List of political parties in the Netherlands
Updated: 11/6/2025, 2:15:21 AM Wikipedia source
This article lists political parties in the Netherlands. The country has a multi-party system with numerous political parties, and any one party has little chance of gaining power alone; parties work with each other to form coalition governments. The lower house of the legislature, the House of Representatives, is elected by a national party-list system of proportional representation. There is a legal threshold of 1/150 for getting a seat, so a party can win a seat only with at least two-thirds percent (0,67%) of the national vote, roughly one seat for every 67,000 votes. The first national political party was the Anti-Revolutionary Party (ARP), founded in 1879. No party has come close to winning a majority of seats since the introduction of proportional representation in 1918. All governments since then have been coalitions between two or more parties. However, there is a broad consensus on the basic principles of the political system, with all parties having to adjust their goals to some extent in order to have a realistic chance at being part of the government.
Tables
· National political parties › Parties represented in the States General and/or European Parliament
Eur.
Eur.
Political party
Eur.
Political party
EP group
Political party
Intl.
Political party
Senators
Main ideology
House reps.
Position
MEPs
| Political party | Main ideology | Position | Leader | Affiliation | Seats | Ref. | |||||||
| Eur. | EP group | Intl. | Senators | House reps. | MEPs | ||||||||
| PvdA | | Labour Party Partij van de Arbeid | Social democracy | Centre-left | Jesse Klaver | PES | S&D | PA | 14 / 75 | 25 / 150 | 4 / 31 | ||
| GL | | GreenLeft GroenLinks | Green politics | Centre-left | Jesse Klaver | EGP | Greens–EFA | GG | 4 / 31 | ||||
| PVV | Party for Freedom Partij voor de Vrijheid | Right-wing populism | Right-wing to far-right | Geert Wilders | ID | PfE | — | 4 / 75 | 37 / 150 | 6 / 31 | |||
| VVD | | People's Party for Freedom and Democracy Volkspartij voor Vrijheid en Democratie | Conservative liberalism | Centre-right | Dilan Yeşilgöz | ALDE | RE | LI | 10 / 75 | 24 / 150 | 4 / 31 | ||
| BBB | | Farmer–Citizen Movement BoerBurgerBeweging | Agrarianism | Right-wing | Caroline van der Plas | — | EPP | — | 16 / 75 | 7 / 150 | 2 / 31 | — | |
| NSC | | New Social Contract Nieuw Sociaal Contract | Christian democracy | Centre-right | Nicolien van Vroonhoven | — | EPP | — | 0 / 75 | 20 / 150 | 1 / 31 | — | |
| D66 | | Democrats 66 Democraten 66 | Social liberalism | Centre | Rob Jetten | ALDE | RE | LI | 5 / 75 | 9 / 150 | 3 / 31 | ||
| CDA | | Christian Democratic Appeal Christen-Democratisch Appèl | Christian democracy | Centre-right | Henri Bontenbal | EPP | EPP | CDI | 6 / 75 | 5 / 150 | 3 / 31 | ||
| SP | | Socialist Party Socialistische Partij | Democratic socialism | Left-wing | Jimmy Dijk | — | — | — | 3 / 75 | 5 / 150 | 0 / 31 | ||
| PvdD | | Party for the Animals Partij voor de Dieren | Animal welfare | Left-wing | Esther Ouwehand | APEU | The Left | — | 3 / 75 | 3 / 150 | 1 / 31 | ||
| CU | | Christian Union ChristenUnie | Christian democracy | Centre | Mirjam Bikker | ECPM | — | — | 3 / 75 | 3 / 150 | 0 / 31 | ||
| FvD | | Forum for Democracy Forum voor Democratie | National conservatism | Far-right | Thierry Baudet | ESN | — | — | 2 / 75 | 3 / 150 | 0 / 31 | ||
| SGP | | Reformed Political Party Staatkundig Gereformeerde Partij | Christian right | Right-wing | Chris Stoffer | ECPM | ECR | — | 2 / 75 | 3 / 150 | 1 / 31 | ||
| JA21 | | Right Answer 2021 Juiste Antwoord 2021 | Right-wing populism | Right-wing to far-right | Joost Eerdmans | ECR | ECR | — | 3 / 75 | 1 / 150 | 0 / 31 | — | |
