List of massacres in the United States
Updated: 5/20/2026, 7:10:47 PM Wikipedia source
This is a partial list of massacres in the United States; death tolls may be approximate.
For single-perpetrator events and shooting sprees, see List of rampage killers in the United States, Mass shootings in the United States, Category:Spree shootings in the United States, and Category:Mass shootings in the United States by year For Indian massacres, see Indian massacres.
Tables
· List
Boston Massacre
Boston Massacre
Name
Boston Massacre
Date
1770 Mar 5
Location
Boston
State
Massachusetts
Deaths, including any perpetrators
5
Notes
5 Bostonians killed and 6 wounded by soldiers of the 29th Regiment of Foot. The killed and wounded were part of a mob which was harassing the soldiers, and the soldiers opened fire after being stoned by the crowd.
Brodhead's Coshocton expedition
Brodhead's Coshocton expedition
Name
Brodhead's Coshocton expedition
Date
1778 Apr
Location
Ohio Country
State
Ohio
Deaths, including any perpetrators
16
Notes
16 Lenape warriors were captured, taken south of the village, and massacred by American soldiers under the command of Colonel Daniel Brodhead.
Baylor Massacre
Baylor Massacre
Name
Baylor Massacre
Date
1778 Sep 27
Location
River Vale
State
New Jersey
Deaths, including any perpetrators
16
Notes
A force of British soldiers under the command of Major-General Charles Grey carried a successful surprise attack against the 3rd Regiment of Continental Light Dragoons under the command of Colonel George Baylor while they slept.
Long Run massacre
Long Run massacre
Name
Long Run massacre
Date
1781 Sep 13–14
Location
Floyds Fork
State
Kentucky
Deaths, including any perpetrators
32
Notes
A Native American war party attacked a party of U . settlers, killing 15. They also attacked American soldiers under Colonel John Floyd who returned the next day to bury the dead, killing a further 17.
Gnadenhutten massacre
Gnadenhutten massacre
Name
Gnadenhutten massacre
Date
1782 Mar 8
Location
Gnadenhutten
State
Ohio
Deaths, including any perpetrators
96
Notes
Christian Lenape who were massacred by American militiamen during the Revolutionary War
Goliad massacre
Goliad massacre
Name
Goliad massacre
Date
1836 Mar 27
Location
Goliad
State
Texas
Deaths, including any perpetrators
425–445
Notes
Largest massacre to have taken place on what is today United States territory , occurring after the Battle of Refugio and the Battle of Coleto; 425–445 prisoners of war from the Texian Army of the Republic of Texas were executed by the Mexican Army in the town of Goliad, Mexican Texas, (not the Republic of Texas), which is today in Texas, United St
Hawn's Mill massacre
Hawn's Mill massacre
Name
Hawn's Mill massacre
Date
1838 Oct 30
Location
Fairview Township
State
Missouri
Deaths, including any perpetrators
19
Notes
Mob/Missouri Volunteer Militia attacked Mormons.
Dawson massacre
Dawson massacre
Name
Dawson massacre
Date
1842 Sep 17
Location
Presidio San Antonio de Béxar
State
Texas
Deaths, including any perpetrators
66
Notes
36 of the Texan militia killed by Mexican soldiers during the Woll Expedition. 30 Mexican soldiers were also killed.
Black Bean Episode
Black Bean Episode
Name
Black Bean Episode
Date
1843 Mar 25
Location
Salado
State
Texas
Deaths, including any perpetrators
17
Notes
Mexican soldiers under Francisco Mexia, governor of Coahuila executed 17 from a group of 176 prisoners, Texans captured in Mexico. He had been ordered to execute all of them, but instead chose to "decimate" them, killing one of every ten.
Philadelphia nativist riots
Philadelphia nativist riots
Name
Philadelphia nativist riots
Date
1844 May 6–8, Jul 6–7
Location
Philadelphia
State
Pennsylvania
Deaths, including any perpetrators
20+
Notes
20+ Catholics killed
Bloody Monday
Bloody Monday
Name
Bloody Monday
Date
1855 Aug 6
Location
Louisville
State
Kentucky
Deaths, including any perpetrators
>22
Notes
Scores injured in anti-Catholic religious mob violence and arson.
