List of political parties in Singapore

This is a list of political parties in Singapore, including existing and historical ones. The earliest political parties were established in the lead-up to Singapore first Legislative Council elections in 1948. Singapore is a republic. While the country has a multi-party system, the dominant political party have often been the People's Action Party since 1965, along with the main opposition party, the Workers' Party. Minority governments are uncommon, as elections have not resulted in a hung parliament since independence. Legislative power is vested in parliament, which consists of the president as its head and a single chamber whose members are elected by popular vote. The role of the president as the head of state has been, historically, largely ceremonial although the constitution was amended in 1991 to give the president some veto powers in a few key decisions such as the use of the national reserves, as well as the appointment of key judiciary, civil service and Singapore Armed Forces posts. They also exercise powers over national security matters.

Tables

Party		Abbr.	Founded	Registered	mw- Leader	Elections Contested	Vote Share	MPs
	People's Action PartyParti Tindakan Rakyat人民行动党மக்களின் செயல் கட்சி	PAP	21 Nov 1954	18 Feb 1961	Lawrence Wong	17 (1955, 1959, 1963, 1968, 1972, 1976, 1980, 1984, 1988, 1991, 1997, 2001, 2006, 2011, 2015, 2020, 2025)	65.6%	87 / 99
	Workers' PartyParti Pekerja工人党பாட்டாளிக் கட்சி	WP	3 Nov 1957	30 Jan 1961	Pritam Singh	16 (1959, 1963, 1968, 1972, 1976, 1980, 1984, 1988, 1991, 1997, 2001, 2006, 2011, 2015, 2020, 2025)	15%	12 / 99
	Progress Singapore PartyParti Kemajuan Singapura新加坡前进党சிங்கப்பூர் முன்னேற்றக் கட்சி	PSP	18 Jan 2019	28 Mar 2019	Leong Mun Wai	2 (2020, 2025)	4.9%	0 / 99
	Singapore Democratic PartyParti Demokratik Singapura新加坡民主党சிங்கப்பூர் மக்களாட்சி	SDP	6 Aug 1980	8 Sep 1980	Chee Soon Juan	11 (1980, 1984, 1988, 1991, 1997, 2001, 2006, 2011, 2015, 2020, 2025)	3.7%	0 / 99
	National Solidarity PartyParti Perpaduan Nasional国民团结党தேசிய ஒருமைப்பாட்டுக் கட்சி	NSP	6 Mar 1987	6 Mar 1987	Spencer Ng	9 (1988, 1991, 1997, 2001, 2006, 2011, 2015, 2020, 2025)	0.1%	0 / 99
	Singapore People's PartyParti Rakyat Singapura新加坡人民党சிங்கப்பூர் மக்கள் கட்சி	SPP	21 Nov 1994	21 Nov 1994	Steve Chia	7 (1997, 2001}, 2006, 2011, 2015, 2020, 2025)	1.2%	0 / 99
	Singapore Democratic AlliancePerikatan Demokratik Singapura新加坡民主联盟சிங்கப்பூர் ஜனநாயக கூட்டணி	SDA	3 Jul 2001	3 Jul 2001	Desmond Lim	6 (2001, 2006, 2011, 2015, 2020, 2025)	1.2%	0 / 99
	Red Dot UnitedTitik Merah Bersatu红点同心党 ஒன்றுபட்ட சிவப்புப் புள்ளி	RDU	26 May 2020	15 Jun 2020	Ravi Philemon	2 (2020, 2025)	4%	0 / 99
	People's Power PartyParti Kuasa Rakyat人民力量党மக்கள் சக்தி கட்சி	PPP	15 May 2015	15 May 2015	Goh Meng Seng	3 (2015, 2020, 2025)	0.7%	0 / 99
	Peoples VoiceSuara Rakyat人民之声மக்கள் குரல்	PV	29 Oct 2018	29 Oct 2018	Lim Tean	2 (2020, 2025)		0 / 99
	Reform PartyParti Reformasi革新党சீர்திருத்தக் கட்சி	RP	3 Jul 2008	3 Jul 2008	Kenneth Jeyaretnam	4 (2011, 2015, 2020, 2025)		0 / 99
	Democratic Progressive PartyParti Demokratik Progresif民主进步党ஜனநாயக முற்போக்குக் கட்சி	DPP	16 Mar 1973	16 Mar 1973	Mohamad Hamim bin Aliyas	6 (1976, 1980, 1984, 1997, 2015, 2025)		0 / 99
	Singapore Justice PartyParti Keadilan Singapura新加坡正义党 சிங்கப்பூர் நீதிக் கட்சி	SJP	10 Aug 1972	10 Aug 1972	Desmond Lim	11 (1976, 1980, 1984, 1988, 1991, 2001, 2006, 2011, 2015, 2020, 2025)		0 / 99
	Pertubuhan Kebangsaan Melayu SingapuraSingapore Malay National Organisation新加坡马来国民机构	PKMS	23 Dec 1951	20 Feb 1961	Abu Mohamed	14 (1955, 1959, 1972, 1976, 1980, 1984, 1988, 1991, 2001, 2006, 2011, 2015, 2020, 2025)		0 / 99
	People's Alliance for Reform人民改革联盟	PAR	1 Jun 2023	7 Dec 2023	Lim Tean	1 (2025)	2.5%	0 / 99
	Singapore United PartyParti Bersatu Singapura新加坡统一党	SUP	24 Dec 2020	24 Dec 2020	Andy Zhu	1 (2025)	0.7%	0 / 99

