87
Notes
Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Canon Regular Premonstratense. Proposed the Third Crusade.
Clement IIICLEMENS Tertius
Clement IIICLEMENS Tertius
Pontiffnumber
174
Pontificate
19 December 1187 –20 March 1191(3 years, 91 days)
Name: English· Latin
Clement IIICLEMENS Tertius
Personal name
Paolo Scolari
Date and place of birth
c. 1130 Rome, Papal States
Age at start/end of papacy
57 / 61
Notes
Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States.
Celestine IIICOELESTINVS Tertius
Celestine IIICOELESTINVS Tertius
Pontiffnumber
175
Pontificate
30 March 1191 –8 January 1198(6 years, 284 days)
Name: English· Latin
Celestine IIICOELESTINVS Tertius
Personal name
Giacinto Bobone Orsini
Date and place of birth
c. 1105 Rome, Papal States
Age at start/end of papacy
86 / 93
Notes
Motto: Perfice gressus meos in semitis Tuis ("Going in Thy path") Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Confirmed the statutes of the Teutonic Knights as a military order.
Innocent IIIINNOCENTIVS Tertius
Innocent IIIINNOCENTIVS Tertius
Pontiffnumber
176
Pontificate
8 January 1198 –16 July 1216(18 years, 190 days)
Name: English· Latin
Innocent IIIINNOCENTIVS Tertius
Personal name
Lotario dei Conti di Segni
Date and place of birth
c. 1161 Gavignano, Papal States
Age at start/end of papacy
37 / 55
Notes
Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Convened the Fourth Council of the Lateran (1215). Initiated the Fourth Crusade but later distanced himself from it and threatened its participants with excommunication when its leadership abandoned their focus on conquest of the Holy Land and instead decided to sack Christian cities. Endorsed the Franciscan Order.
Pontiffnumber
Pontificate
Portrait
Name: English· Latin
Personal name
Date and place of birth
Age at start/end of papacy
Notes
—
January 1101 – February 1102(1 year, 31 days)
AdalbertADALBERTVS
Adalberto, O.S.B.
Rome, Papal States
Subject and later the claimant of the throne of the Papal States. Was of Lombard ethnicity. In opposition to Paschal II. Captured and imprisoned.
—
8 November 1105 –11 April 1111(5 years, 154 days)
Sylvester IVSILVESTER Quartus
Maguinulf
1050 Rome, Papal States
49 / 55 (†56)
Subject and later the claimant of the throne of the Papal States. Was of German ethnicity. In opposition to Paschal II. Forced to abdicate.
161
24 January 1118 –29 January 1119(1 year, 5 days)
Gelasius IIGELASIVS Secundus
Giovanni Caetani, O.S.B.
c. 1061 Gaeta, Duchy of Gaeta
57 / 58
Subject of the Duchy of Gaeta. Member of the Order of Saint Benedict.
—
10 March 1118 –20 April 1121(3 years, 41 days)
Gregory VIIIGREGORIVS Octavus
Maurice Baurdain
c. 1060 Limousin, Occitania, Kingdom of France
58 / 61 (†77)
Subject of the Kingdom of France. Was of Occitan ethnicity. In opposition to Gelasius II and Callixtus II. Captured and imprisoned.
162
2 February 1119 –13 December 1124(5 years, 315 days)
Callixtus IICALLISTVS Secundus
Gui de Bourgogne
c. 1060 Quingey, County of Burgundy
59 / 64
Subject of the County of Burgundy. Was of French ethnicity. Convened the First Council of the Lateran (1123).
—
16 December 1124 –17 December 1124(1 day)
Celestine IICOELESTINVS Secundus
Teobaldo Boccapeci
1050 Rome, Papal States
74 / 74 (†76)
Subject and later the claimant of the throne of the Papal States. In opposition to Honorius II. Abdicated one day after his election.
163
21 December 1124 –13 February 1130(5 years, 54 days)
Honorius IIHONORIVS Secundus
Lamberto Scannabecchi da Fiagnano, Can.Reg.
9 February 1060 Fiagnano, Papal States
64 / 70
Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Canon Regular of the Lateran. Approved the Knights Templar as a military order (1128).
164
14 February 1130 –24 September 1143(13 years, 222 days)
Innocent IIINNOCENTIVS Secundus
Gregorio Papareschi, Can.Reg.
c. 1082 Rome, Papal States
48 / 61
Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Canon Regular of the Lateran. Convened the Second Council of the Lateran (1139).
—
14 February 1130 –25 January 1138(7 years, 345 days)
Anacletus IIANACLETVS Secundus
Pietro Pierleoni, O.S.B.
1090 Rome, Papal States
40 / 48
Subject and later the claimant of the throne of the Papal States. In opposition to Innocent II.
—
15 March 1138 –29 May 1138(75 days)
Victor IVVICTOR Quartus
Gregorio Conti
Rome, Papal States
Subject and later the claimant of the throne of the Papal States. In opposition to Innocent II.
165
26 September 1143 –8 March 1144(164 days)
Celestine IICOELESTINVS Secundus
Guido Guelfuccio di Castello
c. 1085 Città di Castello, Papal States
58 / 59
Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States.
166
12 March 1144 –15 February 1145(340 days)
Lucius IILUCIVS Secundus
Gherardo Caccianemici dall'Orso, Can.Reg.
c. 1079 Bologna, Papal States
65 / 66
Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Canon Regular of San Frediano.
167
15 February 1145 –8 July 1153(8 years, 143 days)
Bl. Eugene IIIEVGENIVS Tertius
Bernardo Pignatelli, O.Cist.
c. 1080 Pisa, Republic of Pisa
65 / 73
Citizen of the Republic of Pisa. Member of the Order of Cistercians. Announced the Second Crusade.
168
12 July 1153 –3 December 1154(1 year, 144 days)
Anastasius IVANASTASIVS Quartus
Corrado Demetri della Suburra
c. 1073 Rome, Papal States
80 / 81
Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States.
169
4 December 1154 –1 September 1159(4 years, 271 days)
Adrian IVHADRIANVS Quartus
Nicholas Breakspear, Can.Reg.
c. 1100 Abbots Langley, Hertfordshire, Kingdom of England
54 / 59
Subject of the Kingdom of England. The only English (Anglo-Saxon) pope; purportedly granted Ireland to King Henry II of England. Canon Regular of Saint-Ruf monastery.
170
7 September 1159 –30 August 1181(21 years, 357 days)
Alexander IIIALEXANDER Tertius
Rolando Bandinelli
c. 1100 Siena, March of Tuscany
59 / 81
Subject of the March of Tuscany. Convened the Third Council of the Lateran (1179).
—
7 September 1159 –20 April 1164(4 years, 226 days)
Victor IVVICTOR Quartus
Ottaviano dei Crescenzi Ottaviani di Monticelli
1095 Rome, Papal States
64 / 69
Subject and later the claimant of the throne of the Papal States. In opposition to Alexander III.
—
28 April 1164 –22 September 1168(4 years, 147 days)
Paschal IIIPASCHALIS Tertius
Guido di Crema
1110 Rome, Papal States
54 / 58
Subject and later the claimant of the throne of the Papal States. In opposition to Alexander III.
—
30 September 1168 –29 August 1178(9 years, 333 days)
Callixtus IIICALLIXTVS Tertius
Giovanni di Struma, O.S.B.
1090 Rome, Papal States
78 / 88
Subject and later the claimant of the throne of the Papal States. In opposition to Alexander III.
—
29 September 1179 – January 1180(124 days)
Innocent IIIINNOCENTIVS Tertius
Lando (or Lanzo) di Sezze
1120 Sezze, Papal States
59 / 60 (†63)
Subject and later the claimant of the throne of the Papal States. In opposition to Alexander III. Captured and imprisoned in 1180.
171
1 September 1181 –25 November 1185(4 years, 85 days)
Lucius IIILUCIVS Tertius
Ubaldo Allucignoli
c. 1100 Lucca, March of Tuscany
81 / 85
Subject of the March of Tuscany.
172
25 November 1185 –20 October 1187(1 year, 329 days)
Urban IIIVRBANVS Tertius
Uberto Crivelli
c. 1120 Cuggiono, small town closer to the Free Commune of Milan
65 / 67
Was of Italian ethnicity. In the 21st century, Cuggiono is a small Italian town and comune in the Metropolitan City of Milan.
173
21 October 1187 –17 December 1187(57 days)
Gregory VIIIGREGORIVS Octavus
Alberto di Morra, O.Praem.
c. 1100 Benevento, Papal States
87 / 87
Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Canon Regular Premonstratense. Proposed the Third Crusade.
174
19 December 1187 –20 March 1191(3 years, 91 days)
Clement IIICLEMENS Tertius
Paolo Scolari
c. 1130 Rome, Papal States
57 / 61
Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States.
175
30 March 1191 –8 January 1198(6 years, 284 days)
Celestine IIICOELESTINVS Tertius
Giacinto Bobone Orsini
c. 1105 Rome, Papal States
86 / 93
Motto: Perfice gressus meos in semitis Tuis ("Going in Thy path") Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Confirmed the statutes of the Teutonic Knights as a military order.
176
8 January 1198 –16 July 1216(18 years, 190 days)
Innocent IIIINNOCENTIVS Tertius
Lotario dei Conti di Segni
c. 1161 Gavignano, Papal States
37 / 55
Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Convened the Fourth Council of the Lateran (1215). Initiated the Fourth Crusade but later distanced himself from it and threatened its participants with excommunication when its leadership abandoned their focus on conquest of the Holy Land and instead decided to sack Christian cities. Endorsed the Franciscan Order.
Popes of the 13th century
Honorius IIIHONORIVS Tertius
Honorius IIIHONORIVS Tertius
Pontiffnumber
177
Pontificate
18 July 1216 –18 March 1227(10 years, 243 days)
Name: English· Latin
Honorius IIIHONORIVS Tertius
Personal name
Cencio Savelli
Date and place of birth
c. 1150 Rome, Papal States
Age at start/end of papacy
66 / 77
Notes
Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Initiated the Fifth Crusade. Approved several religious and tertiary orders.
Gregory IXGREGORIVS Nonus
Gregory IXGREGORIVS Nonus
Pontiffnumber
178
Pontificate
19 March 1227 –22 August 1241(14 years, 156 days)
Name: English· Latin
Gregory IXGREGORIVS Nonus
Personal name
Ugolino dei Conti di Segni
Date and place of birth
c. 1145 Anagni, Papal States
Age at start/end of papacy
82 / 96
Notes
Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Initiated the inquisition in France and endorsed the Northern Crusades.
Celestine IVCOELESTINVS Quartus
Celestine IVCOELESTINVS Quartus
Pontiffnumber
179
Pontificate
25 October 1241 –10 November 1241(16 days)
Name: English· Latin
Celestine IVCOELESTINVS Quartus
Personal name
Goffredo Castiglioni
Date and place of birth
c. 1180Free Commune of Milan (city-state)
Age at start/end of papacy
61 / 61
Notes
Citizen of the Free Commune of Milan. Died before coronation.
Innocent IVINNOCENTIVS Quartus
Innocent IVINNOCENTIVS Quartus
Pontiffnumber
180
Pontificate
25 June 1243 –7 December 1254(11 years, 165 days)
Name: English· Latin
Innocent IVINNOCENTIVS Quartus
Personal name
Sinibaldo Fieschi
Date and place of birth
c. 1195 Genoa, Republic of Genoa
Age at start/end of papacy
48 / 60
Notes
Citizen of the Republic of Genoa. Convened the First Council of Lyon (1245). Issued the bull Ad extirpanda (1252), permitting the torture of heretics.
Alexander IVALEXANDER Quartus
Alexander IVALEXANDER Quartus
Pontiffnumber
181
Pontificate
12 December 1254 –25 May 1261(6 years, 164 days)
Name: English· Latin
Alexander IVALEXANDER Quartus
Personal name
Rinaldo dei Conti di Segni
Date and place of birth
c. 1199 Jenne, Papal States
Age at start/end of papacy
55 / 62
Notes
Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. First pope born after the Papal States ceased to be a state of the Holy Roman Empire in 1177. Restored the papal inquisition in France.
Urban IVVRBANVS Quartus
Urban IVVRBANVS Quartus
Pontiffnumber
182
Pontificate
29 August 1261 –2 October 1264(3 years, 34 days)
Name: English· Latin
Urban IVVRBANVS Quartus
Personal name
Jacques Pantaléon
Date and place of birth
c. 1195 Troyes, County of Champagne, Kingdom of France
Age at start/end of papacy
66 / 69
Notes
Subject of the Kingdom of France. Instituted the feast of Corpus Christi (1264).
Clement IVCLEMENS Quartus
Clement IVCLEMENS Quartus
Pontiffnumber
183
Pontificate
5 February 1265 –29 November 1268(3 years, 298 days)
Name: English· Latin
Clement IVCLEMENS Quartus
Personal name
Gui Foucois
Date and place of birth
23 November 1190 Saint-Gilles, Languedoc, Kingdom of France
Age at start/end of papacy
62 / 66
Notes
Subject of the Kingdom of France.
Interregnum
Interregnum
Pontiffnumber
—
Pontificate
29 November 1268 –1 September 1271(2 years, 276 days)
Name: English· Latin
Interregnum
Personal name
Almost three-year period without a valid pope elected. This was due to a deadlock among cardinals voting for the pope.
Bl. Gregory XGREGORIVS Decimus
Bl. Gregory XGREGORIVS Decimus
Pontiffnumber
184
Pontificate
1 September 1271 –10 January 1276(4 years, 131 days)
Name: English· Latin
Bl. Gregory XGREGORIVS Decimus
Personal name
Teobaldo Visconti
Date and place of birth
c. 1210Free Commune of Piacenza (city-state)
Age at start/end of papacy
61 / 66
Notes
Citizen of the Free Commune of Piacenza. Convened the Second Council of Lyon and issued the bull Ubi periculum (1274), regulating conclaves until the 20th century.
Bl. Innocent VINNOCENTIVS Quintus
Bl. Innocent VINNOCENTIVS Quintus
Pontiffnumber
185
Pontificate
21 January 1276 –22 June 1276(153 days)
Name: English· Latin
Bl. Innocent VINNOCENTIVS Quintus
Personal name
Pierre de Tarentaise, O.P.
Date and place of birth
c. 1225 County of Savoy
Age at start/end of papacy
52 / 52
Notes
Subject of the County of Savoy. Was of French ethnicity. Member of the Dominican Order. First pope elected in a conclave.
Adrian VHADRIANVS Quintus
Adrian VHADRIANVS Quintus
Pontiffnumber
186
Pontificate
11 July 1276 –18 August 1276(38 days)
Name: English· Latin
Adrian VHADRIANVS Quintus
Personal name
Ottobuono Fieschi
Date and place of birth
c. 1216 Genoa, Republic of Genoa
Age at start/end of papacy
60 / 60
Notes
Citizen of the Republic of Genoa. Annulled Gregory X's Ubi periculum regarding the regulations of conclaves.
John XXIIOANNES Vicesimus Primus
John XXIIOANNES Vicesimus Primus
Pontiffnumber
187
Pontificate
8 September 1276 –20 May 1277(254 days)
Name: English· Latin
John XXIIOANNES Vicesimus Primus
Personal name
Pedro Julião
Date and place of birth
c. 1215 Lisbon, Kingdom of Portugal
Age at start/end of papacy
61 / 62
Notes
Subject of the Kingdom of Portugal. Due to a confusion over the numbering of popes named John in the 13th century, the ordinal XX was skipped.
Nicholas IIINICOLAVS Tertius
Nicholas IIINICOLAVS Tertius
Pontiffnumber
188
Pontificate
25 November 1277 –22 August 1280(2 years, 271 days)
Name: English· Latin
Nicholas IIINICOLAVS Tertius
Personal name
Giovanni Gaetano Orsini
Date and place of birth
c. 1216 Rome, Papal States
Age at start/end of papacy
61 / 64
Notes
Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States.
Martin IVMARTINVS Quartus
Martin IVMARTINVS Quartus
Pontiffnumber
189
Pontificate
22 February 1281 –28 March 1285(4 years, 34 days)
Name: English· Latin
Martin IVMARTINVS Quartus
Personal name
Simon de Brion
Date and place of birth
c. 1210 Meinpicien, Touraine, Kingdom of France
Age at start/end of papacy
71 / 75
Notes
Subject of the Kingdom of France. Sicilian Vespers; ordered the Aragonese Crusade.
Honorius IVHONORIVS Quartus
Honorius IVHONORIVS Quartus
Pontiffnumber
190
Pontificate
2 April 1285 –3 April 1287(2 years, 1 day)
Name: English· Latin
Honorius IVHONORIVS Quartus
Personal name
Giacomo Savelli
Date and place of birth
c. 1210 Rome, Papal States
Age at start/end of papacy
75 / 77
Notes
Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States.
