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This article discusses political parties in Russia. The Russian Federation has a de jure multi-party system, however it operates as a dominant-party system. As of 2020, six parties have members in the federal parliament, the State Duma, with one dominant party (United Russia). As of July 2023, 27 political parties are officially registered in the Russian Federation, 25 of which have the right to participate in elections.
| Party | Est. | Leader | Ideology | State Duma | Federation Council | Regional | Politicalposition | Alliances | |||
| | ERЕР | United RussiaЕдиная Россия | 2001 | Dmitry Medvedev | StatismRussian conservatismRussian nationalism | 325 / 450 | 136 / 178 | 2,683 / 3,908 | Big tent | ONF | |
| | KPRFКПРФ | Communist Party of the Russian FederationКоммунистическая партия Российской Федерации | 1993 | Gennady Zyuganov | CommunismMarxism–LeninismLeft-wing nationalismNeo-Stalinism (factions) | 57 / 450 | 4 / 178 | 523 / 3,908 | Far-left | UCP–CPSUInternational:IMCWP | |
| | SRZPСРЗП | A Just Russia — For TruthСправедливая Россия — За правду | 2006 | Sergey Mironov,Zakhar Prilepin,Gennady Semigin | Social democracyDemocratic socialismSocial conservatismRussian nationalism | 27 / 450 | 3 / 178 | 230 / 3,908 | Centre tocentre-left | ONF | |
| | LDPRЛДПР | Liberal Democratic Party of RussiaЛиберально-демократическая партия России | 1992 | Leonid Slutsky | Pan-SlavismMonarchismSocial conservatismRight-wing populismUltranationalism | 23 / 450 | 3 / 178 | 239 / 3,908 | Right-wingto far-right | ||
| | NLНЛ | New PeopleНовые люди | 2020 | Alexey Nechayev | CommunitarianismRegionalismDirect democracy | 15 / 450 | 0 / 178 | 56 / 3,908 | Centre-right | SPPS | |
| | RodinaРодина | RodinaРодина | 2012 | Aleksey Zhuravlyov | Russian nationalismRussian conservatismSocial conservatismRight-wing populism | 1 / 450 | 0 / 178 | 11 / 3,908 | Far-right | ONF | |
| | GPГП | Civic PlatformГражданская платформа | 2012 | Rifat Shaykhutdinov | Liberal conservatismEconomic liberalism | 1 / 450 | 0 / 178 | 5 / 3,908 | Centre-right | ||
| Name | Founded | Leader | Ideology | Regional parliaments | Position | Alliances | |||
| RPPSJРППСС | Russian Party of Pensioners for Social JusticeРоссийская партия пенсионеров за социальную справедливость | 2012 | Erik Prazdnikov | Pensioners' interestsElderly interestsSocial justiceSingle-issue politics | 34 / 3,908 | Centre | |||
| | CPCRКПКР | Communist Party "Communists of Russia"Коммунистическая партия «Коммунисты России» | 2012 | Maxim Suraykin | CommunismMarxism–LeninismStalinismAnti-revisionism | 15 / 3,908 | Far-left | International:IMCWP (observer) | |
| | YablokoЯблоко | Russian United Democratic Party "Yabloko"Российская объединённая демократическая партия «Яблоко» | 1993 | Nikolay Rybakov | Social liberalismProgressivismFeminismPro-Europeanism | 11 / 3,908 | Centre-left | International:LIEuropean:EGP (associated faction) | |
| T-NVТ-НВ | Tatarstan — New AgeТатарстан — новый век | 2023 | Rinat Zakirov | Tatar nationalismEnvironmentalismPutinism | 8 / 3,908 | Big Tent | |||
| | REP "The Greens"РЭП «Зелёные» | Russian Ecological Party "The Greens"Российская экологическая партия «Зелёные» | 2012 | Andrey Nagibin [ru] | Green politicsAgrarianism | 5 / 3,908 | Centre to centre-left | ONFEAGP | |
| GA!ЗА! | Green AlternativeЗелёная альтернатива | 2020 | Ruslan Khvostov | Green politicsEnvironmentalismPro-Europeanism | 2 / 3,908 | Centre-left | |||
| | PSPПСЗ | Political party of Social ProtectionПолитическая партия социальной защиты | 2012 | Vladimir Mikhailov | Social justice | 2 / 3,908 | Centre | ||
| | PDDППД | Party of Direct DemocracyПартия прямой демократии | 2020 | Oleg Artamonov | Direct democracyE-democracy | 1 / 3,908 | Centre-right | ||
| Name | Founded | Leader | Ideology | Location | Representation inregional legislature | ||
| Donetsk Republic | 2005 | Denis Pushilin | Russian nationalismDonbas separatism | Donetsk People's Republic | 74 / 100 | ||
| | Free Donbas | 2014 | Vladimir Medvedev | Russian nationalismDonbas separatism | Donetsk People's Republic | 26 / 100 | |
| | Peace to Luhanshchyna | 2014 | Leonid Pasechnik | Donbas separatismCentrism (self-declared) | Luhansk People's Republic | 37 / 50 | |
| Luhansk Economic Union | 2014 | Zinaida Nadion [ru] | Donbas separatismLiberal conservatism | Luhansk People's Republic | 13 / 50 | ||
| | New Russia Party | 2014 | Pavel GubarevEkaterina Gubareva | Russian nationalismEurasianism | Donetsk People's Republic | 0 / 100 | |
| | Volodymyr Saldo Bloc | 2019 | Vladimir Saldo | Kherson regionalismDecentralizationRussophilia | Kherson Oblast | 0 / 64 | |
| No. | Full name | Short name | Abbr. | Ideology | Position | Leader(s) | Created | Registration | Last federal elections results | Free access to thenext legislative election | Note | |||
| Presidential | Legislative | |||||||||||||
| 1 | | All-Russian political party "United Russia"Всероссийская политическая партия "Единая Россия" | United Russia | URЕР | Conservatism (Russian)StatismCultural nationalism (Russian)Putinism | Big tent | Dmitry Medvedev | 2001 | 2003 | DNP(endorsed Vladimir Putin) | Party list)45.86% (SMC)(324 seats) | ✓ | MJ profile Archived 2022-01-19 at the Wayback MachineCEC profileWebsite | |
| 2 | | Political party "Communist Party of the Russian Federation"Политическая партия "Коммунистическая партия Российской Федерации" | Communist Party | CPRFКПРФ | CommunismMarxism–LeninismDemocratic socialismSoviet patriotismNeo-Stalinism | Far-left | Gennady Zyuganov | 1990 | 2002 | Nikolay Kharitonov) | Party list)16.35% (SMC)(57 seats) | ✓ | MJ profileCEC profileWebsite | |
| 3 | | Political party LDPR – Liberal Democratic Party of RussiaПолитическая партия ЛДПР – Либерально-демократическая партия Россия | Liberal Democratic Party | LDPRЛДПР | Russian ultranationalismRight-wing populismSocial conservatismEconomic interventionismPan-Slavism | Right-wing to far-right | Leonid Slutsky | 1992 | 2002 | Leonid Slutsky) | Party list)5.89% (SMC)(21 seats) | ✓ | MJ profileCEC profileWebsite | |
| 4 | | Political party "Russian United Democratic Party "Yabloko Политическая партия "Российская объединенная демократическая партия "Яблоко" | YablokoЯблоко | Social liberalismProgressivismFeminismPro-Europeanism | Centre to centre-left | Nikolay Rybakov | 1995 | 2003 | DNP | Party list)1.99% (SMC)(0 seats) | ✓ | MJ profileCEC profileWebsite | ||
| 5 | | Socialist Political Party "A Just Russia – Patriots – For Truth"Социалистическая политическая партия "Справедливая Россия – Патриоты – За Правду" | A Just Russia – For Truth | SRZPСРЗП | Social democracyDemocratic socialismNational conservatismEurasianism | Centre to Centre-left | Sergey MironovZakhar Prilepin | 2006 | 2006 | DNP(endorsed Vladimir Putin) | Party list)8.78% (SMC)(27 seats) | ✓ | MJ profileCEC profileWebsite | |
| 6 | | Political party "Democratic Party of Russia"Политическая партия "Демократическая партия России" | Democratic Party | DPRДПР | ConservatismPopulism | Centre-right to right-wing | Alexander Zorin | 1990 | 2012 | DNP(endorsed Vladimir Putin) | DNP | ✘ | MJ profile Archived 2021-08-23 at the Wayback MachineCEC profile | |
| 7 | | Political Party "Party of Progress"Политическая партия "Партия прогресса" | Party of Progress | PPПП | Andrey Poda | 2012 | 2012 | DNP | DNP | ✘ | MJ profile Archived 2021-09-20 at the Wayback MachineCEC profile | |||