· Political parties › Shirt colours

People's Action Party

Party

People's Action Party

Shirt Colour

White

Workers' Party

Party

Workers' Party

Shirt Colour

Light Blue

Progress Singapore Party

Party

Progress Singapore Party

Shirt Colour

Red White

Singapore Democratic Party

Party

Singapore Democratic Party

Shirt Colour

Red

National Solidarity Party

Party

National Solidarity Party

Shirt Colour

Orange

Peoples Voice

Party

Peoples Voice

Shirt Colour

Black

Reform Party

Party

Reform Party

Shirt Colour

Yellow

Singapore People's Party

Party

Singapore People's Party

Shirt Colour

White Red

Singapore Democratic Alliance

Party

Singapore Democratic Alliance

Shirt Colour

Blue

Red Dot United

Party

Red Dot United

Shirt Colour

Navy Blue

People's Power Party

Party

People's Power Party

Shirt Colour

Light Purple

Democratic Progressive Party

Party

Democratic Progressive Party

Shirt Colour

White Orange

People's Alliance for Reform

Party

People's Alliance for Reform

Shirt Colour

Maroon

Singapore United Party

Party

Singapore United Party

Shirt Colour

Blue Grey

Party	Shirt Colour
People's Action Party	White
Workers' Party	Light Blue
Progress Singapore Party	Red White
Singapore Democratic Party	Red
National Solidarity Party	Orange
Peoples Voice	Black
Reform Party	Yellow
Singapore People's Party	White Red
Singapore Democratic Alliance	Blue
Red Dot United	Navy Blue
People's Power Party	Light Purple
Democratic Progressive Party	White Orange
People's Alliance for Reform	Maroon
Singapore United Party	Blue Grey

Split faction from PAP

Party

Barisan Sosialis社会主义阵线)

Abbr.

Other name(s)& chronology

Split faction from PAP

Registered(UEN)

13 Aug 1961

Active period

29 Jul 1961 - 1988

Founder

Lee Siew ChohLim Chin Siong

Elections Contested

5 (1963, 1972, 1976, 1980, 1984)

Succeeded by LSP

Party

Progressive Party进步党Parti Progresif

Abbr.

Other name(s)& chronology

Succeeded by LSP

Registered(UEN)

Active period

25 Aug 1947 - 10 May 1956

Founder

Tan Chye ChengJohn LaycockNazir Ahmad Mallal

Elections Contested

3 (1948, 1951, 1955)

Party

Malay Union新加坡马来人联合会Kesatuan Melayu Singapura

Abbr.

KMS

Other name(s)& chronology

Registered(UEN)

Active period

14 May 1926 - 1961

Founder

Ishak bin Ahmad

Elections Contested

2 (1955, 1959)

Preceded by LP

Party

Labour Front劳工阵线Barisan Buroh

Abbr.

SLF

Other name(s)& chronology

Preceded by LP

Registered(UEN)

Active period

21 Aug 1954 - 28 Feb 1960

Founder

David MarshallLim Yew HockFrancis Thomas

Elections Contested

2 (1955, 1959)

Party

Singaporeans First国人为先Warga Diutamakan

Abbr.

SGF

Other name(s)& chronology

Registered(UEN)

19 Aug 2014

Active period

25 May 2014 -25 Jun 2020

Founder

Tan Jee Say

Elections Contested

1 (2015)

Split faction from SLF, collated by SA

Party

Singapore People's Alliance新加坡人民联盟Perikatan Rakyat Singapura

Abbr.

