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List of missions to Mars

Updated: Wikipedia source

List of missions to Mars

This is a list of spacecraft missions (including unsuccessful ones) to the planet Mars, such as orbiters, landers, and rovers. Mission time is often measured in Mars sols, solar days on Mars.

Tables

· Missions
1
1
Mission
1
Mission
1M No
Launch date
10 October 1960
Operator
OKB-1
Carrier rocket
Molniya
Spacecraft
1M No
Mission type
Flyby
Outcome
Launch failure
Failed to achieve Earth orbit.
Failed to achieve Earth orbit.
Mission
Failed to achieve Earth orbit.
2
2
Mission
2
Mission
1M No
Launch date
14 October 1960
Operator
OKB-1
Carrier rocket
Molniya
Spacecraft
1M No
Mission type
Flyby
Outcome
Launch failure
Failed to achieve Earth orbit.
Failed to achieve Earth orbit.
Mission
Failed to achieve Earth orbit.
3
3
Mission
3
Mission
2MV-4 No
Launch date
24 October 1962
Operator
Soviet Union
Carrier rocket
Molniya
Spacecraft
2MV-4 No
Mission type
Flyby
Outcome
Launch failure
Booster stage ("Block L") disintegrated in LEO.
Booster stage ("Block L") disintegrated in LEO.
Mission
Booster stage ("Block L") disintegrated in LEO.
4
4
Mission
4
Mission
Mars 1
Launch date
1 November 1962
Operator
Soviet Union
Carrier rocket
Molniya
Spacecraft
2MV-4 No
Mission type
Flyby
Outcome
Spacecraft failure
Communications lost before first flyby.
Communications lost before first flyby.
Mission
Communications lost before first flyby.
5
5
Mission
5
Mission
2MV-3 No
Launch date
4 November 1962
Operator
Soviet Union
Carrier rocket
Molniya
Spacecraft
2MV-3 No
Mission type
Lander
Outcome
Launch failure
Never left Low Earth orbit.
Never left Low Earth orbit.
Mission
Never left Low Earth orbit.
6
6
Mission
6
Mission
Mariner 3
Launch date
5 November 1964
Operator
NASA
Carrier rocket
Atlas LV-3 Agena-D
Spacecraft
Mariner 3
Mission type
Flyby
Outcome
Launch failure
Payload fairing failed to separate.
Payload fairing failed to separate.
Mission
Payload fairing failed to separate.
7
7
Mission
7
Mission
Mariner 4
Launch date
28 November 1964
Operator
NASA
Carrier rocket
Atlas LV-3 Agena-D
Spacecraft
Mariner 4
Mission type
Flyby
Outcome
Success
First successful flyby of Mars on 15 July 1965.
First successful flyby of Mars on 15 July 1965.
Mission
First successful flyby of Mars on 15 July 1965.
8
8
Mission
8
Mission
Zond 2
Launch date
30 November 1964
Operator
Soviet Union
Carrier rocket
Molniya
Spacecraft
3MV-4A No
Mission type
Flyby
Outcome
Spacecraft failure
Communications lost before flyby.
Communications lost before flyby.
Mission
Communications lost before flyby.
9
9
Mission
9
Mission
Mariner 6
Launch date
25 February 1969
Operator
NASA
Carrier rocket
Atlas SLV-3C Centaur-D
Spacecraft
Mariner 6
Mission type
Flyby
Outcome
Success
Part of a dual mission to Mars along with Mariner 7.
Part of a dual mission to Mars along with Mariner 7.
Mission
Part of a dual mission to Mars along with Mariner 7.
10
10
Mission
10
Mission
2M No
Launch date
27 March 1969
Operator
Soviet Union
Carrier rocket
Proton-K / D
Spacecraft
1969A
Mission type
Orbiter
Outcome
Launch failure
Failed to achieve Earth orbit.
Failed to achieve Earth orbit.
Mission
Failed to achieve Earth orbit.