| 8 | | Political party "Russian Party of Freedom and Justice"Политическая партия "Российская партия свободы и справедливости" | Party of Freedom and Justice | RPFJРПСС | Social democracyRussian nationalismPatriotismFederalism | Centre-left | Ilmi Shagan | 2012 | 2012 | DNP | Party list)0.68% (SMC)(0 seats) | ✘ | MJ profileCEC profile | |
| 9 | | Political party "Russian Ecological Party "The Greens"Политическая Партия "Российская экологическая партия «Зелёные» | REP "The Greens"РЭП «Зелёные» | Green politicsAgrarianism | Centre | Andrey Nagibin [ru]Alexandra KudzagovaSergey ShakhmatovRufina Shagapova | 1993 | 2012 | DNP(endorsed Vladimir Putin) | Party list)0.98% (SMC)(0 seats) | ✓ | MJ profile Archived 2021-09-03 at the Wayback MachineCEC profileWebsite | ||
| 10 | | Political party Communist Party Communists of RussiaПолитическая партия Коммунистическая партия Коммунисты России | Communists of Russia | CPCRКПКР | CommunismMarxism–LeninismStalinismAnti-revisionism | Far-left | Sergey Malinkovich | 2009 | 2012 | DNP | Party list)2.98% (SMC)(0 seats) | ✓ | MJ profileCEC profileWebsite | |
| 11 | | All-Russian political party "Party for Fairness!"Всероссийская политическая партия "Партия за справедливость!" | Party for Fairness! | PARZAS!ПАРЗАС! | Social democracy | Centre-left | Vladimir Ponomarenko | 2012 | 2012 | DNP | DNP | ✘ | MJ profileCEC profileWebsite | |
| 12 | | Political party of Social ProtectionПолитическая партия социальной защиты | Party of Social Protection | PSPПСЗ | Populism | Vladimir Mikhailov | 2012 | 2012 | DNP | DNP | ✘ | MJ profileCEC profileWebsite | ||
| 13 | Political party "Russian Party of Pensioners for Social Justice"Политическая партия "Российская партия пенсионеров за социальную справедливость" | Party of Pensioners | RPPSJРППСС | Pensioners' interestsElderly interestsSocial justiceSingle-issue politics | Centre | Erik Prazdnikov | 1997 | 2012 | DNP(endorsed Vladimir Putin) | Party list)3.58% (SMC)(0 seats) | ✓ | MJ profileCEC profileWebsite | ||
| 14 | | Political party "Civic Platform"Политическая партия "Гражданская платформа" | Civic Platform | CPГП | ConservatismEconomic liberalism | Right-wing | Rifat Shaykhutdinov | 2012 | 2012 | DNP | Party list)0.70% (SMC)(1 seat) | ✓ | MJ profileCEC profileWebsite | |
| 15 | | All-Russian political party "Rodina"Всероссийская политическая партия "Родина" | RodinaРодина | Russian nationalismRussian conservatismNational conservatismSocial conservatismRight-wing populism | Far-right | Aleksey Zhuravlyov | 2003 | 2012 | DNP(endorsed Vladimir Putin) | Party list)1.51% (SMC)(1 seat) | ✓ | MJ profileCEC profileWebsite | ||
| 16 | Political party "Cossack Party of the Russian Federation"Политическая партия "Казачья партия Российской Федерации" | Cossack Party | CosPRFКаПРФ | Cossack interestsChristian conservatism | Right-wing | Sergey Kolosok | 2013 | 2013 | DNP | DNP | ✘ | MJ profileCEC profileWebsite | ||
| 17 | | Political party "Party of Russia's Rebirth"Политическая партия "Партия возрождения России" | Party of Russia's Rebirth | PRRПВР | Social democracyDemocratic socialism | Centre-left | Igor Ashurbeyli | 2002 | 2013 | DNP | DNP | ✘ | MJ profileCEC profileWebsite | |
| 18 | | Political party "New People"Политическая партия «Новые люди» | New People | NPНЛ | LiberalismCommunitarismRegionalism | Centre to centre-right | Alexey Nechayev | 2020 | 2020 | Vladislav Davankov) | Party list)4.88% (SMC)(13 seats) | ✓ | MJ profile Archived 2021-09-20 at the Wayback MachineCEC profileWebsite | |
| 19 | Political party "Green Alternative"Политическая партия «Зелёная альтернатива» | Green Alternative | GAЗА | Green politicsEnvironmentalismPro-Europeanism | Centre-left | Ruslan Khvostov | 2020 | 2020 | DNP | Party list)0.22% (SMC)(0 seats) | ✓ | MJ profileCEC profileWebsite | ||
| 20 | | Political party "Party of Direct Democracy"Политическая партия «Партия прямой демократии» | Party of Direct Democracy | PDDППД | Direct democracyE-democracy | Centre to centre-right | Oleg Artamonov | 2020 | 2020 | DNP | DNP | ✓ | MJ profile Archived 2021-09-20 at the Wayback MachineCEC profileWebsite | |
| Name | Abbr. | Leader (s) | Ideology | Years active | ||
| | Confederation of Anarcho-SyndicalistsКонфедерация анархо-синдикалистов | CASКАС | Andrey Isaev [ru] Igor Podshivalov [ru] Alexander Shubin Vladlen Tupikin [ru] | Anarcho-syndicalismSyndicalism | 1988–1995 | |
| Committee for Workers' Democracy and International SocialismКомитет за рабочую демократию и международный социализм | CWDISКРДМС | Sergei Biets [ru] | MarxismTrotskyism | 1990–1999Succeeded by RWP | ||
| Party of the Dictatorship of the ProletariatПартия диктатуры пролетариата | PDPПДП | Grigory Isayev | CommunismProletarian internationalism | 1990–2020 | ||
| | Communist Party of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist RepublicКоммунистическая партия Российской Советской Федеративной Социалистической Республики | CP RSFSRКП РСФСР | Ivan Polozkov [ru]Valentin Kuptsov [ru] | CommunismMarxism–LeninismLeft-wing nationalism | 1990–1993(banned in 1991)Succeeded by CPRF | |
| Russian Communist Workers PartyРоссийская коммунистическая рабочая партия | RCWPРКРП | Viktor AnpilovViktor Tyulkin | CommunismMarxism–LeninismAnti-revisionismStalinism | 1991–2001Merged into RCWP-RPC | ||
| Russian Party of Communists [ru] Российская партия коммунистов Revolutionary Party of Сommunists [ru] Революционная партия коммунистов | RPCРПК | Anatoly Kryuchkov [ru] | CommunismMarxism | 1991–2001Merged into RCWP-RPC | ||
| Communists — Labour Russia — For the Soviet Union [ru] Коммунисты — Трудовая Россия — За Советский Союз | KTRКТР | Viktor TyulkinAnatoly Kryuchkov [ru]Viktor Anpilov | CommunismMarxism–LeninismAnti-revisionismSoviet patriotism | 1995–1999 | ||
| Stalin Bloc – For the USSRСталинский блок — За СССР | SBСБ | Yevgeny DzhugashviliViktor AnpilovStanislav Terekhov [ru] | CommunismStalinismMarxism-LeninismAnti-revisionismSoviet patriotismNational Communism | 1997–1999 | ||
| | Socialist ResistanceСоциалистическое сопротивление | SocSoprСоцСопр | Collective leadership | SocialismTrotskyism | 1998–2011Successed by SA | |
| | Russian Communist Workers' Party – Revolutionary Party of CommunistsРоссийская коммунистическая рабочая партия – Революционная партия коммунистов | RCWP-RPCРКРП-РПК | Viktor Tyulkin | CommunismMarxism–LeninismAnti-revisionism | 2001–2007(officially deregistered) | |
| | Resistance Movement named after Petr AlexeevДвижение сопротивления имени Петра Алексеева | DSPAДСПА | Dmitry Zhvania | SocialismSelf-management socialism | 2004–2012 | |
| | All-Russian Communist Party of the Future [ru]Всероссийская коммунистическая партия будущего | VKPBВКПБ | Vladimir TikhonovAleksandr Kuvayev [ru] | CommunismMarxism–LeninismSoviet patriotism | 2004–2009 | |
| | Socialist League "Forward"Социалистическое движение «Вперёд» | SLVСДВ | Collective leadership | TrotskyismEco-socialismSocialist feminism | 2005–2011Merged into RSM | |
| | Interprofessional Workers' Union [ru]Межпрофессиональный союз трудящихся | MPSTМПСТ | Collective leadership | Anarcho-communismAnarcho-syndicalism | 2008–2019 | |
| | Russian United Labour FrontРоссийский объединённый трудовой фронт | ROT FRONTРОТ ФРОНТ | Viktor TyulkinSergei Udaltsov | CommunismMarxism–LeninismSocialism | 2010–2020(officially deregistered) | |