| Volt | | Volt Netherlands Volt Nederland | European federalism | Centre | Laurens Dassen | Volt | Greens–EFA | — | 2 / 75 | 2 / 150 | 2 / 31 | ||
| DENK | | DENK | Minority interests | Centre-left | Stephan van Baarle | — | — | — | 0 / 75 | 3 / 150 | 0 / 31 | ||
| 50+ | | 50PLUS | Pensioners' interests | Centre | Gerard van Hooft [nl] | EDP | — | — | 1 / 75 | 0 / 150 | 0 / 31 | ||
| OPNL | | Independent Politics Netherlands Onafhankelijke Politiek Nederland | Regionalism | Auke van der Goot | EFA | — | — | 1 / 75 | 0 / 150 | 0 / 31 | — | ||
· National political parties › Parties without representation in the States General and/or European Parliament
European
European
Party
European
Party
International
| Party | Main ideology | Position | Leader | Affiliation | Ref. | ||||
| European | International | ||||||||
| BIJ1 | | BIJ1 | Anti-capitalism | Left-wing to far-left | Edson Olf | — | — | — | |
| CO | | Code Orange Code Oranje | Direct democracy | Syncretic | Bert Blase [de; nl] | — | — | — | |
| NVU | Dutch People's Union Nederlandse Volks-Unie | Ethnic nationalism | Far-right | Constant Kusters | — | — | — | ||
| OPA | Elderly Politically Active Ouderen Politiek Actief | Pensioners' interests | Single-issue politics | Vacant | — | — | — | ||
| GOUD | | GOUD | Pensioners' interests | Centre | Vacant | — | — | — | |
| HVV | | Heart for Freedom Hart voor Vrijheid | Antivax | Syncretic | Vacant | — | — | — | |
| LHK | | Henk Krol List Lijst Henk Krol | Progressive conservatism | Centre-right | Vacant | — | — | — | |
| BVNL | | Interest of the Netherlands Belang van Nederland | Classical liberalism | Right-wing | Wybren van Haga | — | — | — | |
| JL | | Jesus Lives Jezus Leeft | Evangelism | Right-wing | Florens van der Spek | — | — | — | |
| LEF | | LEF – For the New Generation LEF – Voor de Nieuwe Generatie | Youth politics | — | Daniël van Duijn | — | — | — | |
| LibDem | | Liberal Democratic Party Liberaal Democratische Partij | Social liberalism | Centre | Sammy van Tuyll | — | — | — | |
| LP | | Libertarian Party Libertaire Partij | Right-libertarianism | Right-wing | Tom van Lamoen | EPIL | LI | ||
| MDD | | More Direct Democracy Meer Directe Democratie | Direct democracy | Centre-right | Dorien Rookmaker | EAFD | — | — | |
| NCPN | | New Communist Party of the Netherlands Nieuwe Communistische Partij van Nederland | Marxism–Leninism | Far-left | Rinze Visser | — | IMCWP | — | |
| NLB | | NLBeter | Public sector interests | Centre | Esther van Fenema [nl] | — | — | — | |
| NLPlan | | Netherlands with a Plan Nederland met een PLAN | Participatory democracy | Centre | Kok Kuen Chan | — | — | — | |
| PSP | | Pacifist Socialist Party '92 Pacifistisch Socialistische Partij '92 | Pacifist socialism | Left-wing | Vacant | — | — | — | |
| PvdR | | Party for the Republic Partij voor de Republiek | Republicanism | Centre | Bruno Braakhuis | — | — | — | |
| PvdS | | Party for Sports PartijvdSport | Health promotion | Centre | Annemarie van Duivenboden | — | — | — | |
| PDNM | Party The New Human Partij De Nieuwe Mens | Spiritual left | Centre-left | Niraï Melis & Raishrie Gajadin | — | — | |||
| PPNL | | Pirate Party Piratenpartij | Pirate politics | Syncretic | Mark van Treuren | PPEU | PPI | ||
| PPvB | | Political Party for Basic Income Politieke Partij voor Basisinkomen | Universal basic income | Single-issue politics | Sepp Hannen | — | — | — | |
| TON | | Proud of the Netherlands Trots op Nederland | Conservative liberalism | Right-wing | Sander van den Raadt | — | — | — | |