SPA

Other name(s)& chronology

Split faction from SLF, collated by SA

Registered(UEN)

Active period

10 Nov 1958 - 16 May 1965

Founder

Lim Yew Hock

Elections Contested

1 (1959)

Preceded by PP and DP, succeeded by SPA

Party

Liberal Socialist Party自由社会党Parti Liberal Sosialis

Abbr.

LSP

Other name(s)& chronology

Preceded by PP and DP, succeeded by SPA

Registered(UEN)

24 May 1961

Active period

5 Feb 1956 - 10 Sep 1963

Founder

E.K. Tan

Elections Contested

1 (1959)

Succeeded by WP

Party

Citizens' Party公民党Parti Warganegara

Abbr.

Other name(s)& chronology

Succeeded by WP

Registered(UEN)

Active period

25 Feb 1959 - 13 Sep 1960

Founder

Seah Peng Chuan

Elections Contested

1 (1959)

Split faction from LSP

Party

Katong United Residents' Association加东居民统一工会Persatuan Penduduk Bersatu Katong

Abbr.

KURA

Other name(s)& chronology

Split faction from LSP

Registered(UEN)

Active period

11 Jan 1959 - 23 Jun 1960

Founder

Felice Leon-Soh

Elections Contested

1 (1959)

Succeeded by LSP

Party

Democratic Party民主党Parti Demokratik

Abbr.

Other name(s)& chronology

Succeeded by LSP

Registered(UEN)

Active period

11 Feb 1955 - 5 Feb 1956

Founder

Tan Eng Joo

Elections Contested

1 (1955)

Succeeded by SLF, affiliated: Singapore Socialist Party

Party

Labour Party劳工党Parti Buroh

Abbr.

Other name(s)& chronology

Succeeded by SLF, affiliated: Singapore Socialist Party

Registered(UEN)

Active period

23 Mar 1948 - 1961

Founder

M.A. MajidM.P.D. NairPeter Williams

Elections Contested

1 (1951)

Succeeded by LSP

Party

Singapore Congress新加坡国民大会党Kongres Singapura

Abbr.

Other name(s)& chronology

Succeeded by LSP

Registered(UEN)

Active period

9 May 1960 - 29 Jan 1962

Founder

Felice Leon-Soh

Elections Contested

Party

United People's Front人民联合阵线 Barisan Rakyat Bersatu

Abbr.

UPF

Other name(s)& chronology

Registered(UEN)

21 Mar 1975 (S75SS0028F)

Active period

21 Mar 1975 -

Founder

Harbans Singh

Elections Contested

4 (1976, 1980, 1984, 1988)

Pan-Malayan Islamic Party, Persatuan Islam Setanah Melayu (1958–1967)

Party

Angkatan IslamIslamic Movement回教阵线

Abbr.

Other name(s)& chronology

Pan-Malayan Islamic Party, Persatuan Islam Setanah Melayu (1958–1967)

Registered(UEN)

6 Aug 1958 (S58SS0006B)

Active period

6 Aug 1958 -

Founder

Elections Contested

4 (1959, 1963, 1984, 1988)

Malayan Chinese Association (1950–1967), collated by SA

Party

Singapore Chinese Party新加坡华人党Parti Cina Singapura

Abbr.

MCA

Other name(s)& chronology

Malayan Chinese Association (1950–1967), collated by SA

Registered(UEN)

26 Sep 1950 (S50SS0003G)

Active period

26 Sep 1950 -

Founder

Elections Contested

3 (1955, 1959, 1972)

Split faction from BS

Party

People's Front人民阵线Barisan Rakyat

Abbr.

Other name(s)& chronology

Split faction from BS

Registered(UEN)

21 May 1971 (S71SS0037F)

Active period

21 May 1971 -

Founder

Elections Contested

2 (1972, 1976)

Party

Partai RakyatPeople's Party (Singapore State Division)人民党 (新加坡州部)Partai Rakyat

Abbr.

PRSSD

Other name(s)& chronology

Registered(UEN)

18 Jun 1962 (S56SS0008F)

Active period

11 Nov 1955 -

Founder

Ahmad Boestamam

Elections Contested

2 (1959, 1963)

Party

United National Front联合国民阵线Barisan Nasional Bersatu

Abbr.

