· Currently active parties › Parties represented in the Parliament and/or the state legislative assemblies

A The coalition contested seats in West Malaysia using the symbol of the People's Justice Party while seats in East Malaysia were contested using the symbols of the individual coalition parties. Excludes the Malaysian United Indigenous Party, which was part of the coalition in the 2018 election but subsequently left and later joined Perikatan Nasi

Coalition and Party

A The coalition contested seats in West Malaysia using the symbol of the People's Justice Party while seats in East Malaysia were contested using the symbols of the individual coalition parties. Excludes the Malaysian United Indigenous Party, which was part of the coalition in the 2018 election but subsequently left and later joined Perikatan Nasi

Coalition and Party		Abbr	Leader	Ideology	Position	Dewan Rakyat	Dewan Negara	State Assemblies	Vote share (2022)	Federal government
	Pakatan Harapan Alliance of Hope[A]	PH	Anwar Ibrahim	Progressivism Reformism Social liberalism Social democracy	Centre-left	82 / 222	14 / 70	139 / 607	37 %	Government
	Perikatan Nasional National Alliance[B]	PN	Muhyiddin Yassin	Religious nationalism National conservatism	Right-wing to far-right	74 / 222	15 / 70	210 / 607	30 %	Opposition
	Barisan Nasional National Front	BN	Ahmad Zahid Hamidi	Conservatism	Centre-right to right-wing	30 / 222	21 / 70	119 / 607	22 %	Government
	Gabungan Parti Sarawak Sarawak Parties Alliance[C]	GPS	Abang Johari	Sarawak nationalism Conservatism	Centre-right to right-wing	23 / 222	6 / 70	76 / 607	3 %	Government
	Parti Gabungan Rakyat Sabah Sabah People's Alliance Party[D]	GRS	Hajiji Noor	Sabah nationalism Conservatism	Centre-right to right-wing	6 / 222	4 / 70	42 / 607	2 %	Government
	Parti Warisan Heritage Party	Warisan	Shafie Apdal	Progressivism Multiracialism Nationalism	Centre	3 / 222	0 / 70	14 / 607	1 %	Government
	Parti Kesejahteraan Demokratik Masyarakat Social Democratic Harmony Party	KDM	Priscella Peter	Sabah regionalism		1 / 222	0 / 70	2 / 607	0 %	Government
	Parti Bangsa Malaysia Malaysian Nation Party	PBM	Larry Sng	Multiracialism		1 / 222	0 / 70	2 / 607	0 %	Government
	Malaysian United Democratic Alliance Ikatan Demokratik Malaysia[E]	MUDA	Amira Aisya Abdul Aziz (acting)	Social democracy	Centre-left	1 / 222	0 / 70	1 / 607	0 %	Opposition
A The coalition contested seats in West Malaysia using the symbol of the People's Justice Party while seats in East Malaysia were contested using the symbols of the individual coalition parties. Excludes the Malaysian United Indigenous Party, which was part of the coalition in the 2018 election but subsequently left and later joined Perikatan Nasi

· Coalitions and electoral pacts › Pakatan Harapan (PH, Alliance of Hope)

A Originally registered as Parti Demokratik Sabah (Sabah Democratic Party) in 1994, the party was renamed as United Pasokmomogun Kadazandusun Murut Organisation in 1999 and renamed further to its current name in 2019. B Originally registered as Ikatan Masyarakat Islam Malaysia (Muslim Community Union of Malaysia) in 1991, the party was reorganis

Party

A Originally registered as Parti Demokratik Sabah (Sabah Democratic Party) in 1994, the party was renamed as United Pasokmomogun Kadazandusun Murut Organisation in 1999 and renamed further to its current name in 2019. B Originally registered as Ikatan Masyarakat Islam Malaysia (Muslim Community Union of Malaysia) in 1991, the party was reorganis

Party		Abbr	Leader	Ideology	Position	Registered	International affiliation	Notes
	Democratic Action Party Parti Tindakan Demokratik	DAP	Anthony Loke Siew Fook	• Social democracy • National secularism	Centre-left	1966	Progressive Alliance
	United Progressive Kinabalu Organisation Pertubuhan Kinabalu Progresif Bersatu	UPKO	Ewon Benedick	• Sabah regionalism • Malaysian nationalism	Centre-left	1999 (1994)	N/A	[A]
	Parti Keadilan Rakyat People's Justice Party	PKR	Anwar Ibrahim	• Social liberalism • Malaysian reformism	Centre-left	2003 (1991)	N/A	[B]
	Parti Amanah Negara National Trust Party	AMANAH	Mohamad Sabu	• Islamic modernism • National progressivism	Centre-left	2015 (1978)	N/A	[C]
A Originally registered as Parti Demokratik Sabah (Sabah Democratic Party) in 1994, the party was renamed as United Pasokmomogun Kadazandusun Murut Organisation in 1999 and renamed further to its current name in 2019. B Originally registered as Ikatan Masyarakat Islam Malaysia (Muslim Community Union of Malaysia) in 1991, the party was reorganis