Nicholas IVNICOLAVS Quartus
Nicholas IVNICOLAVS Quartus
Pontiffnumber
191
Pontificate
22 February 1288 –4 April 1292(4 years, 42 days)
Name: English· Latin
Nicholas IVNICOLAVS Quartus
Personal name
Girolamo Masci, O.F.M.
Date and place of birth
30 September 1227 Lisciano, Papal States
Age at start/end of papacy
60 / 64
Notes
Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Member of the Franciscan Order.
Interregnum
Interregnum
Pontiffnumber
—
Pontificate
4 April 1292 –5 July 1294(2 years, 92 days)
Name: English· Latin
Interregnum
Personal name
Two-year period without a valid pope elected. This was due to a deadlock among cardinals voting for the pope.
St Celestine VCOELESTINVS Quintus
St Celestine VCOELESTINVS Quintus
Pontiffnumber
192
Pontificate
5 July 1294 –13 December 1294(161 days)
Name: English· Latin
St Celestine VCOELESTINVS Quintus
Personal name
Pietro Angelerio da Morrone, O.S.B.
Date and place of birth
c. 1215 Sant'Angelo Limosano, Kingdom of Sicily
Age at start/end of papacy
79 / 79 (†81)
Notes
Subject of the Kingdom of Sicily. Member of the Order of Saint Benedict. Founded the Celestines. Reinstituted the rules of Ubi periculum. Last pope to abdicate on his own initiative until Benedict XVI (2013). Imprisoned and rumoured to have been murdered by order of Boniface VIII to prevent his potential election and installation as antipope.
Boniface VIIIBONIFATIVS Octavus
Boniface VIIIBONIFATIVS Octavus
Pontiffnumber
193
Pontificate
24 December 1294 –11 October 1303(8 years, 291 days)
Name: English· Latin
Boniface VIIIBONIFATIVS Octavus
Personal name
Benedetto Caetani
Date and place of birth
c. 1230 Anagni, Papal States
Age at start/end of papacy
64 / 73
Notes
Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Incorporated Ubi periculum into the canon law (1298). Formalized the jubilee (1300). Issued the bull Unam sanctam (1302), proclaiming papal supremacy and pushing it to its highest historical extreme.
Pontiffnumber
Pontificate
Portrait
Name: English· Latin
Personal name
Date and place of birth
Age at start/end of papacy
Notes
177
18 July 1216 –18 March 1227(10 years, 243 days)
Honorius IIIHONORIVS Tertius
Cencio Savelli
c. 1150 Rome, Papal States
66 / 77
Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Initiated the Fifth Crusade. Approved several religious and tertiary orders.
178
19 March 1227 –22 August 1241(14 years, 156 days)
Gregory IXGREGORIVS Nonus
Ugolino dei Conti di Segni
c. 1145 Anagni, Papal States
82 / 96
Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Initiated the inquisition in France and endorsed the Northern Crusades.
179
25 October 1241 –10 November 1241(16 days)
Celestine IVCOELESTINVS Quartus
Goffredo Castiglioni
c. 1180Free Commune of Milan (city-state)
61 / 61
Citizen of the Free Commune of Milan. Died before coronation.
180
25 June 1243 –7 December 1254(11 years, 165 days)
Innocent IVINNOCENTIVS Quartus
Sinibaldo Fieschi
c. 1195 Genoa, Republic of Genoa
48 / 60
Citizen of the Republic of Genoa. Convened the First Council of Lyon (1245). Issued the bull Ad extirpanda (1252), permitting the torture of heretics.
181
12 December 1254 –25 May 1261(6 years, 164 days)
Alexander IVALEXANDER Quartus
Rinaldo dei Conti di Segni
c. 1199 Jenne, Papal States
55 / 62
Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. First pope born after the Papal States ceased to be a state of the Holy Roman Empire in 1177. Restored the papal inquisition in France.
182
29 August 1261 –2 October 1264(3 years, 34 days)
Urban IVVRBANVS Quartus
Jacques Pantaléon
c. 1195 Troyes, County of Champagne, Kingdom of France
66 / 69
Subject of the Kingdom of France. Instituted the feast of Corpus Christi (1264).
183
5 February 1265 –29 November 1268(3 years, 298 days)
Clement IVCLEMENS Quartus
Gui Foucois
23 November 1190 Saint-Gilles, Languedoc, Kingdom of France
62 / 66
Subject of the Kingdom of France.
—
29 November 1268 –1 September 1271(2 years, 276 days)
Interregnum
Almost three-year period without a valid pope elected. This was due to a deadlock among cardinals voting for the pope.
184
1 September 1271 –10 January 1276(4 years, 131 days)
Bl. Gregory XGREGORIVS Decimus
Teobaldo Visconti
c. 1210Free Commune of Piacenza (city-state)
61 / 66
Citizen of the Free Commune of Piacenza. Convened the Second Council of Lyon and issued the bull Ubi periculum (1274), regulating conclaves until the 20th century.
185
21 January 1276 –22 June 1276(153 days)
Bl. Innocent VINNOCENTIVS Quintus
Pierre de Tarentaise, O.P.
c. 1225 County of Savoy
52 / 52
Subject of the County of Savoy. Was of French ethnicity. Member of the Dominican Order. First pope elected in a conclave.
186
11 July 1276 –18 August 1276(38 days)
Adrian VHADRIANVS Quintus
Ottobuono Fieschi
c. 1216 Genoa, Republic of Genoa
60 / 60
Citizen of the Republic of Genoa. Annulled Gregory X's Ubi periculum regarding the regulations of conclaves.
187
8 September 1276 –20 May 1277(254 days)
John XXIIOANNES Vicesimus Primus
Pedro Julião
c. 1215 Lisbon, Kingdom of Portugal
61 / 62
Subject of the Kingdom of Portugal. Due to a confusion over the numbering of popes named John in the 13th century, the ordinal XX was skipped.
188
25 November 1277 –22 August 1280(2 years, 271 days)
Nicholas IIINICOLAVS Tertius
Giovanni Gaetano Orsini
c. 1216 Rome, Papal States
61 / 64
Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States.
189
22 February 1281 –28 March 1285(4 years, 34 days)
Martin IVMARTINVS Quartus
Simon de Brion
c. 1210 Meinpicien, Touraine, Kingdom of France
71 / 75
Subject of the Kingdom of France. Sicilian Vespers; ordered the Aragonese Crusade.
190
2 April 1285 –3 April 1287(2 years, 1 day)
Honorius IVHONORIVS Quartus
Giacomo Savelli
c. 1210 Rome, Papal States
75 / 77
Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States.
191
22 February 1288 –4 April 1292(4 years, 42 days)
Nicholas IVNICOLAVS Quartus
Girolamo Masci, O.F.M.
30 September 1227 Lisciano, Papal States
60 / 64
Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Member of the Franciscan Order.
—
4 April 1292 –5 July 1294(2 years, 92 days)
Interregnum
Two-year period without a valid pope elected. This was due to a deadlock among cardinals voting for the pope.
192
5 July 1294 –13 December 1294(161 days)
St Celestine VCOELESTINVS Quintus
Pietro Angelerio da Morrone, O.S.B.
c. 1215 Sant'Angelo Limosano, Kingdom of Sicily
79 / 79 (†81)
Subject of the Kingdom of Sicily. Member of the Order of Saint Benedict. Founded the Celestines. Reinstituted the rules of Ubi periculum. Last pope to abdicate on his own initiative until Benedict XVI (2013). Imprisoned and rumoured to have been murdered by order of Boniface VIII to prevent his potential election and installation as antipope.
193
24 December 1294 –11 October 1303(8 years, 291 days)
Boniface VIIIBONIFATIVS Octavus
Benedetto Caetani
c. 1230 Anagni, Papal States
64 / 73
Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Incorporated Ubi periculum into the canon law (1298). Formalized the jubilee (1300). Issued the bull Unam sanctam (1302), proclaiming papal supremacy and pushing it to its highest historical extreme.
Popes of the 14th century
Bl. Benedict XIBENEDICTVS Undecimus
Bl. Benedict XIBENEDICTVS Undecimus
Pontiffnumber
194
Pontificate
22 October 1303 –7 July 1304(259 days)
Name: English· Latin
Bl. Benedict XIBENEDICTVS Undecimus
Personal name
Niccolò Boccasini, O.P.
Date and place of birth
c. 1240 Treviso, Papal States
Age at start/end of papacy
63 / 64
Notes
Motto: Illustra faciem Tuam super servum Tuum ("Let Your face shine upon Your servant") Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Member of the Dominican Order. Reverted Boniface VIII's Unam sanctam.
Clement VCLEMENS Quintus
Clement VCLEMENS Quintus
Pontiffnumber
195
Pontificate
5 June 1305 –20 April 1314(8 years, 319 days)
Name: English· Latin
Clement VCLEMENS Quintus
Personal name
Raymond Bertrand de Got (or Goth)
Date and place of birth
c. 1264 Villandraut, Gascony, Kingdom of France
Age at start/end of papacy
41 / 50
Notes
Subject of the Kingdom of France. Moved the papacy to Avignon (1309). Convened the Council of Vienne (1311–1312). Initiated the persecution of the Knights Templar with the bull Pastoralis Praeeminentiae under pressure from King Philip IV of France.
Interregnum
Interregnum
Pontiffnumber
—
Pontificate
20 April 1314 –7 August 1316(2 years, 79 days)
Name: English· Latin
Interregnum
Personal name
Two-year period without a valid pope elected. This was due to a deadlock among cardinals voting for the pope.
John XXIIIOANNES Vicesimus Secundus
John XXIIIOANNES Vicesimus Secundus
Pontiffnumber
196
Pontificate
7 August 1316 –4 December 1334(18 years, 119 days)
Name: English· Latin
John XXIIIOANNES Vicesimus Secundus
Personal name
Jacques Duèze (or d'Euse)
Date and place of birth
c. 1244 Cahors, Quercy, Kingdom of France
Age at start/end of papacy
72 / 90
Notes
Subject of the Kingdom of France. Pope at Avignon. Controversial for his views on the beatific vision. Opposed the Franciscan understanding of the poverty of Christ and his apostles, famously leading William of Ockham to write against unlimited papal power.
Nicholas VNICOLAVS Quintus
Nicholas VNICOLAVS Quintus
Pontiffnumber
—
Pontificate
12 May 1328 –25 July 1330(2 years, 74 days)
Name: English· Latin
Nicholas VNICOLAVS Quintus
Personal name
Pietro Rainalducci, O.F.M.
Date and place of birth
1260 Corvaro, Papal States
Age at start/end of papacy
68 / 70 (†73)
Notes
Subject and later the claimant of the throne of the Papal States. In opposition to John XXII. Excommunicated and submitted to John XXII.
Benedict XIIBENEDICTVS Duodecimus
Benedict XIIBENEDICTVS Duodecimus
Pontiffnumber
197
Pontificate
20 December 1334 –25 April 1342(7 years, 126 days)
Name: English· Latin
Benedict XIIBENEDICTVS Duodecimus
Personal name
Jacques Fournier, O.Cist.
Date and place of birth
1285 Saverdun, County of Foix, Kingdom of France
Age at start/end of papacy
49 / 57
Notes
Subject of the Kingdom of France. Pope at Avignon. Member of the Order of Cistercians. Known for issuing the Apostolic constitution Benedictus Deus (1336). A careful pope who reformed monastic orders and opposed nepotism.
Clement VICLEMENS Sextus
Clement VICLEMENS Sextus
Pontiffnumber
198
Pontificate
7 May 1342 –6 December 1352(10 years, 213 days)
Name: English· Latin
Clement VICLEMENS Sextus
Personal name
Pierre Roger, O.S.B.
Date and place of birth
c. 1291 Maumont, Limousin, Kingdom of France
Age at start/end of papacy
51 / 61
Notes
Subject of the Kingdom of France. Pope at Avignon. Reigned during the Black Death and absolved those who died from it of their sins.
Innocent VIINNOCENTIVS Sextus
Innocent VIINNOCENTIVS Sextus
Pontiffnumber
199
Pontificate
18 December 1352 –12 September 1362(9 years, 268 days)
Name: English· Latin
Innocent VIINNOCENTIVS Sextus
Personal name
Étienne Aubert
Date and place of birth
c. 1282 Les Monts, Limousin, Kingdom of France
Age at start/end of papacy
70 / 80
Notes
Subject of the Kingdom of France. Pope at Avignon. Through his exertions, the Treaty of Brétigny was signed and ratified.
Bl. Urban VVRBANVS Quintus
Bl. Urban VVRBANVS Quintus
Pontiffnumber
200
Pontificate
28 September 1362 –19 December 1370(8 years, 82 days)
Name: English· Latin
Bl. Urban VVRBANVS Quintus
Personal name
Guillaume de Grimoard, O.S.B.
Date and place of birth
1310 Grizac, Languedoc, Kingdom of France
Age at start/end of papacy
52 / 60
Notes
Subject of the Kingdom of France. Pope at Avignon. Member of the Order of Saint Benedict. Reformed areas of education and sent missionary movements across Europe and Asia. His pontificate witnessed the Alexandrian and Savoyard crusades.
Gregory XIGREGORIVS Undecimus
Gregory XIGREGORIVS Undecimus
Pontiffnumber
201
Pontificate
30 December 1370 –27 March 1378(7 years, 87 days)
Name: English· Latin
Gregory XIGREGORIVS Undecimus
Personal name
Pierre Roger de Beaufort
Date and place of birth
c. 1329 Maumont, Limousin, Kingdom of France
Age at start/end of papacy
41 / 49
Notes
Subject of the Kingdom of France. Pope at Avignon; returned the seat of the papacy to Rome (1377). Last French pope.
Urban VIVRBANVS Sextus
Urban VIVRBANVS Sextus
Pontiffnumber
202
Pontificate
8 April 1378 –15 October 1389(11 years, 190 days)
Name: English· Latin
Urban VIVRBANVS Sextus
Personal name
Bartolomeo Prignano
Date and place of birth
c. 1318 Naples, Kingdom of Naples
Age at start/end of papacy
60 / 71
Notes
Subject of the Kingdom of Naples. Last pope to be elected outside the College of Cardinals. Reigned during the Western Schism.
Clement VIICLEMENS Septimus
Clement VIICLEMENS Septimus
Pontiffnumber
—
Pontificate
20 September 1378 –16 September 1394(15 years, 353 days)
Name: English· Latin
Clement VIICLEMENS Septimus
Personal name
Robert de Genève
Date and place of birth
1342 Chateau d'Annecy, County of Savoy
Age at start/end of papacy
36 / 52
Notes
Subject of the County of Savoy. Western Schism. In opposition to Urban VI and Boniface IX.
Boniface IXBONIFATIVS Nonus
Boniface IXBONIFATIVS Nonus
Pontiffnumber
203
Pontificate
2 November 1389 –1 October 1404(14 years, 334 days)
Name: English· Latin
Boniface IXBONIFATIVS Nonus
Personal name
Pietro Cybo Tomacelli
Date and place of birth
c. 1350 Naples, Kingdom of Naples
Age at start/end of papacy
39 / 54
Notes
Subject of the Kingdom of Naples. Reigned during the Western Schism.
Benedict XIIIBENEDICTVS Tertius Decimus
Benedict XIIIBENEDICTVS Tertius Decimus
Pontiffnumber
—
Pontificate
28 September 1394 –23 May 1423(28 years, 237 days)
Name: English· Latin
Benedict XIIIBENEDICTVS Tertius Decimus
Personal name
Pedro Martínez de Luna y Pérez de Gotor
Date and place of birth
25 November 1328 Illueca, Kingdom of Aragon
Age at start/end of papacy
66 / 94
Notes
Subject of the Kingdom of Aragon. Western Schism. In opposition to Boniface IX, Innocent VII, Gregory XII, Martin V, and the Pisan Antipopes Alexander V and John XXIII. Excommunicated on 27 July 1417.
Pontiffnumber
Pontificate
Portrait
Name: English· Latin
Personal name
Date and place of birth
Age at start/end of papacy
Notes
194
22 October 1303 –7 July 1304(259 days)
Bl. Benedict XIBENEDICTVS Undecimus
Niccolò Boccasini, O.P.
c. 1240 Treviso, Papal States
63 / 64
Motto: Illustra faciem Tuam super servum Tuum ("Let Your face shine upon Your servant") Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Member of the Dominican Order. Reverted Boniface VIII's Unam sanctam.
195
5 June 1305 –20 April 1314(8 years, 319 days)
Clement VCLEMENS Quintus
Raymond Bertrand de Got (or Goth)
c. 1264 Villandraut, Gascony, Kingdom of France
41 / 50
Subject of the Kingdom of France. Moved the papacy to Avignon (1309). Convened the Council of Vienne (1311–1312). Initiated the persecution of the Knights Templar with the bull Pastoralis Praeeminentiae under pressure from King Philip IV of France.