| | Russian Maoist PartyРоссийская маоистская партия | RMPРМП | Dar Zhutayev [ru] | CommunismMarxism–Leninism–MaoismAnti-revisionismProletarian internationalismMarxist feminism | 2000 | |
| Name | Abbr. | Leader (s) | Ideology | Years active | ||
| Civil United Green AlternativeГражданская объединённая зелёная альтернатива | GROZAГРОЗА | Oleg Mitvol (2009–2012) | Green politicsAlter-globalismAnti-fascismSocial justice | 1991–2012 | ||
| | Labour Party (Russia) [ru]Партия труда | PTПТ | Oleg Smolin | Democratic socialismSyndicalism | 1992–1994 | |
| | Agrarian Party of RussiaАграрная партия России | APRАПР | Mikhail Lapshin Vladimir Plotnikov | Agrarian socialismCollectivist anarchism | 1993–2008Merged into United RussiaRe-founded in 2012 | |
| Socialist United Party of RussiaСоциалистическая единая партия России | SEPRСЕПР | Alexey PodberezkinIvan RybkinVasily Shestakov [ru] | SocialismSocialist patriotismChristian left | 2002–2007Merged into A Just Russia | ||
| | Patriots of RussiaПатриоты России | PRПР | Gennady Semigin | Democratic socialismSocial democracyLeft-wing nationalismSoviet patriotism | 2005–2021Merged into SRZP | |
| Name | Abbr. | Leader (s) | Ideology | Years active | ||
| Social Democratic Party of RussiaСоциал-демократическая партия России | SDPRСДПР | Pavel Kudyukin [ru]Oleg Rumyantsev [ru]Alexander Obolensky (politician) [ru] | Social democracySocial liberalismDemocratic socialism | 1990–2011 | ||
| Civic UnionГражданский союз | CUГС | Arkady Volsky | Social democracyAnti-YeltsinismFederalism | 1992–1994 | ||
| Russian Ecological Party "The Greens"Российская экологическая партия «Зелёные» | REP "The Greens"РЭП «Зелёные» | Yevgeny Belyaev (politician) [ru]Viktor Danilov-Danilyan [ru]Anatoly Panfilov [ru] | Green politics Environmentalism | 1992–2008Merged into A Just RussiaRe-founded in 2012 | ||
| Russian Party of Social DemocracyРоссийская партия социальной демократии | RPSDРПСД | Alexander YakovlevKonstantin Titov | Social democracyLiberal democracy | 1994–2002Merged into SDPR | ||
| | Ivan Rybkin BlocБлок Ивана Рыбкина | Rybkin BlocБлок Рыбкина | Ivan Rybkin | Social democracyAgrarianism | 1995–1995 | |
| Trade Unions and Industrialists – Union of LabourПрофсоюзы – Промышленники России – Союз труда | STСТ | Vladimir Shcherbakov (politician) | Trade unionismIndustrialism | 1995–1996 | ||
| Party of Workers' Self-GovernmentПартия самоуправления трудящихся | PSTПСТ | Svyatoslav Fyodorov | Social democracySocial liberalism | 1995–2006 | ||
| Russian United Social Democratic PartyРоссийская объединённая социал-демократическая партия | RUSDPРОСДП | Mikhail Gorbachev | Social democracy | 2000–2001Reorganized to SDPR | ||
| | Party of Russia's RebirthПартия возрождения России | PVRПВР | Gennady Seleznyov | Social democracyDemocratic socialismHumanismFederalismCivic nationalism | 2000–2008Merged into Patriots of RussiaRe-founded in 2012 | |
| Social Democratic Party of RussiaСоциал-демократическая партия России | SDPRСДПР | Mikhail GorbachevKonstantin Titov | Social democracyDemocratic socialism | 2001–2007Succeeded by USD | ||
| Party of Social JusticeПартия социальной справедливости | PSJПСС | Vladimir KisheninAlexey Podberezkin | Democratic socialismProgressivismSocial conservatism | 2002–2008Merged into A Just Russia | ||
| Union of Greens of RussiaСоюз зелёных России | UGRСЗР | Alexey Yablokov | Green politicsEnvironmentalismCivil rights | 2004–2006Merged into Yabloko | ||
| Union of Social DemocratsСоюз социал-демократов | USDССД | Mikhail Gorbachev | Social democracy | 2007–2013 | ||
| Green AllianceАльянс зелёных | GAАЗ | Oleg MitvolGleb Fetisov | Grassroots democracyGreen politicsSocial democracy | 2012–2019 | ||
| Social Democratic Party of RussiaСоциал-демократическая партия России | SDPRСДПР | Sirazhdin Ramazanov | Social democracy | 2012–2019 | ||
| Name | Abbr. | Leader (s) | Ideology | Years active | ||
| Russian Democratic Reform MovementРоссийское движение демократических реформ | RDRMРДДР | Gavriil PopovAnatoly Sobchak | Liberal democracyPro-CISFederalism | 1992–1995 | ||
| Dignity and CharityДостоинство и милосердие | DCДМ | Konstantin Frolov [ru]Nikolai GubenkoVyacheslav Grishin | Disability rightsFederalism | 1993–1993 | ||
| Future of Russia — New NamesБудущее России — Новые имена | BRNIБРНИ | Vyacheslav Lashchevsky | Youth politicsSocial policies | 1993–1994 | ||
| Women of RussiaЖенщины России | ZhRЖР | Alevtina FedulovaYekaterina Lakhova | FeminismWomen's rights | 1993–1999 | ||
| Party of Russian Unity and AccordПартия российского единства и согласия | PRESПРЕС | Sergey Shakhray | Reformism | 1993–1999Merged into Unity | ||
| Russian Party of PensionersРоссийская партия пенсионеров | RPPРПП | Sergei AtroshenkoIgor Zotov | Pensioners' interestsElderly interestsSocial justiceSingle-issue politicsSocial conservatism | 1997–2007Merged into A Just RussiaRe-founded in 2012 | ||
| Fatherland – All RussiaОтечество – Вся Россия | OVRОВР | Yury LuzhkovYevgeny Primakov | Civic nationalismSocial liberalismRegionalism | 1998–2002Merged into United Russia | ||
| People's Party of the Russian FederationНародная партия Российской Федерации | NPRFНПРФ | Gennady RaikovGennady Gudkov | CentrismLobbyism | 1999–2007Merged into A Just Russia | ||
| Russian Party of LifeРоссийская партия жизни | RPLРПЖ | Sergey Mironov | Economic liberalismThird WayRussian nationalism | 2002–2006Merged into A Just Russia | ||
| Union of People for Education and ScienceСоюз людей за образование и науку | UPESСЛОН | Vyacheslav Igrunov [ru] | Social liberalismSupport of science and education | 2002–2007 | ||
| Civilian PowerГражданская сила | GSГС | Alexander Ryavkin [ru]Mikhail Barshchevsky | Green politics | 2002–2008Merged into Right Cause2012–2025 | ||
| | Committee 2008: A Free ChoiceКомитет 2008: Свободный выбор | Committee 2008Комитет 2008 | Garry Kasparov | LiberalismLiberal democracy | 2004–2005Succeeded by The Other Russia | |
| | Russian Democratic Party "Our Choice"Российская демократическая партия «Наш выбор» | Our ChoiceНаш выбор | Irina Khakamada | LiberalismSocial liberalism | 2004–2006Merged into RNDS | |
| | Yabloko-United DemocratsЯблоко — Объединённые демократы | Yabloko-UDЯблоко-ОД | Ivan Novitsky [ru] | Social liberalismLiberal conservatismGreen politicsPro-Europeanism | 2005–2005 | |
| Russian People's Democratic UnionРоссийский народно-демократический союз | RNDSРНДС | Mikhail Kasyanov | Liberalism | 2006–2012Merged into RPR–PARNAS | ||
| | The Other RussiaДругая Россия | DRДР | Garry KasparovEduard LimonovMikhail Kasyanov | Big tentLiberal democracyNational democracySocial democracySocial liberalismCivic nationalismNational bolshevism | 2006–2010 | |
| | Independent Democratic Party of RussiaНезависимая демократическая партия России | IDPRНДПР | Mikhail Gorbachev Alexander Lebedev | LiberalismSocial liberalism | 2008–2014/16 | |
| People's Freedom Party "For Russia without Lawlessness and Corruption"Партия народной свободы «За Россию без произвола и коррупции» | PARNASПАРНАС | Mikhail KasyanovVladimir MilovBoris NemtsovVladimir Ryzhkov | LiberalismLiberal democracyAnti-corruption | 2010–2012Succeeded by RPR–PARNAS | ||
| | People's Party of RussiaНародная партия России | PPRНПР | Andrei BogdanovStanislav Aranovich | CentrismPopulismAnarchism (factions) | 2012–2019 | |
| | Agrarian Party of RussiaАграрная партия России | APRАПР | Olga Bashmachnikova | AgrarianismAgricultural policyCentrism | 2012–2019 | |