11
11
Mission
11
Mission
Mariner 7
Launch date
27 March 1969
Operator
NASA
Carrier rocket
Atlas SLV-3C Centaur-D
Spacecraft
Mariner 7
Mission type
Flyby
Outcome
Success
Part of a dual mission to Mars along with Mariner 6. Closest approach to Mars was five days after Mariner 6.
Part of a dual mission to Mars along with Mariner 6. Closest approach to Mars was five days after Mariner 6.
Mission
Part of a dual mission to Mars along with Mariner 6. Closest approach to Mars was five days after Mariner 6.
12
12
Mission
12
Mission
2M No
Launch date
2 April 1969
Operator
Soviet Union
Carrier rocket
Proton-K / D
Spacecraft
1969B
Mission type
Orbiter
Outcome
Launch failure
Failed to achieve Earth orbit.
Failed to achieve Earth orbit.
Mission
Failed to achieve Earth orbit.
13
13
Mission
13
Mission
Mariner 8
Launch date
9 May 1971
Operator
NASA
Carrier rocket
Atlas SLV-3C Centaur-D
Spacecraft
Mariner 8
Mission type
Orbiter
Outcome
Launch failure
Failed to achieve Earth orbit.
Failed to achieve Earth orbit.
Mission
Failed to achieve Earth orbit.
14
14
Mission
14
Mission
Kosmos 419
Launch date
10 May 1971
Operator
Soviet Union
Carrier rocket
Proton-K / D
Spacecraft
3MS No
Mission type
Orbiter
Outcome
Launch failure
Never left Low Earth orbit; booster stage burn timer set incorrectly.
Never left Low Earth orbit; booster stage burn timer set incorrectly.
Mission
Never left Low Earth orbit; booster stage burn timer set incorrectly.
15
15
Mission
15
Mission
Mars 2
Launch date
19 May 1971
Operator
Soviet Union
Carrier rocket
Proton-K / D
Spacecraft
4M No
Mission type
Orbiter
Outcome
Success
SA 4M No
SA 4M No
Mission
SA 4M No
Mission
Lander
Launch date
Spacecraft failure
PrOP-M
PrOP-M
Mission
PrOP-M
Mission
Rover
Launch date
Precluded
On November 27, the Mars 2 Orbiter became in short sequence the second spacecraft to orbit another planet. The lander became the first human-made object to impact Mars. Deployed from Mars 2, failed to land during attempt on 27 November 1971. Operated for 362 orbits PrOP-M was the first rover launched to Mars. Lost when the Mars 2 lander crashed int
On November 27, the Mars 2 Orbiter became in short sequence the second spacecraft to orbit another planet. The lander became the first human-made object to impact Mars. Deployed from Mars 2, failed to land during attempt on 27 November 1971. Operated for 362 orbits PrOP-M was the first rover launched to Mars. Lost when the Mars 2 lander crashed int
Mission
On November 27, the Mars 2 Orbiter became in short sequence the second spacecraft to orbit another planet. The lander became the first human-made object to impact Mars. Deployed from Mars 2, failed to land during attempt on 27 November 1971. Operated for 362 orbits PrOP-M was the first rover launched to Mars. Lost when the Mars 2 lander crashed int
16
16
Mission
16
Mission
Mars 3
Launch date
28 May 1971
Operator
Soviet Union
Carrier rocket
Proton-K / D
Spacecraft
4M No
Mission type
Orbiter
Outcome
Success
SA 4M No
SA 4M No
Mission
SA 4M No
Mission
Lander
Launch date
Partial failure
PrOP-M
PrOP-M
Mission
PrOP-M
Mission
Rover
Launch date
Precluded
On December 2, it became in short sequence the third spacecraft to orbit another planet. Operated for 20 orbits. Mars 3 Lander was the first lander to make a soft landing on Mars on 2 December 1971. First partial image (70 lines) transmitted showing "gray background with no details". Contact lost 20 seconds after transmission started, 110 seconds a
On December 2, it became in short sequence the third spacecraft to orbit another planet. Operated for 20 orbits. Mars 3 Lander was the first lander to make a soft landing on Mars on 2 December 1971. First partial image (70 lines) transmitted showing "gray background with no details". Contact lost 20 seconds after transmission started, 110 seconds a
Mission
On December 2, it became in short sequence the third spacecraft to orbit another planet. Operated for 20 orbits. Mars 3 Lander was the first lander to make a soft landing on Mars on 2 December 1971. First partial image (70 lines) transmitted showing "gray background with no details". Contact lost 20 seconds after transmission started, 110 seconds a
17
17
Mission
17
Mission
Mariner 9
Launch date
30 May 1971
Operator
NASA
Carrier rocket
Atlas SLV-3C Centaur-D
Spacecraft
Mariner 9
Mission type
Orbiter
Outcome
Success
First spacecraft to orbit another planet, two weeks ahead of Mars 2 on November 14. Deactivated 516 days after entering orbit.