Pottawatomie massacre
Pottawatomie massacre
Name
Pottawatomie massacre
Date
1856 May 24–25
Location
Franklin County
State
Kansas
Deaths, including any perpetrators
5
Notes
John Brown and followers killed 5 pro-slavery settlers during the Bleeding Kansas period.
Spirit Lake Massacre
Spirit Lake Massacre
Name
Spirit Lake Massacre
Date
1857 Mar 5–12
Location
West Okoboji
State
Iowa
Deaths, including any perpetrators
35–40
Notes
A band of Dakota people led by Inkpaduta conducted a series of raids on white settlers.
Mountain Meadows Massacre
Mountain Meadows Massacre
Name
Mountain Meadows Massacre
Date
1857 Sep 7–11
Location
Mountain Meadows
State
Utah Territory
Deaths, including any perpetrators
120–140
Notes
Emigrant wagon train annihilated by the Mormon Utah Territorial Militia.
Marais des Cygnes massacre
Marais des Cygnes massacre
Name
Marais des Cygnes massacre
Date
1858 May 19
Location
Linn County
State
Kansas
Deaths, including any perpetrators
5
Notes
Last major outbreak of violence in Bleeding Kansas.
Pratt Street Massacre
Pratt Street Massacre
Name
Pratt Street Massacre
Date
1861 Apr 19
Location
Baltimore
State
Maryland
Deaths, including any perpetrators
16
Notes
Political riot between Copperheads, Confederate sympathizers, and Union militias.
Sacking of Osceola
Sacking of Osceola
Name
Sacking of Osceola
Date
1861 Sep 23
Location
Osceola
State
Missouri
Deaths, including any perpetrators
9
Notes
Tried by drumhead court martial and executed, town of 3,000 sacked and burned in a raid by Jim Lane's Kansas Brigade.
Nueces massacre
Nueces massacre
Name
Nueces massacre
Date
1862 Aug 10
Location
Kinney County
State
Texas
Deaths, including any perpetrators
34
Notes
German Texans killed by Confederate soldiers.
Shelton Laurel massacre
Shelton Laurel massacre
Name
Shelton Laurel massacre
Date
1863 Jan 18
Location
Madison County
State
North Carolina
Deaths, including any perpetrators
13
Notes
Unarmed Unionists, including three boys, were shot by Confederates after capture.
Bear River Massacre
Bear River Massacre
Name
Bear River Massacre
Date
1863 Jan 29
Location
Franklin County
State
Idaho
Deaths, including any perpetrators
more than 350
Notes
Military attack on a North Shoshone encampment described as the largest single episode of genocide in the western United States
Lawrence massacre
Lawrence massacre
Name
Lawrence massacre
Date
1863 Aug 21
Location
Douglas County
State
Kansas
Deaths, including any perpetrators
185–200
Notes
Pro-Confederate Guerrillas killed civilians and burned a quarter of the town.
Baxter Springs Massacre
Baxter Springs Massacre
Name
Baxter Springs Massacre
Date
1863 Oct 6
Location
Cherokee County
State
Kansas
Deaths, including any perpetrators
115
Notes
Convoy of Union soldiers led by James B. Pond who were ambushed by Confederate raiders under the command of William C. Quantrill. Many of the convoy were massacred as they tried to surrender.
Fort Pillow massacre
Fort Pillow massacre
Name
Fort Pillow massacre
Date
1864 Apr 12
Location
Henning
State
Tennessee
Deaths, including any perpetrators
277–297
Notes
Black Union troops were killed by Forrest's Cavalry Corps while trying to surrender.
Centralia massacre
Centralia massacre
Name
Centralia massacre
Date
1864 Sep 27
Location
Centralia
State
Missouri
Deaths, including any perpetrators
24
Notes
Unarmed U . soldiers murdered by their Confederate captors including Jesse James. 123 killed in ensuing Battle of Centralia.