| Party of Pensioners of RussiaПартия пенсионеров России | PPRППР | Valery Ryazansky [ru]Nikolay Chebotarev | Pensioners' interests | 2012–2019 | ||
| Party of Good Deeds | PDDПДД | Andrey Kirillov [ru] | PopulismEnvironmentalism | 2014–2022 | ||
| Name | Abbr. | Leader (s) | Ideology | Years active | ||
| Democratic UnionДемократический союз | DUДС | Valeriya Novodvorskaya | Classical liberalismNeoliberalismLaissez-faireAnti-SovietismAnti-communismAnti-fascismIndividualismAtlanticism | 1988–2014 | ||
| Conservative Party of RussiaКонсервативная партия России | CPRКПР | Lev Ubozhko [ru] | ConservatismLiberal conservatismAnti-communism | 1989–2005 | ||
| | Peasant Party of RussiaКрестьянская партия России | KPRКПР | Yuri Chernichenko [ru] | LiberalismAgrarianismAnti-communism | 1990–1999 | |
| Russian Christian Democratic PartyРоссийская христианско-демократическая партия | RCDPРХДП | Alexander Chuev [ru] | Christian democracyConservatism | 1990–2002 | ||
| | Party of Economic FreedomПартия экономической свободы | PEFПЭС | Konstantin Borovoy | LiberalismNeoconservatismEconomic liberalism | 1992–2003Merged into SPS | |
| Democratic Choice of RussiaДемократический выбор России | DVRДВР | Yegor Gaidar | LiberalismConservative liberalismLiberal conservatismEconomic liberalism | 1993–2001Merged into SPS | ||
| | Forward, Russia!Вперёд, Россия! | FRВР | Boris Fyodorov | Liberal democracyLiberal conservatismPatriotismConservatism | 1995–2002Merged into RPR | |
| | Our Home – RussiaНаш дом — Россия | NDRНДР | Viktor Chernomyrdin | LiberalismLiberal conservatismFiscal conservatism | 1995–2006Merged into United Russia | |
| | Democratic Choice of Russia – United DemocratsДемократический выбор России — Объединенные демократы | DVR-ODДВР-ОД | Yegor Gaidar | Liberal conservatismAnti-communism | 1995–1995 | |
| | Union of Right ForcesСоюз правых сил | SPSСПС | Sergey KiriyenkoBoris NemtsovNikita BelykhLeonid Gozman | Liberal conservatismConservative liberalismNeoliberalismEconomic liberalismPro-Europeanism | 1999–2008Succeeded by Right Cause | |
| Liberal RussiaЛиберальная Россия | LRЛР | Boris Zolotukhin [ru]Sergei YushenkovBoris Berezovsky | LiberalismLiberal conservatism | 2000–2004 | ||
| New Course — Automobile RussiaНовый курс — Автомобильная Россия | NCARНКАР | Viktor Pokhmelkin [ru]Boris FyodorovLeonid Olshansky | LiberalismLiberal conservatismDrivers' rightsAnti-militarism | 2003–2003 | ||
| People's Party "For Women of Russia"Народная партия «За женщин России» | NPZZhRНПЗЖР | Galina LatyshevaGalina Khavraeva | Women's rightsConservatismNeoconservatismSingle-issue party | 2007–2019 | ||
| | Right CauseПравое дело | PDПД | Boris TitovMikhail ProkhorovLeonid GozmanGeorgy Bovt [ru] | Liberal conservatismConservative liberalismEconomic liberalismPro-Europeanismin 2012-2016:National democracyNational patriotism | 2008–2016Succeeded by Party of Growth | |
| | Party of GrowthПартия роста | PRПР | Boris Titov | Liberal conservatismConservative liberalismEconomic liberalism | 2016–2024 | |
| | Civic Initiative | Andrey Nechayev | LiberalismConservative liberalism | 2013–2025 | ||
| Name | Abbr. | Leader (s) | Ideology | Years active | ||
| Constitutional Democratic Party – Party of Popular FreedomКонституционно-демократическая партия – Партия народной свободы | KDP-PNSКДП-ПНС | Mikhail AstafyevSergei Rogozin | Russian nationalismNational conservatismConstitutionalismAnti-Yeltsinism | 1991–2001Merged into People's WillRe-founded in 2008 | ||
| | Russian All-People's UnionРоссийский общенародный союз | ROSРОС | Sergey Baburin | National conservatismRussian nationalismPochvennichestvoRight-wing socialismSocial conservatism | 1991–2001Merged into People's WillRe-founded in 2008, Dissolved in 2025 | |
| Congress of Russian CommunitiesКонгресс русских общин | CRCКРО | Dmitry RogozinAlexander LebedYury Skokov | Russian nationalismNational conservatismTraditionalism | 1992–2004Merged into Rodina in 2004Re-founded in 2006Merged into Rodina in 2012 | ||
| Popular Patriotic PartyНародно-патриотическая партия | NPPНПП | Alexander KotenevAnatoly Gil | Russian nationalismSocial conservatismVeterans of Afghan war' interestsYeltsinism | 1992–1999Merged into Unity | ||
| Social Patriotic Movement "Power"Социал-патриотическое движение «Держава» | DerzhavaДержава | Alexander RutskoyKonstantin Zatulin | Russian nationalismSocial conservatismPatriotismSocial patriotismRight-wing populismPan-Slavism | 1995–1999Merged into OVR | ||
| Power to the People!Власть — народу! | VNВН | Nikolai RyzhkovSergey BaburinYelena Shuvalova | PatriotismSocial conservatismPochvennichestvoRight-wing socialism | 1995–1995 | ||
| People's Republican Party of Russia [ru] Народно-республиканская партия России | NRPRНРПР | Alexander LebedVladimir Kushnerenko | National conservatismSocial conservatismThird wayStatism | 1995–2007 | ||
| Russian Socialist PartyРусская социалистическая партия | RSPРСП | Vladimir Bryntsalov | Moderate conservatismTraditionalismSocial conservatism | 1996–2001Merged into United Russia | ||
| Inter-Regional Movement "Unity"Межрегиональное движение "Единство" | UnityЕдинство | Sergey ShoyguVladimir Putin | ConservatismFiscal conservatismRussian nationalismCentrism (officially) | 1999–2001Reorganized to United Russia | ||
| | People's UnionНародный союзParty of National Revival "People's Will"Партия национального возрождения «Народная Воля» | NSНСNarodnaya VolyaНародная Воля | Sergey Baburin | Russian nationalismConservatismNational conservatismSocial conservatismPochvennichestvoPatriotism | 2001–2008Successed by ROS | |
| For a Holy Russia [ru]За Русь святую | ZRSЗРС | Sergei Popov (politician , born 1960) [ru] | Christian patriorismConservatismSocial conservatismRight-wing socialismPatriotism | 2002–2005 | ||
| | Monarchist Party of RussiaМонархическая партия России | MPRМПР | Anton BakovKarl Emich of Leiningen | Restoration of the Russian monarchyConstitutional monarchismRussian conservatism | 2012–Present | |
| | Great Fatherland PartyПартия Великое Отечество | PVOПВО | Nikolai Starikov | ConservatismNational conservatismRussian nationalismCentrism | 2013–2020 | |
| Name | Abbr. | Leader (s) | Ideology | Years active | ||
| | National Patriotic Front "Memory"Национально-патриотический фронт «Память» | PamyatПамять | Dmitri Vasilyev | Russian ultranationalismNeo-fascismOrthodox nationalismChristian fundamentalismAnti-communismantisemitismAnti-zionismAnti-MasonryTraditionalismNational conservatismMonarchism | 1980–2003Re-founded in 2005 | |
| | National Republican Party of RussiaНационально-республиканская партия России | NRPRНРПР | Nikolay Lysenko (politician) [ru] | Russian ultranationalismMono-national stateAnti-internationalismAnti-cosmopolitanismAnti-communism | 1990–1998 | |
| | Russian National UnityРусское национальное единство | RNUРНЕ | Alexander Barkashov | Neo-NazismRussian nationalismAntisemitismIslamophobiaAnti-immigrationAnti-communismThird Position | 1990–2000(officially banned) | |
| | Russian All-National UnionРусский общенациональный союз | RONSРОНС | Igor Artemov [ru] | Russian ultranationalismOrthodox nationalismChristian fundamentalismNational capitalismWhite nationalismAnti-communismAnti-SovietismAntisemitismAnti-LGBTPan-Slavism | 1990–2011 | |
| People's Liberation Movement "Ours"Народно-освободительное движение «Наши» | NashiНаши | Alexander Nevzorov | Russian nationalismSoviet nationalismStatismChauvinism | 1991–1993 | ||