First spacecraft to orbit another planet, two weeks ahead of Mars 2 on November 14. Deactivated 516 days after entering orbit.
Mission
First spacecraft to orbit another planet, two weeks ahead of Mars 2 on November 14. Deactivated 516 days after entering orbit.
18
18
Mission
18
Mission
Mars 4
Launch date
21 July 1973
Operator
Soviet Union
Carrier rocket
Proton-K / D
Spacecraft
3MS No
Mission type
Orbiter
Outcome
Partial failure
Failed to perform orbital insertion burn. Returned photographs of Mars during flyby.
Failed to perform orbital insertion burn. Returned photographs of Mars during flyby.
Mission
Failed to perform orbital insertion burn. Returned photographs of Mars during flyby.
19
19
Mission
19
Mission
Mars 5
Launch date
25 July 1973
Operator
Soviet Union
Carrier rocket
Proton-K / D
Spacecraft
3MS No
Mission type
Orbiter
Outcome
Success
Contact lost after 9 days in Mars orbit. Returned 180 frames.
Contact lost after 9 days in Mars orbit. Returned 180 frames.
Mission
Contact lost after 9 days in Mars orbit. Returned 180 frames.
20
20
Mission
20
Mission
Mars 6
Launch date
5 August 1973
Operator
Soviet Union
Carrier rocket
Proton-K / D
Spacecraft
3MS No
Mission type
Orbiter
Outcome
Success
Mars 6 lander
Mars 6 lander
Mission
Mars 6 lander
Mission
Lander
Launch date
Spacecraft failure
Flyby bus collected data. Contact lost upon landing, atmospheric data mostly unusable.
Flyby bus collected data. Contact lost upon landing, atmospheric data mostly unusable.
Mission
Flyby bus collected data. Contact lost upon landing, atmospheric data mostly unusable.
21
21
Mission
21
Mission
Mars 7
Launch date
9 August 1973
Operator
Soviet Union
Carrier rocket
Proton-K / D
Spacecraft
3MP No
Mission type
Flyby
Outcome
Success
Mars 7 lander
Mars 7 lander
Mission
Mars 7 lander
Mission
Lander
Launch date
Spacecraft failure
Flyby bus collected data. Lander separated from coast stage prematurely, failed to enter Martian atmosphere.
Flyby bus collected data. Lander separated from coast stage prematurely, failed to enter Martian atmosphere.
Mission
Flyby bus collected data. Lander separated from coast stage prematurely, failed to enter Martian atmosphere.
22
22
Mission
22
Mission
Viking 1
Launch date
20 August 1975
Operator
NASA
Carrier rocket
Titan IIIE Centaur-D1T
Spacecraft
Viking 1 orbiter
Mission type
Orbiter
Outcome
Success
Viking 1 lander
Viking 1 lander
Mission
Viking 1 lander
Mission
Lander
Launch date
Success
Entered Mars orbit on 19 June 1976 and operated until 1385 orbits. Viking 1 lander was the First successful Mars lander. Deployed from Viking 1 orbiter. Landed on Mars on 20 July 1976. Operated for 2245 sols.
Entered Mars orbit on 19 June 1976 and operated until 1385 orbits. Viking 1 lander was the First successful Mars lander. Deployed from Viking 1 orbiter. Landed on Mars on 20 July 1976. Operated for 2245 sols.