UNF

Other name(s)& chronology

Registered(UEN)

6 Mar 1970 (S70SS0008D)

Active period

6 Mar 1970 -

Founder

Elections Contested

1 (1972)

Singapore Alliance, Perikatan Singapura (1963–1965), Alliance Party Singapura (from 1966)

Party

Singapore Alliance Party新加坡联盟党 Parti Perikatan Singapura

Abbr.

Other name(s)& chronology

Singapore Alliance, Perikatan Singapura (1963–1965), Alliance Party Singapura (from 1966)

Registered(UEN)

30 May 1963 (S66SS0019K)

Active period

30 May 1963 - 17 Feb 1966

Founder

Lim Yew Hock

Elections Contested

1 (1963)

Party

Parti Kesatuan Ra'ayatUnited Democratic Party民主统一党

Abbr.

Other name(s)& chronology

Registered(UEN)

18 Jun 1962 (S62SS0078B)

Active period

18 Jun 1962 -

Founder

Elections Contested

1 (1963)

Party

United People's Party人民团结党Parti Rakyat Bersatu

Abbr.

UPP

Other name(s)& chronology

Registered(UEN)

14 Jul 1961 (S61SS0187H)

Active period

14 Jul 1961 - 1968

Founder

Ong Eng Guan

Elections Contested

1 (1963)

Singapore Regional Indian Congress (1946–1953)Malayan Indian Congress (1953–1968), collated by SA

Party

Singapore Indian Congress新加坡印度国民大会党Kongres India Singapura

Abbr.

MIC, later SIC

Other name(s)& chronology

Singapore Regional Indian Congress (1946–1953)Malayan Indian Congress (1953–1968), collated by SA

Registered(UEN)

7 Aug 1962 (S62SS0014K)

Active period

Aug 1946 -

Founder

Elections Contested

1 (1959)

Split faction from SDP

Party

United Singapore Democrats团结新加坡民主党Demokrat Singapura Bersatu

Abbr.

USD

Other name(s)& chronology

Split faction from SDP

Registered(UEN)

25 Mar 2010 (T10SS0067B)

Active period

25 Mar 2010 -

Founder

Jaslyn Go

Elections Contested

Split faction from RP

Party

Socialist Front社会主义阵线Socialist Front

Abbr.

Other name(s)& chronology

Split faction from RP

Registered(UEN)

1 Sep 2010 (T10SS0127F)

Active period

1 Sep 2010 -

Founder

Chia Ti Lik

Elections Contested

Party

People's Liberal Democratic Party人民自由民主党Parti Liberal Demokratik Rakyat

Abbr.

Other name(s)& chronology

Registered(UEN)

2 May 2006 (T06SS0103F)

Active period

2 May 2006 -

Founder

Ooi Boon Ewe

Elections Contested

Party

Singapore National Front新加坡国民阵线Barisan Nasional Singapura

Abbr.

SNF

Other name(s)& chronology

Registered(UEN)

15 Aug 1991 (S91SS0005E)

Active period

15 Aug 1991 -

Founder

Elections Contested

Party

People's Republican Party人民共和党Partai Rakyat Republik

Abbr.

Other name(s)& chronology

Registered(UEN)

30 Aug 1973 (S73SS0032C)

Active period

30 Aug 1973 -

Founder

Elections Contested

Party

National Party of Singapore新加坡国民党Parti Nasional Singapura

Abbr.

Other name(s)& chronology

Registered(UEN)

26 Feb 1971 (S71SS0003G)

Active period

26 Feb 1971 -

Founder

Elections Contested

Party

Persatuan Melayu SingapuraSingapore Malay Association新加坡马来人协会

Abbr.

Other name(s)& chronology

Registered(UEN)