| Russian PartyРусская партия | RPРП | Viktor KorchaginVladimir Miloserdov | Russian ultranationalismRussian irredentismAntisemitismEconomic liberalismAnti-Christianity | 1991–1997 | ||
| | Front of National Revolutionary ActionФронт национал-революционного действия | FNRDФНРД | Ilya Lazarenko [ru] | Russian ultranationalismRevolutionary nationalismNeo-FascismNeo-NazismStrasserismAntisemitismRussian imperialismOrthodox fundamentalism | 1991–1999 | |
| | Oprichny DvorОпричный дворNational Socialist Russian Workers' PartyНационал-социалистическая русская рабочая партия | OprichniksОпричникиNSRWPНСРРП | Mikhail Glukhov | Russian ultranationalismNeo-fascismNeo-NazismAnti-AmericanismAnti-TurkismAnti-communism | 1993–1997 | |
| | Russian National UnionРусский национальный союзRussian National Socialist PartyРусская национальная социалистическая партия | RNUРНСRNSPРНСП | Konstantin Kasimovsky | Neo-NazismWhite powerRacismAntisemitismAnti-caucasianOrthodox nationalism | 1993–1999 (RNU)1999–2007 (RNSP) | |
| Freedom Party (Russia) [ru]Партия свободы | PSПС | Yuri Belyaev (politician) [ru] | Russian ultranationalismNeo-nazismNeo-fascismWhite nationalismAnti-immigrationAnti-democracyantisemitismAnti-communism | 1994–2009 | ||
| | People's National PartyНародная национальная партия | PNPННП | Aleksandr Ivanov-Sukharevsky | Russian ultranationalismNeo-fascismNeo-NazismWhite nationalismRacismAntisemitismStatism | 1994–2009 | |
| | Slavic UnionСлавянский союз | SSСС | Dmitry Demushkin | Neo-NazismWhite supremacismPan-SlavismAnti-communismXenophobiaAntisemitismAnti-LGBT | 1999–2010 | |
| Conceptual Party "Unity"Концептуальная партия «Единение» | CPUКПЕ | Konstantin Petrov (politician) [ru] | Social Security Conceptionof Dead WaterConspiracy theoryOccultismNeopaganismNeo-StalinismantisemitismAnti-communismAnti-ChristianityAnti-Western sentiment | 2000–2007 | ||
| New Russian National UnityНовое Русское национальное единство | VOPD RNUВОПД РНЕ | Mikhail LalochkinYevgeny Lalochkin | Neo-NazismRussian ultranationalismMonarchismOrthodox nationalismXenophobia | 2000–2013 | ||
| National Sovereignty Party of RussiaНационально-державная партия России | NDPRНДПР | Alexander SevastyanovStanislav Terekhov | Russian nationalism Ethnic nationalismAntisemitism | 2002–2017 | ||
| | Movement Against Illegal ImmigrationДвижение против нелегальной иммиграции | DPNIДПНИ | Vladimir Basmanov [ru]Alexander BelovVladimir Yermolayev | Russian nationalism Ethnic nationalismAnti-immigrationXenophobiaAnti-Islam | 2002–2011 | |
| | National Socialist SocietyНационал-социалистическое общество | NSOНСО | Political Council | Neo-NazismNeo-fascismRussian ultranationalism | 2004–2010 | |
| | Northern BrotherhoodСеверное братство | NBСБ | Pyotr Khomyakov [ru] | Russian ultranationalismRevolutionary nationalismEthnic nationalismRussian separatismNeo-NazismAnti-immigrationAnti-caucasianAntisemitismNordicism | 2006–2012 | |
| People's Militia named after Minin and PozharskyНародное ополчение имени Минина и Пожарского | NOMPНОМП | Vladimir Kvachkov | Russian nationalismUltranationalismAntisemitismMilitarismOrthodox nationalismSoviet patriotism | 2009–2015 | ||
| | Ethno-political Association "Russians"Этнополитическое объединение «Русские» | RussiansРусские | Dmitry DemushkinAlexander Belov | Russian nationalismEthnic nationalismAnti-immigration | 2011–2015 | |
| | Nation and Freedom CommitteeКомитет «Нация и свобода» | NFCКНС | Vladimir Basmanov [ru] | Russian ultranationalismAnti-communismAnti-immigrationEuropean nationalismPan-Slavism | 2014–2020 | |
| | Male StateМужское государство | MGМГ | Vladislav Pozdnjakov [eo] | National patriarchyRussian ultranationalismAntifeminismHomophobiaAnti-immigration | 2016–2020 | |
| Name | Abbr. | Leader (s) | Ideology | Years active | ||
| National Salvation FrontФронт национального спасения | NSFФНС | Collective leadership | StatismNational patriotismRussian nationalismLeft-wing nationalismSoviet patriotismAnti-Yeltsinism | 1992–1994(banned in 1993) | ||
| | National Bolshevik PartyНационал-большевистская партия | NBPНБП | Eduard Limonov | National BolshevismRussian nationalismNeo-SovietismRussian irredentismAnti-Western sentiment | 1993–2007Succeeded by The Other Russia | |
| Beer Lovers PartyПартия любителей пива | BLPПЛП | Dmitry ShestakovKonstantin Kalachev [ru] | Joke partyPatriotismProtectionismEnvironmentalismAnti-establishment | 1993–1998 | ||
| Spiritual HeritageДуховное наследие | SHДН | Alexey Podberezkin | Russian nationalismModerate nationalismPatriotismStatism | 1995–2002 | ||
| Party of Peace and UnityПартия мира и единства | PMEПМЕ | Sazhi Umalatova | InternationalismEurasianismPutinismAnti-AmericanismSoviet nationalism | 1996–2008Merged into Patriots of RussiaRe-founded in 2012 | ||
| | People's Patriotic Union of RussiaНародно-патриотический союз России | NPSRНПСР | Gennady ZyuganovGennady Semigin | PatriotismNationalismStatismSoviet patriotism | 1996–2010Merged into Patriots of Russia | |
| | People's Will ArmyАрмия воли народаFor Responsible GovernmentЗа ответственную власть | AVNАВНZOVЗОВ | Yury Mukhin | DelocracyRussian nationalismNational democracyLeft-wing nationalismAnti-BureaucracyNeo-Stalinismantisemitism | 1997–20112011–2015 | |
| | National Patriotic Union "Rodina"Народно-патриотический союз «Родина» | NPS "Rodina"НПС «Родина» | Dmitry RogozinSergey GlazyevYury Skokov | Russian patriotismSocial democracyProtectionismEconomic nationalism | 2003–2006Merged into A Just RussiaRe-founded in 2012 | |
| | National Bolshevik FrontНационал-большевистский фронт | NBFНБФ | Alexei GolubovichMaksim Shurkin | National BolshevismEurasianismAnti-Limonov tendencyRussian ultranationalismRevolutionary socialismLeft-wing nationalismAnti-liberalismFactions:StrasserismAntisemitismEthnocentrism | 2006–2016 | |
| | Interregional Social Movement "Artpodgotovka"Межрегиональное общественное движение «Артподготовка» | ArtpodgotovkaАртподготовка | Vyacheslav Maltsev | PopulismNational democracyRussian nationalismLeft-wing nationalismSocialismAnti-communismLiberalismDirect democracy | 2013–2017 | |
| | For TruthЗа правду | ZPЗП | Zakhar Prilepin | National conservatismPaternalistic conservatismRussian nationalismAnti-liberalismAuthoritarian capitalismNational patriotismHard euroscepticism | 2020–2021Merged into SRZP | |
| Name | Abbr. | Leader (s) | Ideology | Political position | Years active | ||
| | Adyghe HaseАдыгэ Хасэ | AHАГ | mw- Abubachir Skhalyakho Musa Shanibov Zaurbiy Naloyev [ru] Musa Psikhomakhov | Circassian nationalism | Big tent | 1988–present (Adygea, Krasnodar Krai)1988–1993 (Kabardino-Balkaria)1989–1995 (Karachay-Cherkessia) | |
| NijsxoНийсхо | NН | Issa Dashlakiyev | Ingush nationalism | Big tent | 1988–present(unregistered) | ||
| Khostug TyvaСвободная ТуваХостуг Тыва | KhTСТХТ | Kaadyr-ool Bicheldey | Tuvan nationalismAnti-communismAnti-Russian sentimentPan-Turkism | Big tent | 1989–? | ||
| Sakha OmukСаха Омук | SOСО | Andrei Borisov [ru] | Yakut nationalismAnti-communismPan-Turkism | Big tent | 1990–1994 | ||
| | Vainakh Democratic PartyВайнахская демократическая партияВайнехан Демократан Цхьанкхетаралла | VDPВДПВДЦ | Zelimkhan Yandarbiev | Chechen separatismChechen nationalismAnti-communism | Big tent | 1990–1993 | |