Mission
Entered Mars orbit on 19 June 1976 and operated until 1385 orbits. Viking 1 lander was the First successful Mars lander. Deployed from Viking 1 orbiter. Landed on Mars on 20 July 1976. Operated for 2245 sols.
23
23
Mission
23
Mission
Viking 2
Launch date
9 September 1975
Operator
NASA
Carrier rocket
Titan IIIE Centaur-D1T
Spacecraft
Viking 2 orbiter
Mission type
Orbiter
Outcome
Success
Viking 2 lander
Viking 2 lander
Mission
Viking 2 lander
Mission
Lander
Launch date
Success
Operated for 700 orbits. Entered Mars orbit on 7 August 1976. Viking 2 lander was deployed from Viking 2 orbiter. Landed on Mars in September 1976. Operated for 1281 sols (11 April 1980).
Operated for 700 orbits. Entered Mars orbit on 7 August 1976. Viking 2 lander was deployed from Viking 2 orbiter. Landed on Mars in September 1976. Operated for 1281 sols (11 April 1980).
Mission
Operated for 700 orbits. Entered Mars orbit on 7 August 1976. Viking 2 lander was deployed from Viking 2 orbiter. Landed on Mars in September 1976. Operated for 1281 sols (11 April 1980).
24
24
Mission
24
Mission
Phobos 1
Launch date
7 July 1988
Operator
Soviet Union
Carrier rocket
Proton-K / D-2
Spacecraft
1F No
Mission type
Orbiter
Outcome
Spacecraft failure
DAS
DAS
Mission
DAS
Mission
Lander (Phobos)
Launch date
Precluded
Communications lost before reaching Mars; failed to enter orbit. Phobos lander was to have been deployed by the spacecraft.
Communications lost before reaching Mars; failed to enter orbit. Phobos lander was to have been deployed by the spacecraft.
Mission
Communications lost before reaching Mars; failed to enter orbit. Phobos lander was to have been deployed by the spacecraft.
25
25
Mission
25
Mission
Phobos 2
Launch date
12 July 1988
Operator
Soviet Union
Carrier rocket
Proton-K / D-2
Spacecraft
1F No
Mission type
Orbiter
Outcome
Mostly successful
DAS
DAS
Mission
DAS
Mission
Lander (Phobos)
Launch date
Precluded
Prop-F
Prop-F
Mission
Prop-F
Mission
Rover (Phobos)
Launch date
Precluded
Orbital observations successful, communications lost before lander and rover deployment.
Orbital observations successful, communications lost before lander and rover deployment.
Mission
Orbital observations successful, communications lost before lander and rover deployment.
26
26
Mission
26
Mission
Mars Observer
Launch date
25 September 1992
Operator
NASA
Carrier rocket
Commercial Titan III
Spacecraft
Mars Observer
Mission type
Orbiter
Outcome
Spacecraft failure
Lost communications before orbital insertion.
Lost communications before orbital insertion.
Mission
Lost communications before orbital insertion.
27
27
Mission
27
Mission
Mars Global Surveyor
Launch date
7 November 1996
Operator
NASA
Carrier rocket
Delta II 7925
Spacecraft
Mars Global Surveyor
Mission type
Orbiter
Outcome
Success
Operated for ten years.
Operated for ten years.
Mission
Operated for ten years.
28
28
Mission
28
Mission
Mars 96
Launch date
16 November 1996
Operator
Roscosmos
Carrier rocket
Proton-K / D-2
Spacecraft
M1 No (Mars-8)
Mission type
Orbiter
Outcome
Launch failure
Mars 96 lander (A)
Mars 96 lander (A)
Mission
Mars 96 lander (A)
Mission
Lander
Launch date
Precluded
Mars 96 lander (B)
Mars 96 lander (B)
Mission
Mars 96 lander (B)
Mission
Lander
Launch date
Precluded
Mars 96 penetrator (A)
Mars 96 penetrator (A)
Mission
Mars 96 penetrator (A)
Mission
Penetrator
Launch date
Precluded
Mars 96 penetrator (B)
Mars 96 penetrator (B)
Mission
Mars 96 penetrator (B)
Mission
Penetrator
Launch date
Precluded
Never left Low Earth orbit. Two small landers and penetrators were to have been deployed by the Mars 96 orbiter.