Saltville massacre
Saltville massacre
Name
Saltville massacre
Date
1864 Oct 2–3
Location
Saltville
State
Virginia
Deaths, including any perpetrators
45–50
Notes
Wounded/captured Federal black troops by Confederate soldiers and guerrillas.
Sand Creek massacre
Sand Creek massacre
Name
Sand Creek massacre
Date
1864 Nov 29
Location
Kiowa County
State
Colorado
Deaths, including any perpetrators
100–600
Notes
massacre of Cheyenne and Arapaho people by the U . Army.
Memphis massacre
Memphis massacre
Name
Memphis massacre
Date
1866 May 1-3
Location
Memphis
State
Tennessee
Deaths, including any perpetrators
48
Notes
Massacre of the black community of Memphis by white mobs and police officers.
New Orleans massacre
New Orleans massacre
Name
New Orleans massacre
Date
1866 Jul 30
Location
New Orleans
State
Louisiana
Deaths, including any perpetrators
38-204
Notes
Peaceful demonstration of mostly black Freedmen attack by white rioters, many of whom were former soldiers of the recently defeated Confederate States of America.
Camilla massacre
Camilla massacre
Name
Camilla massacre
Date
1868 Sep 23
Location
Camilla
State
Georgia
Deaths, including any perpetrators
9–15
Notes
Attack by the Ku Klux Klan on a gathering of Black republicans.
Opelousas Massacre
Opelousas Massacre
Name
Opelousas Massacre
Date
1868 Sep 28
Location
Opelousas
State
Louisiana
Deaths, including any perpetrators
35+
Notes
African Americans from Opelousas attempted to join the local Democratic party which was controlled by whites. The African Americans were rejected for membership and the white Democrats then subsequently went on a hunt for African Americans. In the end an estimated 200–300 African Americans were killed.
Marias Massacre
Marias Massacre
Name
Marias Massacre
Date
1870 Jan 23
Location
Marias River, Montana Territory
State
Montana
Deaths, including any perpetrators
173–217
Notes
Friendly band of Piegan Blackfeet killed against orders by Eugene Mortimer Baker in retaliation for the Murder of Malcolm Clarke by a member of a different Band of Piegan Blackfeet
Chinese massacre
Chinese massacre
Name
Chinese massacre
Date
1871 Oct 24
Location
Los Angeles, California
State
California
Deaths, including any perpetrators
>18
Notes
Killed by hanging and unknown injured in mob violence against people and property in Chinatown.
Goingsnake massacre
Goingsnake massacre
Name
Goingsnake massacre
Date
1872 Apr 15
Location
Tahlequah
State
Indian Territory (present-day Oklahoma)
Deaths, including any perpetrators
11
Notes
Died in a shoot out in a crowded courtroom, the dead included 8 Deputy US Marshals and 3 Cherokee citizens. Six Cherokee were wounded including the defendant and the judge.
Colfax massacre
Colfax massacre
Name
Colfax massacre
Date
1873 Apr 13
Location
Colfax
State
Louisiana
Deaths, including any perpetrators
83–153
Notes
Black people killed at courthouse and as prisoners afterwards.
Coushatta massacre
Coushatta massacre
Name
Coushatta massacre
Date
1874 Aug
Location
Coushatta
State
Louisiana
Deaths, including any perpetrators
11–26
Notes
Six whites, remainder black killed as political intimidation.
Election riot of 1874
Election riot of 1874
Name
Election riot of 1874
Date
1874 Nov 3
Location
Eufaula
State
Alabama
Deaths, including any perpetrators
8
Notes
70 injured. White League Democrats drove African American Republicans from the polls.
Hamburg massacre
Hamburg massacre
Name
Hamburg massacre
Date
1876 Jul 4
Location
Hamburg
State
South Carolina
Deaths, including any perpetrators
7
Notes
Town looted in a racially motivated incident during Reconstruction.