—
20 April 1314 –7 August 1316(2 years, 79 days)
Interregnum
Two-year period without a valid pope elected. This was due to a deadlock among cardinals voting for the pope.
196
7 August 1316 –4 December 1334(18 years, 119 days)
John XXIIIOANNES Vicesimus Secundus
Jacques Duèze (or d'Euse)
c. 1244 Cahors, Quercy, Kingdom of France
72 / 90
Subject of the Kingdom of France. Pope at Avignon. Controversial for his views on the beatific vision. Opposed the Franciscan understanding of the poverty of Christ and his apostles, famously leading William of Ockham to write against unlimited papal power.
—
12 May 1328 –25 July 1330(2 years, 74 days)
Nicholas VNICOLAVS Quintus
Pietro Rainalducci, O.F.M.
1260 Corvaro, Papal States
68 / 70 (†73)
Subject and later the claimant of the throne of the Papal States. In opposition to John XXII. Excommunicated and submitted to John XXII.
197
20 December 1334 –25 April 1342(7 years, 126 days)
Benedict XIIBENEDICTVS Duodecimus
Jacques Fournier, O.Cist.
1285 Saverdun, County of Foix, Kingdom of France
49 / 57
Subject of the Kingdom of France. Pope at Avignon. Member of the Order of Cistercians. Known for issuing the Apostolic constitution Benedictus Deus (1336). A careful pope who reformed monastic orders and opposed nepotism.
198
7 May 1342 –6 December 1352(10 years, 213 days)
Clement VICLEMENS Sextus
Pierre Roger, O.S.B.
c. 1291 Maumont, Limousin, Kingdom of France
51 / 61
Subject of the Kingdom of France. Pope at Avignon. Reigned during the Black Death and absolved those who died from it of their sins.
199
18 December 1352 –12 September 1362(9 years, 268 days)
Innocent VIINNOCENTIVS Sextus
Étienne Aubert
c. 1282 Les Monts, Limousin, Kingdom of France
70 / 80
Subject of the Kingdom of France. Pope at Avignon. Through his exertions, the Treaty of Brétigny was signed and ratified.
200
28 September 1362 –19 December 1370(8 years, 82 days)
Bl. Urban VVRBANVS Quintus
Guillaume de Grimoard, O.S.B.
1310 Grizac, Languedoc, Kingdom of France
52 / 60
Subject of the Kingdom of France. Pope at Avignon. Member of the Order of Saint Benedict. Reformed areas of education and sent missionary movements across Europe and Asia. His pontificate witnessed the Alexandrian and Savoyard crusades.
201
30 December 1370 –27 March 1378(7 years, 87 days)
Gregory XIGREGORIVS Undecimus
Pierre Roger de Beaufort
c. 1329 Maumont, Limousin, Kingdom of France
41 / 49
Subject of the Kingdom of France. Pope at Avignon; returned the seat of the papacy to Rome (1377). Last French pope.
202
8 April 1378 –15 October 1389(11 years, 190 days)
Urban VIVRBANVS Sextus
Bartolomeo Prignano
c. 1318 Naples, Kingdom of Naples
60 / 71
Subject of the Kingdom of Naples. Last pope to be elected outside the College of Cardinals. Reigned during the Western Schism.
—
20 September 1378 –16 September 1394(15 years, 353 days)
Clement VIICLEMENS Septimus
Robert de Genève
1342 Chateau d'Annecy, County of Savoy
36 / 52
Subject of the County of Savoy. Western Schism. In opposition to Urban VI and Boniface IX.
203
2 November 1389 –1 October 1404(14 years, 334 days)
Boniface IXBONIFATIVS Nonus
Pietro Cybo Tomacelli
c. 1350 Naples, Kingdom of Naples
39 / 54
Subject of the Kingdom of Naples. Reigned during the Western Schism.
—
28 September 1394 –23 May 1423(28 years, 237 days)
Benedict XIIIBENEDICTVS Tertius Decimus
Pedro Martínez de Luna y Pérez de Gotor
25 November 1328 Illueca, Kingdom of Aragon
66 / 94
Subject of the Kingdom of Aragon. Western Schism. In opposition to Boniface IX, Innocent VII, Gregory XII, Martin V, and the Pisan Antipopes Alexander V and John XXIII. Excommunicated on 27 July 1417.
Popes of the 15th century
Innocent VIIINNOCENTIVS Septimus
Innocent VIIINNOCENTIVS Septimus
Pontiffnumber
204
Pontificate
17 October 1404 –6 November 1406(2 years, 20 days)
Name: English· Latin
Innocent VIIINNOCENTIVS Septimus
Personal name
Cosimo Gentile Migliorati
Date and place of birth
1339 Sulmona, Kingdom of Naples
Age at start/end of papacy
65 / 67
Notes
Subject of the Kingdom of Naples. Reigned during the Western Schism.
Gregory XIIGREGORIVS Duodecimus
Gregory XIIGREGORIVS Duodecimus
Pontiffnumber
205
Pontificate
30 November 1406 –4 July 1415(8 years, 216 days)
Name: English· Latin
Gregory XIIGREGORIVS Duodecimus
Personal name
Angelo Correr
Date and place of birth
c. 1327 Venice, Republic of Venice
Age at start/end of papacy
79 / 88 (†90)
Notes
Citizen of the Republic of Venice. Reigned during the Western Schism. Confirmed the Council of Constance (1415); convinced to abdicate to end the Western Schism. Last pope to abdicate until Benedict XVI (2013).
Alexander VALEXANDER Quintus
Alexander VALEXANDER Quintus
Pontiffnumber
—
Pontificate
30 June 1409 –3 May 1410(307 days)
Name: English· Latin
Alexander VALEXANDER Quintus
Personal name
Pétros Philárgēs,O.F.M.
Date and place of birth
1339 Neapoli, Candia, Republic of Venice
Age at start/end of papacy
70 / 71
Notes
Citizen of the Republic of Venice. Was of Greek ethnicity. Western Schism. In opposition to Gregory XII. Considered a legitimate pope until 1963 and is still numbered as such to this day.
John XXIIIIOANNES Vicesimus Tertius
John XXIIIIOANNES Vicesimus Tertius
Pontiffnumber
—
Pontificate
25 May 1410 –29 May 1415(5 years, 4 days)
Name: English· Latin
John XXIIIIOANNES Vicesimus Tertius
Personal name
Baldassarre Cossa
Date and place of birth
1365 Procida, Kingdom of Naples
Age at start/end of papacy
45 / 50 (†54)
Notes
Subject of the Kingdom of Naples. Western Schism. In opposition to Gregory XII. Convened the Council of Constance (1414). Deposed. Became the dean of the College of Cardinals in 1417. Was considered a legitimate pope until 1958.
Interregnum
Interregnum
Pontiffnumber
—
Pontificate
4 July 1415 –11 November 1417(2 years, 136 days)
Name: English· Latin
Interregnum
Personal name
Two-year period without a valid pope elected. The Council of Constance (1414–1418) called on all three papal claimants to abdicate, but only Gregory XII (Roman) did. John XXIII (Pisan) was deposed, Benedict XIII (Avignon) was excommunicated, and a new pope (Martin V) was elected.
Martin VMARTINVS Quintus
Martin VMARTINVS Quintus
Pontiffnumber
206
Pontificate
11 November 1417 –20 February 1431(13 years, 101 days)
Name: English· Latin
Martin VMARTINVS Quintus
Personal name
Oddone Colonna
Date and place of birth
January–February 1369 Genazzano, Papal States
Age at start/end of papacy
48 / 62
Notes
Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. His election effectively ended the Western Schism. Convened the Council of Basel (1431); initiated the Hussite Wars.
Clement VIIICLEMENS Octavus
Clement VIIICLEMENS Octavus
Pontiffnumber
—
Pontificate
10 June 1423 –26 July 1429(6 years, 36 days)
Name: English· Latin
Clement VIIICLEMENS Octavus
Personal name
Gil Sánchez Muñoz y Carbón
Date and place of birth
1369 Teruel, Kingdom of Aragon
Age at start/end of papacy
54 / 60 (†77)
Notes
Subject of the Kingdom of Aragon. Western Schism. In opposition to Martin V. Later submitted to Martin V.
Benedict XIVBENEDICTVS Quartus Decimus
Benedict XIVBENEDICTVS Quartus Decimus
Pontiffnumber
—
Pontificate
1424 – 1429(5 years)
Name: English· Latin
Benedict XIVBENEDICTVS Quartus Decimus
Personal name
Bernard Garnier
Date and place of birth
Kingdom of France
Notes
Subject of the Kingdom of France. Two antipope claimants.
Benedict XIVBENEDICTVS Quartus Decimus
Benedict XIVBENEDICTVS Quartus Decimus
Pontiffnumber
—
Pontificate
1430 – 1437(7 years)
Name: English· Latin
Benedict XIVBENEDICTVS Quartus Decimus
Personal name
Jean Carrier
Date and place of birth
Kingdom of France
Notes
Subject of the Kingdom of France. Two antipope claimants.
Eugene IVEVGENIVS Quartus
Eugene IVEVGENIVS Quartus
Pontiffnumber
207
Pontificate
3 March 1431 –23 February 1447(15 years, 357 days)
Name: English· Latin
Eugene IVEVGENIVS Quartus
Personal name
Gabriele Condulmer, Can.Reg.
Date and place of birth
1383 Venice, Republic of Venice
Age at start/end of papacy
48 / 64
Notes
Citizen of the Republic of Venice. Nephew of Gregory XII. Canon Regular of San Giorgio in Alga. Crowned Emperor Sigismund at Rome in 1433. Issued the papal bull Creator Omnium (1434), rescinding any recognition of Portugal's right to conquer the still-pagan Canary Islands and excommunicating anyone who enslaved the newly-converted Christians, the penalty to stand until the captives were restored to their freedom and possessions. Transferred the Council of Basel to Ferrara (1438); it was eventually transferred again to Florence (1439–1445) to avoid the bubonic plague.
Felix VFELIX Quintus
Felix VFELIX Quintus
Pontiffnumber
—
Pontificate
5 November 1439 –7 April 1449(9 years, 153 days)
Name: English· Latin
Felix VFELIX Quintus
Personal name
Amédée de Savoie
Date and place of birth
4 September 1383 Chambéry, County of Savoy
Age at start/end of papacy
56 / 65 (†67)
Notes
Subject of the County of Savoy. In opposition to Eugene IV and Nicholas V. Later submitted to Nicholas V. Also ruled as count and then duke of Savoy.
Nicholas VNICOLAVS Quintus
Nicholas VNICOLAVS Quintus
Pontiffnumber
208
Pontificate
6 March 1447 –24 March 1455(8 years, 18 days)
Name: English· Latin
Nicholas VNICOLAVS Quintus
Personal name
Tommaso Parentucelli
Date and place of birth
13 November 1397 Sarzana, Republic of Genoa
Age at start/end of papacy
49 / 57
Notes
Citizen of the Republic of Genoa. Held the 1450 jubilee. Crowned Emperor Frederick III at Rome in 1452. Issued the bull Dum Diversas (1452), recognizing Portugal's right to conquer and subjugate the Saracens and pagans. Created a library in the Vatican, which would eventually become the Bibliotheca Apostolica Vaticana.
Callixtus IIICALLISTVS Tertius
Callixtus IIICALLISTVS Tertius
Pontiffnumber
209
Pontificate
8 April 1455 –6 August 1458(3 years, 120 days)
Name: English· Latin
Callixtus IIICALLISTVS Tertius
Personal name
Alfons de Borja
Date and place of birth
31 December 1378 Xàtiva, Kingdom of Valencia
Age at start/end of papacy
76 / 79
Notes
Subject of the Kingdom of Valencia (and therefore subject of the Crown of Aragon). First Valencian pope. Instituted the Feast of the Transfiguration to be celebrated on 6 August. Ordered the retrial of Joan of Arc, leading to her vindication. Elevated his nephews to cardinals, one of whom later became Pope Alexander VI.
Pius IIPIVS Secundus
Pius IIPIVS Secundus
Pontiffnumber
210
Pontificate
19 August 1458 –15 August 1464(5 years, 362 days)
Name: English· Latin
Pius IIPIVS Secundus
Personal name
Enea Silvio Bartolomeo Piccolomini
Date and place of birth
18 October 1405 Corsignano, Republic of Siena
Age at start/end of papacy
52 / 58
Notes
Citizen of the Republic of Siena. Displayed a great interest in urban planning. Founded Pienza near Siena as the ideal city in 1462. Known for his work on the Commentaries.
Paul IIPAVLVS Secundus
Paul IIPAVLVS Secundus
Pontiffnumber
211
Pontificate
30 August 1464 –26 July 1471(6 years, 330 days)
Name: English· Latin
Paul IIPAVLVS Secundus
Personal name
Pietro Barbo
Date and place of birth
23 February 1417 Venice, Republic of Venice
Age at start/end of papacy
47 / 54
Notes
Citizen of the Republic of Venice. Nephew of Eugene IV. Built the Palazzo San Marco (now Palazzo Venezia). Approved the introduction of printing in the Papal States.
Sixtus IVXYSTVS Quartus
Sixtus IVXYSTVS Quartus
Pontiffnumber
212
Pontificate
9 August 1471 –12 August 1484(13 years, 3 days)
Name: English· Latin
Sixtus IVXYSTVS Quartus
Personal name
Francesco della Rovere, O.F.M.
Date and place of birth
21 July 1414 Celle Ligure, Republic of Genoa
Age at start/end of papacy
57 / 70
Notes
Citizen of the Republic of Genoa. Member of the Franciscan Order. Commissioned the Sistine Chapel and created the Vatican Archives. Authorized the Spanish Inquisition at the request of the Catholic Monarchs of Spain, targeting converted Jewish Christians in Spain. A patron of the arts; he brought together the group of artists who ushered the Early Renaissance into Rome with the first masterpieces of the city's new artistic age. Known for his nepotism and involvement in the Pazzi conspiracy.
Innocent VIIIINNOCENTIVS Octavus
Innocent VIIIINNOCENTIVS Octavus
Pontiffnumber
213
Pontificate
29 August 1484 –25 July 1492(7 years, 331 days)
Name: English· Latin
Innocent VIIIINNOCENTIVS Octavus
Personal name
Giovanni Battista Cybo
Date and place of birth
1432 Genoa, Republic of Genoa
Age at start/end of papacy
52 / 60
Notes
Citizen of the Republic of Genoa. Appointed Tomás de Torquemada as the inquisitor general of the Spanish Inquisition. Endorsed the prosecution of witchcraft in the bull Summis desiderantes affectibus (1484).
Alexander VIALEXANDER Sextus
Alexander VIALEXANDER Sextus
Pontiffnumber
214
Pontificate
11 August 1492 –18 August 1503(11 years, 7 days)
Name: English· Latin
Alexander VIALEXANDER Sextus
Personal name
Roderic Llançol i de Borja
Date and place of birth
1 January 1431 Xàtiva, Kingdom of Valencia
Age at start/end of papacy
61 / 72
Notes
Subject of the Kingdom of Valencia (and therefore subject of the Crown of Aragon). Nephew of Callixtus III; father to both Cesare Borgia and Lucrezia Borgia. Divided the extra-European world between Spain and Portugal in the papal bull Inter caetera (1493). Considered as one of the most controversial of the Renaissance popes, partly because he acknowledged fathering several children by his mistresses. As a result, his Italianized Valencian surname, Borgia, became a byword for libertinism and nepotism, traditionally considered as characterizing his pontificate.
Pontiffnumber
Pontificate
Portrait
Name: English· Latin
Personal name
Date and place of birth
Age at start/end of papacy
Notes
204
17 October 1404 –6 November 1406(2 years, 20 days)
Innocent VIIINNOCENTIVS Septimus
Cosimo Gentile Migliorati
1339 Sulmona, Kingdom of Naples
65 / 67
Subject of the Kingdom of Naples. Reigned during the Western Schism.
205
30 November 1406 –4 July 1415(8 years, 216 days)
Gregory XIIGREGORIVS Duodecimus
Angelo Correr
c. 1327 Venice, Republic of Venice
79 / 88 (†90)
Citizen of the Republic of Venice. Reigned during the Western Schism. Confirmed the Council of Constance (1415); convinced to abdicate to end the Western Schism. Last pope to abdicate until Benedict XVI (2013).
—
30 June 1409 –3 May 1410(307 days)
Alexander VALEXANDER Quintus
Pétros Philárgēs,O.F.M.
1339 Neapoli, Candia, Republic of Venice
70 / 71
Citizen of the Republic of Venice. Was of Greek ethnicity. Western Schism. In opposition to Gregory XII. Considered a legitimate pope until 1963 and is still numbered as such to this day.