| Buryat-Mongolian People's PartyБурят-Монгольская народная партияБуряад-Монгол Арадай Нам | BMPPБМНПБМАН | Mikhail Ochirov | Buryat nationalismPan-MongolismAnti-communism | Big tent | 1990–1997 | ||
| | Communist Party of the Republic of TatarstanКоммунистическая партия Республики ТатарстанТатарстан Республикасы коммунистлар партиясе | CPRTКПРТТРКП | Robert SadykovAlexander Saliy [ru] | CommunismMarxism–Leninism | Far-left | 1991–2002Merged into CPRF | |
| Union for the National Revival of AlaniaСоюз национального возрождения Алании | UNRAСНВА | Aleksandr Ramonov | National BolshevismOssetian nationalismSoviet patriotism | Far-left | 1991–? | ||
| Fatherland Socialist PartyОтечествоФыдыбӕстӕ | FОФ | Vadim Baskayev | SocialismOssetian nationalismAnti-Ingush sentiment | Left-wing | 1993–2004 | ||
| Styr NyxasСтыр Ныхас | SNСН | Mikhail Gioyev | Ossetian nationalismStyr NyxasAnti-Ingush sentimentAnti-militarism | 1993–? | |||
| | Baltic Republican PartyБалтийская республиканская партия | BRPБРП | Sergei PaskoRustam Vasiliev | Kaliningrad independenceKaliningrad autonomismSocial liberalismPro-EuropeanismAnti-communism | Centre-right | 1993–2005 | |
| | Mari National Rebirth Party "Ushem"Марийская партия национального возрождения "Ушем" | UshemУшем | Vladimir Kozlov | Mari nationalism | Big tent | 1917–1918 (banned)1989–? | |
| Russian UnityРусское единствоРуська єдність | REРЕРЄ | Maksym Kovalenko Sergey Aksyonov | Russian nationalismRussian irredentismRussophiliaCrimean regionalism | Right-wing | 2008–2014Merged into United Russia | ||
| Name | Abbr. | Leader(s) | Ideology | Political position | Years active | ||
| Sole legal party (before 1990) | |||||||
| | Communist Party of the Soviet UnionКоммунистическая партия Советского Союза | CPSUКПСС | Vladimir LeninJoseph StalinGeorgy MalenkovNikita KhrushchevLeonid BrezhnevYuri AndropovKonstantin ChernenkoMikhail GorbachevVladimir Ivashko | CommunismMarxism–Leninism | Far-left | 1917–1991 | |
| Factions inside the RKP(b), VKP(b) and CPSU | |||||||
| Left CommunistsЛевые коммунисты | Nikolai Bukharin | Left communismWorld revolution | 1918–1921 | ||||
| Group of Democratic CentralismГруппа демократического централизма | Valerian ObolenskyTimofei SapronovVladimir SmirnovAndrei BubnovYakov Drobnis | Left communismDemocratic centralism | 1919–1923 | ||||
| Workers' OppositionРабочая оппозиция | Alexander ShliapnikovSergei MedvedevAlexandra KollontaiYury Lutovinov | Trade unionismCouncil communismAnti-bureaucratism | 1920–1922 | ||||
| Workers' TruthРабочая правда | Fanya ShutskeverEfim ShulmanVladimir KhaikevichYakov BudnitskyPauline Lass-KozlovaOleg Vikman-BeleevNellie Krym | Anti-bureaucratism | 1921–1923 | ||||
| Right OppositionПравая оппозиция | Nikolai BukharinAlexei RykovMikhail Tomsky | Agrarian socialismAnti-StalinismNew Economic PolicyAnti-Collectivization | 1921–1933 | ||||
| Left OppositionЛевая оппозиция | Leon Trotsky | TrotskyismAnti-StalinismIndustrialism | 1923–1927 | ||||
| Workers Group of the Russian Communist PartyРабочая группа Российской коммунистической партии | Gavril Myasnikov | Left communismAnti-bureaucratismWorkplace democracy | 1923–1930 | ||||
| United OppositionОбъединённая оппозиция | Leon TrotskyGrigory ZinovievLev Kamenev | Anti-New Economic PolicyAnti-StalinismIndustrialism | 1926–1933 | ||||
| Left-Right BlocПраво-левый блок | Vissarion LominadzeSergey SyrtsovJan Sten | Anti-StalinismAnti-Collectivization | 1929–1933 | ||||
| Union of Marxist-LeninistsСоюз марксистов-ленинцев | Martemyan RyutinVasily Kayurov | Anti-Stalinism | 1932–1932 | ||||
| Anti-Party Group of Malenkov, Kaganovich, Molotov and Shepilov, who joined themАнтипартийная группа Маленкова, Кагановича, Молотова и примкнувшего к ним Шепилова | Georgy MalenkovLazar KaganovichVyacheslav MolotovDmitri Shepilov | Anti-KhrushchevismAnti-De-Stalinization | 1957–1957 | ||||
| Bolshevik PlatformБольшевистская платформа | Nina Andreyeva | Anti-PerestroikaNeo-StalinismAnti-liberalism | 1988–1991Succeeded by VKPB | ||||
| United Workers' FrontОбъединённый фронт трудящихся | Viktor StepanovMikhail PopovIgor Malyarov | Soviet patriotismProletarian internationalismAnti-separatism | 1989–1991Succeeded by RCWP | ||||
| Democratic PlatformДемократическая платформа | Yury AfanasyevBoris YeltsinTelman GdlyanNikolay IvanovNikolay TravkinIgor ChubaisVyacheslav ShostakovskyAlexander Minzhurenko | PerestroikaDemocratizationSocial liberalism | 1989–1991Succeeded by RPRF | ||||
| Communist Initiative MovementДвижение коммунистической инициативы | Viktor TyulkinAlbert Makashov | Foundation of the Russian Communist PartyAnti-capitalismLeft-wing nationalism | 1989–1991Succeeded by RCWP | ||||
| Marxist PlatformМарксистская платформа | Alexander BuzgalinSergey SkvortsovAlexey PrigarinAndrey KolganovAnatoly Kryuchkov | Orthodox MarxismMarxism–Leninism | 1990–1992Succeeded by RCWP, RPC and SK | ||||
| Democratic MovementДемократическое движение | Anatoly SobchakGavriil PopovVladimir LysenkoVyacheslav ShostakovskyAlexander Rutskoy | Social democracyDemocratization | 1990–1992Succeeded by NPSR | ||||
| Name | Abbr. | Leader (s) | Ideology | Political position | Years active | ||
| | Party of Left Socialist-RevolutionariesПартия левых социалистов-революционеров | Left SRsЛевые эсеры | Boris KamkovMark NatansonMaria Spiridonova | Agrarian socialismAnti-BolshevismRevolutionary socialismNarodism | Far-left | 1917–1921Clandestine since 1918 | |
| True CommunistsИстинные коммунисты | TCИК | Ivan YatsukYuri ShokkAlexander ElinShamil GubaidulinKamil Salakhutdinov | MarxismAnti-StalinismLeft communism | Far-left | 1940–1940 | ||
| | Lithuanian Activist FrontЛитовский фронт активистовLietuvių Aktyvistų Frontas | LAFЛФА | Kazys Škirpa | Lithuanian independenceNazismAnti-communismAntisemitismAnti-Polonism | Far-right | 1940–1941 | |
| | People's Socialist Party of Russia "Viking"Народная социалистическая партия России «Викинг» | NSPRНСПР | Konstantin VoskoboinikBronislav Kaminski | NazismRussian nationalismRussian collaborationismAntisemitismAnti-communism | Far-right | 1941–1943 | |
| Fighting Union of Russian Nationalists [ru] | Vladimir Gil | collaborationism | Far-right | 1942 | |||
| Russian National Labor Party [ru] | Russian nationalism collaborationism | Far-right | 1943-? | ||||
| Communist Party of YouthКоммунистическая партия молодёжи | CPMКПМ | Anatoly Zhigulin | CommunismMarxism–LeninismAnti-Stalinism | Left-wing to far-left | 1946–1949 | ||
| All-Union Democratic PartyВсесоюзная демократическая партия | VDPВДП | Alexander TarasovViktor Belkin | Anti-StalinismSocialism | Left-wing | 1948–1948 | ||
| Russian Party (USSR) [ru] | Russian nationalismEthnic nationalismAntisemitism Factions:StalinismAnti-communism | Far-right Syncretic | 1950s-1980s | ||||
| Union of Struggle for the Cause of the RevolutionСоюз борьбы за дело революции | SBDRСБДР | Boris SlutskyEvgeny GurevichVladilen Furman | Anti-StalinismRevolutionary socialism | Far-left | 1950–1951 | ||
| Baltic FederationБалтийская федерацияBaltijas federācija | BFБФ | Gunārs RodeDailis RijnieksJānis RijnieksAina ZābakaZiedonis RozenbergsViktors KalniņšUldis Ofkants | Anti-SovietismLatvian nationalismLatvian independence | Right-wing | 1957–1962 | ||
| Soviet Revolutionary Communists (Bolsheviks)Советские революционеры-коммунисты (большевики) | RC (b)РК (б) | StalinismAnti-revisionismMarxism–LeninismCommunism | Far-left | 1960-1991 | |||