Never left Low Earth orbit. Two small landers and penetrators were to have been deployed by the Mars 96 orbiter.
Mission
Never left Low Earth orbit. Two small landers and penetrators were to have been deployed by the Mars 96 orbiter.
29
29
Mission
29
Mission
Mars Pathfinder
Launch date
4 December 1996
Operator
NASA
Carrier rocket
Delta II 7925
Spacecraft
Mars Pathfinder
Mission type
Orbiter
Outcome
Success
Sojourner
Sojourner
Mission
Sojourner
Mission
Rover
Launch date
Success
Landed at 19 °N 33 °W on 4 July 1997, last contact on 27 September 1997. Sojourner was the first rover to operate on another planet. Operated for 84 days
Landed at 19 °N 33 °W on 4 July 1997, last contact on 27 September 1997. Sojourner was the first rover to operate on another planet. Operated for 84 days
Mission
Landed at 19 °N 33 °W on 4 July 1997, last contact on 27 September 1997. Sojourner was the first rover to operate on another planet. Operated for 84 days
30
30
Mission
30
Mission
Nozomi
Launch date
3 July 1998
Operator
ISAS
Carrier rocket
M-V
Spacecraft
PLANET-B
Mission type
Orbiter
Outcome
Spacecraft failure
Performed a Mars flyby. Later contact lost due to loss of fuel. However provided crucial information about the deep space environment.
Performed a Mars flyby. Later contact lost due to loss of fuel. However provided crucial information about the deep space environment.
Mission
Performed a Mars flyby. Later contact lost due to loss of fuel. However provided crucial information about the deep space environment.
31
31
Mission
31
Mission
Mars Surveyor '98 Orbiter
Launch date
11 December 1998
Operator
NASA
Carrier rocket
Delta II 7425
Spacecraft
Mars Climate Orbiter
Mission type
Orbiter
Outcome
Spacecraft failure
Approached Mars too closely during orbit insertion attempt due to a software interface bug involving different units for impulse and either burned up in the atmosphere or entered solar orbit.
Approached Mars too closely during orbit insertion attempt due to a software interface bug involving different units for impulse and either burned up in the atmosphere or entered solar orbit.
Mission
Approached Mars too closely during orbit insertion attempt due to a software interface bug involving different units for impulse and either burned up in the atmosphere or entered solar orbit.
32
32
Mission
32
Mission
Mars Surveyor '98 Lander
Launch date
3 January 1999
Operator
NASA
Carrier rocket
Delta II 7425
Spacecraft
Mars Polar Lander
Mission type
Lander
Outcome
Spacecraft failure
Mission
Launch date
Operator
Carrier rocket
Spacecraft
Mission type
Outcome
1
1M No
10 October 1960
OKB-1
Molniya
1M No
Flyby
Launch failure
Failed to achieve Earth orbit.
2
1M No
14 October 1960
OKB-1
Molniya
1M No
Flyby
Launch failure
Failed to achieve Earth orbit.
3
2MV-4 No
24 October 1962
Soviet Union
Molniya
2MV-4 No
Flyby
Launch failure
Booster stage ("Block L") disintegrated in LEO.
4
Mars 1
1 November 1962
Soviet Union
Molniya
2MV-4 No
Flyby
Spacecraft failure
Communications lost before first flyby.
5
2MV-3 No
4 November 1962
Soviet Union
Molniya
2MV-3 No
Lander
Launch failure
Never left Low Earth orbit.
6
Mariner 3
5 November 1964
NASA
Atlas LV-3 Agena-D
Mariner 3
Flyby
Launch failure
Payload fairing failed to separate.
7
Mariner 4
28 November 1964
NASA
Atlas LV-3 Agena-D
Mariner 4
Flyby
Success
First successful flyby of Mars on 15 July 1965.