2 Feb 1952 (S52SS0003F)

Active period

2 Feb 1952 -

Founder

Elections Contested

Party	Abbr.	Other name(s)& chronology	Registered(UEN)	Active period	Founder	Elections Contested
Barisan Sosialis社会主义阵线)	BS	Split faction from PAP	13 Aug 1961	29 Jul 1961 - 1988	Lee Siew ChohLim Chin Siong	5 (1963, 1972, 1976, 1980, 1984)
Progressive Party进步党Parti Progresif	PP	Succeeded by LSP	-	25 Aug 1947 - 10 May 1956	Tan Chye ChengJohn LaycockNazir Ahmad Mallal	3 (1948, 1951, 1955)
Malay Union新加坡马来人联合会Kesatuan Melayu Singapura	KMS	-	-	14 May 1926 - 1961	Ishak bin Ahmad	2 (1955, 1959)
Labour Front劳工阵线Barisan Buroh	SLF	Preceded by LP	-	21 Aug 1954 - 28 Feb 1960	David MarshallLim Yew HockFrancis Thomas	2 (1955, 1959)
Singaporeans First国人为先Warga Diutamakan	SGF	-	19 Aug 2014	25 May 2014 -25 Jun 2020	Tan Jee Say	1 (2015)
Singapore People's Alliance新加坡人民联盟Perikatan Rakyat Singapura	SPA	Split faction from SLF, collated by SA	-	10 Nov 1958 - 16 May 1965	Lim Yew Hock	1 (1959)
Liberal Socialist Party自由社会党Parti Liberal Sosialis	LSP	Preceded by PP and DP, succeeded by SPA	24 May 1961	5 Feb 1956 - 10 Sep 1963	Tan	1 (1959)
Citizens' Party公民党Parti Warganegara	CP	Succeeded by WP	-	25 Feb 1959 - 13 Sep 1960	Seah Peng Chuan	1 (1959)
Katong United Residents' Association加东居民统一工会Persatuan Penduduk Bersatu Katong	KURA	Split faction from LSP	-	11 Jan 1959 - 23 Jun 1960	Felice Leon-Soh	1 (1959)
Democratic Party民主党Parti Demokratik	DP	Succeeded by LSP	-	11 Feb 1955 - 5 Feb 1956	Tan Eng Joo	1 (1955)
Labour Party劳工党Parti Buroh	LP	Succeeded by SLF, affiliated: Singapore Socialist Party	-	23 Mar 1948 - 1961	MajidM.P.D. NairPeter Williams	1 (1951)
Singapore Congress新加坡国民大会党Kongres Singapura	SC	Succeeded by LSP	-	9 May 1960 - 29 Jan 1962	Felice Leon-Soh	0
United People's Front人民联合阵线 Barisan Rakyat Bersatu	UPF	-	21 Mar 1975 (S75SS0028F)	21 Mar 1975 -	Harbans Singh	4 (1976, 1980, 1984, 1988)
Angkatan IslamIslamic Movement回教阵线	AI	Pan-Malayan Islamic Party, Persatuan Islam Setanah Melayu (1958–1967)	6 Aug 1958 (S58SS0006B)	6 Aug 1958 -	-	4 (1959, 1963, 1984, 1988)
Singapore Chinese Party新加坡华人党Parti Cina Singapura	MCA	Malayan Chinese Association (1950–1967), collated by SA	26 Sep 1950 (S50SS0003G)	26 Sep 1950 -	-	3 (1955, 1959, 1972)
People's Front人民阵线Barisan Rakyat	-	Split faction from BS	21 May 1971 (S71SS0037F)	21 May 1971 -	-	2 (1972, 1976)
Partai RakyatPeople's Party (Singapore State Division)人民党 (新加坡州部)Partai Rakyat	PRSSD	-	18 Jun 1962 (S56SS0008F)	11 Nov 1955 -	Ahmad Boestamam	2 (1959, 1963)
United National Front联合国民阵线Barisan Nasional Bersatu	UNF	-	6 Mar 1970 (S70SS0008D)	6 Mar 1970 -	-	1 (1972)
Singapore Alliance Party新加坡联盟党 Parti Perikatan Singapura	SA	Singapore Alliance, Perikatan Singapura (1963–1965), Alliance Party Singapura (from 1966)	30 May 1963 (S66SS0019K)	30 May 1963 - 17 Feb 1966	Lim Yew Hock	1 (1963)
Parti Kesatuan Ra'ayatUnited Democratic Party民主统一党	-	-	18 Jun 1962 (S62SS0078B)	18 Jun 1962 -	-	1 (1963)
United People's Party人民团结党Parti Rakyat Bersatu	UPP	-	14 Jul 1961 (S61SS0187H)	14 Jul 1961 - 1968	Ong Eng Guan	1 (1963)
Singapore Indian Congress新加坡印度国民大会党Kongres India Singapura	MIC, later SIC	Singapore Regional Indian Congress (1946–1953)Malayan Indian Congress (1953–1968), collated by SA	7 Aug 1962 (S62SS0014K)	Aug 1946 -	-	1 (1959)
United Singapore Democrats团结新加坡民主党Demokrat Singapura Bersatu	USD	Split faction from SDP	25 Mar 2010 (T10SS0067B)	25 Mar 2010 -	Jaslyn Go	0
Socialist Front社会主义阵线Socialist Front	SF	Split faction from RP	1 Sep 2010 (T10SS0127F)	1 Sep 2010 -	Chia Ti Lik	0
People's Liberal Democratic Party人民自由民主党Parti Liberal Demokratik Rakyat	-	-	2 May 2006 (T06SS0103F)	2 May 2006 -	Ooi Boon Ewe	0
Singapore National Front新加坡国民阵线Barisan Nasional Singapura	SNF	-	15 Aug 1991 (S91SS0005E)	15 Aug 1991 -	-	0
People's Republican Party人民共和党Partai Rakyat Republik	-	-	30 Aug 1973 (S73SS0032C)	30 Aug 1973 -	-	0
National Party of Singapore新加坡国民党Parti Nasional Singapura	-	-	26 Feb 1971 (S71SS0003G)	26 Feb 1971 -	-	0
Persatuan Melayu SingapuraSingapore Malay Association新加坡马来人协会	-	-	2 Feb 1952 (S52SS0003F)	2 Feb 1952 -	-	0