| RSP | | Revolutionary Socialist Party Revolutionair Socialistische Partij | Socialism | Far-left | Gwildor Sok | — | — | — | |
| SPL | Splinter | Secularism | — | Femke Merel van Kooten | — | — | — | ||
| DG | | The Greens De Groenen | Green politics | Centre-left | Mark van Treuren | — | — | — | |
| DFP | | The Party Party De Feestpartij | Joke Party | Syncretic | Johan Vlemmix | — | — | — | |
| SvN | Together for the Netherlands Samen voor Nederland | Right-wing populism | Far-right | Michel Reijinga | — | — | — | ||
| UCF | Ubuntu Connected Front | Ubuntuism | Centre-left | Regillio Vaarnold | — | — | — | ||
| VCP | | United Communist Party Verenigde Communistische Partij | Communism | Far-left | Engel Modderman | — | — | — | |
| VDR | vandeRegio | Regionalism | Centre | Sent Wierda | EFA | — | — | ||
· Regional and local political parties › European Netherlands › Regional parties
| Political party | Active in | Seats in the prov. council | European affiliation | |||
| FNP | | Frisian National Party Fryske Nasjonale Partij | Friesland | 4 / 43 | EFA | |
| GB | | Groninger Interest Groninger Belang | Groningen | 3 / 43 | — | |
| LB | | Local Brabant Lokaal Brabant | North Brabant | 2 / 55 | — | |
| LL | | Local Limburg Lokaal-Limburg | Limburg | 2 / 47 | — | |
| PvhN | Party for the North Partij voor het Noorden | Groningen Friesland Drenthe | Groningen: 1 / 43 | — | ||
| PvZ | | Party for Zeeland Partij voor Zeeland | Zeeland | 2 / 39 | — | |
| PBF | | Provincial Interest Fryslân [nl] Provinciaal Belang Fryslân | Friesland | 1 / 43 | — | |
| SLD | | Strong Local Drenthe Sterk Lokaal Drenthe | Drenthe | 1 / 43 | — | |
| SLF | | Strong Local Flevoland [nl] Sterk Lokaal Flevoland | Flevoland | 1 / 41 | — | |
· Regional and local political parties › European Netherlands › Local parties
| Party | Main ideology | Position | |||
| Forza! | | Forza! Netherlands Forza! Nederland | Right-wing populism | Right-wing | |
| HvDH | Heart for The Hague [nl] Hart voor Den Haag/Groep de Mos | Conservative liberalism | Right-wing | ||
| LR | | Livable Rotterdam Leefbaar Rotterdam | Fortuynism | Right-wing | |
| VSP | | List of United Seniors Party candidates in the 2006 Dutch general election Verenigde Senioren Partij | Pensioners' interests | Single-issue politics | |
· Regional and local political parties › European Netherlands › Water board parties
| Political party | Main ideology | Position | |||
| AWP | | General Water Board Party Algemene Waterschapspartij | Apoliticism | Syncretic | |
| WN | | Water Natuurlijk | Green politics | Centre-left | |
List of parties that have participated in elections for the House or European Parliament since 1918. · Defunct political parties
Actie Bouwman
Actie Bouwman
Party
Actie Bouwman
Start
1934
End
1940
Maxvoteshare
0.57
General Elderly AllianceAlgemeen Ouderen Verbond (AOV)
General Elderly AllianceAlgemeen Ouderen Verbond (AOV)
Party
General Elderly AllianceAlgemeen Ouderen Verbond (AOV)
Start
1993
Maxvoteshare
3.63
General League of Roman Catholic Electoral AssociationsAlgemeene Bond van Roomsch-Katholieke Kiesverenigingen
General League of Roman Catholic Electoral AssociationsAlgemeene Bond van Roomsch-Katholieke Kiesverenigingen
Party
General League of Roman Catholic Electoral AssociationsAlgemeene Bond van Roomsch-Katholieke Kiesverenigingen
Start
1904
End
1926
Maxvoteshare
30.03
Article 50Artikel 50
Article 50Artikel 50
Party
Article 50Artikel 50
Start
2012
End
2015
Maxvoteshare
0.51
General Dutch Fascist LeagueAlgemeene Nederlandsche Fascisten Bond (ANFB)
General Dutch Fascist LeagueAlgemeene Nederlandsche Fascisten Bond (ANFB)
Party
General Dutch Fascist LeagueAlgemeene Nederlandsche Fascisten Bond (ANFB)
Ideology
Fascism
Start
1932