8
Zond 2
30 November 1964
Soviet Union
Molniya
3MV-4A No
Flyby
Spacecraft failure
Communications lost before flyby.
9
Mariner 6
25 February 1969
NASA
Atlas SLV-3C Centaur-D
Mariner 6
Flyby
Success
Part of a dual mission to Mars along with Mariner 7.
10
2M No
27 March 1969
Soviet Union
Proton-K / D
1969A
Orbiter
Launch failure
Failed to achieve Earth orbit.
11
Mariner 7
27 March 1969
NASA
Atlas SLV-3C Centaur-D
Mariner 7
Flyby
Success
Part of a dual mission to Mars along with Mariner 6. Closest approach to Mars was five days after Mariner 6.
12
2M No
2 April 1969
Soviet Union
Proton-K / D
1969B
Orbiter
Launch failure
Failed to achieve Earth orbit.
13
Mariner 8
9 May 1971
NASA
Atlas SLV-3C Centaur-D
Mariner 8
Orbiter
Launch failure
Failed to achieve Earth orbit.
14
Kosmos 419
10 May 1971
Soviet Union
Proton-K / D
3MS No
Orbiter
Launch failure
Never left Low Earth orbit; booster stage burn timer set incorrectly.
15
Mars 2
19 May 1971
Soviet Union
Proton-K / D
4M No
Orbiter
Success
SA 4M No
Lander
Spacecraft failure
PrOP-M
Rover
Precluded
On November 27, the Mars 2 Orbiter became in short sequence the second spacecraft to orbit another planet. The lander became the first human-made object to impact Mars. Deployed from Mars 2, failed to land during attempt on 27 November 1971. Operated for 362 orbits PrOP-M was the first rover launched to Mars. Lost when the Mars 2 lander crashed int
16
Mars 3
28 May 1971
Soviet Union
Proton-K / D
4M No
Orbiter
Success
SA 4M No
Lander
Partial failure
PrOP-M
Rover
Precluded
On December 2, it became in short sequence the third spacecraft to orbit another planet. Operated for 20 orbits. Mars 3 Lander was the first lander to make a soft landing on Mars on 2 December 1971. First partial image (70 lines) transmitted showing "gray background with no details". Contact lost 20 seconds after transmission started, 110 seconds a
17
Mariner 9
30 May 1971
NASA
Atlas SLV-3C Centaur-D
Mariner 9
Orbiter
Success
First spacecraft to orbit another planet, two weeks ahead of Mars 2 on November 14. Deactivated 516 days after entering orbit.
18
Mars 4
21 July 1973
Soviet Union
Proton-K / D
3MS No
Orbiter
Partial failure
Failed to perform orbital insertion burn. Returned photographs of Mars during flyby.
19
Mars 5
25 July 1973
Soviet Union
Proton-K / D
3MS No
Orbiter
Success
Contact lost after 9 days in Mars orbit. Returned 180 frames.
20
Mars 6
5 August 1973
Soviet Union
Proton-K / D
3MS No
Orbiter
Success
Mars 6 lander
Lander
Spacecraft failure
Flyby bus collected data. Contact lost upon landing, atmospheric data mostly unusable.
21
Mars 7
9 August 1973
Soviet Union
Proton-K / D
3MP No
Flyby
Success
Mars 7 lander
Lander
Spacecraft failure
Flyby bus collected data. Lander separated from coast stage prematurely, failed to enter Martian atmosphere.