References

The tally does not include city council elections, by-elections, Malaysian parliamentary elections or presidential elect
The tally is based on the latest number of MPs, NCMPs, and NMPs of Parliament.
The party was contested under the coalition of Singapore Democratic Alliance (SDA).
The party was contested under the coalition of People's Alliance for Reform (PAR).
The party was contested under the coalition of Singapore People's Party (SPP).
The party may have ceased to exist as of 11 August 2025 and de-registered under Societies Act.
The party was contested under the coalition of United People's Front (UPF).
Mothership.sg
https://mothership.sg/2017/05/nsp-secretary-general-lim-tean-quits-party-suddenly/
TODAYonline
https://www.todayonline.com/singapore/former-opposition-party-chief-lim-tean-forms-new-political-party-peoples-voice
CNA
https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/lim-tean-resigns-as-nsp-secretary-general-8871432
CNA
https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/tan-cheng-bock-new-political-party-progress-singapore-11138530
CNA
https://web.archive.org/web/20200531101721/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/michelle-lee-ravi-philemon-new-political-party-red-dot-united-12788676
TODAYonline
https://www.todayonline.com/singapore/red-dot-united-gets-approval-registration-political-party-set-take-part-coming-ge
"Former Reform Party chairman Andy Zhu and others form new political party, Singapore United Party"
https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/politics/former-rp-chairman-andy-zhu-and-others-form-new-political-party-singapore-united
The Straits Times
https://www.straitstimes.com/politics/opposition-parties-singfirst-reform-party-dpp-and-ppp-to-form-alliance-for-general-election
The Straits Times
https://www.straitstimes.com/politics/singapore-ge-four-parties-apply-to-join-singapore-democratic-alliance-instead-of
The Straits Times
https://www.straitstimes.com/politics/sda-puts-on-hold-membership-applications-from-four-parties-scuppering-plans-for-opposition
AsiaOne
https://www.asiaone.com/singapore/you-cant-sit-us-sda-thwarts-opposition-parties-hope-contesting-ge-together
Today
https://www.todayonline.com/singapore/alliance-deal-over-ppp-rp-singfirst-dpp-link-informally-instead-goh-meng-seng
The Straits Times
https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/opposition-alliance-in-s-pore-political-reality-or-pipe-dream
The Straits Times
https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/politics/peoples-power-party-withdraws-from-four-party-opposition-alliance-led-by-lim-tean
The Straits Times
https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/four-opposition-parties-form-coalition-ahead-of-next-ge
"Ministry of Home Affairs - Introduction of the Political Donations Act"
https://web.archive.org/web/20130122223736/http://www.mha.gov.sg/basic_content.aspx?pageid=66
crikey.com.au
http://www.crikey.com.au/2010/02/01/mayne-sifting-through-the-political-donations-data/
elections department, Singapore
https://www.eld.gov.sg/partyabbrev.html
Ministry of Home Affairs
https://www.mha.gov.sg/mha-e-services/ros/registered-societies#services
National Archives Singapore
https://www.nas.gov.sg/archivesonline/photographs/record-details/3bf8dbe5-1162-11e3-83d5-0050568939ad
Malayan Indian Congress
https://sg-elections.com/political-parties/mic.html
sg.elections.com
https://sg-elections.com/political-parties/usd.html