End
1934
Anti-Revolutionary PartyAnti-Revolutionaire Partij (ARP)
Anti-Revolutionary PartyAnti-Revolutionaire Partij (ARP)
Party
Anti-Revolutionary PartyAnti-Revolutionaire Partij (ARP)
Start
1879
End
1980
Workers Party of the NetherlandsArbeiderspartij van Nederland
Workers Party of the NetherlandsArbeiderspartij van Nederland
Party
Workers Party of the NetherlandsArbeiderspartij van Nederland
Farmers' PartyBoerenpartij
Farmers' PartyBoerenpartij
Party
Farmers' PartyBoerenpartij
Start
1958
End
1981
Maxvoteshare
4.77
League of Christian SocialistsBond Christen-Socialisten
League of Christian SocialistsBond Christen-Socialisten
Party
League of Christian SocialistsBond Christen-Socialisten
League of Free LiberalsBond van Vrije Liberalen
League of Free LiberalsBond van Vrije Liberalen
Party
League of Free LiberalsBond van Vrije Liberalen
Start
1906
End
1921
Centre DemocratsCentrum Democraten (CD)
Centre DemocratsCentrum Democraten (CD)
Party
Centre DemocratsCentrum Democraten (CD)
Start
1984
End
2002
Maxvoteshare
2.46
Centre PartyCentrumpartij
Centre PartyCentrumpartij
Party
Centre PartyCentrumpartij
Start
1980
End
1986
Maxvoteshare
0.83
Centre Party '86Centrumpartij '86
Centre Party '86Centrumpartij '86
Party
Centre Party '86Centrumpartij '86
Start
1986
End
1998
Maxvoteshare
0.40
Christian Democratic PartyChristen-Democratische Partij
Christian Democratic PartyChristen-Democratische Partij
Party
Christian Democratic PartyChristen-Democratische Partij
Christian Democratic UnionChristelijk-Democratische Unie
Christian Democratic UnionChristelijk-Democratische Unie
Party
Christian Democratic UnionChristelijk-Democratische Unie
Start
1926
End
1946
Maxvoteshare
2.09
Christian Historical UnionChristelijk-Historische Unie (CHU)
Christian Historical UnionChristelijk-Historische Unie (CHU)
Party
Christian Historical UnionChristelijk-Historische Unie (CHU)
Start
1908
End
1980
Christian Social PartyChristelijk-Sociale Partij (CSP)
Christian Social PartyChristelijk-Sociale Partij (CSP)
Party
Christian Social PartyChristelijk-Sociale Partij (CSP)
Start
1907
End
1926
Christian Historical Voters' LeagueChristelijk Historische Kiezersbond (CHK)
Christian Historical Voters' LeagueChristelijk Historische Kiezersbond (CHK)
Party
Christian Historical Voters' LeagueChristelijk Historische Kiezersbond (CHK)
Start
1897
End
1903
Christian Historical PartyChristelijk Historische Partij
Christian Historical PartyChristelijk Historische Partij
Party
Christian Historical PartyChristelijk Historische Partij
Start
1903
End
1908
Communist Party of the NetherlandsCommunistische Partij Nederland (CPN)
Communist Party of the NetherlandsCommunistische Partij Nederland (CPN)
Party
Communist Party of the NetherlandsCommunistische Partij Nederland (CPN)
Start
1901
End
1991
Maxvoteshare
10.56
Democratic PartyDemocratische Partij
Democratic PartyDemocratische Partij
Party
Democratic PartyDemocratische Partij
Start
1921
End
1932
Democratic Socialists '70Democratisch Socialisten '70 (DS'70)
Democratic Socialists '70Democratisch Socialisten '70 (DS'70)
Party
Democratic Socialists '70Democratisch Socialisten '70 (DS'70)
Start
1970
End
1983
Maxvoteshare
5.33
Economic LeagueEconomische Bond (EB)
Economic LeagueEconomische Bond (EB)
Party
Economic LeagueEconomische Bond (EB)
Start
1917
End
1921
Maxvoteshare
3.11
Entrepreneurs' PartyOndernemersPartij (OP)
Entrepreneurs' PartyOndernemersPartij (OP)
Party
Entrepreneurs' PartyOndernemersPartij (OP)
Start
2015
End
2019
Maxvoteshare
0.12
Europe Transparent
Europe Transparent
Party
Europe Transparent
Evangelical People's PartyEvangelische Volkspartij (EVP)
Evangelical People's PartyEvangelische Volkspartij (EVP)