| Communards Union [ru] | S. D. Khakhaev Valery Ronkin [ru] | KhruschevismAnti-BrezhnevismAnti-StalinismCommunism | Far-left | 1963-1965 | |||
| National United PartyНациональная объединённая партияԱզգային Միացյալ Կուսակցություն | NUPНОПԱՄԿ | Haykaz KhachatryanParuyr Hayrikyan | Armenian nationalismArmenian independenceNational democracyLiberalismAnti-communism | Big tent | 1966–1987Succeeded by UNSD | ||
| Free Russia PartyПартия свободной РоссииRevolutionary Workers' PartyРеволюционная рабочая партия | PSRПСРRWPРРП | Victor PestovNikolay Shaburov | Anti-communismAnti-Sovietism | 1968–1970 | |||
| Group of Revolutionary CommunismГруппа революционного коммунизма | GRKГРК | Alexander RomanovOleg SeninValentin Kirikov | MarxismSocial democracy | Left-wing | 1972–1972 | ||
| All-Russian Social-Christian Union for the Liberation of the PeopleВсероссийский социал-христианский союз освобождения народа | VSKhSONВСХСОН | Igor Ogurtsov | Anti-communismRussian nationalismSocial ChristianityThird Position | Right-wing to far-right | 1972–1972 | ||
| Socialist Party of the Soviet UnionСоциалистическая партия Советского Союза | SPSUСПСС | Alexander Ganyushkin | Democratic socialismSelf-governing socialism | Left-wing | 1972–1972/1990-1992 | ||
| Left SchoolЛевая школа | LSЛШ | Natalia MagnatOlga BarashInna Okup | Marxism–LeninismTrotskyismAtheistic existentialismNew Left | Far-left | 1972/73–1977 | ||
| Party of New CommunistsПартия новых коммунистов | PNCРНК | Alexander TarasovVasily Minorsky | Neo-communismOrthodox MarxismMarxism–LeninismRevolutionary socialismDirect democracyTrotskyismNeo-anarchismAnti-Stalinism | Far-left | 1972/73–1977 | ||
| Neo-Communist Party of the Soviet UnionНеокоммунистическая партия Советского Союза | NCPSUНКПСС | Alexander TarasovNatalia MagnatVasily MinorskyOlga BarashIgor Dukhanov | Neo-communismAtheistic existentialismCommunismGuevarismNeo-MarxismAnti-clericalismTrotskyismNew Left | Far-left | 1974–1985 | ||
| Young Socialists (Dissidents) [ru] | Boris Kagarlitsky Andrei Fadin [ru] Pavel Kudyukin [ru] | Social democracy (faction) Eurocommunism (faction) | Left-wing | 1977-1982 | |||
| Democratic UnionДемократический союз | DUДС | Valeriya Novodvorskaya | Classical liberalismNeoliberalismLaissez-faireAnti-SovietismAnti-communismAnti-fascismIndividualismAtlanticism | Centre-right | 1988–2014 | ||
| Name | Abbr. | Leader (s) | Ideology | Political position | Years active | ||
| Democratic UnionДемократический союз | DUДС | Valeriya Novodvorskaya | Classical liberalismNeoliberalismLaissez-faireAnti-SovietismAnti-communismAnti-fascismIndividualismAtlanticism | Centre-right | 1988–2014 | ||
| | Liberal Democratic Party of the Soviet UnionЛиберально-демократическая партия Советского Союза | LDPSUЛДПСС | Vladimir BogachovVladimir Zhirinovsky | Russian nationalismUltranationalismRight-wing populismMonarchismBefore 1990:LiberalismLiberal conservatism | Right-wing to far-rightBefore 1990:Centre-right | 1989–1992 | |
| | Democratic Party of RussiaДемократическая партия России | DPRДПР | Nikolay Travkin | Anti-communismCentrismLiberalism | Centre-right | 1990–1992 | |
| Socialist PartyСоциалистическая партия | SPСП | Boris KagarlitskyAnatoliy BaranovAlexander KolpakidiVladimir Kondratov | Democratic socialismSelf-governing socialism | Left-wing | 1990–1992 | ||
| Social Democratic Party of RussiaСоциал-демократическая партия России | SDPRСДПР | Pavel KudyukinOleg RumyantsevAlexander Obolensky | Social democracySocial liberalismDemocratic socialism | Centre-left | 1990–2011 | ||
| | All-Union Communist Party of BolsheviksВсесоюзная Коммунистическая партия большевиков | VKPBВКПБ | Nina Andreyeva | CommunismMarxism–LeninismBolshevismAnti-revisionismStalinism | Far-left | 1991– | |
| Name | Abbr. | Leader (s) | Ideology | Years active | ||
| | Decembrist SocietiesОбщества декабристов | DecembristsДекабристы | Sergei TrubetskoyNikita MuravyovPavel PestelSergey Muravyov-Apostoland others | Constitutional monarchismAnti-Tsarist autocracyAnti-SerfdomRepublicanism (factions) | 1816–1825 | |
| Petrashevsky CircleКружок Петрашевского | PetrashevtsyПетрашевцы | Mikhail Petrashevsky | Utopian socialismAgrarian socialism | 1844–1849 | ||
| | Land and LibertyЗемля и воля | Zemlevolists Землевольцы | Collective leadership | NarodismAgrarianismAgrarian socialism (1860–64)Anarcho-collectivism (1876–1879) | 1860–1864,1876-1879 | |
| Committee of Russian Officers in PolandКомитет русских офицеров в Польше | KROPКРОП | Vasily KaplinskiJarosław DąbrowskiAndrey PotebnyaZygmunt Padlewski | NarodismRepublicanism | 1861–1863 | ||
| Grand Propaganda SocietyБольшое общество пропаганды | TchaikovtsyЧайковцы | Nikolai TchaikovskySophia PerovskayaMark Natanson | NarodismRevolutionary socialism | 1871–1874 | ||
| BashenistsБашенцы | Grigory PopkoInnokenty VoloshenkoFedor Shcherbina | Radical NarodismRepublicanism | 1874–1877 | |||
| | Narodnaya VolyaНародная воля | NarodovolistsНародовольцы | Collective leadership | NarodismAgrarian socialismLeft-wing terrorismRevolutionary socialism | 1879–1884 | |
| Black RepartitionЧёрный передел | BRЧП | Georgi PlekhanovPavel AxelrodOsip AptekmanLeo DeutschVera Zasulich | NarodismAgrarian socialismRevolutionary socialismFederalism | 1879–1881 | ||
| Emancipation of LabourОсвобождение труда | OTОТ | Georgi PlekhanovPavel Axelrod | MarxismScientific socialism | 1883–1903merged into RSDLP | ||
| Social Revolutionary Party of People's RightСоциально-революционная партия Народного права | People's RightНародное право | Mark NatansonNikolay Tyutchev | NarodismRevolutionary democracy | 1893–1894 | ||
| League of Struggle for the Emancipation of the Working ClassСоюз борьбы за освобождение рабочего класса | SBORKСБОРК | Vladimir Ulyanov | MarxismSocial democracy | 1895–1897merged into RSDLP | ||
| Workers' Party for the Political Liberation of RussiaРабочая партия политического освобождения России | RPPORРППОР | Grigory GershuniCatherine Breshkovsky | NarodismRevolutionary socialism | 1897–1900 | ||
| Workers' BannerРабочее знамя | WBРЗ | Sergey AndropovLydia DanViktor Nogin | Social democracyAnti-Economism | 1897–1902 | ||
| Name | Abbr. | Leader (s) | Ideology | Years active | ||
| | General Jewish Labour Bund in Lithuania, Poland and RussiaВсеобщий еврейский рабочий союз в Литве, Польше и Россииאלגעמײנער יידישער ארבעטער־בונד אין ליטע, פױלן און רוסלאנד | BundБундבונד | Victor Alter | BundismSocialismJewish AutonomismNon-ZionismSecularism | 1897–1921 | |
| Russian Social Democratic Labour PartyРоссийская социал-демократическая рабочая партия | RSDLPРСДРП | Vladimir Ulyanov (Bolsheviks)Julius Martov (Mensheviks) | Marxist socialismRevolutionary socialismSocial democracy | 1898–1912 | ||
| | Socialist Revolutionary PartyПартия социалистов-революционеров | EsersЭсеры | Viktor Chernov | Agrarian socialismRevolutionary socialismDemocratic socialismFederalismNeo-Narodism | 1902–1921 | |
| Zionist Socialist Workers PartyСионистско-социалистическая рабочая партияציוניסטישע סאציאליסטישע ארבעטער פארטיי | SSССצס | Naum SyrkinBer Borochov | SocialismZionismTerritorialism | 1905–1917merged into UJSWP | ||
| Jewish Socialist Workers PartyСоциалистическая еврейская рабочая партияסאציאליסטישע יידישע ארבעטער פארטײ | SEPRСЕРПסיאפ | Chaim Zhitlowsky | SocialismNational personal autonomism | 1905/6-1917merged into UJSWP | ||