—
25 May 1410 –29 May 1415(5 years, 4 days)
John XXIIIIOANNES Vicesimus Tertius
Baldassarre Cossa
1365 Procida, Kingdom of Naples
45 / 50 (†54)
Subject of the Kingdom of Naples. Western Schism. In opposition to Gregory XII. Convened the Council of Constance (1414). Deposed. Became the dean of the College of Cardinals in 1417. Was considered a legitimate pope until 1958.
—
4 July 1415 –11 November 1417(2 years, 136 days)
Interregnum
Two-year period without a valid pope elected. The Council of Constance (1414–1418) called on all three papal claimants to abdicate, but only Gregory XII (Roman) did. John XXIII (Pisan) was deposed, Benedict XIII (Avignon) was excommunicated, and a new pope (Martin V) was elected.
206
11 November 1417 –20 February 1431(13 years, 101 days)
Martin VMARTINVS Quintus
Oddone Colonna
January–February 1369 Genazzano, Papal States
48 / 62
Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. His election effectively ended the Western Schism. Convened the Council of Basel (1431); initiated the Hussite Wars.
—
10 June 1423 –26 July 1429(6 years, 36 days)
Clement VIIICLEMENS Octavus
Gil Sánchez Muñoz y Carbón
1369 Teruel, Kingdom of Aragon
54 / 60 (†77)
Subject of the Kingdom of Aragon. Western Schism. In opposition to Martin V. Later submitted to Martin V.
—
1424 – 1429(5 years)
Benedict XIVBENEDICTVS Quartus Decimus
Bernard Garnier
Kingdom of France
Subject of the Kingdom of France. Two antipope claimants.
—
1430 – 1437(7 years)
Benedict XIVBENEDICTVS Quartus Decimus
Jean Carrier
Kingdom of France
Subject of the Kingdom of France. Two antipope claimants.
207
3 March 1431 –23 February 1447(15 years, 357 days)
Eugene IVEVGENIVS Quartus
Gabriele Condulmer, Can.Reg.
1383 Venice, Republic of Venice
48 / 64
Citizen of the Republic of Venice. Nephew of Gregory XII. Canon Regular of San Giorgio in Alga. Crowned Emperor Sigismund at Rome in 1433. Issued the papal bull Creator Omnium (1434), rescinding any recognition of Portugal's right to conquer the still-pagan Canary Islands and excommunicating anyone who enslaved the newly-converted Christians, the penalty to stand until the captives were restored to their freedom and possessions. Transferred the Council of Basel to Ferrara (1438); it was eventually transferred again to Florence (1439–1445) to avoid the bubonic plague.
—
5 November 1439 –7 April 1449(9 years, 153 days)
Felix VFELIX Quintus
Amédée de Savoie
4 September 1383 Chambéry, County of Savoy
56 / 65 (†67)
Subject of the County of Savoy. In opposition to Eugene IV and Nicholas V. Later submitted to Nicholas V. Also ruled as count and then duke of Savoy.
208
6 March 1447 –24 March 1455(8 years, 18 days)
Nicholas VNICOLAVS Quintus
Tommaso Parentucelli
13 November 1397 Sarzana, Republic of Genoa
49 / 57
Citizen of the Republic of Genoa. Held the 1450 jubilee. Crowned Emperor Frederick III at Rome in 1452. Issued the bull Dum Diversas (1452), recognizing Portugal's right to conquer and subjugate the Saracens and pagans. Created a library in the Vatican, which would eventually become the Bibliotheca Apostolica Vaticana.
209
8 April 1455 –6 August 1458(3 years, 120 days)
Callixtus IIICALLISTVS Tertius
Alfons de Borja
31 December 1378 Xàtiva, Kingdom of Valencia
76 / 79
Subject of the Kingdom of Valencia (and therefore subject of the Crown of Aragon). First Valencian pope. Instituted the Feast of the Transfiguration to be celebrated on 6 August. Ordered the retrial of Joan of Arc, leading to her vindication. Elevated his nephews to cardinals, one of whom later became Pope Alexander VI.
210
19 August 1458 –15 August 1464(5 years, 362 days)
Pius IIPIVS Secundus
Enea Silvio Bartolomeo Piccolomini
18 October 1405 Corsignano, Republic of Siena
52 / 58
Citizen of the Republic of Siena. Displayed a great interest in urban planning. Founded Pienza near Siena as the ideal city in 1462. Known for his work on the Commentaries.
211
30 August 1464 –26 July 1471(6 years, 330 days)
Paul IIPAVLVS Secundus
Pietro Barbo
23 February 1417 Venice, Republic of Venice
47 / 54
Citizen of the Republic of Venice. Nephew of Eugene IV. Built the Palazzo San Marco (now Palazzo Venezia). Approved the introduction of printing in the Papal States.
212
9 August 1471 –12 August 1484(13 years, 3 days)
Sixtus IVXYSTVS Quartus
Francesco della Rovere, O.F.M.
21 July 1414 Celle Ligure, Republic of Genoa
57 / 70
Citizen of the Republic of Genoa. Member of the Franciscan Order. Commissioned the Sistine Chapel and created the Vatican Archives. Authorized the Spanish Inquisition at the request of the Catholic Monarchs of Spain, targeting converted Jewish Christians in Spain. A patron of the arts; he brought together the group of artists who ushered the Early Renaissance into Rome with the first masterpieces of the city's new artistic age. Known for his nepotism and involvement in the Pazzi conspiracy.
213
29 August 1484 –25 July 1492(7 years, 331 days)
Innocent VIIIINNOCENTIVS Octavus
Giovanni Battista Cybo
1432 Genoa, Republic of Genoa
52 / 60
Citizen of the Republic of Genoa. Appointed Tomás de Torquemada as the inquisitor general of the Spanish Inquisition. Endorsed the prosecution of witchcraft in the bull Summis desiderantes affectibus (1484).
214
11 August 1492 –18 August 1503(11 years, 7 days)
Alexander VIALEXANDER Sextus
Roderic Llançol i de Borja
1 January 1431 Xàtiva, Kingdom of Valencia
61 / 72
Subject of the Kingdom of Valencia (and therefore subject of the Crown of Aragon). Nephew of Callixtus III; father to both Cesare Borgia and Lucrezia Borgia. Divided the extra-European world between Spain and Portugal in the papal bull Inter caetera (1493). Considered as one of the most controversial of the Renaissance popes, partly because he acknowledged fathering several children by his mistresses. As a result, his Italianized Valencian surname, Borgia, became a byword for libertinism and nepotism, traditionally considered as characterizing his pontificate.
Popes of the 16th century
Pius IIIPIVS Tertius
Pius IIIPIVS Tertius
Pontiffnumber
215
Pontificate
22 September 1503 –18 October 1503(26 days)
Name: English· Latin
Pius IIIPIVS Tertius
Personal name
Francesco Todeschini-Piccolomini
Date and place of birth
29 May 1439 Siena, Republic of Siena
Age at start/end of papacy
64 / 64
Notes
Citizen of the Republic of Siena. Nephew of Pius II. Founded the Piccolomini Library in the Siena Cathedral.
Julius IIIVLIVS Secundus
Julius IIIVLIVS Secundus
Pontiffnumber
216
Pontificate
31 October 1503 –21 February 1513(9 years, 113 days)
Name: English· Latin
Julius IIIVLIVS Secundus
Personal name
Giuliano della Rovere, O.F.M.
Date and place of birth
5 December 1443 Albisola, Republic of Genoa
Age at start/end of papacy
59 / 69
Notes
Citizen of the Republic of Genoa. Nephew of Sixtus IV. Member of the Franciscan Order. Nicknamed the "Warrior Pope" or the "Fearsome Pope". Became pope in the context of the Italian Wars, a period in which the major powers of Europe fought for primacy in the Italian peninsula. Took control of all the Papal States for the first time. Established the Vatican Museums and initiated the rebuilding of St. Peter's Basilica. The same year, he organized the famous Swiss Guard for his personal protection and commanded a successful campaign in Romagna against the local lords. The interests of Julius II also lay in the New World, as he ratified the Treaty of Tordesillas (1506), establishing the first bishoprics in the Americas and starting the catholicization of Latin America. Commissioned the four Raphael Rooms and Michelangelo's paintings in the Sistine Chapel (1508). Convened the Fifth Council of the Lateran (1512). Julius II was described by Machiavelli in his works as the ideal prince. Julius II allowed people seeking indulgences to donate money to the Church, which would be used for the construction of St. Peter's Basilica.
Leo XLEO Decimus
Leo XLEO Decimus
Pontiffnumber
217
Pontificate
9 March 1513 –1 December 1521(8 years, 267 days)
Name: English· Latin
Leo XLEO Decimus
Personal name
Giovanni di Lorenzo de' Medici
Date and place of birth
11 December 1475 Florence, Republic of Florence
Age at start/end of papacy
37 / 45
Notes
Citizen of the Republic of Florence. Son of Lorenzo the Magnificent. Closed the Fifth Council of the Lateran (1517). Remembered for granting indulgences to those who donated to rebuild St. Peter's Basilica and for excommunicating Martin Luther (1521). Extended the Spanish Inquisition into Portugal. Borrowed and spent money without circumspection and was a significant patron of the arts. Under his reign, progress was made on the rebuilding of St. Peter's Basilica, and artists such as Raphael decorated the Vatican rooms. Leo X also reorganized the Roman University and promoted the study of literature, poetry, and antiquities. Last pope to not have been in the priestly orders at the time of his election to the papacy.
Adrian VIHADRIANVS Sextus
Adrian VIHADRIANVS Sextus
Pontiffnumber
218
Pontificate
9 January 1522 –14 September 1523(1 year, 248 days)
Name: English· Latin
Adrian VIHADRIANVS Sextus
Personal name
Adriaan Floriszoon Boeyens
Date and place of birth
2 March 1459 Utrecht, Bishopric of Utrecht
Age at start/end of papacy
62 / 64
Notes
Motto: Patere et sustine ("Respect and wait") Subject of the Bishopric of Utrecht. The only Dutch pope; last non-Italian to be elected pope until John Paul II in 1978. Tutor of Emperor Charles V. Came to the papacy in the midst of one of its greatest crises, threatened not only by Lutheranism to the north, but also by the advance of the Ottoman Turks to the east. He refused to compromise with Lutheranism theologically, demanding Martin Luther's condemnation as a heretic. However, he is noted for his attempt to reform the Catholic Church administratively in response to the Protestant Reformation. Adrian VI's remarkable admission that the turmoil of the Church was the fault of the Roman Curia itself was read at the 1522–1523 Diet of Nuremberg. His efforts at reform, however, proved fruitless, as they were resisted by most of his Renaissance ecclesiastical contemporaries, and he did not live long enough to see his efforts through to their conclusion.
Clement VIICLEMENS Septimus
Clement VIICLEMENS Septimus
Pontiffnumber
219
Pontificate
26 November 1523 –25 September 1534(10 years, 303 days)
Name: English· Latin
Clement VIICLEMENS Septimus
Personal name
Giulio di Giuliano de' Medici
Date and place of birth
26 May 1478 Florence, Republic of Florence
Age at start/end of papacy
45 / 56
Notes
Motto: Candor illaesus ("Unharmed candor") Citizen of the Republic of Florence. Cousin of Leo X. Rome was sacked by imperial troops (1527). Forbade the divorce of King Henry VIII of England. Crowned Emperor Charles V at Bologna in 1530. Commissioned Michelangelo's painting of The Last Judgment in the Sistine Chapel (1533). Approved Copernicus's heliocentric model of the universe (1533). The niece of the pope was married to the future Henry II of France (1533). Recognized the Order of Friars Minor Capuchin (Capuchins).
Paul IIIPAVLVS Tertius
Paul IIIPAVLVS Tertius
Pontiffnumber
220
Pontificate
13 October 1534 –10 November 1549(15 years, 28 days)
Name: English· Latin
Paul IIIPAVLVS Tertius
Personal name
Alessandro Farnese
Date and place of birth
29 February 1468 Canino, Papal States
Age at start/end of papacy
66 / 81
Notes
Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Recognized the Jesuits (1540). Opened the Council of Trent (1545). His illegitimate son became the first duke of Parma. Decreed the second and final excommunication of King Henry VIII of England. Appointed Michelangelo to supervise construction of St. Peter's Basilica (1546).
Julius IIIIVLIVS Tertius
Julius IIIIVLIVS Tertius
Pontiffnumber
221
Pontificate
7 February 1550 –29 March 1555(5 years, 50 days)
Name: English· Latin
Julius IIIIVLIVS Tertius
Personal name
Giovanni Maria Ciocchi del Monte
Date and place of birth
10 September 1487 Rome, Papal States
Age at start/end of papacy
62 / 67
Notes
Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Reopened the Council of Trent (1551). Established the Collegium Germanicum (1552). The Innocenzo Scandal.
Marcellus IIMARCELLVS Secundus
Marcellus IIMARCELLVS Secundus
Pontiffnumber
222
Pontificate
9 April 1555 –1 May 1555(22 days)
Name: English· Latin
Marcellus IIMARCELLVS Secundus
Personal name
Marcello Cervini degli Spannochi
Date and place of birth
6 May 1501 Montefano, Papal States
Age at start/end of papacy
53 / 53
Notes
Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Last to use his birth name as his papal name. Instituted immediate economies in the expenditure of the Holy See. The Missa Papae Marcelli was composed in his honour.
Paul IVPAVLVS Quartus
Paul IVPAVLVS Quartus
Pontiffnumber
223
Pontificate
23 May 1555 –18 August 1559(4 years, 87 days)
Name: English· Latin
Paul IVPAVLVS Quartus
Personal name
Gian Pietro Carafa, C.R.
Date and place of birth
28 June 1476 Capriglia Irpina, Kingdom of Naples
Age at start/end of papacy
78 / 83
Notes
Motto: Dominus mihi adjutor ("The Lord is my helper") Subject of the Kingdom of Naples. Founder and member of the Theatines. Established the Roman Ghetto in the bull Cum nimis absurdum (1555) and published the Index of Forbidden Books (1559). Ordered Michelangelo to repaint the nude figures in The Last Judgment modestly.
Pius IVPIVS Quartus
Pius IVPIVS Quartus
Pontiffnumber
224
Pontificate
26 December 1559 –9 December 1565(5 years, 348 days)
Name: English· Latin
Pius IVPIVS Quartus
Personal name
Giovanni Angelo Medici
Date and place of birth
31 March 1499 Milan, Duchy of Milan
Age at start/end of papacy
60 / 66
Notes
Subject of the Duchy of Milan. Reopened and closed the Council of Trent (1563). Ordered public construction to improve the water supply of Rome. Instituted the Tridentine Creed.
St Pius VPIVS Quintus
St Pius VPIVS Quintus
Pontiffnumber
225
Pontificate
7 January 1566 –1 May 1572(6 years, 115 days)
Name: English· Latin
St Pius VPIVS Quintus
Personal name
Antonio Ghislieri, O.P.
Date and place of birth
17 January 1504 Bosco, Duchy of Milan
Age at start/end of papacy
61 / 68
Notes
Motto: Utinam dirigantur viae meae ad custodiendas ("O that my ways may be steadfast in keeping Thy statutes") Subject of the Duchy of Milan. Member of the Dominican Order, with the religious name Michele. Excommunicated Queen Elizabeth I of England. Issued the 1570 Roman Missal. Battle of Lepanto (1571); instituted the feast of Our Lady of Victory.
Gregory XIIIGREGORIVS Tertius Decimus
Gregory XIIIGREGORIVS Tertius Decimus
Pontiffnumber
226
Pontificate
13 May 1572 –10 April 1585(12 years, 322 days)
Name: English· Latin
Gregory XIIIGREGORIVS Tertius Decimus
Personal name
Ugo Boncompagni
Date and place of birth
7 January 1502 Bologna, Papal States
Age at start/end of papacy
70 / 83
Notes
Motto: Aperuit et clausit ("Opened and closed") Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Built the Gregorian Chapel in the Vatican. First pope to bestow the Immaculate Conception as the patron saint of the Philippine Islands through the bull Ilius Fulti Praesido (1579). Strengthened diplomatic ties with Asian nations. Reformed the calendar (1582).
Sixtus VXYSTVS Quintus
Sixtus VXYSTVS Quintus
Pontiffnumber
227
Pontificate
24 April 1585 –27 August 1590(5 years, 125 days)
Name: English· Latin
Sixtus VXYSTVS Quintus
Personal name
Felice Peretti di Montalto, O.F.M. Conv.