Party
Evangelical People's PartyEvangelische Volkspartij (EVP)
Start
1981
End
1991
Maxvoteshare
0.69
Fatherland League
Fatherland League
Party
Fatherland League
List of Free and Social Netherlands candidates in the 2021 Dutch general election
List of Free and Social Netherlands candidates in the 2021 Dutch general election
Party
List of Free and Social Netherlands candidates in the 2021 Dutch general election
Frisian LeagueFriesche Bond
Frisian LeagueFriesche Bond
Party
Frisian LeagueFriesche Bond
Start
1898
End
1908
Reformed Political LeagueGereformeerd Politiek Verbond (GPV)
Reformed Political LeagueGereformeerd Politiek Verbond (GPV)
Party
Reformed Political LeagueGereformeerd Politiek Verbond (GPV)
Start
1948
End
2003
Maxvoteshare
1.77
Hervormd Gereformeerde Staatspartij
Hervormd Gereformeerde Staatspartij
Party
Hervormd Gereformeerde Staatspartij
Start
1921
End
1946
Maxvoteshare
1.06
Independent Socialist Party
Independent Socialist Party
Party
Independent Socialist Party
Islam DemocratsIslam Democraten
Islam DemocratsIslam Democraten
Party
Islam DemocratsIslam Democraten
Start
2005
Maxvoteshare
0.0
Catholic National Party
Catholic National Party
Party
Catholic National Party
Maxvoteshare
2.71
Catholic People's Party
Catholic People's Party
Party
Catholic People's Party
Start
1945
End
1980
Maxvoteshare
31.88
Communist Workers Organisation (Marxist–Leninist)
Communist Workers Organisation (Marxist–Leninist)
Party
Communist Workers Organisation (Marxist–Leninist)
Communist Unity Movement of the Netherlands (Marxist–Leninist)Kommunistiese Eenheidsbeweging Nederland
Communist Unity Movement of the Netherlands (Marxist–Leninist)Kommunistiese Eenheidsbeweging Nederland
Party
Communist Unity Movement of the Netherlands (Marxist–Leninist)Kommunistiese Eenheidsbeweging Nederland
Ideology
Communism
Start
1964
End
1985
Maxvoteshare
0.03
Independent Citizens' Party
Independent Citizens' Party
Party
Independent Citizens' Party
Livable NetherlandsLeefbaar Nederland (LN)
Livable NetherlandsLeefbaar Nederland (LN)
Party
Livable NetherlandsLeefbaar Nederland (LN)
Start
1999
End
2007
Maxvoteshare
1.61
Liberal State PartyLiberale Staatspartij (LSP)
Liberal State PartyLiberale Staatspartij (LSP)
Party
Liberal State PartyLiberale Staatspartij (LSP)
Start
1921
End
1946
Maxvoteshare
9.26
Liberal PartyLiberale Partij
Liberal PartyLiberale Partij
Party
Liberal PartyLiberale Partij
Start
1922
End
1925
Liberal Union
Liberal Union
Party
Liberal Union
Start
1885
End
1921
Pim Fortuyn ListLijst Pim Fortuyn (LPF)
Pim Fortuyn ListLijst Pim Fortuyn (LPF)
Party
Pim Fortuyn ListLijst Pim Fortuyn (LPF)
Start
2002
End
2008
Maxvoteshare
17.00
Ratelband List
Ratelband List
Party
Ratelband List
Middle Party for City and Country
Middle Party for City and Country
Party
Middle Party for City and Country
Middle Class Party
Middle Class Party
Party
Middle Class Party
National Socialist Dutch Workers PartyNationaal-Socialistische Nederlandsche Arbeiderspartij (NSNAP)
National Socialist Dutch Workers PartyNationaal-Socialistische Nederlandsche Arbeiderspartij (NSNAP)
Party
National Socialist Dutch Workers PartyNationaal-Socialistische Nederlandsche Arbeiderspartij (NSNAP)
Ideology
National socialism
Start
1931
End
1941
Maxvoteshare
0.02
National Socialist MovementNationaal-Socialistische Beweging (NSB)
National Socialist MovementNationaal-Socialistische Beweging (NSB)
Party
National Socialist MovementNationaal-Socialistische Beweging (NSB)
Ideology
Fascism
Start
1931
End
1945
Maxvoteshare
4.22
Dutch Block
Dutch Block
Party
Dutch Block
New Middle Party
New Middle Party
Party
New Middle Party
Neutral Party
Neutral Party
Party
Neutral Party