· Coalitions and electoral pacts › Perikatan Nasional (PN, National Alliance)

Party		Abbr	Leader	Ideology	Position	Registered	International affiliation	Notes
	Parti Islam Se-Malaysia Malaysian Islamic Party	PAS	Abdul Hadi Awang	Islamism	Far-right	1955	Muslim Brotherhood (Ikhwanul Muslimin)
	Parti Gerakan Rakyat Malaysia Malaysian People's Movement Party	GERAKAN	Dominic Lau Hoe Chai	Liberalism	Centre	1968	Liberal International (observer)
	Parti Pribumi Bersatu Malaysia Malaysian United Indigenous Party	BERSATU	Muhyiddin Yassin	Malay nationalism	Right-wing	2016	N/A
	Malaysian Indian People's Party Parti Rakyat India Malaysia	MIPP	Punithan Paramsiven	Malaysian Indians' interests	N/A	2019	N/A

· Coalitions and electoral pacts › Barisan Nasional (BN, National Front)

A Originally registered in 1946, UMNO was deregistered in 1988 and the then Prime Minister registered a new party, UMNO Baru the same year. UMNO Baru is considered a successor party to the original UMNO. The suffix Baru or New was dropped from the name in July the same year B Originally registered as the Malayan Indian Congress, the name was cha

Party

A Originally registered in 1946, UMNO was deregistered in 1988 and the then Prime Minister registered a new party, UMNO Baru the same year. UMNO Baru is considered a successor party to the original UMNO. The suffix Baru or New was dropped from the name in July the same year B Originally registered as the Malayan Indian Congress, the name was cha

Party		Abbr	Leader	Ideology	Position	Registered	International affiliation	Notes
	United Malays National Organisation Pertubuhan Kebangsaan Melayu Bersatu	UMNO	Ahmad Zahid Hamidi	• Ketuanan Melayu • National conservatism	Right-wing	1946 (1988)	N/A	A
	Malaysian Indian Congress Kongres India Malaysia	MIC	Vigneswaran Sanasee	• Malaysian Indian interest • Social conservatism	Right-wing	1946 (1963)	N/A	B
	Malaysian Chinese Association Persatuan Cina Malaysia	MCA	Wee Ka Siong	• Malaysian Chinese interest • Social conservatism	Right-wing	1949 (1963)	N/A	C
	Parti Bersatu Rakyat Sabah United Sabah People's Party	PBRS	Arthur Joseph Kurup	Sabah nationalism	Right-wing	1994	N/A
	People's Progressive Party Parti Progresif Penduduk	myPPP	Loga Bala Mohan Jaganathan	Liberal conservatism Civic nationalism	Centre-right	1953 (2023)	N/A	D
A Originally registered in 1946, UMNO was deregistered in 1988 and the then Prime Minister registered a new party, UMNO Baru the same year. UMNO Baru is considered a successor party to the original UMNO. The suffix Baru or New was dropped from the name in July the same year B Originally registered as the Malayan Indian Congress, the name was cha

· Coalitions and electoral pacts › Gerakan Tanah Air (GTA, Homeland Movement)

Party		Abbr	Leader	Ideology	Position	Registered	International affiliation	Notes
	Barisan Jemaah Islamiah Se-Malaysia Pan Malaysian Islamic Front	BERJASA	Zamani bin Ibrahim	• Islamic democracy • National conservatism	Centre-right	1977	N/A
	Parti Bumiputera Perkasa Malaysia Malaysia Mighty Bumiputera Party	PUTRA	Ibrahim Ali	• National conservatism • Malaysian reformism	Far-right	2019	N/A
	National Indian Muslim Alliance Party National Indian Muslim Alliance Party	IMAN	Mohammed Mosin Abdul Razak	• Islamic democracy • Social liberalism		2019	N/A

List of political parties in Malaysia

Tables

References