List of nuclear weapons tests of North Korea
Updated: 11/6/2025, 12:53:05 AM Wikipedia source
North Korea has conducted six nuclear tests, in 2006, 2009, 2013, twice in 2016, and in 2017.
Infobox
Country
North Korea
Test site
Punggye-ri Nuclear Test Site, North Korea
Period
2006–2017
Number of tests
6
Test type
underground
Max. yield
140 kt (U.S. intelligence) 160 kt (Revised estimates from Japanese Government) 250 kt (38 North and revised NORSAR estimate)
Tables
North Korea's nuclear tests series tests and detonations · Testing
(1)
(1)
Sequence
(1)
Date time (UT)
9 October 2006 01:35:27
Local time zone
KST(+9 hrs)
Location
mw- .mw- 41°17′06″N 129°06′30″E / 41.28505°N 129.1084°E / 41.28505; 129.1084 ((1))
Elevation + height
1,340 m (4,400 ft), −310 m (−1,020 ft)
Delivery
underground
Yield
0.7–2 kt
Possibly a fizzle. East Tunnel approximately 1 km NE from the entrance.
The Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources, a state-run geology research institute in Germany, estimated the yield at 2 kilotons in 2013 but has since revised to 0.7 kt.
The International Seismological Centre has a bibliography and/or authoritative data for this event.
Possibly a fizzle. East Tunnel approximately 1 km NE from the entrance.
The Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources, a state-run geology research institute in Germany, estimated the yield at 2 kilotons in 2013 but has since revised to 0.7 kt.
The International Seismological Centre has a bibliography and/or authoritative data for this event.
Sequence
Possibly a fizzle. East Tunnel approximately 1 km NE from the entrance.
The Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources, a state-run geology research institute in Germany, estimated the yield at 2 kilotons in 2013 but has since revised to 0.7 kt.
The International Seismological Centre has a bibliography and/or authoritative data for this event.
(2)
(2)
Sequence
(2)
Date time (UT)
25 May 2009 00:54:43
Local time zone
KST(+9 hrs)
Location
Punggye-ri Test Site, North Korea 41°17′29″N 129°04′54″E / 41.29142°N 129.08167°E / 41.29142; 129.08167 ((2))
Elevation + height
1,340 m (4,400 ft), −490 m (−1,610 ft)
Delivery
underground
Yield
2–5.4 kt
West Tunnel at about 1.2 km NW from the tunnel entrance.
The Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources, a state-run geology research institute in Germany, estimated the yield at 13 kt in 2013 but has since revised to 5.4 kt.
The International Seismological Centre has a bibliography and/or authoritative data for this event.
West Tunnel at about 1.2 km NW from the tunnel entrance.
The Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources, a state-run geology research institute in Germany, estimated the yield at 13 kt in 2013 but has since revised to 5.4 kt.
The International Seismological Centre has a bibliography and/or authoritative data for this event.
Sequence
West Tunnel at about 1.2 km NW from the tunnel entrance.
The Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources, a state-run geology research institute in Germany, estimated the yield at 13 kt in 2013 but has since revised to 5.4 kt.
The International Seismological Centre has a bibliography and/or authoritative data for this event.
(3)
(3)
Sequence
(3)
Date time (UT)
12 February 2013 02:57:51
Local time zone
KST(+9 hrs)
Location
Punggye-ri Test Site, North Korea 41°16′05″N 129°04′51″E / 41.26809°N 129.08076°E / 41.26809; 129.08076 ((3))
Elevation + height
1,340 m (4,400 ft), −1,000 m (−3,300 ft)
Delivery
underground
Yield
6–16 kt
Likely the test took place in the West Tunnel. South tunnel damaged by flooding in 2012.
The Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources, a state-run geology research institute in Germany, estimated the yield at 40 kilotons in 2013 but has since revised the yield as 14 kt.
The University of Science and Technology of China estimates the yield at around 12.2 kt, with a margin of error of 3.8 kt. Hence the max yield could be 16 kt for this test.
The International Seismological Centre has a bibliography and/or authoritative data for this event.
Likely the test took place in the West Tunnel. South tunnel damaged by flooding in 2012.
The Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources, a state-run geology research institute in Germany, estimated the yield at 40 kilotons in 2013 but has since revised the yield as 14 kt.
