List of papal conclaves

References

1. In the early days of the College of Cardinals, a total of seven cardinal-bishop positions existed, assuming all position
2. According to the official protocol, Gregory was selected by an assembly in St. Peter that included cardinals and priests
3. The election took place on 24 May 1086. However, the newly elected Desiderius initially refused the position, only accep
4. Probably the first conclave that closely followed the 1059 rules. The group that elected Urban II was larger than that w
5. The first election under the 1059 rules for which a detailed account exists. Four cadinal-bishops along with 45 other no
6. Gelasius II was accompanied by 4 cardinal-bishops to France, where Gelasius died. The 4 cardinals elected his chosen suc
7. Following the death of Callixtus, the Pierleoni and Frangipani families fought over the papal election. The cardinals in
8. Innocent II was elected by a small group of cardinals supporting Haimeric, the cardinal instrumental in the election of
9. Anacletus was chosen by a majority of the 41 cardinals opposed to Haimeric. This marks a departure from the previous ele
10. elected "entirely consistent with the decree of 1059". Unclear if that means that only the small group of cardinal-bisho
11. elected unanimously
12. elected unanimously
13. Alexander III received a majority of votes which was opposed by at least 5 other cardinals that went on to elect Victor
14. Victor IV was chosen by a group of five cardinals loyal to the Holy Roman Emperor who objected to the election of Alexan
15. elected unanimously
16. The first conclave following the Third Lateran Council, which declared that all cardinals, not just the 6 (previously 7)
17. elected unanimously
18. elected unanimously
19. elected unanimously
20. elected unanimously
21. Innocent III died accompanied by only two other cardinals. The rest of the college tasked them with deciding on his succ
22. presumably one day
23. The 18 cardinals tasked three of them with finding a candidate, the first refused and the second was chosen, it is uncle
24. Two cardinals had been captured by Emperor Frederick II. Because the electors were locked in while voting this can be co
25. Two of the cardinals were still captured, one died during the previous conclave, the other became Celestine IV and died.
26. 11 December 1254 to 12 December 1254
27. 26 May 1261 to 29 August 1261
28. compare article
29. 12 October 1264 to 5 February 1265
30. One cardinal was in France and could not participate.
31. 1 December 1268 to 1 September 1271
32. According to Baumgartner it took only an hour.
33. The 1294 conclave is the first of which contemporary documents describing the process survive
34. elected unanimously
35. elected unanimously
36. 22 September 1362 to 28 September 1362. Clement VI's brother was elected on the first day but refused the office on heal
37. After receiving the votes of all 15 French cardinals, Gregory IX, nephew of Clement VI, was elected unanimously on the n
38. 7 April 1378 to . 6 cardinals stayed in Avignon. Among those cardinals in Rome 11 were French, 4 Italian and 1 Spanish.
39. Elected unanimously.
40. Urban VI antagonized the cardinals so much that they declared the papacy vacant and proceeded to elected a new pope in A
41. Elected unanimously.
42. Elected unanimously, excluding Benedict himself, who at first refused the throne but the acquiesced.
43. Elected unanimously.
44. Elected unanimously.
45. The Council of Constance instituted a maximum limit of 24 cardinals. Since Martin V recognized all the cardinals appoint
46. 8 November 1417 to 9 November 1417. Cardinal Colonna received 15 votes on the second ballot, one short of the required t
47. After Clements death, a single die-hard cardinal elected a successor named Benedict XIV, who died in 1447.
48. This was the last conclave until 1958 in which non-Italians were a majority of the electorate.
49. Elected by accession after the second ballot. The first ballot was held on the third day of the conclave.
50. Elected by acclamation after the first ballot.
51. The vote was unanimous, with Borgia voting for himself.
52. This represents the largest group of cardinal-electors since the creation of the papal conclave. (Baumgartner, p. 87) (I
53. 16 September 1503 – 22 September 1503
54. 10 hours, according to Baumgartner
55. The vote was unanimous, except for the future pope, who did not vote for himself.
56. 30 December 1521 to 9 January 1522, one vote per day, with the final accession vote on the same day as the 11th scrutiny
57. 1 October 1523 to 18 November 1523, the first scrutiny was held on 6 October.
58. 11 October 1534 to 13 October 1534, no voting took place on the 11th.
59. 29 November 1549 (19 days after Paull III death on 10 November) to 8 February 1550
60. Proclamation by adoration, followed by a unanimous ballot. The future Marcellus II voted for Cardinal Carafa, beginning
61. Unanimously elected by acclamation
62. Not elected unanimously but by a close ballot
63. appointed by unanimous acclamation
64. Elected by acclamation on the first day, confirmed by a unanimous ballot on the second.
65. 14 March 1605 – 1 April 1605
66. Leo XI and Cardinal Girolamo Agucchi both died, reducing the number of cardinals by two.
67. 8 May 1605 to 16 May 1605
68. 8 February 1621 to 9 February 1621
69. Gregory was elected by acclamation after the front-runner of the first and only ballot, Robert Bellarmine declined the p
70. 19 July 1623 to 6 August 1623
71. No conclave between 1667 and 1830 lasted for fewer than three weeks.
72. 30 November 1799 to 14 March 1800
73. 2 September 1823 to 28 September 1823
74. 24 February 1829 to 31 March 1829
75. 14 December 1830 to 2 February 1831. No conclave since has lasted for more than one week or taken more than 14 ballots.
76. 14 June 1846 to 16 June 1846
77. 18 February 1878 to 20 February 1878
78. 31 July 1903 to 4 August 1903
79. 31 August 1914 to 3 September 1914
80. 2 February 1922 to 6 February 1922
81. 1 March 1939 to 2 March 1939
82. 25 October 1958 to 28 October 1958
83. 19 June 1963 to 21 June 1963
84. 25 August 1978 to 26 August 1978
85. 14 October 1978 to 16 October 1978
86. 18 April 2005 to 19 April 2005
87. 12 March 2013 to 13 March 2013
88. 7 May 2025 to 8 May 2025
89. Behind locked doors: a history of the Papal elections
90. Baumgartner, Frederic J. (2003). ""I Will Observe Absolute and Perpetual Secrecy:" The Historical Background of the Rigi
91. The Conclave
92. Chambers, DS. 1978. "Papal Conclaves and Prophetic Mystery in the Sistine Chapel". Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld
93. Greeley, Andrew M. 2005. The Making of the Pope: 2005. Brown, Little. ISBN 0-316-86149-9.
94. Lyman, Eric J. (1 March 2013). "Vatican summons cardinals for conclave". USA Today. Retrieved 3 March 2013.
    https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2013/03/01/papal-conclave-date-summons/1955905/
95. "Argentine Cardinal Bergoglio elected pope, takes name Francis"
    http://cnsblog.wordpress.com/2013/03/13/argentine-cardinal-bergoglio-elected-pope-takes-name-francis-i/
96. Vatican.va
    https://www.vatican.va/content/francesco/en/events/event.dir.html/content/vaticanevents/en/2025/5/7/ingresso-giuramento-conclave.html