Date and place of birth
13 December 1521 Grottammare, Papal States
Age at start/end of papacy
63 / 68
Notes
Motto: Aqua et panis, vita canis ("Water and bread are a dog's life") Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Member of the Conventual Franciscan Order. Fixed and completed building works to major basilicas in Rome. Limited the College of Cardinals to 70 in number; doubled the number of Curial congregations (1588).
Urban VIIVRBANVS Septimus
Urban VIIVRBANVS Septimus
Pontiffnumber
228
Pontificate
15 September 1590 –27 September 1590(12 days)
Name: English· Latin
Urban VIIVRBANVS Septimus
Personal name
Giovanni Battista Castagna
Date and place of birth
4 August 1521 Rome, Papal States
Age at start/end of papacy
69 / 69
Notes
Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Supported by Spain. Shortest-reigning pope; died before coronation. Set the first known worldwide smoking ban, banning smoking in and near all churches.
Gregory XIVGREGORIVS Quartus Decimus
Gregory XIVGREGORIVS Quartus Decimus
Pontiffnumber
229
Pontificate
5 December 1590 –16 October 1591(315 days)
Name: English· Latin
Gregory XIVGREGORIVS Quartus Decimus
Personal name
Niccolò Sfondrati
Date and place of birth
11 February 1535 Somma Lombardo, Duchy of Milan
Age at start/end of papacy
55 / 56
Notes
Subject of the Duchy of Milan. Modified the constitution Effraenatam of Sixtus V so that the penalty for abortion did not apply until the foetus became animated. Made gambling on papal elections punishable by excommunication through the bull Cogit nos (1591) to maintain the sanctity and seriousness of the election process.
Innocent IXINNOCENTIVS Nonus
Innocent IXINNOCENTIVS Nonus
Pontiffnumber
230
Pontificate
29 October 1591 –30 December 1591(62 days)
Name: English· Latin
Innocent IXINNOCENTIVS Nonus
Personal name
Giovanni Antonio Facchinetti
Date and place of birth
20 July 1519 Bologna, Papal States
Age at start/end of papacy
72 / 72
Notes
Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Supported the cause of King Philip II of Spain and the Catholic League against King Henry IV of France in the French Wars of Religion. Prohibited alienation of church property.
Clement VIIICLEMENS Octavus
Clement VIIICLEMENS Octavus
Pontiffnumber
231
Pontificate
30 January 1592 –3 March 1605(13 years, 32 days)
Name: English· Latin
Clement VIIICLEMENS Octavus
Personal name
Ippolito Aldobrandini
Date and place of birth
24 February 1536 Fano, Papal States
Age at start/end of papacy
55 / 69
Notes
Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Initiated an alliance of European Christian powers to partake in the war with the Ottoman Empire known as the Long War (1595). Convened the Congregatio de Auxiliis, addressing the doctrinal disputes between the Dominicans and Jesuits regarding free will and divine grace.
Pontiffnumber
Pontificate
Portrait
Name: English· Latin
Personal name
Date and place of birth
Age at start/end of papacy
Notes
215
22 September 1503 –18 October 1503(26 days)
Pius IIIPIVS Tertius
Francesco Todeschini-Piccolomini
29 May 1439 Siena, Republic of Siena
64 / 64
Citizen of the Republic of Siena. Nephew of Pius II. Founded the Piccolomini Library in the Siena Cathedral.
216
31 October 1503 –21 February 1513(9 years, 113 days)
Julius IIIVLIVS Secundus
Giuliano della Rovere, O.F.M.
5 December 1443 Albisola, Republic of Genoa
59 / 69
Citizen of the Republic of Genoa. Nephew of Sixtus IV. Member of the Franciscan Order. Nicknamed the "Warrior Pope" or the "Fearsome Pope". Became pope in the context of the Italian Wars, a period in which the major powers of Europe fought for primacy in the Italian peninsula. Took control of all the Papal States for the first time. Established the Vatican Museums and initiated the rebuilding of St. Peter's Basilica. The same year, he organized the famous Swiss Guard for his personal protection and commanded a successful campaign in Romagna against the local lords. The interests of Julius II also lay in the New World, as he ratified the Treaty of Tordesillas (1506), establishing the first bishoprics in the Americas and starting the catholicization of Latin America. Commissioned the four Raphael Rooms and Michelangelo's paintings in the Sistine Chapel (1508). Convened the Fifth Council of the Lateran (1512). Julius II was described by Machiavelli in his works as the ideal prince. Julius II allowed people seeking indulgences to donate money to the Church, which would be used for the construction of St. Peter's Basilica.
217
9 March 1513 –1 December 1521(8 years, 267 days)
Leo XLEO Decimus
Giovanni di Lorenzo de' Medici
11 December 1475 Florence, Republic of Florence
37 / 45
Citizen of the Republic of Florence. Son of Lorenzo the Magnificent. Closed the Fifth Council of the Lateran (1517). Remembered for granting indulgences to those who donated to rebuild St. Peter's Basilica and for excommunicating Martin Luther (1521). Extended the Spanish Inquisition into Portugal. Borrowed and spent money without circumspection and was a significant patron of the arts. Under his reign, progress was made on the rebuilding of St. Peter's Basilica, and artists such as Raphael decorated the Vatican rooms. Leo X also reorganized the Roman University and promoted the study of literature, poetry, and antiquities. Last pope to not have been in the priestly orders at the time of his election to the papacy.
218
9 January 1522 –14 September 1523(1 year, 248 days)
Adrian VIHADRIANVS Sextus
Adriaan Floriszoon Boeyens
2 March 1459 Utrecht, Bishopric of Utrecht
62 / 64
Motto: Patere et sustine ("Respect and wait") Subject of the Bishopric of Utrecht. The only Dutch pope; last non-Italian to be elected pope until John Paul II in 1978. Tutor of Emperor Charles V. Came to the papacy in the midst of one of its greatest crises, threatened not only by Lutheranism to the north, but also by the advance of the Ottoman Turks to the east. He refused to compromise with Lutheranism theologically, demanding Martin Luther's condemnation as a heretic. However, he is noted for his attempt to reform the Catholic Church administratively in response to the Protestant Reformation. Adrian VI's remarkable admission that the turmoil of the Church was the fault of the Roman Curia itself was read at the 1522–1523 Diet of Nuremberg. His efforts at reform, however, proved fruitless, as they were resisted by most of his Renaissance ecclesiastical contemporaries, and he did not live long enough to see his efforts through to their conclusion.
219
26 November 1523 –25 September 1534(10 years, 303 days)
Clement VIICLEMENS Septimus
Giulio di Giuliano de' Medici
26 May 1478 Florence, Republic of Florence
45 / 56
Motto: Candor illaesus ("Unharmed candor") Citizen of the Republic of Florence. Cousin of Leo X. Rome was sacked by imperial troops (1527). Forbade the divorce of King Henry VIII of England. Crowned Emperor Charles V at Bologna in 1530. Commissioned Michelangelo's painting of The Last Judgment in the Sistine Chapel (1533). Approved Copernicus's heliocentric model of the universe (1533). The niece of the pope was married to the future Henry II of France (1533). Recognized the Order of Friars Minor Capuchin (Capuchins).
220
13 October 1534 –10 November 1549(15 years, 28 days)
Paul IIIPAVLVS Tertius
Alessandro Farnese
29 February 1468 Canino, Papal States
66 / 81
Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Recognized the Jesuits (1540). Opened the Council of Trent (1545). His illegitimate son became the first duke of Parma. Decreed the second and final excommunication of King Henry VIII of England. Appointed Michelangelo to supervise construction of St. Peter's Basilica (1546).
221
7 February 1550 –29 March 1555(5 years, 50 days)
Julius IIIIVLIVS Tertius
Giovanni Maria Ciocchi del Monte
10 September 1487 Rome, Papal States
62 / 67
Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Reopened the Council of Trent (1551). Established the Collegium Germanicum (1552). The Innocenzo Scandal.
222
9 April 1555 –1 May 1555(22 days)
Marcellus IIMARCELLVS Secundus
Marcello Cervini degli Spannochi
6 May 1501 Montefano, Papal States
53 / 53
Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Last to use his birth name as his papal name. Instituted immediate economies in the expenditure of the Holy See. The Missa Papae Marcelli was composed in his honour.
223
23 May 1555 –18 August 1559(4 years, 87 days)
Paul IVPAVLVS Quartus
Gian Pietro Carafa, C.R.
28 June 1476 Capriglia Irpina, Kingdom of Naples
78 / 83
Motto: Dominus mihi adjutor ("The Lord is my helper") Subject of the Kingdom of Naples. Founder and member of the Theatines. Established the Roman Ghetto in the bull Cum nimis absurdum (1555) and published the Index of Forbidden Books (1559). Ordered Michelangelo to repaint the nude figures in The Last Judgment modestly.
224
26 December 1559 –9 December 1565(5 years, 348 days)
Pius IVPIVS Quartus
Giovanni Angelo Medici
31 March 1499 Milan, Duchy of Milan
60 / 66
Subject of the Duchy of Milan. Reopened and closed the Council of Trent (1563). Ordered public construction to improve the water supply of Rome. Instituted the Tridentine Creed.
225
7 January 1566 –1 May 1572(6 years, 115 days)
St Pius VPIVS Quintus
Antonio Ghislieri, O.P.
17 January 1504 Bosco, Duchy of Milan
61 / 68
Motto: Utinam dirigantur viae meae ad custodiendas ("O that my ways may be steadfast in keeping Thy statutes") Subject of the Duchy of Milan. Member of the Dominican Order, with the religious name Michele. Excommunicated Queen Elizabeth I of England. Issued the 1570 Roman Missal. Battle of Lepanto (1571); instituted the feast of Our Lady of Victory.
226
13 May 1572 –10 April 1585(12 years, 322 days)
Gregory XIIIGREGORIVS Tertius Decimus
Ugo Boncompagni
7 January 1502 Bologna, Papal States
70 / 83
Motto: Aperuit et clausit ("Opened and closed") Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Built the Gregorian Chapel in the Vatican. First pope to bestow the Immaculate Conception as the patron saint of the Philippine Islands through the bull Ilius Fulti Praesido (1579). Strengthened diplomatic ties with Asian nations. Reformed the calendar (1582).
227
24 April 1585 –27 August 1590(5 years, 125 days)
Sixtus VXYSTVS Quintus
Felice Peretti di Montalto, O.F.M. Conv.
13 December 1521 Grottammare, Papal States
63 / 68
Motto: Aqua et panis, vita canis ("Water and bread are a dog's life") Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Member of the Conventual Franciscan Order. Fixed and completed building works to major basilicas in Rome. Limited the College of Cardinals to 70 in number; doubled the number of Curial congregations (1588).
228
15 September 1590 –27 September 1590(12 days)
Urban VIIVRBANVS Septimus
Giovanni Battista Castagna
4 August 1521 Rome, Papal States
69 / 69
Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Supported by Spain. Shortest-reigning pope; died before coronation. Set the first known worldwide smoking ban, banning smoking in and near all churches.
229
5 December 1590 –16 October 1591(315 days)
Gregory XIVGREGORIVS Quartus Decimus
Niccolò Sfondrati
11 February 1535 Somma Lombardo, Duchy of Milan
55 / 56
Subject of the Duchy of Milan. Modified the constitution Effraenatam of Sixtus V so that the penalty for abortion did not apply until the foetus became animated. Made gambling on papal elections punishable by excommunication through the bull Cogit nos (1591) to maintain the sanctity and seriousness of the election process.
230
29 October 1591 –30 December 1591(62 days)
Innocent IXINNOCENTIVS Nonus
Giovanni Antonio Facchinetti
20 July 1519 Bologna, Papal States
72 / 72
Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Supported the cause of King Philip II of Spain and the Catholic League against King Henry IV of France in the French Wars of Religion. Prohibited alienation of church property.
231
30 January 1592 –3 March 1605(13 years, 32 days)
Clement VIIICLEMENS Octavus
Ippolito Aldobrandini
24 February 1536 Fano, Papal States
55 / 69
Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Initiated an alliance of European Christian powers to partake in the war with the Ottoman Empire known as the Long War (1595). Convened the Congregatio de Auxiliis, addressing the doctrinal disputes between the Dominicans and Jesuits regarding free will and divine grace.
Popes of the 17th century
Leo XILEO Undecimus
Leo XILEO Undecimus
Pontiffnumber
232
Pontificate
1 April 1605 –27 April 1605(26 days)
Name: English· Latin
Leo XILEO Undecimus
Personal name
Alessandro Ottaviano de' Medici
Date and place of birth
2 June 1535 Florence, Duchy of Florence
Age at start/end of papacy
69 / 69
Notes
Subject of the Duchy of Florence. Great-nephew of Leo X. Called the "Lightning Pope" (Papa Lampo) due to his brief pontificate.
Paul VPAVLVS Quintus
Paul VPAVLVS Quintus
Pontiffnumber
233
Pontificate
16 May 1605 –28 January 1621(15 years, 257 days)
Name: English· Latin
Paul VPAVLVS Quintus
Personal name
Camillo Borghese
Date and place of birth
17 September 1550 Rome, Papal States
Age at start/end of papacy
54/ 70
Notes
Motto: Absit nisi in Te gloriari ("May it be absent, except to glory in You") Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Known for financing many building projects, including the facade of St. Peter's Basilica. Established the Bank of the Holy Spirit (1605). Restored the Aqua Traiana.
Gregory XVGREGORIVS Quintus Decimus
Gregory XVGREGORIVS Quintus Decimus
Pontiffnumber
234
Pontificate
9 February 1621 –8 July 1623(2 years, 149 days)
Name: English· Latin
Gregory XVGREGORIVS Quintus Decimus
Personal name
Alessandro Ludovisi
Date and place of birth
9 January 1554 Bologna, Papal States
Age at start/end of papacy
67 / 69
Notes
Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Issued the bull Aeterni Patris Filius (1621), which imposed conclaves to be by secret ballot. Established the Congregation for the Propagation of the Faith (1622). Issued the apostolic constitution Omnipotentis Dei (1623) against magicians and witches.
Urban VIIIVRBANVS Octavus
Urban VIIIVRBANVS Octavus
Pontiffnumber
235
Pontificate
6 August 1623 –29 July 1644(20 years, 358 days)
Name: English· Latin
Urban VIIIVRBANVS Octavus
Personal name
Maffeo Vincenzo Barberini
Date and place of birth
5 April 1568 Florence, Grand Duchy of Tuscany
Age at start/end of papacy
55 / 76
Notes
Subject of the Grand Duchy of Tuscany. Issued a bill that made the use of tobacco in holy places punishable by excommunication (1624). Trial against Galileo Galilei. Last pope to expand the papal territory by force of arms.
Innocent XINNOCENTIVS Decimus
Innocent XINNOCENTIVS Decimus
Pontiffnumber
236
Pontificate
15 September 1644 –7 January 1655(10 years, 114 days)
Name: English· Latin
Innocent XINNOCENTIVS Decimus
Personal name
Giovanni Battista Pamphili
Date and place of birth
6 May 1574 Rome, Papal States
Age at start/end of papacy
70 / 80
Notes
Motto: Alleviatae sunt aquae super terram ("The waters are lifted above the earth") Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Great-great-great-grandson of Alexander VI. Erected the Fontana dei Quattro Fiumi in Piazza Navona. Opposed the Peace of Westphalia. Promulgated the apostolic constitution Cum occasione (1653), condemning the five doctrines of Jansenism.
Alexander VIIALEXANDER Septimus
Alexander VIIALEXANDER Septimus
Pontiffnumber
237
Pontificate
7 April 1655 –22 May 1667(12 years, 45 days)
Name: English· Latin
Alexander VIIALEXANDER Septimus
Personal name
Fabio Chigi
Date and place of birth
13 February 1599 Siena, Grand Duchy of Tuscany
Age at start/end of papacy
56 / 68
Notes
Subject of the Grand Duchy of Tuscany. Great-nephew of Paul V. Commissioned St. Peter's Square. Issued the apostolic constitution Sollicitudo Omnium Ecclesiarum that set the doctrine of the Immaculate Conception (1661), almost identical to that of Pius IX nearly two centuries later.
Clement IXCLEMENS Nonus
Clement IXCLEMENS Nonus
Pontiffnumber
238
Pontificate
20 June 1667 –9 December 1669(2 years, 172 days)
Name: English· Latin
Clement IXCLEMENS Nonus
Personal name
Giulio Rospigliosi
Date and place of birth
28 January 1600 Pistoia, Grand Duchy of Tuscany
Age at start/end of papacy
67 / 69
Notes
Motto: Aliis non sibi clemens ("Clement to others, not to himself") Subject of the Grand Duchy of Tuscany. Mediated in the Peace of Aachen (1668).