22
Viking 1
20 August 1975
NASA
Titan IIIE Centaur-D1T
Viking 1 orbiter
Orbiter
Success
· Missions to the moons of Mars
Phobos 1
Phobos 1
Mission
Phobos 1
Target
Phobos
Outcome
Spacecraft failure
Phobos 2
Phobos 2
Mission
Phobos 2
Target
Phobos
Outcome
Spacecraft failure
Fobos-Grunt
Fobos-Grunt
Mission
Fobos-Grunt
Target
Phobos
Outcome
Launch failure
Mission
Target
Outcome
Reference
Phobos 1
Phobos
Spacecraft failure
Phobos 2
Phobos
Spacecraft failure
Fobos-Grunt
Phobos
Launch failure
· Missions to the moons of Mars
Martian Moons eXploration (MMX)
Martian Moons eXploration (MMX)
Planned mission
Martian Moons eXploration (MMX)
Target
Phobos and Deimos
Planned mission
Target
Reference
Martian Moons eXploration (MMX)
Phobos and Deimos
· Missions to the moons of Mars
Aladdin
Aladdin
Proposal
Aladdin
Target
Phobos and Deimos
DePhine
DePhine
Proposal
DePhine
Target
Phobos and Deimos
DSR
DSR
Proposal
DSR
Target
Deimos
Gulliver
Gulliver
Proposal
Gulliver
Target
Deimos
Hall
Hall
Proposal
Hall
Target
Phobos and Deimos
M-PADS
M-PADS
Proposal
M-PADS
Target
Phobos and Deimos
Merlin
Merlin
Proposal
Merlin
Target
Phobos and Deimos
MMSR
MMSR
Proposal
MMSR
Target
Phobos or Deimos
OSIRIS-REx 2
OSIRIS-REx 2
Proposal
OSIRIS-REx 2
Target
Phobos or Deimos
Pandora
Pandora
Proposal
Pandora
Target
Phobos and Deimos
PCROSS
PCROSS
Proposal
PCROSS
Target
Phobos
Phobos Surveyor
Phobos Surveyor
Proposal
Phobos Surveyor
Target
Phobos
PRIME
PRIME
Proposal
PRIME
Target
Phobos
Fobos-Grunt 2
Fobos-Grunt 2
Proposal
Fobos-Grunt 2
Target
Phobos
Phootprint
Phootprint
Proposal
Phootprint
Target
Phobos
PADME
PADME
Proposal
PADME
Target
Phobos and Deimos
Proposal
Target
Reference
Aladdin
Phobos and Deimos
DePhine
Phobos and Deimos
DSR
Deimos
Gulliver
Deimos
Hall
Phobos and Deimos
M-PADS
Phobos and Deimos
Merlin
Phobos and Deimos
MMSR
Phobos or Deimos
OSIRIS-REx 2
Phobos or Deimos
Pandora
Phobos and Deimos
PCROSS
Phobos
Phobos Surveyor
Phobos
PRIME
Phobos
Fobos-Grunt 2
Phobos
Phootprint
Phobos
PADME
Phobos and Deimos
Mars missions · Statistics › Mission milestone by country
United States
United States
Country/Agency
United States
Flyby
Mariner 4, 1965 †
Orbit
Mariner 9, 1971 †
Impact
Mars Polar Lander, 1999
Lander
Viking 1, 1976
Rover
Sojourner, 1997 †
Drone
Ingenuity, 2021 †
Sample return
—
Crewed Landing
—
China
China
Country/Agency
China
Flyby
Tianwen-1, 2021
Orbit
Tianwen-1, 2021
Impact
—
Lander
Tianwen-1, 2021
Rover
Zhurong, 2021
Drone
—
Sample return
—
Crewed Landing
—
Soviet Union
Soviet Union
Country/Agency
Soviet Union
Flyby
Mars 2, 1971
Orbit
Mars 2, 1971
Impact
Mars 2 Lander, 1971 †
Lander
Mars 3, 1971 †
Rover
PrOP-M, 1971
Drone
—
Sample return
—
Crewed Landing
—
ESA
ESA
Country/Agency
ESA
Flyby
Mars Express, 2003
Orbit
Mars Express, 2003
Impact
Schiaparelli EDM, 2016
Lander
Schiaparelli EDM, 2016
Rover
—
Drone
—
Sample return
—
Crewed Landing
—
United Kingdom
United Kingdom
Country/Agency
United Kingdom
Flyby
Beagle 2, 2003
Orbit
—
Impact
Beagle 2, 2003
Lander
Beagle 2, 2003
Rover
—
Drone
—
Sample return
—
Crewed Landing
—
India
India
Country/Agency
India
Flyby
MOM, 2014
Orbit
MOM, 2014
Impact
—
Lander
—
Rover
—
Drone
—
Sample return
—
Crewed Landing
—
Russia
Russia
Country/Agency
Russia
Flyby
TGO, 2016
Orbit
TGO, 2016
Impact