New National PartyNieuwe Nationale Partij (NNP)
New National PartyNieuwe Nationale Partij (NNP)
Party
New National PartyNieuwe Nationale Partij (NNP)
Start
1998
End
2005
New RightNieuw Rechts
New RightNieuw Rechts
Party
New RightNieuw Rechts
Start
2003
End
2007
NIDA
NIDA
Party
NIDA
New WaysNieuwe Wegen
New WaysNieuwe Wegen
Party
New WaysNieuwe Wegen
Maxvoteshare
0.14
Pacifist Socialist Party
Pacifist Socialist Party
Party
Pacifist Socialist Party
Start
1957
End
1991
Maxvoteshare
3.03
Party of the Future
Party of the Future
Party
Party of the Future
End
2021
Party for Neighbourly Love, Freedom and Diversity
Party for Neighbourly Love, Freedom and Diversity
Party
Party for Neighbourly Love, Freedom and Diversity
Start
2006, 2020
End
2010, 2022
Freedom PartyPartij van de Vrijheid (PvdV)
Freedom PartyPartij van de Vrijheid (PvdV)
Party
Freedom PartyPartij van de Vrijheid (PvdV)
Start
1946
End
1948
Maxvoteshare
6.41
Party for Justice, Action and Progress
Party for Justice, Action and Progress
Party
Party for Justice, Action and Progress
Peasants' League
Peasants' League
Party
Peasants' League
Political Party of RadicalsPolitieke Partij Radikalen (PPR)
Political Party of RadicalsPolitieke Partij Radikalen (PPR)
Party
Political Party of RadicalsPolitieke Partij Radikalen (PPR)
Start
1968
End
1990
Maxvoteshare
4.80
Progressive Integration Party
Progressive Integration Party
Party
Progressive Integration Party
Radical League
Radical League
Party
Radical League
Reformatory Political Federation
Reformatory Political Federation
Party
Reformatory Political Federation
Start
1975
End
2003
Roman Catholic Party of the Netherlands
Roman Catholic Party of the Netherlands
Party
Roman Catholic Party of the Netherlands
Maxvoteshare
0.92
Roman Catholic State Party
Roman Catholic State Party
Party
Roman Catholic State Party
Start
1926
End
1945
Maxvoteshare
29.64
Social Democratic Workers' Party
Social Democratic Workers' Party
Party
Social Democratic Workers' Party
Start
1894
End
1946
Maxvoteshare
23.81
Social Democratic League
Social Democratic League
Party
Social Democratic League
Socialist Party
Socialist Party
Party
Socialist Party
Union 55+
Union 55+
Party
Union 55+
Alliance to Democratise the Forces
Alliance to Democratise the Forces
Party
Alliance to Democratise the Forces
Maxvoteshare
0.51
League of Communists in the Netherlands
League of Communists in the Netherlands
Party
League of Communists in the Netherlands
Alliance for National ReconstructionVerbond voor Nationaal Herstel
Alliance for National ReconstructionVerbond voor Nationaal Herstel
Party
Alliance for National ReconstructionVerbond voor Nationaal Herstel
Start
1933
End
1941
Maxvoteshare
0.80
VoorNederland
VoorNederland
Party
VoorNederland
Start
2014
End
2017
Maxvoteshare
0.36
Free-minded Party
Free-minded Party
Party
Free-minded Party
Free-thinking Democratic LeagueVrijzinnig Democratische Bond (VDB)
Free-thinking Democratic LeagueVrijzinnig Democratische Bond (VDB)
Party
Free-thinking Democratic LeagueVrijzinnig Democratische Bond (VDB)
Start
1901
End
1946
Maxvoteshare
9.06
Free Anti Revolutionary PartyVrij-Antirevolutionaire Partij (VAR)
Free Anti Revolutionary PartyVrij-Antirevolutionaire Partij (VAR)
Party
Free Anti Revolutionary PartyVrij-Antirevolutionaire Partij (VAR)
Start
1898
End
1903
Union of ActualistsVerbond van Actualisten
Union of ActualistsVerbond van Actualisten
Party
Union of ActualistsVerbond van Actualisten
Ideology
Actualism
Start
1923
End
1928
| Party | Ideology | Start | End | Maxvoteshare | Ref. |
| Actie Bouwman | 1934 | 1940 | 0.57 | ||
| General Elderly AllianceAlgemeen Ouderen Verbond (AOV) | 1993 | 3.63 | |||