Clement XCLEMENS Decimus
Clement XCLEMENS Decimus
Pontiffnumber
239
Pontificate
29 April 1670 –22 July 1676(6 years, 84 days)
Name: English· Latin
Clement XCLEMENS Decimus
Personal name
Emilio Bonaventura Altieri
Date and place of birth
13 July 1590 Rome, Papal States
Age at start/end of papacy
79 / 86
Notes
Motto: Bonum auget malum minuit ("He increases good and diminishes evil") Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Canonized the first saint from the Americas: St Rose of Lima (1671). Decorated the bridge of Sant' Angelo with the ten statues of angels and commissioned one of the two fountains adorning the piazza of St. Peter's Square. Regulated the removal of relics of saints from sacred cemeteries.
Bl. Innocent XIINNOCENTIVS Undecimus
Bl. Innocent XIINNOCENTIVS Undecimus
Pontiffnumber
240
Pontificate
21 September 1676 –12 August 1689(12 years, 325 days)
Name: English· Latin
Bl. Innocent XIINNOCENTIVS Undecimus
Personal name
Benedetto Odescalchi
Date and place of birth
16 May 1611 Como, Duchy of Milan
Age at start/end of papacy
65 / 78
Notes
Motto: Avarus non implebitur ("The covetous man is not satisfied") Subject of the Duchy of Milan. Condemned the doctrine of mental reservation (1679) and initiated the Holy League. Extended the Holy Name of Mary as a universal feast (1684). Admired for positive contributions to catechesis.
Alexander VIIIALEXANDER Octavus
Alexander VIIIALEXANDER Octavus
Pontiffnumber
241
Pontificate
6 October 1689 –1 February 1691(1 year, 118 days)
Name: English· Latin
Alexander VIIIALEXANDER Octavus
Personal name
Pietro Vito Ottoboni
Date and place of birth
22 April 1610 Venice, Republic of Venice
Age at start/end of papacy
79 / 80
Notes
Citizen of the Republic of Venice. Condemned the so-called philosophical sin (1690).
Innocent XIIINNOCENTIVS Duodecimus
Innocent XIIINNOCENTIVS Duodecimus
Pontiffnumber
242
Pontificate
12 July 1691 –27 September 1700(9 years, 77 days)
Name: English· Latin
Innocent XIIINNOCENTIVS Duodecimus
Personal name
Antonio Pignatelli
Date and place of birth
13 March 1615 Spinazzola, Kingdom of Naples
Age at start/end of papacy
76 / 85
Notes
Subject of the Kingdom of Naples. Issued the bull Romanum decet Pontificem (1692) to stop nepotism. Erected various charitable and educational institutions.
Clement XICLEMENS Undecimus
Clement XICLEMENS Undecimus
Pontiffnumber
243
Pontificate
23 November 1700 –19 March 1721(20 years, 116 days)
Name: English· Latin
Clement XICLEMENS Undecimus
Personal name
Giovanni Francesco Albani
Date and place of birth
23 July 1649 Urbino, Papal States
Age at start/end of papacy
51 / 71
Notes
Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. The Chinese Rites controversy. Patronized the first archaeological excavations in the Roman catacombs and made the feast of Immaculate Conception universal. The Inquisition's ban on the reprinting of Galileo's works was lifted in 1718, when permission was granted to publish an edition of his scientific works (excluding the condemned Dialogue) in Florence.
Pontiffnumber
Pontificate
Portrait
Name: English· Latin
Personal name
Date and place of birth
Age at start/end of papacy
Notes
232
1 April 1605 –27 April 1605(26 days)
Leo XILEO Undecimus
Alessandro Ottaviano de' Medici
2 June 1535 Florence, Duchy of Florence
69 / 69
Subject of the Duchy of Florence. Great-nephew of Leo X. Called the "Lightning Pope" (Papa Lampo) due to his brief pontificate.
233
16 May 1605 –28 January 1621(15 years, 257 days)
Paul VPAVLVS Quintus
Camillo Borghese
17 September 1550 Rome, Papal States
54/ 70
Motto: Absit nisi in Te gloriari ("May it be absent, except to glory in You") Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Known for financing many building projects, including the facade of St. Peter's Basilica. Established the Bank of the Holy Spirit (1605). Restored the Aqua Traiana.
234
9 February 1621 –8 July 1623(2 years, 149 days)
Gregory XVGREGORIVS Quintus Decimus
Alessandro Ludovisi
9 January 1554 Bologna, Papal States
67 / 69
Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Issued the bull Aeterni Patris Filius (1621), which imposed conclaves to be by secret ballot. Established the Congregation for the Propagation of the Faith (1622). Issued the apostolic constitution Omnipotentis Dei (1623) against magicians and witches.
235
6 August 1623 –29 July 1644(20 years, 358 days)
Urban VIIIVRBANVS Octavus
Maffeo Vincenzo Barberini
5 April 1568 Florence, Grand Duchy of Tuscany
55 / 76
Subject of the Grand Duchy of Tuscany. Issued a bill that made the use of tobacco in holy places punishable by excommunication (1624). Trial against Galileo Galilei. Last pope to expand the papal territory by force of arms.
236
15 September 1644 –7 January 1655(10 years, 114 days)
Innocent XINNOCENTIVS Decimus
Giovanni Battista Pamphili
6 May 1574 Rome, Papal States
70 / 80
Motto: Alleviatae sunt aquae super terram ("The waters are lifted above the earth") Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Great-great-great-grandson of Alexander VI. Erected the Fontana dei Quattro Fiumi in Piazza Navona. Opposed the Peace of Westphalia. Promulgated the apostolic constitution Cum occasione (1653), condemning the five doctrines of Jansenism.
237
7 April 1655 –22 May 1667(12 years, 45 days)
Alexander VIIALEXANDER Septimus
Fabio Chigi
13 February 1599 Siena, Grand Duchy of Tuscany
56 / 68
Subject of the Grand Duchy of Tuscany. Great-nephew of Paul V. Commissioned St. Peter's Square. Issued the apostolic constitution Sollicitudo Omnium Ecclesiarum that set the doctrine of the Immaculate Conception (1661), almost identical to that of Pius IX nearly two centuries later.
238
20 June 1667 –9 December 1669(2 years, 172 days)
Clement IXCLEMENS Nonus
Giulio Rospigliosi
28 January 1600 Pistoia, Grand Duchy of Tuscany
67 / 69
Motto: Aliis non sibi clemens ("Clement to others, not to himself") Subject of the Grand Duchy of Tuscany. Mediated in the Peace of Aachen (1668).
239
29 April 1670 –22 July 1676(6 years, 84 days)
Clement XCLEMENS Decimus
Emilio Bonaventura Altieri
13 July 1590 Rome, Papal States
79 / 86
Motto: Bonum auget malum minuit ("He increases good and diminishes evil") Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Canonized the first saint from the Americas: St Rose of Lima (1671). Decorated the bridge of Sant' Angelo with the ten statues of angels and commissioned one of the two fountains adorning the piazza of St. Peter's Square. Regulated the removal of relics of saints from sacred cemeteries.
240
21 September 1676 –12 August 1689(12 years, 325 days)
Bl. Innocent XIINNOCENTIVS Undecimus
Benedetto Odescalchi
16 May 1611 Como, Duchy of Milan
65 / 78
Motto: Avarus non implebitur ("The covetous man is not satisfied") Subject of the Duchy of Milan. Condemned the doctrine of mental reservation (1679) and initiated the Holy League. Extended the Holy Name of Mary as a universal feast (1684). Admired for positive contributions to catechesis.
241
6 October 1689 –1 February 1691(1 year, 118 days)
Alexander VIIIALEXANDER Octavus
Pietro Vito Ottoboni
22 April 1610 Venice, Republic of Venice
79 / 80
Citizen of the Republic of Venice. Condemned the so-called philosophical sin (1690).
242
12 July 1691 –27 September 1700(9 years, 77 days)
Innocent XIIINNOCENTIVS Duodecimus
Antonio Pignatelli
13 March 1615 Spinazzola, Kingdom of Naples
76 / 85
Subject of the Kingdom of Naples. Issued the bull Romanum decet Pontificem (1692) to stop nepotism. Erected various charitable and educational institutions.
243
23 November 1700 –19 March 1721(20 years, 116 days)
Clement XICLEMENS Undecimus
Giovanni Francesco Albani
23 July 1649 Urbino, Papal States
51 / 71
Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. The Chinese Rites controversy. Patronized the first archaeological excavations in the Roman catacombs and made the feast of Immaculate Conception universal. The Inquisition's ban on the reprinting of Galileo's works was lifted in 1718, when permission was granted to publish an edition of his scientific works (excluding the condemned Dialogue) in Florence.
Popes of the 18th century
Innocent XIIIINNOCENTIVS Tertius Decimus
Innocent XIIIINNOCENTIVS Tertius Decimus
Pontiffnumber
244
Pontificate
8 May 1721 –7 March 1724(2 years, 304 days)
Name: English· Latin
Innocent XIIIINNOCENTIVS Tertius Decimus
Personal name
Michelangelo dei Conti
Date and place of birth
13 May 1655 Poli, Papal States
Age at start/end of papacy
65 / 68
Notes
Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Prohibited the Jesuits from prosecuting their mission in China, ordering that no new members should be received into the order. Issued the papal bull Apostolici Ministerii (1724), reviving ecclesiastical discipline in Spain and its colonies.
Servant of God Benedict XIIIBENEDICTVS Tertius Decimus
Servant of God Benedict XIIIBENEDICTVS Tertius Decimus
Pontiffnumber
245
Pontificate
29 May 1724 –21 February 1730(5 years, 268 days)
Name: English· Latin
Servant of God Benedict XIIIBENEDICTVS Tertius Decimus
Personal name
Pierfrancesco Orsini, O.P.
Date and place of birth
2 February 1649 Gravina in Puglia, Kingdom of Naples
Age at start/end of papacy
75 / 81
Notes
Subject of the Kingdom of Naples. Member of the Dominican Order, with the religious name Vincenzo. Third and last member of the Orsini family to become pope. Originally called Benedict XIV due to the antipope but reverted to XIII. Repealed the worldwide tobacco smoking ban set by Urban VII and Urban VIII. During his pontificate, James Bradley discovered the stellar aberration, proving the relative motion of the Earth in its orbit around the Sun.
Clement XIICLEMENS Duodecimus
Clement XIICLEMENS Duodecimus
Pontiffnumber
246
Pontificate
12 July 1730 –6 February 1740(9 years, 209 days)
Name: English· Latin
Clement XIICLEMENS Duodecimus
Personal name
Lorenzo Corsini
Date and place of birth
7 April 1652 Florence, Grand Duchy of Tuscany
Age at start/end of papacy
78 / 87
Notes
Motto: Dabis discernere inter malum et bonum ("You shall deign to distinguish between good and evil") Subject of the Grand Duchy of Tuscany. Commissioned the Trevi Fountain in Rome (1732). Completed the new façade of the Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran (1735). Condemned Freemasonry in In eminenti apostolatus (1738).
Benedict XIVBENEDICTVS Quartus Decimus
Benedict XIVBENEDICTVS Quartus Decimus
Pontiffnumber
247
Pontificate
17 August 1740 –3 May 1758(17 years, 259 days)
Name: English· Latin
Benedict XIVBENEDICTVS Quartus Decimus
Personal name
Prospero Lorenzo Lambertini
Date and place of birth
31 March 1675 Bologna, Papal States
Age at start/end of papacy
65 / 83
Notes
Motto: Curabuntur omnes ("All will be healed") Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Reformed the education of priests and the calendar of feasts. Completed the Trevi Fountain and affirmed the teachings of Thomas Aquinas. Founded academies of art, liturgy, religion, and science. Authorized the publication of an edition of Galileo's complete scientific works, including a mildly censored version of Galileo's Dialogue.
Clement XIIICLEMENS Tertius Decimus
Clement XIIICLEMENS Tertius Decimus
Pontiffnumber
248
Pontificate
6 July 1758 –2 February 1769(10 years, 211 days)
Name: English· Latin
Clement XIIICLEMENS Tertius Decimus
Personal name
Carlo della Torre di Rezzonico
Date and place of birth
7 March 1693 Venice, Republic of Venice
Age at start/end of papacy
65 / 75
Notes
Citizen of the Republic of Venice. Provided the famous fig leaves on nude male statues in the Vatican. Defended the Jesuits in the bull Apostolicum pascendi (1765). During his pontificate (or at the end of his predecessor's pontificate), the general prohibition against works advocating heliocentrism was removed from the Index of Forbidden Books, although the specific ban on uncensored versions of Galileo's Dialogue and Copernicus's De Revolutionibus remained.
Clement XIVCLEMENS Quartus Decimus
Clement XIVCLEMENS Quartus Decimus
Pontiffnumber
249
Pontificate
19 May 1769 –22 September 1774(5 years, 126 days)
Name: English· Latin
Clement XIVCLEMENS Quartus Decimus
Personal name
Giovanni Vincenzo Antonio Ganganelli, O.F.M. Conv.
Date and place of birth
31 October 1705 Sant'Arcangelo di Romagna, Papal States
Age at start/end of papacy
63 / 68
Notes
Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Member of the Conventual Franciscan Order, with the religious name Lorenzo. Suppressed the Jesuits through the brief Dominus ac Redemptor (1773).
Interregnum
Interregnum
Pontiffnumber
—
Pontificate
29 August 1799 –14 March 1800(197 days)
Name: English· Latin
Interregnum
Personal name
Six-month period without a valid pope elected. This was due to unique logistical problems (the former pope died a prisoner and the conclave was in Venice) and a deadlock among cardinals voting.
Servant of God Pius VIIPIVS Septimus
Servant of God Pius VIIPIVS Septimus
Pontiffnumber
251
Pontificate
14 March 1800 –20 August 1823(23 years, 159 days)
Name: English· Latin
Servant of God Pius VIIPIVS Septimus
Personal name
Barnaba Niccolò Maria Luigi Chiaramonti, O.S.B.
Date and place of birth
14 August 1742 Cesena, Papal States
Age at start/end of papacy
57 / 81
Notes
Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Member of the Order of Saint Benedict, with the religious name Gregorio. Present at Napoleon's coronation as emperor of the French. Expelled from the Papal States by the French between 1809 and 1814. Revived the Jesuits in the bull Sollicitudo omnium ecclesiarum (1814). Organized the Papal Carabinieri Corps (1816).
Pontiffnumber
Pontificate
Portrait
Name: English· Latin
Personal name
Date and place of birth
Age at start/end of papacy
Notes
244
8 May 1721 –7 March 1724(2 years, 304 days)
Innocent XIIIINNOCENTIVS Tertius Decimus
Michelangelo dei Conti
13 May 1655 Poli, Papal States
65 / 68
Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Prohibited the Jesuits from prosecuting their mission in China, ordering that no new members should be received into the order. Issued the papal bull Apostolici Ministerii (1724), reviving ecclesiastical discipline in Spain and its colonies.
245
29 May 1724 –21 February 1730(5 years, 268 days)
Servant of God Benedict XIIIBENEDICTVS Tertius Decimus
Pierfrancesco Orsini, O.P.
2 February 1649 Gravina in Puglia, Kingdom of Naples
75 / 81
Subject of the Kingdom of Naples. Member of the Dominican Order, with the religious name Vincenzo. Third and last member of the Orsini family to become pope. Originally called Benedict XIV due to the antipope but reverted to XIII. Repealed the worldwide tobacco smoking ban set by Urban VII and Urban VIII. During his pontificate, James Bradley discovered the stellar aberration, proving the relative motion of the Earth in its orbit around the Sun.
246
12 July 1730 –6 February 1740(9 years, 209 days)
Clement XIICLEMENS Duodecimus
Lorenzo Corsini
7 April 1652 Florence, Grand Duchy of Tuscany
78 / 87
Motto: Dabis discernere inter malum et bonum ("You shall deign to distinguish between good and evil") Subject of the Grand Duchy of Tuscany. Commissioned the Trevi Fountain in Rome (1732). Completed the new façade of the Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran (1735). Condemned Freemasonry in In eminenti apostolatus (1738).
247
17 August 1740 –3 May 1758(17 years, 259 days)
Benedict XIVBENEDICTVS Quartus Decimus
Prospero Lorenzo Lambertini
31 March 1675 Bologna, Papal States
65 / 83
Motto: Curabuntur omnes ("All will be healed") Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Reformed the education of priests and the calendar of feasts. Completed the Trevi Fountain and affirmed the teachings of Thomas Aquinas. Founded academies of art, liturgy, religion, and science. Authorized the publication of an edition of Galileo's complete scientific works, including a mildly censored version of Galileo's Dialogue.
248
6 July 1758 –2 February 1769(10 years, 211 days)
Clement XIIICLEMENS Tertius Decimus
Carlo della Torre di Rezzonico
7 March 1693 Venice, Republic of Venice
65 / 75
Citizen of the Republic of Venice. Provided the famous fig leaves on nude male statues in the Vatican. Defended the Jesuits in the bull Apostolicum pascendi (1765). During his pontificate (or at the end of his predecessor's pontificate), the general prohibition against works advocating heliocentrism was removed from the Index of Forbidden Books, although the specific ban on uncensored versions of Galileo's Dialogue and Copernicus's De Revolutionibus remained.