| | Labour Popular-Socialist PartyТрудовая народно-социалистическая партия | Enes'sЭнесы | Alexey PeshekhonovNikolai AnnenskyVenedikt Miakotin | Neo-NarodismPopular socialismAgrarian socialismSocial democracyLeft-wing nationalism | 1906–1921 | |
| | Jewish Social Democratic Labour Party (Poalei Zion)Еврейская социал-демократическая партия (Поалей Цион)יידישע סאציאל דעמאקראטישער ארבעטער פארטיי (פאלעי ציון) | JSDLP(PZ)ЕСДРП(ПЦ)יסדאפ (פצ) | Ber BorochovYitzhak Ben-Zvi | MarxismSocialist ZionismSocialismCentrist Marxism | 1906–1928 | |
| Union of Socialists-Revolutionaries-MaximalistsСоюз социалистов-революционеров-максималистов | MaximalistsМаксималисты | Mikhail SokolovVladimir Mazurin | Revolutionary socialismNeo-NarodismLeft-wing terrorismAnti-capitalism | 1906–1911,1917-1919 | ||
| Labour GroupТрудовая группа | TrudoviksТрудовики | Alexey AladyinAlexander Kerensky | Social democracyNeo-NarodismAgrarian socialism | 1906–1921 | ||
| | Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (Bolsheviks)Российская социал-демократическая рабочая партия (большевиков) | RSDLP(b)РСДРП(б) | Vladimir LeninGrigory Zinoviev | CommunismBolshevism | 1912–1918Successed by RCP(b) | |
| Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (Mensheviks)Российская социал-демократическая рабочая партия (меньшевиков) | RSDLP(m)РСДРП(м) | Julius MartovPavel AxelrodFyodor Dan | Social democracyDemocratic socialismMenshevism | 1912–1918 | ||
| Russian Social Democratic Labor Party (Internationalists)Российская социал-демократическая рабочая партия (интернационалистов) | MezhraiontsyМежрайонцы | Leon TrotskyMoisei UritskyAdolph JoffeV. Volodarsky | Marxist socialismProletarian internationalismBolshevism-Menshevism | 1913–1917Merged into RSDLP(b) | ||
| | Party of Left Socialist-RevolutionariesПартия левых социалистов-революционеров | Left SRsЛевые эсеры | Boris KamkovMark NatansonMaria Spiridonova | Agrarian socialismAnti-Bolshevism (since 1918)Revolutionary socialismNeo-Narodism | 1917–1921 | |
| | Russian Socialist Labour Party of InternationalistsРоссийская социалистическая рабочая партия интернационалистов | RSLPIРСРПИ | Boris AvilovVladimir BazarovViacheslav VolginNikolai Sukhanov | Marxist socialismProletarian internationalism | 1917–1920Merged into RCP(b) | |
| Party of Narodnik CommunistsПартия народников-коммунистов | PNCПНК | Grigoriy Zaks | CommunismNeo-Narodism | 1918-1918Merged into RCP(b) | ||
| Party of Revolutionary CommunismПартия революционного коммунизма | PRCПРК | Mark NatansonAlexei UstinovAndrei Kolegayev | Integral socialismNeo-Narodism | 1918–1920Merged into RCP(b) | ||
| | Jewish Communist Party (Poalei Zion)Еврейская коммунистическая партия (Поалей Цион)יידישע קאמוניסטישע פארטיי (פאאלעי ציון) | JСP(PZ)ЕКП (ПЦ)יקפ (פצ) | Central Committee | CommunismMarxismProletarian internationalismSocialist Zionism | 1919–1922Merged into RCP(b) | |
| | Union of Working PeasantsСоюз трудового крестьянства | STKСТК | Alexander AntonovPyotr Tokmakov | Anti-communismNeo-NarodismAgrarian socialismRevolutionary socialism | 1920–1921 | |
| Name | Abbr. | Leader (s) | Ideology | Years active | ||
| Progressive Economic Party of the Russian EmpireПрогрессивно-экономическая партия Российской империиCommercial and Industrial Union of the Russian EmpireТоргово-промышленный союз Российской империиCommercial and Industrial Party of the Russian EmpireТоргово-промышленная партия Российской империи | PEPПЭПTPSТПСTPPТПП | Grigory Krestovnikov | Anti-socialismBourgeoisie interests | 1905-1905 | ||
| Party of the Legal OrderПартия правового порядка | PPPППП | Anatoly Savenko | Constitutional monarchismRussian nationalism | 1905–1917 | ||
| Ittifaq al-MusliminИттифак аль-Муслиминİttifaqi-Müsliminاتفاق المسلمين | IttifaqИттифакاتفاق | Alimardan bey TopchubashovKhalil bey KhasmammadovAbdurrahim bey Hagverdiyev | Islamic liberalismJadidismConstitutional monarchism | 1905–1917 | ||
| | Constitutional Democratic PartyКонституционно-демократическая партия | KadetsКадеты | Pavel Miliukov | ConstitutionalismConstitutional monarchismLiberal democracyParliamentarismPolitical pluralismSocial liberalism | 1905–1917 | |
| Union of October 17Союз 17 октября | OctoberistsОктябристы | Alexander Guchkov | ReformismLiberal conservatismConstitutional monarchism | 1905–1917 | ||
| Union of freedom, Truth and PeaceСоюз свободы, истины и мира | UFTPССИМ | Ivan ProkhanovNikolay OdintsovPyotr Frizen | Christian democracyMennonismEvangelical ChristianityLeft BaptismConstitutional monarchism | 1905–1906 | ||
| Party of Democratic ReformПартия демократических реформ | PDRПДР | Maksim Kovalevsky | Classical liberalism | 1906–1907Merged into Progressive Party | ||
| Party of Peaceful RenovationПартия мирного обновления | PMOПМО | Pyotr HeidenNikolay Lvov | Liberal conservatismClassical liberalism | 1906–1907Merged into Progressive Party | ||
| Progressive PartyПрогрессивная партия | ProgressistsПрогрессисты | Aleksandr KonovalovIvan Yefryemov | Classical liberalismConservative liberalismConstitutional monarchism | 1907–1917 | ||
| Name | Abbr. | Leader (s) | Ideology | Years active | ||
| Russian AssemblyРусское собрание | RSРС | Dmitri GolitsynNikolai Engelhardt | Orthodoxy, Autocracy, and NationalityMonarchismConservatismRussian nationalism | 1900–1917 | ||
| Russian BrotherhoodРусское братство | RBРБ | major ProtsenkoPyotr Zhukov | Black HundredsTsarist monarchismGreat Russian nationalismNational conservatismChristian fundamentalismantisemitism | 1904–1913 | ||
| | Union of the Russian PeopleСоюз русского народа | URPСРН | Alexander DubrovinNikolai Markov | Black HundredsTsarist monarchismRussia for RussiansTriune Russian nationGreat Russian nationalismConservatismOrthodox fundamentalismRight-wing populismAnti-Ukrainian sentimentPochvennichestvoantisemitism | 1905–1917 | |
| Union of the Russian MenСоюз русских людей | URMСРЛ | Alexander ShcherbatovPavel SheremetevPyotr Sheremetev | Black HundredsTsarist monarchismGreat Russian nationalismConservatismOrthodoxy, Autocracy, and Nationalityantisemitism | 1905-1910/11 | ||
| | Russian Monarchist UnionРусский монархический союз | RMUРМС | Vladimir GringmutMihail Hutorov | Black HundredsTsarist monarchismGreat Russian nationalismConservatism | 1905–1917 | |
| United NobilityОбъединённое дворянство | ODОД | Aleksei BobrinskyAlexander NaryshkinAnaniy StrukovAlexander Samarin | Tsarist monarchismRussian nationalismNobility interests | 1906–1917 | ||
| | Union of the Archangel MichaelСоюз имени Михаила Архангела | SMAСМА | Vladimir Purishkevich | Black HundredsTsarist monarchismRussian ultranationalismNational conservatismantisemitism | 1908–1917 | |
| All-Russian National UnionВсероссийский национальный союз | VNSВНС | Pyotr BalashovVasily Shulgin | Russian nationalismTsarist monarchismNational liberalismNational conservatism | 1908–1917 | ||
| Party of Moderate RightПартия умеренно-правых | PMRПУП | Pyotr Balashov | Russian nationalismTsarist monarchismOrthodox fundamentalismAnti-liberalism | 1909–1910merged into VNS | ||
| | All-Russian Dubrovinist Union of the Russian PeopleВсероссийский дубровинский союз русского народа | ARDURPВДСРН | Alexander Dubrovin | Black HundredsAnti-Stolypin reformGreat Russian ultranationalismNational conservatismOrthodox fundamentalismAgrarianismantisemitism | 1912–1917 | |
| Domestic Patriotic UnionОтечественный патриотический союз | OPSОПС | Vasiliy OrlovVasiliy Skvortsov | Tsarist monarchismConservatismOrthodox fundamentalismAnti-socialism | 1915–1917 | ||