| General League of Roman Catholic Electoral AssociationsAlgemeene Bond van Roomsch-Katholieke Kiesverenigingen | 1904 | 1926 | 30.03 | ||
| Article 50Artikel 50 | 2012 | 2015 | 0.51 | ||
| General Dutch Fascist LeagueAlgemeene Nederlandsche Fascisten Bond (ANFB) | Fascism | 1932 | 1934 | ||
| Anti-Revolutionary PartyAnti-Revolutionaire Partij (ARP) | 1879 | 1980 | |||
| Workers Party of the NetherlandsArbeiderspartij van Nederland | |||||
| Farmers' PartyBoerenpartij | 1958 | 1981 | 4.77 | ||
| League of Christian SocialistsBond Christen-Socialisten | |||||
| League of Free LiberalsBond van Vrije Liberalen | 1906 | 1921 | |||
| Centre DemocratsCentrum Democraten (CD) | 1984 | 2002 | 2.46 | ||
| Centre PartyCentrumpartij | 1980 | 1986 | 0.83 | ||
| Centre Party '86Centrumpartij '86 | 1986 | 1998 | 0.40 | ||
| Christian Democratic PartyChristen-Democratische Partij | |||||
| Christian Democratic UnionChristelijk-Democratische Unie | 1926 | 1946 | 2.09 | ||
| Christian Historical UnionChristelijk-Historische Unie (CHU) | 1908 | 1980 | |||
| Christian Social PartyChristelijk-Sociale Partij (CSP) | 1907 | 1926 | |||
| Christian Historical Voters' LeagueChristelijk Historische Kiezersbond (CHK) | 1897 | 1903 | |||
| Christian Historical PartyChristelijk Historische Partij | 1903 | 1908 | |||
| Communist Party of the NetherlandsCommunistische Partij Nederland (CPN) | 1901 | 1991 | 10.56 | ||
| Democratic PartyDemocratische Partij | 1921 | 1932 | |||
| Democratic Socialists '70Democratisch Socialisten '70 (DS'70) | 1970 | 1983 | 5.33 | ||
| Economic LeagueEconomische Bond (EB) | 1917 | 1921 | 3.11 | ||
| Entrepreneurs' PartyOndernemersPartij (OP) | 2015 | 2019 | 0.12 | ||
| Europe Transparent | |||||
| Evangelical People's PartyEvangelische Volkspartij (EVP) | 1981 | 1991 | 0.69 | ||
| Fatherland League | |||||
| List of Free and Social Netherlands candidates in the 2021 Dutch general election | |||||
| Frisian LeagueFriesche Bond | 1898 | 1908 | |||
| Reformed Political LeagueGereformeerd Politiek Verbond (GPV) | 1948 | 2003 | 1.77 | ||
| Hervormd Gereformeerde Staatspartij | 1921 | 1946 | 1.06 | ||
| Independent Socialist Party | |||||
| Islam DemocratsIslam Democraten | 2005 | 0.0 | |||
| Catholic National Party | 2.71 | ||||
| Catholic People's Party | 1945 | 1980 | 31.88 | ||
| Communist Workers Organisation (Marxist–Leninist) | |||||
| Communist Unity Movement of the Netherlands (Marxist–Leninist)Kommunistiese Eenheidsbeweging Nederland | Communism | 1964 | 1985 | 0.03 | |
| Independent Citizens' Party | |||||
| Livable NetherlandsLeefbaar Nederland (LN) | 1999 | 2007 | 1.61 | ||
| Liberal State PartyLiberale Staatspartij (LSP) | 1921 | 1946 | 9.26 | ||
| Liberal PartyLiberale Partij | 1922 | 1925 | |||
| Liberal Union | 1885 | 1921 | |||
| Pim Fortuyn ListLijst Pim Fortuyn (LPF) | 2002 | 2008 | 17.00 | ||
| Ratelband List | |||||
| Middle Party for City and Country | |||||
| Middle Class Party | |||||
| National Socialist Dutch Workers PartyNationaal-Socialistische Nederlandsche Arbeiderspartij (NSNAP) | National socialism | 1931 | 1941 | 0.02 | |
| National Socialist MovementNationaal-Socialistische Beweging (NSB) | Fascism | 1931 | 1945 | 4.22 | |
| Dutch Block |
References
- Documentatiecentrum Nederlands politieke partijenhttps://www.rug.nl/research/dnpp/politieke-partijen/arp/
- Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) Elections in Europe: A data handbook, p1412 ISBN 978-3-8329-5609-7
- "Parties and Elections in Europe"http://www.parties-and-elections.eu/netherlands.html
- Comparative European Politicshttps://books.google.com/books?id=6S5JJkjpzf8C&pg=PA221