Ellenton massacre
Ellenton massacre
Name
Ellenton massacre
Date
1876 Sep 15-16
Location
Aiken County
State
South Carolina
Deaths, including any perpetrators
25–100
Notes
Racially motivated killings after the alleged attack on a white woman.
Chico Chinese Massacre
Chico Chinese Massacre
Name
Chico Chinese Massacre
Date
1877 Mar 14
Location
Chico
State
California
Deaths, including any perpetrators
4
Notes
A group of armed white men from a labor union fired upon Chinese workers, killing four and wounding at least two others. The next day, the town's Chinatown was burned.
Guadalupe Canyon massacre
Guadalupe Canyon massacre
Name
Guadalupe Canyon massacre
Date
1881 Aug 13
Location
Guadalupe Mountains
State
Arizona Territory
Deaths, including any perpetrators
5
Notes
1 wounded; cowboys ambushed while sleeping. Perpetrators disputed.
Rock Springs massacre
Rock Springs massacre
Name
Rock Springs massacre
Date
1885 Sep 2
Location
Rock Springs
State
Wyoming
Deaths, including any perpetrators
28
Notes
15 injured in a racial dispute between white and Chinese miners.
Haymarket affair
Haymarket affair
Name
Haymarket affair
Date
1886 May 4
Location
Chicago
State
Illinois
Deaths, including any perpetrators
11
Notes
More than 130 injured by dynamite bomb and crossfire of bullets during a FOTLU rally for an eight-hour work day.
Bay View massacre
Bay View massacre
Name
Bay View massacre
Date
1886 May 5
Location
Bay View
State
Wisconsin
Deaths, including any perpetrators
7
Notes
Knights of Labor protesters killed by National Guardsmen.
Chinese Massacre Cove
Chinese Massacre Cove
Name
Chinese Massacre Cove
Date
1887 May
Location
Wallowa County
State
Oregon
Deaths, including any perpetrators
10–34
Notes
Chinese gold miners ambushed and murdered by a gang of horse thieves.
Thibodaux massacre
Thibodaux massacre
Name
Thibodaux massacre
Date
1887 Nov 22
Location
Thibodaux
State
Louisiana
Deaths, including any perpetrators
>35
Notes
Perhaps as many as 300 killed, 5+ injuries to striking black sugar-cane workers.
1891 New Orleans lynchings
1891 New Orleans lynchings
Name
1891 New Orleans lynchings
Date
1891, Mar 14
Location
New Orleans
State
Louisiana
Deaths, including any perpetrators
11
Notes
A lynch mob storms the Old Parish Prison and lynches 11 Italians who had been found not guilty of the murder of Police Chief David Hennessy.
Lattimer massacre
Lattimer massacre
Name
Lattimer massacre
Date
1897 Sep 10
Location
Lattimer
State
Pennsylvania
Deaths, including any perpetrators
19
Notes
Coal miners killed by sheriff's posse.
Wilmington Massacre of 1898
Wilmington Massacre of 1898
Name
Wilmington Massacre of 1898
Date
1898 Nov 10
Location
Wilmington
State
North Carolina
Deaths, including any perpetrators
60–300
Notes
A mob of 2000 white men armed from the looted Wilmington armory, led by white supremacist and Democratic politician Alfred Moore Waddell burnt down The Daily Record newspaper building, destroyed numerous black-owned properties, and murdered somewhere between 60 and 300 Black residents of Wilmington.
The 1906 Atlanta Race Massacre
The 1906 Atlanta Race Massacre
Name
The 1906 Atlanta Race Massacre
Date
1906 Sep 22 -24
Location
Atlanta
State
Georgia
Deaths, including any perpetrators
27+
Notes
Racially motivated massacre against African Americans.
1908 Hickman massacre
1908 Hickman massacre
Name
1908 Hickman massacre
Date
1908 Oct 3
Location
Hickman
State
Kentucky
Deaths, including any perpetrators
4-8
Notes
A mob of around 50 men who called themselves "Night Riders" shot 8 members of the Walker family, four of which are confirmed to have died.