Mars 96, 1996
Lander
Mars 96, 1996
Rover
—
Drone
—
Sample return
—
Crewed Landing
—
UAE
UAE
Country/Agency
UAE
Flyby
Hope, 2021
Orbit
Hope, 2021
Impact
—
Lander
—
Rover
—
Drone
—
Sample return
—
Crewed Landing
—
Japan
Japan
Country/Agency
Japan
Flyby
Nozomi, 1998
Orbit
Nozomi, 1998
Impact
—
Lander
—
Rover
—
Drone
—
Sample return
—
Crewed Landing
—
Country/Agency
Flyby
Orbit
Impact
Lander
Rover
Drone
Sample return
Crewed Landing
United States
Mariner 4, 1965 †
Mariner 9, 1971 †
Mars Polar Lander, 1999
Viking 1, 1976
Sojourner, 1997 †
Ingenuity, 2021 †
—
—
China
Tianwen-1, 2021
Tianwen-1, 2021
—
Tianwen-1, 2021
Zhurong, 2021
—
—
—
Soviet Union
Mars 2, 1971
Mars 2, 1971
Mars 2 Lander, 1971 †
Mars 3, 1971 †
PrOP-M, 1971
—
—
—
ESA
Mars Express, 2003
Mars Express, 2003
Schiaparelli EDM, 2016
Schiaparelli EDM, 2016
—
—
—
—
United Kingdom
Beagle 2, 2003
—
Beagle 2, 2003
Beagle 2, 2003
—
—
—
—
India
MOM, 2014
MOM, 2014
—
—
—
—
—
—
Russia
TGO, 2016
TGO, 2016
Mars 96, 1996
Mars 96, 1996
—
—
—
—
UAE
Hope, 2021
Hope, 2021
—
—
—
—
—
—
Japan
Nozomi, 1998
Nozomi, 1998
—
—
—
—
—
—

References

  1. While Beagle 2 had landed intact, it failed to establish communication.
  2. www
    http://www.russianspaceweb.com/spacecraft_planetary_mars.html
  3. Chronology of Mars Exploration. NASA. Retrieved on 1 December 2011.
    https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/chronology_mars.html
  4. nssdc
    https://web.archive.org/web/20190714112749/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1969-014A
  5. ResearchGate
    https://web.archive.org/web/20181210015825/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/328715311_Chronology_of_Mars_Missions
  6. nssdc
    https://web.archive.org/web/20170227065600/http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1969-030A
  7. Forbes
    https://www.forbes.com/sites/kionasmith/2017/05/30/the-mariner-9-spacecraft-and-the-race-to-mars/
  8. "NASA Space Science Data Coordinated Archive Status - NASA"
    https://www.nasa.gov/nssdc/
  9. "Missions to Mars"
    http://www.planetary.org/explore/space-topics/space-missions/missions-to-mars.html#mars2
  10. NASA
    https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1971-049F
  11. Planetary Society
    https://www.planetary.org/articles/tpr_1990_4_anderson
  12. The Difficult Road to Mars - A Brief History of Mars Exploration in the Soviet Union
    https://archive.org/details/difficultroadtom00perm/page/34
  13. NASA
    https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/MRO/news/mro2013411.html
  14. "Mars 3 Spacecraft and Subsystems, NSSDCA cat"
    https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1971-049F
  15. NASA Space Science Data Center, Mars 3 Lander. Retrieved 11 Feb. 2021.
    https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1971-049F
  16. Destination Mars
  17. mentallandscape
    http://mentallandscape.com/C_CatalogMars.htm
  18. "NASA Space Science Data Coordinated Archive Status - NASA"
    https://www.nasa.gov/nssdc/
  19. www
    https://www.russianspaceweb.com/mars96.html
  20. "Pathfinder Rover Gets Its Name"
    https://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/MPF/rover/name.html
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