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List of multilingual presidents of the United States

Updated: Wikipedia source

List of multilingual presidents of the United States

Of the 45 persons who have served as president of the United States, at least half have displayed proficiency in speaking or writing a language other than English. Of these, only one, Martin Van Buren, learned English as his second language; his first language was Dutch. Four of the earliest presidents were multilingual, with John Quincy Adams and Thomas Jefferson demonstrating proficiency in a number of foreign languages. James A. Garfield and his successor Chester A. Arthur knew Ancient Greek and Latin, but it was Garfield's ambidexterity that would lead to rumors that he could write both at the same time. Both Theodore and Franklin D. Roosevelt spoke French, and Woodrow Wilson and Franklin D. Roosevelt spoke German. As for Asian languages, James Madison studied Hebrew, Herbert Hoover spoke some Mandarin Chinese, while Barack Obama spoke Indonesian fluently as a child.

Tables

· Table
2
2
President
2
President
John Adams
French
Fluent
Latin
Fluent
3
3
President
3
President
Thomas Jefferson
Dutch
Partial
French
Fluent
German
Partial
Ancient Greek
Reading only
Italian
Fluent
Latin
Fluent
Spanish
Reading only
Other languages
Partial – several, including Old English
4
4
President
4
President
James Madison
French
Fluent
Ancient Greek
Fluent
Italian
Fluent
Latin
Fluent
Other languages
Fluent – Hebrew
5
5
President
5
President
James Monroe
French
Fluent
6
6
President
6
President
John Quincy Adams
Dutch
Partial
French
Fluent
German
Fluent
Ancient Greek
Partial
Italian
Partial
Latin
Fluent
Spanish
Partial
Other languages
Partial – Russian
8
8
President
8
President
Martin Van Buren
Dutch
Native
Latin
Partial
Other languages
Fluent – English (second language)
9
9
President
9
President
William Henry Harrison
French
Partial
Latin
Fluent
10
10
President
10
President
John Tyler
Ancient Greek
Fluent
Latin
Fluent
11
11
President
11
President
James K. Polk
Ancient Greek
Fluent
Latin
Fluent
15
15
President
15
President
James Buchanan
Ancient Greek
Fluent
Latin
Fluent
19
19
President
19
President
Rutherford B. Hayes
Ancient Greek
Fluent
Latin
Fluent
20
20
President
20
President
James A. Garfield
German
Partial
Ancient Greek
Fluent
Latin
Fluent
Other languages
Partial - Hebrew
21
21
President
21
President
Chester A. Arthur
Ancient Greek
Fluent
Latin
Fluent
26
26
President
26
President
Theodore Roosevelt
French
Fluent
German
Fluent
Ancient Greek
Partial
Italian
Partial
Latin
Partial
28
28
President
28
President
Woodrow Wilson
German
Partial
31
31
President
31
President
Herbert Hoover
Latin
Fluent
Other languages
Partial – Mandarin Chinese
32
32
President
32
President
Franklin D. Roosevelt
French
Fluent
German
Partial
Latin
Partial
39
39
President
39
President
Jimmy Carter
Spanish
Partial
42
42
President
42
President
Bill Clinton
German
Partial
43
43
President
43
President
George W. Bush
Spanish
Partial
44
44
President
44
President
Barack Obama
Other languages
Partial – Indonesian
President
Dutch
French
German
Ancient Greek
Italian
Latin
Spanish
Other languages
2
John Adams
Fluent
Fluent
3
Thomas Jefferson
Partial
Fluent
Partial
Reading only
Fluent
Fluent
Reading only
Partial – several, including Old English
4
James Madison
Fluent
Fluent
Fluent
Fluent
Fluent – Hebrew
5
James Monroe
Fluent
6
John Quincy Adams
Partial
Fluent
Fluent
Partial
Partial
Fluent
Partial
Partial – Russian
8
Martin Van Buren
Native
Partial
Fluent – English (second language)
9
William Henry Harrison
Partial
Fluent
10
John Tyler
Fluent
Fluent
11
James K. Polk
Fluent
Fluent
15
James Buchanan
Fluent
Fluent
19
Rutherford B. Hayes
Fluent
Fluent
20
James A. Garfield
Partial
Fluent
Fluent
Partial - Hebrew
21
Chester A. Arthur
Fluent
Fluent
26
Theodore Roosevelt
Fluent
Fluent
Partial
Partial
Partial
28
Woodrow Wilson
Partial
31
Herbert Hoover
Fluent
Partial – Mandarin Chinese
32
Franklin D. Roosevelt
Fluent
Partial
Partial
39
Jimmy Carter
Partial
42
Bill Clinton
Partial
43
George W. Bush
Partial
44
Barack Obama
Partial – Indonesian