249
19 May 1769 –22 September 1774(5 years, 126 days)
Clement XIVCLEMENS Quartus Decimus
Giovanni Vincenzo Antonio Ganganelli, O.F.M. Conv.
31 October 1705 Sant'Arcangelo di Romagna, Papal States
63 / 68
Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Member of the Conventual Franciscan Order, with the religious name Lorenzo. Suppressed the Jesuits through the brief Dominus ac Redemptor (1773).
250
15 February 1775 –29 August 1799(24 years, 195 days)
Pius VIPIVS Sextus
Giovanni Angelo Onofrio Melchiorre Natale Antonio Braschi
25 December 1717 Cesena, Papal States
57 / 81
Motto: Floret in Domo Domini ("It blossoms in the House of God") Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Condemned the French Revolution; expelled from the Papal States by the French from 1798 until his death. Last pope to be a patron of Renaissance art.
—
29 August 1799 –14 March 1800(197 days)
Interregnum
Six-month period without a valid pope elected. This was due to unique logistical problems (the former pope died a prisoner and the conclave was in Venice) and a deadlock among cardinals voting.
251
14 March 1800 –20 August 1823(23 years, 159 days)
Servant of God Pius VIIPIVS Septimus
Barnaba Niccolò Maria Luigi Chiaramonti, O.S.B.
14 August 1742 Cesena, Papal States
57 / 81
Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Member of the Order of Saint Benedict, with the religious name Gregorio. Present at Napoleon's coronation as emperor of the French. Expelled from the Papal States by the French between 1809 and 1814. Revived the Jesuits in the bull Sollicitudo omnium ecclesiarum (1814). Organized the Papal Carabinieri Corps (1816).
Popes of the 19th century
Leo XIILEO Duodecimus
Leo XIILEO Duodecimus
Pontiffnumber
252
Pontificate
28 September 1823 –10 February 1829(5 years, 135 days)
Name: English· Latin
Leo XIILEO Duodecimus
Personal name
Annibale Francesco Clemente Melchiorre Girolamo Nicola della Genga
Date and place of birth
22 August 1760 Genga, Papal States
Age at start/end of papacy
63 / 68
Notes
Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Placed the Catholic educational system under the control of the Jesuits through the bull Quod divina sapientia (1824). Condemned Freemasonry and the Bible societies.
Pius VIIIPIVS Octavus
Pius VIIIPIVS Octavus
Pontiffnumber
253
Pontificate
31 March 1829 –30 November 1830(1 year, 244 days)
Name: English· Latin
Pius VIIIPIVS Octavus
Personal name
Francesco Saverio Maria Felice Castiglioni
Date and place of birth
20 November 1761 Cingoli, Papal States
Age at start/end of papacy
67 / 69
Notes
Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Accepted Louis Philippe I as king of the French. Condemned the masonic secret societies and modernist translations of the Bible through the brief Litteris altero (1830).
Gregory XVIGREGORIVS Sextus Decimus
Gregory XVIGREGORIVS Sextus Decimus
Pontiffnumber
254
Pontificate
2 February 1831 –1 June 1846(15 years, 119 days)
Name: English· Latin
Gregory XVIGREGORIVS Sextus Decimus
Personal name
Bartolomeo Alberto Cappellari, O.S.B. Cam.
Date and place of birth
18 September 1765 Belluno, Republic of Venice
Age at start/end of papacy
65 / 80
Notes
Citizen of the Republic of Venice. Member of the Camaldolese, with the religious name Mauro. Last non-bishop to be elected to the papacy. Politically opposed to democratic and modernising reforms of the Papal States. Regarding scientific thinking, all traces of opposition to heliocentrism by the church disappeared in 1835, when the uncensored versions of Dialogue and De Revolutionibus were finally removed from the Index.
Bl. Pius IXPIVS Nonus
Bl. Pius IXPIVS Nonus
Pontiffnumber
255
Pontificate
16 June 1846 –7 February 1878(31 years, 236 days)
Name: English· Latin
Bl. Pius IXPIVS Nonus
Personal name
Giovanni Maria Battista Pietro Pellegrino Isidoro Mastai-Ferretti
Date and place of birth
13 May 1792 Senigallia, Papal States
Age at start/end of papacy
54 / 85
Notes
Subject and later the last sovereign of the Papal States, finally becoming an Italian citizen. Defined the dogmas of Immaculate Conception and papal infallibility. Issued the controversial Syllabus of Errors (1864). Opened the First Vatican Council (1869). Lost the Papal States to Italy (1870). Longest-reigning pope since Peter (c. 30–64); longest verified reign. First pope to be photographed. During his pontificate, Augustinian friar Gregor Mendel published the "Experiments on Plant Hybridization" and Charles Darwin published On the Origin of Species. At that time, no high-level Church pronouncement attacked head-on the theory of evolution as applied to non-human species. Even before the development of the scientific method, Catholic theology had allowed for biblical texts to be read as allegorical rather than literal where they appeared to contradict that which could be established by science or reason. Thus, Catholicism has been able to refine its understanding of scripture in light of scientific discoveries.
Leo XIIILEO Tertius Decimus
Leo XIIILEO Tertius Decimus
Pontiffnumber
256
Pontificate
20 February 1878 –20 July 1903(25 years, 150 days)
Name: English· Latin
Leo XIIILEO Tertius Decimus
Personal name
Gioacchino Vincenzo Raffaele Luigi Pecci
Date and place of birth
2 March 1810 Carpineto Romano, French Empire
Age at start/end of papacy
67 / 93
Notes
French citizen of Italian ethnicity, later becoming a subject of the Papal States and finally an Italian citizen. Issued the encyclical Rerum novarum (1891), supporting Christian democracy against Communism. Fourth-longest reigning pope after Peter, Pius IX, and John Paul II. Promoted the rosary and scapular. Approved two new Marian scapulars; first pope to fully embrace the concept of Mary as mediatrix. First pope to be filmed using a motion picture camera (1898) and first pope with voice recorded. Oldest verified pope in office.
Pontiffnumber
Pontificate
Portrait
Name: English· Latin
Personal name
Date and place of birth
Age at start/end of papacy
Notes
252
28 September 1823 –10 February 1829(5 years, 135 days)
Leo XIILEO Duodecimus
Annibale Francesco Clemente Melchiorre Girolamo Nicola della Genga
22 August 1760 Genga, Papal States
63 / 68
Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Placed the Catholic educational system under the control of the Jesuits through the bull Quod divina sapientia (1824). Condemned Freemasonry and the Bible societies.
253
31 March 1829 –30 November 1830(1 year, 244 days)
Pius VIIIPIVS Octavus
Francesco Saverio Maria Felice Castiglioni
20 November 1761 Cingoli, Papal States
67 / 69
Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States. Accepted Louis Philippe I as king of the French. Condemned the masonic secret societies and modernist translations of the Bible through the brief Litteris altero (1830).
254
2 February 1831 –1 June 1846(15 years, 119 days)
Gregory XVIGREGORIVS Sextus Decimus
Bartolomeo Alberto Cappellari, O.S.B. Cam.
18 September 1765 Belluno, Republic of Venice
65 / 80
Citizen of the Republic of Venice. Member of the Camaldolese, with the religious name Mauro. Last non-bishop to be elected to the papacy. Politically opposed to democratic and modernising reforms of the Papal States. Regarding scientific thinking, all traces of opposition to heliocentrism by the church disappeared in 1835, when the uncensored versions of Dialogue and De Revolutionibus were finally removed from the Index.
255
16 June 1846 –7 February 1878(31 years, 236 days)
Bl. Pius IXPIVS Nonus
Giovanni Maria Battista Pietro Pellegrino Isidoro Mastai-Ferretti
13 May 1792 Senigallia, Papal States
54 / 85
Subject and later the last sovereign of the Papal States, finally becoming an Italian citizen. Defined the dogmas of Immaculate Conception and papal infallibility. Issued the controversial Syllabus of Errors (1864). Opened the First Vatican Council (1869). Lost the Papal States to Italy (1870). Longest-reigning pope since Peter (c. 30–64); longest verified reign. First pope to be photographed. During his pontificate, Augustinian friar Gregor Mendel published the "Experiments on Plant Hybridization" and Charles Darwin published On the Origin of Species. At that time, no high-level Church pronouncement attacked head-on the theory of evolution as applied to non-human species. Even before the development of the scientific method, Catholic theology had allowed for biblical texts to be read as allegorical rather than literal where they appeared to contradict that which could be established by science or reason. Thus, Catholicism has been able to refine its understanding of scripture in light of scientific discoveries.
256
20 February 1878 –20 July 1903(25 years, 150 days)
Leo XIIILEO Tertius Decimus
Gioacchino Vincenzo Raffaele Luigi Pecci
2 March 1810 Carpineto Romano, French Empire
67 / 93
French citizen of Italian ethnicity, later becoming a subject of the Papal States and finally an Italian citizen. Issued the encyclical Rerum novarum (1891), supporting Christian democracy against Communism. Fourth-longest reigning pope after Peter, Pius IX, and John Paul II. Promoted the rosary and scapular. Approved two new Marian scapulars; first pope to fully embrace the concept of Mary as mediatrix. First pope to be filmed using a motion picture camera (1898) and first pope with voice recorded. Oldest verified pope in office.
Popes of the 20th century
St Pius XPIVS Decimus
St Pius XPIVS Decimus
Pontiffnumber
257
Pontificate
4 August 1903 –20 August 1914(11 years, 16 days)
Name: English· Latin
St Pius XPIVS Decimus
Personal name
Giuseppe Melchiorre Sarto
Date and place of birth
2 June 1835 Riese, Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia, Austrian Empire
Age at start/end of papacy
68 / 79
Notes
Motto: Instaurare omnia in Christo ("To restore all things in Christ") Subject of the Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia, later becoming an Italian citizen. Placed a renewed emphasis on the Eucharist, expanding its reception. Combatted Modernism, issuing an oath against it (1910). Advocated the use of Gregorian Chant and reformed the Roman Breviary (1911).
Benedict XVBENEDICTVS Quintus Decimus
Benedict XVBENEDICTVS Quintus Decimus
Pontiffnumber
258
Pontificate
3 September 1914 –22 January 1922(7 years, 141 days)
Name: English· Latin
Benedict XVBENEDICTVS Quintus Decimus
Personal name
Giacomo Paolo Giovanni Battista della Chiesa
Date and place of birth
21 November 1854 Pegli, Kingdom of Sardinia
Age at start/end of papacy
59 / 67
Notes
Motto: In Te, Domine, speravi; non confundar in aeternum ("In Thee, o Lord, have I trusted; let me not be confounded for evermore") Subject of the Kingdom of Sardinia, later becoming an Italian citizen. Credited for intervening for peace during World War I. Issued the 1917 Code of Canon Law; supported the missionaries in Maximum illud. Remembered by Benedict XVI as a "prophet of peace". Reversed the betting ban on the outcome of papal elections imposed by Gregory XIV.
Pius XIPIVS Undecimus
Pius XIPIVS Undecimus
Pontiffnumber
259
Pontificate
6 February 1922 –10 February 1939(17 years, 4 days)
Name: English· Latin
Pius XIPIVS Undecimus
Personal name
Ambrogio Damiano Achille Ratti
Date and place of birth
31 May 1857 Desio, Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia, Austrian Empire
Age at start/end of papacy
64 / 81
Notes
Motto: Pax Christi in Regno Christi ("The Peace of Christ in the Kingdom of Christ") Subject of the Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia, later becoming an Italian citizen. Signed the Lateran Treaty with Italy (1929), establishing Vatican City as a sovereign state. Inaugurated the Vatican Radio (1931). Refounded the Pontifical Academy of Sciences (1936). Instituted the feast of Christ the King. Opposed Nazism and Communism.
Ven. Pius XIIPIVS Duodecimus
Ven. Pius XIIPIVS Duodecimus
Pontiffnumber
260
Pontificate
2 March 1939 –9 October 1958(19 years, 221 days)
Name: English· Latin
Ven. Pius XIIPIVS Duodecimus
Personal name
Eugenio Maria Giuseppe Giovanni Pacelli
Date and place of birth
2 March 1876 Rome, Kingdom of Italy
Age at start/end of papacy
63 / 82
Notes
Motto: Opus justitiae pax ("The work of justice [shall be] peace") Italian citizen; first pope born after the unification of Italy. Credited with intervening for peace during World War II; controversial for his reactions to the Holocaust. Invoked papal infallibility in the apostolic constitution Munificentissimus Deus, defining the dogma of the Assumption. Published the Humani generis (1950), the first encyclical to specifically refer to evolution and take a neutral position in regard to human evolution: "The Church does not forbid that ... research and discussions, on the part of men experienced in both fields, take place with regard to the doctrine of evolution, in as far as it inquires into the origin of the human body as coming from pre-existent and living matter."
St John XXIIIIOANNES Vicesimus Tertius
St John XXIIIIOANNES Vicesimus Tertius
Pontiffnumber
261
Pontificate
28 October 1958 –3 June 1963(4 years, 218 days)
Name: English· Latin
St John XXIIIIOANNES Vicesimus Tertius
Personal name
Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli
Date and place of birth
25 November 1881 Sotto il Monte, Kingdom of Italy
Age at start/end of papacy
76 / 81
Notes
Motto: Obedientia et pax ("Obedience and peace") Italian citizen. Opened the Second Vatican Council (1962). Intervened for peace during the Cuban Missile Crisis (1962); issued the encyclical Pacem in terris (1963) on peace and nuclear disarmament. Called the "Good Pope John".
St Paul VIPAVLVS Sextus
St Paul VIPAVLVS Sextus
Pontiffnumber
262
Pontificate
21 June 1963 –6 August 1978(15 years, 46 days)
Name: English· Latin
St Paul VIPAVLVS Sextus
Personal name
Giovanni Battista Enrico Antonio Maria Montini
Date and place of birth
26 September 1897 Concesio, Kingdom of Italy
Age at start/end of papacy
65 / 80
Notes
Motto: Cum Ipso in monte ("With Him on the mountain") Italian citizen. Last pope to be crowned. First pope since 1809 to travel outside Italy. Closed the Second Vatican Council (1965). First pope since the 9th century to visit the East, labelling the Eastern Churches as sister churches; visited the Eastern Orthodox Patriarchs of Jerusalem and Constantinople in 1964 and 1967. Rescinded the mutual excommunications which led to the Great Schism of 1054 in his meeting with Patriarch Athenagoras I in 1964. Issued the encyclical Humanae vitae (1968), reaffirming the condemnation of artificial contraception. Revised the Roman Missal (1969).
Bl. John Paul IIOANNES PAVLVS Primus
Bl. John Paul IIOANNES PAVLVS Primus
Pontiffnumber
263
Pontificate
26 August 1978 –28 September 1978(33 days)
Name: English· Latin
Bl. John Paul IIOANNES PAVLVS Primus
Personal name
Albino Luciani
Date and place of birth
17 October 1912 Forno di Canale, Kingdom of Italy
Age at start/end of papacy
65 / 65
Notes
Motto: Humilitas ("Humility") Italian citizen; most recent Italian pope. First pope to be born in the twentieth century. Abolished the papal coronation and opted for the papal inauguration. First pope to use "the First" in his papal name; first with two names for his two immediate predecessors. Last to use the sedia gestatoria. Died 33 days after his election.
St John Paul IIIOANNES PAVLVS Secundus
St John Paul IIIOANNES PAVLVS Secundus
Pontiffnumber
264
Pontificate
16 October 1978 –2 April 2005(26 years, 168 days)
Name: English· Latin
St John Paul IIIOANNES PAVLVS Secundus
Personal name
Karol Józef Wojtyła
Date and place of birth
18 May 1920 Wadowice, Republic of Poland
Age at start/end of papacy
58 / 84
Notes
Motto: Totus tuus ("Totally yours") Polish citizen; first pope from Poland and first of Slavic origin. First non-Italian pope since Adrian VI (1522–1523). Youngest individual to begin his papacy since Pius IX (1846). Third-longest reigning pope after Peter and Pius IX. Travelled extensively, visiting 129 countries during his pontificate. Issued the encyclical Redemptor hominis (1979), exploring contemporary human problems. Promoted the culture of life. Established the World Youth Day (1984) and the Pontifical Academy of Social Sciences (1994). Canonized 483 saints, more than any of his predecessors. Signed the Joint Declaration on the Doctrine of Justification (1999) between the Catholic Church and the Lutheran World Federation. First to use the popemobile, replacing the sedia gestatoria.