The University of Science and Technology of China estimates the yield at around 12.2 kt, with a margin of error of 3.8 kt. Hence the max yield could be 16 kt for this test.
The International Seismological Centre has a bibliography and/or authoritative data for this event.
Sequence
Likely the test took place in the West Tunnel. South tunnel damaged by flooding in 2012.
The Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources, a state-run geology research institute in Germany, estimated the yield at 40 kilotons in 2013 but has since revised the yield as 14 kt.
The University of Science and Technology of China estimates the yield at around 12.2 kt, with a margin of error of 3.8 kt. Hence the max yield could be 16 kt for this test.
The International Seismological Centre has a bibliography and/or authoritative data for this event.
(4)
(4)
Sequence
(4)
Date time (UT)
6 January 2016 01:30:01
Local time zone
PYT(+8:30 hrs)
Location
Punggye-ri Test Site, North Korea 41°18′32″N 129°02′02″E / 41.30900°N 129.03399°E / 41.30900; 129.03399 ((4))
Elevation + height
1,340 m (4,400 ft), −1,000 m (−3,300 ft)
Delivery
underground
Yield
7–16.5 kt
Claimed to be a hydrogen bomb.
Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources has originally estimated the yield as 14kt but has since revised to 10kt.
The University of Science and Technology of China estimates the yield at around 11.3 kt, with a margin of error of 4.2 kt. Hence the max yield could be 16.5 kt for this test.
The International Seismological Centre has a bibliography and/or authoritative data for this event.
Claimed to be a hydrogen bomb.
Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources has originally estimated the yield as 14kt but has since revised to 10kt.
The University of Science and Technology of China estimates the yield at around 11.3 kt, with a margin of error of 4.2 kt. Hence the max yield could be 16.5 kt for this test.
The International Seismological Centre has a bibliography and/or authoritative data for this event.
Sequence
Claimed to be a hydrogen bomb.
Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources has originally estimated the yield as 14kt but has since revised to 10kt.
The University of Science and Technology of China estimates the yield at around 11.3 kt, with a margin of error of 4.2 kt. Hence the max yield could be 16.5 kt for this test.
The International Seismological Centre has a bibliography and/or authoritative data for this event.
(5)
(5)
Sequence
(5)
Date time (UT)
9 September 2016 00:30:01
Local time zone
PYT(+8:30 hrs)
Location
Punggye-ri Test Site, North Korea 41°17′53″N 129°00′54″E / 41.298°N 129.015°E / 41.298; 129.015 ((5))
Elevation + height
1,340 m (4,400 ft), −1,000 m (−3,300 ft)
Delivery
underground
Yield
15–25 kt
North Korea announced that this is a successful test of a warhead that can be mounted onto a rocket.
Siegfried S. Hecker, former director of the Los Alamos National Laboratory, estimated yield at 15 to 25 kt.
Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources has initially estimated the yield as 25 kt.
The University of Science and Technology of China estimates the yield at around 17.8 kt, with a margin of error of 5.9 kt.
The International Seismological Centre will have authoritative data for this event in due course.
North Korea announced that this is a successful test of a warhead that can be mounted onto a rocket.
Siegfried S. Hecker, former director of the Los Alamos National Laboratory, estimated yield at 15 to 25 kt.
Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources has initially estimated the yield as 25 kt.
The University of Science and Technology of China estimates the yield at around 17.8 kt, with a margin of error of 5.9 kt.
The International Seismological Centre will have authoritative data for this event in due course.
Sequence
North Korea announced that this is a successful test of a warhead that can be mounted onto a rocket.
Siegfried S. Hecker, former director of the Los Alamos National Laboratory, estimated yield at 15 to 25 kt.
Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources has initially estimated the yield as 25 kt.
The University of Science and Technology of China estimates the yield at around 17.8 kt, with a margin of error of 5.9 kt.
The International Seismological Centre will have authoritative data for this event in due course.
(6)
(6)
Sequence
(6)
Date time (UT)
3 September 2017 03:30:01.940
Local time zone
PYT(+8:30 hrs)
Location
Punggye-ri Test Site, North Korea 41°20′35″N 129°02′10″E / 41.343°N 129.036°E / 41.343; 129.036 ((2))
Elevation + height
1,340 m (4,400 ft), 0 m (0 ft)
Delivery
underground
Yield
70–280 kt
Claimed to be a hydrogen bomb (but may only be a boosted fission weapon rather than an actual staged Teller–Ulam thermonuclear weapon).