- Populism in Western Europe: Comparing Belgium, Germany and The Netherlandshttps://books.google.com/books?id=dmUtBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA117
- Merijn Oudenampsen (2013). "Explaining the Swing to the Right: The Dutch Debate on the Rise of Right-Wing Populism". Inhttps://books.google.com/books?id=EUhMAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA191
- Patterns of Prejudicehttps://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0031322X.2015.1023655
- europe-politique.euhttps://www.europe-politique.eu/wiki/Partij_voor_de_Vrijheid_(PVV)
- Andeweg, R. and G. Irwin Politics and Governance in the Netherlands, Basingstoke (Palgrave) p.49
- Comparative European Politicshttps://books.google.com/books?id=18aSGqADApUC&pg=PA221
- Rethinking Public Strategyhttps://books.google.com/books?id=w1IdBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA168
- Reformatorisch Dagbladhttp://www.rd.nl/vandaag/politiek/cda-partij-van-samenleving-en-van-waarden-1.488022
- European Citizenship in the Process of Construction: Challenges for Citizenship, Citizenship Education and Democratic Practice in Europehttps://books.google.com/books?id=tpMueuYB_eMC&pg=PA73
- Routledge Handbook of European Electionshttps://books.google.com/books?id=7stgCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA171
- Foreign Policyhttps://foreignpolicy.com/2012/09/13/going-dutch-the-netherlands-election-results-roll-in/
- Contemporary European Politics: A Comparative Introductionhttps://books.google.com/books?id=AqrHBQAAQBAJ&pg=PT533
- "European Social Survey 2012 – Appendix 3 (in English)"http://www.europeansocialsurvey.org/docs/round6/survey/ESS6_appendix_a3_e01_1.pdf
- New Left Reviewhttp://newleftreview.org/II/33/susan-watkins-continental-tremors
- "Contemporary Far Left Parties in Europe", published November 2008. Retrieved 18 November 2016: http://library.fes.de/pdhttp://library.fes.de/pdf-files/id/ipa/05818.pdf
- "Parties and Elections in Europe"http://www.parties-and-elections.eu/netherlands.html
- Northern Europe and the Making of the EU's Mediterranean and Middle East Policies
- Governance and Politics of the Netherlands
- "Standpunten"https://forumvoordemocratie.nl/standpunten
- "Forum voor Democratie: Why has the Dutch far right surged?"https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/forum-voor-democratie-dutch-surged-190324184308868.html
- Zevende rapportage racisme, antisemitisme en extreemrechts geweld in Nederlandhttps://www.verwey-jonker.nl/doc/2018/118004_Zevende_rapportage_racisme_antisemitisme_extreemrechts_geweld.pdf
- "Far-right MEPs form group in European Parliament"http://www.euractiv.com/eu-elections/far-right-meps-form-group-europe-news-222083
- Italics Magazinehttps://italicsmag.com/2018/12/06/volt-wants-fix-europe-editorial/
- The New York Timeshttps://www.nytimes.com/2016/07/30/world/europe/dutch-denk-party.html
- Dutch Newshttp://www.dutchnews.nl/news/archives/2017/02/ethnic-minorities-desert-labour-turn-to-denk-ahead-of-march-vote/
- "Verkiezingsprogramma 2017–2021"https://web.archive.org/web/20161227204211/http://stemlp.nl/verkiezingsprogramma-2017-2021/
- "Doelstellingen"http://mensenspirit.nl/doelstellingen/
- Lead candidate of the joint list Pirate Party and The Greens at the 2023 general election.
- "Structuur"https://www.piratenpartij.nl/organisatie
- Repetorium kleine politieke partijenhttps://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/pdf/kpp/actie_bouwman.pdf
- Documentatiecentrum Nederlandse Politieke Partijenhttps://www.rug.nl/research/dnpp/politieke-partijen/idlijst21/geschiedenis/
- Repetorium kleine politieke partijenhttps://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/pdf/kpp/verbond_van_actualisten.pdf