Pontiffnumber
Pontificate
Portrait
Name: English· Latin
Personal name
Date and place of birth
Age at start/end of papacy
Notes
257
4 August 1903 –20 August 1914(11 years, 16 days)
St Pius XPIVS Decimus
Giuseppe Melchiorre Sarto
2 June 1835 Riese, Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia, Austrian Empire
68 / 79
Motto: Instaurare omnia in Christo ("To restore all things in Christ") Subject of the Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia, later becoming an Italian citizen. Placed a renewed emphasis on the Eucharist, expanding its reception. Combatted Modernism, issuing an oath against it (1910). Advocated the use of Gregorian Chant and reformed the Roman Breviary (1911).
258
3 September 1914 –22 January 1922(7 years, 141 days)
Benedict XVBENEDICTVS Quintus Decimus
Giacomo Paolo Giovanni Battista della Chiesa
21 November 1854 Pegli, Kingdom of Sardinia
59 / 67
Motto: In Te, Domine, speravi; non confundar in aeternum ("In Thee, o Lord, have I trusted; let me not be confounded for evermore") Subject of the Kingdom of Sardinia, later becoming an Italian citizen. Credited for intervening for peace during World War I. Issued the 1917 Code of Canon Law; supported the missionaries in Maximum illud. Remembered by Benedict XVI as a "prophet of peace". Reversed the betting ban on the outcome of papal elections imposed by Gregory XIV.
259
6 February 1922 –10 February 1939(17 years, 4 days)
Pius XIPIVS Undecimus
Ambrogio Damiano Achille Ratti
31 May 1857 Desio, Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia, Austrian Empire
64 / 81
Motto: Pax Christi in Regno Christi ("The Peace of Christ in the Kingdom of Christ") Subject of the Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia, later becoming an Italian citizen. Signed the Lateran Treaty with Italy (1929), establishing Vatican City as a sovereign state. Inaugurated the Vatican Radio (1931). Refounded the Pontifical Academy of Sciences (1936). Instituted the feast of Christ the King. Opposed Nazism and Communism.
260
2 March 1939 –9 October 1958(19 years, 221 days)
Ven. Pius XIIPIVS Duodecimus
Eugenio Maria Giuseppe Giovanni Pacelli
2 March 1876 Rome, Kingdom of Italy
63 / 82
Motto: Opus justitiae pax ("The work of justice [shall be] peace") Italian citizen; first pope born after the unification of Italy. Credited with intervening for peace during World War II; controversial for his reactions to the Holocaust. Invoked papal infallibility in the apostolic constitution Munificentissimus Deus, defining the dogma of the Assumption. Published the Humani generis (1950), the first encyclical to specifically refer to evolution and take a neutral position in regard to human evolution: "The Church does not forbid that ... research and discussions, on the part of men experienced in both fields, take place with regard to the doctrine of evolution, in as far as it inquires into the origin of the human body as coming from pre-existent and living matter."
261
28 October 1958 –3 June 1963(4 years, 218 days)
St John XXIIIIOANNES Vicesimus Tertius
Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli
25 November 1881 Sotto il Monte, Kingdom of Italy
76 / 81
Motto: Obedientia et pax ("Obedience and peace") Italian citizen. Opened the Second Vatican Council (1962). Intervened for peace during the Cuban Missile Crisis (1962); issued the encyclical Pacem in terris (1963) on peace and nuclear disarmament. Called the "Good Pope John".
262
21 June 1963 –6 August 1978(15 years, 46 days)
St Paul VIPAVLVS Sextus
Giovanni Battista Enrico Antonio Maria Montini
26 September 1897 Concesio, Kingdom of Italy
65 / 80
Motto: Cum Ipso in monte ("With Him on the mountain") Italian citizen. Last pope to be crowned. First pope since 1809 to travel outside Italy. Closed the Second Vatican Council (1965). First pope since the 9th century to visit the East, labelling the Eastern Churches as sister churches; visited the Eastern Orthodox Patriarchs of Jerusalem and Constantinople in 1964 and 1967. Rescinded the mutual excommunications which led to the Great Schism of 1054 in his meeting with Patriarch Athenagoras I in 1964. Issued the encyclical Humanae vitae (1968), reaffirming the condemnation of artificial contraception. Revised the Roman Missal (1969).
263
26 August 1978 –28 September 1978(33 days)
Bl. John Paul IIOANNES PAVLVS Primus
Albino Luciani
17 October 1912 Forno di Canale, Kingdom of Italy
65 / 65
Motto: Humilitas ("Humility") Italian citizen; most recent Italian pope. First pope to be born in the twentieth century. Abolished the papal coronation and opted for the papal inauguration. First pope to use "the First" in his papal name; first with two names for his two immediate predecessors. Last to use the sedia gestatoria. Died 33 days after his election.
264
16 October 1978 –2 April 2005(26 years, 168 days)
St John Paul IIIOANNES PAVLVS Secundus
Karol Józef Wojtyła
18 May 1920 Wadowice, Republic of Poland
58 / 84
Motto: Totus tuus ("Totally yours") Polish citizen; first pope from Poland and first of Slavic origin. First non-Italian pope since Adrian VI (1522–1523). Youngest individual to begin his papacy since Pius IX (1846). Third-longest reigning pope after Peter and Pius IX. Travelled extensively, visiting 129 countries during his pontificate. Issued the encyclical Redemptor hominis (1979), exploring contemporary human problems. Promoted the culture of life. Established the World Youth Day (1984) and the Pontifical Academy of Social Sciences (1994). Canonized 483 saints, more than any of his predecessors. Signed the Joint Declaration on the Doctrine of Justification (1999) between the Catholic Church and the Lutheran World Federation. First to use the popemobile, replacing the sedia gestatoria.
Popes of the 21st century
Benedict XVIBENEDICTVS Sextus Decimus
Benedict XVIBENEDICTVS Sextus Decimus
Pontiffnumber
265
Pontificate
19 April 2005 –28 February 2013(7 years, 315 days)
Name: English· Latin
Benedict XVIBENEDICTVS Sextus Decimus
Personal name
Joseph Alois Ratzinger
Date and place of birth
16 April 1927 Marktl, Bavaria, German Reich
Age at start/end of papacy
78 / 85 (†95)
Notes
Motto: Cooperatores veritatis ("Cooperators of the truth") German citizen; first German pope since Stephen IX (1057–1058). Removed the papal tiara from the coat of arms. Promoted the use of Latin and reintroduced several papal garments that had fallen into disuse. Elevated the Tridentine Mass to a more prominent position (2007). Authorized the formation of the Anglican ordinariates (2009). First pope to renounce the papacy since Gregory XII (1415); the first to do so on his own initiative since Celestine V (1294), becoming pope emeritus. Died on 31 December 2022, aged 95; longest-lived pope on record.
FrancisFRANCISCVS
FrancisFRANCISCVS
Pontiffnumber
266
Pontificate
13 March 2013 –21 April 2025(12 years, 39 days)
Name: English· Latin
FrancisFRANCISCVS
Personal name
Jorge Mario Bergoglio, S.J.
Date and place of birth
17 December 1936 Buenos Aires, Argentine Republic
Age at start/end of papacy
76 / 88
Notes
Motto: Miserando atque eligendo ("By having mercy and by choosing") Argentine citizen. First pope born outside Europe since Gregory III (731–741) and the first from the Americas; first pope from Argentina, first from South America and the first from the Southern Hemisphere. First pope from a religious institute since Gregory XVI (1831–1846); first Jesuit pope. First pope to use a new and non-composed papal name since Lando (913–914). Issued the encyclical Laudato si' (2015), condemning global warming and irresponsible economic development. Facilitated the Cuban thaw (2015–2017). Eliminated the European majority of cardinals. First pope to visit and celebrate Mass on the Arabian Peninsula. Convoked the Synod on Synodality (2022). Second-oldest verified pope in office after Leo XIII.
Leo XIVLEO Quartus Decimus
Leo XIVLEO Quartus Decimus
Pontiffnumber
267
Pontificate
8 May 2025 –present(180 days)
Name: English· Latin
Leo XIVLEO Quartus Decimus
Personal name
Robert Francis Prevost, O.S.A.
Date and place of birth
14 September 1955 Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
Age at start/end of papacy
69
Notes
Motto: In illo Uno unum ("In the One, [we are] one") Dual American and Peruvian citizen; first pope born in the United States, first from North America, and the second from the Americas. Second pope from an English-speaking country; the first since Adrian IV (1154–1159). First pope to be born after World War II and during the Cold War. First Augustinian pope.
Pontiffnumber
Pontificate
Portrait
Name: English· Latin
Personal name
Date and place of birth
Age at start/end of papacy
Notes
265
19 April 2005 –28 February 2013(7 years, 315 days)
Benedict XVIBENEDICTVS Sextus Decimus
Joseph Alois Ratzinger
16 April 1927 Marktl, Bavaria, German Reich
78 / 85 (†95)
Motto: Cooperatores veritatis ("Cooperators of the truth") German citizen; first German pope since Stephen IX (1057–1058). Removed the papal tiara from the coat of arms. Promoted the use of Latin and reintroduced several papal garments that had fallen into disuse. Elevated the Tridentine Mass to a more prominent position (2007). Authorized the formation of the Anglican ordinariates (2009). First pope to renounce the papacy since Gregory XII (1415); the first to do so on his own initiative since Celestine V (1294), becoming pope emeritus. Died on 31 December 2022, aged 95; longest-lived pope on record.
266
13 March 2013 –21 April 2025(12 years, 39 days)
FrancisFRANCISCVS
Jorge Mario Bergoglio, S.J.
17 December 1936 Buenos Aires, Argentine Republic
76 / 88
Motto: Miserando atque eligendo ("By having mercy and by choosing") Argentine citizen. First pope born outside Europe since Gregory III (731–741) and the first from the Americas; first pope from Argentina, first from South America and the first from the Southern Hemisphere. First pope from a religious institute since Gregory XVI (1831–1846); first Jesuit pope. First pope to use a new and non-composed papal name since Lando (913–914). Issued the encyclical Laudato si' (2015), condemning global warming and irresponsible economic development. Facilitated the Cuban thaw (2015–2017). Eliminated the European majority of cardinals. First pope to visit and celebrate Mass on the Arabian Peninsula. Convoked the Synod on Synodality (2022). Second-oldest verified pope in office after Leo XIII.
267
8 May 2025 –present(180 days)
Leo XIVLEO Quartus Decimus
Robert Francis Prevost, O.S.A.
14 September 1955 Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
69
Motto: In illo Uno unum ("In the One, [we are] one") Dual American and Peruvian citizen; first pope born in the United States, first from North America, and the second from the Americas. Second pope from an English-speaking country; the first since Adrian IV (1154–1159). First pope to be born after World War II and during the Cold War. First Augustinian pope.
· Religious orders
Canons Regular
Canons Regular
Type
Canons Regular
#
6
Family
AugustinianCanons(C.R.S.A.)
#
5
Order
Canons of the Lateran (C.R.L.)
#
2
Popes
Honorius II, Innocent II
Canons of San Frediano
Canons of San Frediano
Type
Canons of San Frediano
#
1
Family
Lucius II
Canons of Saint-Ruf
Canons of Saint-Ruf
Type
Canons of Saint-Ruf
#
1
Family
Adrian IV
Canons of San Giorgio in Alga
Canons of San Giorgio in Alga
Type
Canons of San Giorgio in Alga
#
1
Family
Eugene IV
Premonstratensians (O.Praem.)
Premonstratensians (O.Praem.)
Type
Premonstratensians (O.Praem.)
#
1
Family
Gregory VIII
Monastic Orders
Monastic Orders
Type
Monastic Orders
#
25
Family
Benedictine Orders
#
23
Order
Benedictines (O.S.B.)
#
22
Popes
Gregory I, Boniface IV, Adeodatus II, Leo IV, John IX, Leo VII, John XVI, Sylvester II, Sergius IV, Stephen IX, Gregory VII, Victor III, Urban II, Paschal II, Adalbert, Gelasius II, Anacletus II, Callixtus III, Celestine V, Clement VI, Urban V, Pius VII
Benedictine Camaldolese (O.S.B.Cam.)
Benedictine Camaldolese (O.S.B.Cam.)
Type
Benedictine Camaldolese (O.S.B.Cam.)
#
1
Family
Gregory XVI
Cistercians (O.Cist.)
Cistercians (O.Cist.)
Type
Cistercians (O.Cist.)
#
2
Family
Eugene III, Benedict XII
Mendicant Orders
Mendicant Orders
Type
Mendicant Orders
#
24
Family
Augustinians (O.S.A.)
#
1
Order
Leo XIV
Dominican Orders
Dominican Orders
Type
Dominican Orders
#
5
Family
Dominicans (O.P.)
#
4
Order
Innocent V, Benedict XI, Pius V, Benedict XIII
Dominican Tertiary (T.O.P.)
Dominican Tertiary (T.O.P.)
Type
Dominican Tertiary (T.O.P.)
#
1
Family
Benedict XV
Franciscan Orders
Franciscan Orders
Type
Franciscan Orders
#
18
Family
Friars Minor (O.F.M.)
#
5
Order
Nicholas IV, Nicholas V, Alexander V, Sixtus IV, Julius II
Conventual Franciscans (O.F.M.Conv.)
Conventual Franciscans (O.F.M.Conv.)
Type
Conventual Franciscans (O.F.M.Conv.)
#
2
Family
Sixtus V, Clement XIV
Secular Franciscans (O.F.S.)
Secular Franciscans (O.F.S.)
Type
Secular Franciscans (O.F.S.)
#
11
Family
Gregory IX, Gregory X, Martin V, Innocent XII, Clement XII, Pius IX, Leo XIII, Pius X, Pius XI, Pius XII, John XXIII
Clerics Regular
Clerics Regular
Type
Clerics Regular
#
2
Family
Jesuits (S.J.)
#
1
Order
Francis
Theatines (C.R.)
Theatines (C.R.)
Type
Theatines (C.R.)
#
1
Family
Paul IV
Total
Total
Type
Total
#
57
Family
N/A
#
57
Order
N/A
Type
#
Family
#
Order
#
Popes
Canons Regular
6
AugustinianCanons(C.R.S.A.)
5
Canons of the Lateran (C.R.L.)
2
Honorius II, Innocent II
Canons of San Frediano
1
Lucius II
Canons of Saint-Ruf
1
Adrian IV
Canons of San Giorgio in Alga
1
Eugene IV
Premonstratensians (O.Praem.)
1
Gregory VIII
Monastic Orders
25
Benedictine Orders
23
Benedictines (O.S.B.)
22
Gregory I, Boniface IV, Adeodatus II, Leo IV, John IX, Leo VII, John XVI, Sylvester II, Sergius IV, Stephen IX, Gregory VII, Victor III, Urban II, Paschal II, Adalbert, Gelasius II, Anacletus II, Callixtus III, Celestine V, Clement VI, Urban V, Pius VII
Benedictine Camaldolese (O.S.B.Cam.)
1
Gregory XVI
Cistercians (O.Cist.)
2
Eugene III, Benedict XII
Mendicant Orders
24
Augustinians (O.S.A.)
1
Leo XIV
Dominican Orders
5
Dominicans (O.P.)
4
Innocent V, Benedict XI, Pius V, Benedict XIII
Dominican Tertiary (T.O.P.)
1
Benedict XV
Franciscan Orders
18
Friars Minor (O.F.M.)
5
Nicholas IV, Nicholas V, Alexander V, Sixtus IV, Julius II
Conventual Franciscans (O.F.M.Conv.)
2
Sixtus V, Clement XIV
Secular Franciscans (O.F.S.)
11
Gregory IX, Gregory X, Martin V, Innocent XII, Clement XII, Pius IX, Leo XIII, Pius X, Pius XI, Pius XII, John XXIII
Clerics Regular
2
Jesuits (S.J.)
1
Francis
Theatines (C.R.)
1
Paul IV
Total
57
N/A
57
N/A

References

  1. No longer inhabited; These lands would be annexed into Roman Syria by the Roman Empire during his pontificate.
  2. Now Volterra, Italy
  3. Roman citizenship was given to the rest of the Italians by the end of the Social War in 87 BC.
  4. Now Athens, Greece
  5. Now Rome, Italy
  6. Now Bethlehem, Palestine
  7. Now Terranova da Sibari, Italy
  8. Now Aquileia, Italy
  9. Now Homs, Syria
  10. Now Fondi, Italy
  11. Now a Roman ruin near Preveza, Greece
  12. It is not clear when Pope Victor I was born, and where he was born, although some suggest he was born in Leptis Magna, n
  13. Now Petilia Policastro, Italy
  14. Now Luni, Italy
  15. Now a Roman ruin near Solin, Croatia
  16. Annuario .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,bod
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