On 3 September, South Korea’s weather agency, the Korea Meteorological Administration, estimated that the nuclear weapons blast yield of the presumed test was between 50 and 60 kilotons based on a magnitude 5.6 detection.
South Korean Government's initial yield estimate is 100 kt, and it detected a 5.7 magnitude earthquake.
NORSAR Seismology Center initial estimate is 120 kt, based on a magnitude 5.8 tremor. On 12 Sept 2017, this was revised to an estimate of 250 kt based on a magnitude 6.1 instead.
The German Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources estimate is "a few hundred kt", based on a 6.1 detected tremor. The Japan Meteorological Agency also detected a 6.1 magnitude tremor.
from USGS: "[Magnitude] 6.3 Explosion ... Possible explosion, located near the site where North Korea has detonated nuclear explosions in the past. If this event was an explosion, the USGS National Earthquake Information Center cannot determine its type, whether nuclear or any other possible type." Depth and lat/lon location approximate.
The China Earthquake Administration also detected a 6.3 magnitude earthquake.
The University of Science and Technology of China estimated the yield at 108.1 ± 48.1 kt.
The Geophysical Service of the Russian Academy of Sciences registered a 6.4 magnitude earthquake.
The Lamont–Doherty Earth Observatory estimated 250 kilotons.
Japanese Government: 160 kt.
U.S. Intelligence/Air Force Technical Applications Center: 70 to 280 kilotons. Earlier U.S. Intelligence had given an estimate of 140 kt with unspecified margin of error.
Indian Space Research Organization analysis of satellite synthetic-aperture radar data found that explosion was at a depth of 542 ± 30 metres and the yield was 245–271 kt.
The International Seismological Centre will have authoritative data for this event in due course.
Claimed to be a hydrogen bomb (but may only be a boosted fission weapon rather than an actual staged Teller–Ulam thermonuclear weapon).
On 3 September, South Korea’s weather agency, the Korea Meteorological Administration, estimated that the nuclear weapons blast yield of the presumed test was between 50 and 60 kilotons based on a magnitude 5.6 detection.
South Korean Government's initial yield estimate is 100 kt, and it detected a 5.7 magnitude earthquake.
NORSAR Seismology Center initial estimate is 120 kt, based on a magnitude 5.8 tremor. On 12 Sept 2017, this was revised to an estimate of 250 kt based on a magnitude 6.1 instead.
The German Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources estimate is "a few hundred kt", based on a 6.1 detected tremor. The Japan Meteorological Agency also detected a 6.1 magnitude tremor.
from USGS: "[Magnitude] 6.3 Explosion ... Possible explosion, located near the site where North Korea has detonated nuclear explosions in the past. If this event was an explosion, the USGS National Earthquake Information Center cannot determine its type, whether nuclear or any other possible type." Depth and lat/lon location approximate.
The China Earthquake Administration also detected a 6.3 magnitude earthquake.
The University of Science and Technology of China estimated the yield at 108.1 ± 48.1 kt.
The Geophysical Service of the Russian Academy of Sciences registered a 6.4 magnitude earthquake.
The Lamont–Doherty Earth Observatory estimated 250 kilotons.
Japanese Government: 160 kt.
U.S. Intelligence/Air Force Technical Applications Center: 70 to 280 kilotons. Earlier U.S. Intelligence had given an estimate of 140 kt with unspecified margin of error.
Indian Space Research Organization analysis of satellite synthetic-aperture radar data found that explosion was at a depth of 542 ± 30 metres and the yield was 245–271 kt.
The International Seismological Centre will have authoritative data for this event in due course.
Sequence
Claimed to be a hydrogen bomb (but may only be a boosted fission weapon rather than an actual staged Teller–Ulam thermonuclear weapon).
On 3 September, South Korea’s weather agency, the Korea Meteorological Administration, estimated that the nuclear weapons blast yield of the presumed test was between 50 and 60 kilotons based on a magnitude 5.6 detection.
South Korean Government's initial yield estimate is 100 kt, and it detected a 5.7 magnitude earthquake.
NORSAR Seismology Center initial estimate is 120 kt, based on a magnitude 5.8 tremor. On 12 Sept 2017, this was revised to an estimate of 250 kt based on a magnitude 6.1 instead.