References

  1. As of 2025[update]. While there have been 47 presidencies, only 45 individuals have served as president as Grover Clevel
    https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_multilingual_presidents_of_the_United_States&action=edit
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  3. McLeod (1976), 23.
  4. McCullough (2001), 321.
  5. Thomas Jefferson's Monticello | Thomas Jefferson Encyclopedia
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  6. Thomas Jefferson's Monticello | Thomas Jefferson Encyclopedia
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  7. Library of Congress Research Guides
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  8. The German Way
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  9. the low countries
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  10. Thomas Jefferson's Monticello | Thomas Jefferson Encyclopedia
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  11. Thomas Jefferson's Monticello | Thomas Jefferson Encyclopedia
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  15. James Monroe: The Quest for National Identity
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  16. UMW Magazine
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  17. Adams (1874), 229
  18. Adams (1874), 176.
  19. Adams National Historic Park
    https://www.nps.gov/adam/jqa-bio-page-2.htm
  20. Adams (1874), 177.
  21. Adams (1874), 380.
  22. Remini 1977, p. 6.
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  24. Holland (1836), 15.
  25. Owens (2007), 14.
  26. May and Wilentz (2008), 13.
  27. Mayo (2006), 11.
  28. Behrman (2005), 18.
  29. Baker (2004), 12.
  30. Trefousse (2002), 5.
  31. "James Abram Garfield"
    http://www.potus.com/jagarfield.html
  32. "Life Portrait of James Garfield"
    https://www.c-span.org/video/?151093-1/life-portrait-james-garfield
  33. National Park Service
    https://www.nps.gov/articles/000/the-fine-times-of-james-a-garfield-s-education-part-ii.htm
  34. Reeves (1975), 21.
  35. New York Times (1898), IMS10. 31 October 2025
  36. New York Times (1909), 2. 31 October 2025
  37. Lion in the White House: A Life of Theodore Roosevelt
  38. Wagenknecht (2008), 39.
  39. Theodore Roosevelt
  40. Naval War College Review
    http://www.accessmylibrary.com/article-1G1-88174230/matter-extreme-urgency-theodore.html
  41. Wagenknecht (2008), 38.
  42. PBS
    https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/tr-early/
  43. Pestritto (2005), 34.
  44. The New York Times
    https://www.nytimes.com/2008/08/11/opinion/11iht-edkelly.1.15175920.html
  45. Lewiston Evening News (1933), 5.
  46. "Herbert Hoover and China"
    http://wais.stanford.edu/HooverInstitute/hooverinstit_herberthooverandchina112101.html
  47. Memoirs, vol. 1
  48. Herbert Hoover
    https://books.google.com/books?id=QrBeocgL5gIC&pg=PA35
  49. Harper (1996), 14.
  50. Coker (2005), 4.
  51. Harper (1996), 17.
  52. Coker (2005), 6.
  53. Freedman (1992), 9.
  54. www.presidency.ucsb.edu
    https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/address-quebec-canada
  55. Language Log
    http://itre.cis.upenn.edu/~myl/languagelog/archives/004699.html
  56. Carter (2004), 35.
  57. Associated Press (1976), 46.
  58. McBride (1978), 1.
  59. The New York Times
    https://www.nytimes.com/1979/02/18/archives/washington-carters-mexican-mission.html
  60. The Washington Post (2002), 2.
  61. The Guardian
    https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/sep/11/president-jimmy-carter-interview
  62. Clinton (2005), 76.
  63. Maraniss (1996), 99.
  64. Clinton (2005), 609.
  65. @clintonlibrary42
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1H8sh7Hrz4U
  66. Whitehouse.gov
    https://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2001/05/images/20010505.html
  67. Gormley (2000), 113.
  68. Seattle Post-Intelligencer
    http://www.seattlepi.com/national/span27.shtml
  69. www.cbsnews.com
    https://www.cbsnews.com/news/mr-bushs-spanish-fluency/
  70. "Language Log » Obama's Indonesian redux"
    https://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?p=1025
  71. "Language Log » Obama's Indonesian pleasantries: the video"
    https://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?p=1052
  72. Wawancara Eksklusif RCTI dengan Barack Obama [Part 2]
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JYIK9QtNu3w
  73. CBS News
    https://www.cbsnews.com/news/obama-i-dont-speak-a-foreign-language-its-embarrassing/
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