The German Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources estimate is "a few hundred kt", based on a 6.1 detected tremor. The Japan Meteorological Agency also detected a 6.1 magnitude tremor.
from USGS: "[Magnitude] 6.3 Explosion ... Possible explosion, located near the site where North Korea has detonated nuclear explosions in the past. If this event was an explosion, the USGS National Earthquake Information Center cannot determine its type, whether nuclear or any other possible type." Depth and lat/lon location approximate.
The China Earthquake Administration also detected a 6.3 magnitude earthquake.
The University of Science and Technology of China estimated the yield at 108.1 ± 48.1 kt.
The Geophysical Service of the Russian Academy of Sciences registered a 6.4 magnitude earthquake.
The Lamont–Doherty Earth Observatory estimated 250 kilotons.
Japanese Government: 160 kt.
U.S. Intelligence/Air Force Technical Applications Center: 70 to 280 kilotons. Earlier U.S. Intelligence had given an estimate of 140 kt with unspecified margin of error.
Indian Space Research Organization analysis of satellite synthetic-aperture radar data found that explosion was at a depth of 542 ± 30 metres and the yield was 245–271 kt.
The International Seismological Centre will have authoritative data for this event in due course.
| Sequence | Date time (UT) | Local time zone | Location | Elevation + height | Delivery | Yield | Fallout | References |
| (1) | 9 October 2006 01:35:27 | KST(+9 hrs) | mw- 41°17′06″N 129°06′30″E / 41.28505°N 129.1084°E / 41.28505; 129.1084 ((1)) | 1,340 m (4,400 ft), −310 m (−1,020 ft) | underground | 0.7–2 kt | ||
| Possibly a fizzle. East Tunnel approximately 1 km NE from the entrance. The Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources, a state-run geology research institute in Germany, estimated the yield at 2 kilotons in 2013 but has since revised to 0.7 kt. The International Seismological Centre has a bibliography and/or authoritative data for this event. | ||||||||
| (2) | 25 May 2009 00:54:43 | KST(+9 hrs) | Punggye-ri Test Site, North Korea 41°17′29″N 129°04′54″E / 41.29142°N 129.08167°E / 41.29142; 129.08167 ((2)) | 1,340 m (4,400 ft), −490 m (−1,610 ft) | underground | 2–5.4 kt | ||
| West Tunnel at about 1.2 km NW from the tunnel entrance. The Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources, a state-run geology research institute in Germany, estimated the yield at 13 kt in 2013 but has since revised to 5.4 kt. The International Seismological Centre has a bibliography and/or authoritative data for this event. | ||||||||
| (3) | 12 February 2013 02:57:51 | KST(+9 hrs) | Punggye-ri Test Site, North Korea 41°16′05″N 129°04′51″E / 41.26809°N 129.08076°E / 41.26809; 129.08076 ((3)) | 1,340 m (4,400 ft), −1,000 m (−3,300 ft) | underground | 6–16 kt | ||
| Likely the test took place in the West Tunnel. South tunnel damaged by flooding in 2012. The Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources, a state-run geology research institute in Germany, estimated the yield at 40 kilotons in 2013 but has since revised the yield as 14 kt. The University of Science and Technology of China estimates the yield at around 12.2 kt, with a margin of error of 3.8 kt. Hence the max yield could be 16 kt for this test. The International Seismological Centre has a bibliography and/or authoritative data for this event. | ||||||||
| (4) | 6 January 2016 01:30:01 | PYT(+8:30 hrs) | Punggye-ri Test Site, North Korea 41°18′32″N 129°02′02″E / 41.30900°N 129.03399°E / 41.30900; 129.03399 ((4)) | 1,340 m (4,400 ft), −1,000 m (−3,300 ft) | underground | 7–16.5 kt | ||
| Claimed to be a hydrogen bomb. Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources has originally estimated the yield as 14kt but has since revised to 10kt. The University of Science and Technology of China estimates the yield at around 11.3 kt, with a margin of error of 4.2 kt. Hence the max yield could be 16.5 kt for this test. The International Seismological Centre has a bibliography and/or authoritative data for this event. | ||||||||
| (5) | 9 September 2016 00:30:01 | PYT(+8:30 hrs) | Punggye-ri Test Site, North Korea 41°17′53″N 129°00′54″E / 41.298°N 129.015°E / 41.298; 129.015 ((5)) | 1,340 m (4,400 ft), −1,000 m (−3,300 ft) | underground | 15–25 kt | ||
| North Korea announced that this is a successful test of a warhead that can be mounted onto a rocket. Siegfried S. Hecker, former director of the Los Alamos National Laboratory, estimated yield at 15 to 25 kt. Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources has initially estimated the yield as 25 kt. The University of Science and Technology of China estimates the yield at around 17.8 kt, with a margin of error of 5.9 kt. The International Seismological Centre will have authoritative data for this event in due course. | ||||||||
| (6) | 3 September 2017 03:30:01.940 | PYT(+8:30 hrs) | Punggye-ri Test Site, North Korea 41°20′35″N 129°02′10″E / 41.343°N 129.036°E / 41.343; 129.036 ((2)) | 1,340 m (4,400 ft), 0 m (0 ft) | underground | 70–280 kt | ||
| Claimed to be a hydrogen bomb (but may only be a boosted fission weapon rather than an actual staged Teller–Ulam thermonuclear weapon). On 3 September, South Korea’s weather agency, the Korea Meteorological Administration, estimated that the nuclear weapons blast yield of the presumed test was between 50 and 60 kilotons based on a magnitude 5.6 detection. South Korean Government's initial yield estimate is 100 kt, and it detected a 5.7 magnitude earthquake. NORSAR Seismology Center initial estimate is 120 kt, based on a magnitude 5.8 tremor. On 12 Sept 2017, this was revised to an estimate of 250 kt based on a magnitude 6.1 instead. The German Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources estimate is "a few hundred kt", based on a 6.1 detected tremor. The Japan Meteorological Agency also detected a 6.1 magnitude tremor. from USGS: "[Magnitude] 6.3 Explosion ... Possible explosion, located near the site where North Korea has detonated nuclear explosions in the past. If this event was an explosion, the USGS National Earthquake Information Center cannot determine its type, whether nuclear or any other possible type." Depth and lat/lon location approximate. The China Earthquake Administration also detected a 6.3 magnitude earthquake. The University of Science and Technology of China estimated the yield at 108.1 ± 48.1 kt. The Geophysical Service of the Russian Academy of Sciences registered a 6.4 magnitude earthquake. The Lamont–Doherty Earth Observatory estimated 250 kilotons. Japanese Government: 160 kt. U.S. Intelligence/Air Force Technical Applications Center: 70 to 280 kilotons. Earlier U.S. Intelligence had given an estimate of 140 kt with unspecified margin of error. Indian Space Research Organization analysis of satellite synthetic-aperture radar data found that explosion was at a depth of 542 ± 30 metres and the yield was 245–271 kt. The International Seismological Centre will have authoritative data for this event in due course. | ||||||||
North Korea's nuclear testing series summary · Summary
nuclear tests
nuclear tests
Series or years
nuclear tests
Years covered
2006–2017
Tests
6
Devices fired
6
Yield range (kilotons)
0.7–250
Total yield (kilotons)
197.8
Totals
Totals
Series or years
Totals
Years covered
2006-Oct-9 to 2017-Sep-3
Tests
6
Devices fired
6
Yield range (kilotons)
0.7–250
Total yield (kilotons)
197.8 (Based on average yield from lower to upper estimates as the Government of DPRK does not announce the exact yield.)
Notes
Total country yield is 0.036% of all nuclear testing.
| Series or years | Years covered | Tests | Devices fired | Devices with unknown yield | Peaceful use tests | Non-PTBT tests | Yield range (kilotons) | Total yield (kilotons) | Notes |
| nuclear tests | 2006–2017 | 6 | 6 | 0.7–250 | 197.8 | ||||
| Totals | 2006-Oct-9 to 2017-Sep-3 | 6 | 6 | 0.7–250 | Based on average yield from lower to upper estimates as the Government of DPRK does not announce the exact yield.) | Total country yield is 0.036% of all nuclear testing. |
References
- To convert the UT time into standard local, add the number of hours in parentheses to the UT time; for local daylight sa
- Estimated energy yield in tons, kilotons, and megatons. A ton of TNT equivalent is defined as 4.184 gigajoules (1 gigaca
- Radioactive emission to the atmosphere aside from prompt neutrons, where known. The measured species is only iodine-131
- Location from seismic data, about 6.4 km west northwest Punggye-ri and locus of previous tests.
- Includes all tests with potential for nuclear fission or fusion explosion, including combat use, singleton tests, salvo
- Number of tests which would have been in violation of the Partial Test Ban Treaty of 1963, such as atmospheric, space or
- "Small" refers to a value greater than zero but less than 0.5 kt.
- Some yields are described like "< 20 kt"; such are scored at one half of the numeric amount, i.e., yield of 10k in this
- Panda, Ankit (6 September 2017). "US Intelligence: North Korea's Sixth Test Was a 140 Kiloton 'Advanced Nuclear' Device"
- The Japan Timeshttps://web.archive.org/web/20170906124903/https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2017/09/06/national/north-korean-nuke-test-put-160-kilotons-ishiba-urges-debate-deploying-u-s-atomic-bombs/
- "North Korea's Punggye-ri Nuclear Test Site: Satellite Imagery Shows Post-Test Effects and New Activity in Alternate Tunnel Portal Areas | 38 North: Informed Analysis of North Korea"http://www.38north.org/2017/09/punggye091217/
- "The nuclear explosion in North Korea on 3 September 2017: A revised magnitude assessment"https://archive.today/20170913180851/https://www.norsar.no/press/latest-press-release/archive/the-nuclear-explosion-in-north-korea-on-3-september-2017-a-revised-magnitude-assessment-article1548-984.html
- "Search Results"https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/map/#%7B%22autoUpdate%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22basemap%22%3A%22grayscale%22%2C%22feed%22%3A%221506213235065%22%2C%22listFormat%22%3A%22default%22%2C%22mapposition%22%3A%5B%5B41.258194471326796%2C128.96249771118164%5D%2C%5B41.352329864032406%2C129.14892196655273%5D%5D%2C%22overlays%22%3A%5B%22plates%22%5D%2C%22restrictListToMap%22%3A%5B%22restrictListToMap%22%5D%2C%22search%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A%221506213235065%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22Search%20Results%22%2C%22isSearch%22%3Atrue%2C%22params%22%3A%7B%22starttime%22%3A%221900-01-01%2000%3A00%3A00%22%2C%22endtime%22%3A%222017-09-23%2023%3A59%3A59%22%2C%22maxlatitude%22%3A43%2C%22minlatitude%22%3A37.5%2C%22maxlongitude%22%3A131%2C%22minlongitude%22%3A124%2C%22minmagnitude%22%3A1%2C%22orderby%22%3A%22time-asc%22%7D%7D%2C%22sort%22%3A%22oldest%22%2C%22timezone%22%3A%22utc%22%2C%22viewModes%22%3A%5B%22list%22%2C%22map%22%5D%2C%22event%22%3Anull%7D
- "North Korea's Punggye-ri Nuclear Test Site: Analysis Reveals Its Potential for Additional Testing with Significantly Higher Yields"https://www.38north.org/2017/03/punggye031017/
- "Time Zone Database"http://www.ietf.org/timezones/
- "Magnitude 4.7–North Korea"https://web.archive.org/web/20140427050803/http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eqinthenews/2006/ustqab/
- Nordkorea: BGR registriert vermutlichen Kernwaffentest – BGR (In German), 12 Feb 2013http://www.bgr.bund.de/DE/Gemeinsames/Oeffentlichkeitsarbeit/Pressemitteilungen/BGR/bgr-130212_Kernwaffentest-Nordkorea.html
- Nordkorea: BGR registriert vermutlichen Kernwaffentest – BGR, 6 Jan 2016http://www.bgr.bund.de/DE/Gemeinsames/Oeffentlichkeitsarbeit/Pressemitteilungen/BGR/bgr-160106_nordkorea_BGR_kernwaffentest.html?nn=1542132
- "Second nuclear test conducted by North Korea on 25 May 2009"https://web.archive.org/web/20090530033729/http://www.armscontrolwonk.com/file_download/177/Kalinowski.pdf
- "Magnitude 4.7–North Korea"https://web.archive.org/web/20090528075047/http://earthquake.usgs.gov/eqcenter/recenteqsww/Quakes/us2009hbaf.php
- "North Korea Conducts Nuclear Test"https://www.armscontrol.org/act/2013_03/North-Korea-Conducts-Nuclear-Test
- "Chinese underground nuclear test North Korea reached an unprecedented precision measurement"https://web.archive.org/web/20131021114212/http://www.51jiwo.com/military/4350.html
- The Guardianhttps://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/jan/06/north-korean-nuclear-test-suspected-as-artificial-earthquake-detected
- The Diplomathttps://thediplomat.com/2016/01/north-korea-tests-nuclear-device-claims-successful-thermonuclear-detonation/
- Nordkorea: BGR registriert vermutlichen Kernwaffentest – BGR (In German), 9 Sep 2016http://www.bgr.bund.de/DE/Gemeinsames/Oeffentlichkeitsarbeit/Pressemitteilungen/BGR/bgr-160909_nordkorea_BGR_kernwaffentest.html?nn=1542132
- "North Korea's January 6 2016 Nuclear Test Location and Yield: Seismic Results from USTC"https://web.archive.org/web/20170510093826/http://seis.ustc.edu.cn/en/201609/t20160909_253324.html
- "M5.3 Explosion – 19km ENE of Sungjibaegam, North Korea"https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us10006n8a#executive
- The Guardianhttps://www.theguardian.com/world/live/2016/sep/09/north-korea-nuclear-test-suspected-after-huge-seismic-explosion-detected-live
- North Korea conducts fifth and largest nuclear test – South Korea and Japan – Reuters, Sep 9, 2016 5:39am British Standahttps://web.archive.org/web/20160909130705/http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-northkorea-nuclear-idUKKCN11F02D
- The Latest: N. Korea Confirms 'Successful' Nuclear Test – Associated Press, 2016 Sep 9, 12:52 AM EDThttp://hosted.ap.org/dynamic/stories/A/AS_KOREAS_TENSIONS_THE_LATEST?SITE=AP&SECTION=HOME&TEMPLATE=DEFAULT
- Los Angeles Timeshttp://www.latimes.com/world/la-fg-north-korea-nuclear-bomb-20170809-story.html
- "North Korea's September 9 2016 Nuclear Test Location and Yield: Seismic Results from USTC"https://web.archive.org/web/20160919072026/http://seis.ustc.edu.cn/en/201609/t20160909_253323.html
- Washington Posthttps://www.washingtonpost.com/world/north-korea-nuclear-test-maybe-have-been-twice-as-strong-as-first-thought/2017/09/13/19b026d8-985b-11e7-a527-3573bd073e02_story.html
- "M 6.3 Explosion - 22km ENE of Sungjibaegam, North Korea"https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us2000aert#executive
- "N. Korea's apparent sixth nuke test estimated to have yield of 100 kilotons: lawmaker"http://english.yonhapnews.co.kr/news/2017/09/03/0200000000AEN20170903002700315.html
- "Large nuclear test in North Korea on 3 September 2017"https://web.archive.org/web/20170904030147/https://www.norsar.no/press/latest-press-release/archive/large-nuclear-test-in-north-korea-on-3-september-2017-article1534-984.html
- "BGR registers a presumed nuclear test in North Korea"https://translate.google.com/translate?depth=1&nv=1&rurl=translate.google.com.hk&sl=auto&sp=nmt4&tl=en&u=http://www.seismologie.bgr.de/sdac/erdbeben/kernexplosion/nkorea_20170903_deu.html
- "Seismic Detective Weighs In on North Korea's Latest Nuclear Test"http://www.popularmechanics.com/military/weapons/news/a28057/north-korea-nuclear-test-expert/
- New York Timeshttps://www.nytimes.com/2017/09/03/world/asia/north-korea-hydrogen-bomb.html
- Guardianhttps://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/sep/03/north-korea-nuclear-test-what-we-know-so-far
- New York Daily Newshttp://www.nydailynews.com/newswires/news/business/latest-eu-calls-u-n-adopt-nk-sanctions-article-1.3465302
- ABChttp://www.abc2news.com/news/national/north-korea-tests-most-powerful-nuclear-bomb-yet?page=2
- Reutershttps://www.reuters.com/article/us-northkorea-missiles-quake-china/china-earthquake-administration-detects-suspected-explosion-in-north-korea-idUSKCN1BE048
- Lianxing Wen's Geographyhttps://web.archive.org/web/20170904112205/http://seis.ustc.edu.cn/_s223/2017/0904/c10084a191096/page.psp
- TASShttp://tass.com/world/963356
- Geophysical Journal Internationalhttps://academic.oup.com/gji/article-abstract/220/1/345/5584343