Villisca massacre
Villisca massacre
Name
Villisca massacre
Date
1912 Jun 10
Location
Villisca
State
Iowa
Deaths, including any perpetrators
8
Notes
Unsolved axe murders of members of 2 families.
Ludlow Massacre
Ludlow Massacre
Name
Ludlow Massacre
Date
1914 Apr 20
Location
Ludlow
State
Colorado
Deaths, including any perpetrators
19
Notes
Killed by Colorado National Guard and Colorado Fuel & Iron Company camp guards on a tent colony of 1,200 striking coal miners and their families.
Newberry massacre
Newberry massacre
Name
Newberry massacre
Date
1916 Aug 18
Location
Newberry
State
Florida
Deaths, including any perpetrators
6
Notes
A white mob shot and killed a black man and then hung two black men, one of which was a minister, and two black women, one of which was pregnant at the time.
Everett massacre
Everett massacre
Name
Everett massacre
Date
1916 Nov 5
Location
Everett
State
Washington
Deaths, including any perpetrators
5
Notes
27 injured and scores of IWW unionists arrested by police and vigilantes.
East St. Louis massacre
East St. Louis massacre
Name
East St. Louis massacre
Date
1917 May 28, Jul 1–3
Location
East St. Louis
State
Illinois
Deaths, including any perpetrators
48-159
Notes
Racially motivated massacre against African Americans.
Marrazzo massacre
Marrazzo massacre
Name
Marrazzo massacre
Date
1918 Oct 21
Location
Chicago
State
Illinois
Deaths, including any perpetrators
5
Notes
Peter Marrazzo killed his wife and 4 children during the height of the Spanish flu pandemic. He was committed to a mental hospital but released after only 2 years.
Elaine massacre
Elaine massacre
Name
Elaine massacre
Date
1919 Sep 30
Location
Phillips County
State
Arkansas
Deaths, including any perpetrators
100–241
Notes
Racially motivated massacre against African Americans.
Centralia massacre
Centralia massacre
Name
Centralia massacre
Date
1919 Nov 11
Location
Centralia
State
Washington
Deaths, including any perpetrators
6
Notes
Four American Legionnaires killed by Industrial Workers of the World members in proximity to the storming of the IWW union hall. Also killed were IWW organizer Wesley Everest and, four days later, a deputy sheriff.
Matewan massacre
Matewan massacre
Name
Matewan massacre
Date
1920 May 19
Location
Matewan
State
West Virginia
Deaths, including any perpetrators
11
Notes
The confrontation resulted in the deaths of Matewan Mayor Cabell Testerman, two striking coal miners, seven men from the Baldwin-Felts Detective Agency, and an unarmed bystander.
Ocoee massacre
Ocoee massacre
Name
Ocoee massacre
Date
1920 Nov 2
Location
Ocoee
State
Florida
Deaths, including any perpetrators
56~
Notes
Black population of Ocoee, a town near Orlando, was nearly obliterated during the 1920 election season.
Tulsa race massacre
Tulsa race massacre
Name
Tulsa race massacre
Date
1921 May 31, Jun 1
Location
Tulsa
State
Oklahoma
Deaths, including any perpetrators
39–300
Notes
≥ 800 wounded. One of the nation's worst incidents of racial violence.
Battle of Blair Mountain
Battle of Blair Mountain
Name
Battle of Blair Mountain
Date
1921 Aug 25
Location
Logan County
State
West Virginia
Deaths, including any perpetrators
10–33
Notes
Private army and US Troops against union organizers. WWI gas bombs used against union organizers.
Herrin massacre
Herrin massacre
Name
Herrin massacre
Date
1922 Jun 21
Location
Herrin
State
Illinois
Deaths, including any perpetrators
23
Notes
Exchange of gunfire between strikebreakers and union guards at coal mine.
Rosewood massacre
Rosewood massacre
Name
Rosewood massacre
Date
1923 Jan
Location
Rosewood
State
Florida
Deaths, including any perpetrators
8
Notes
The entire population of African-Americans in and near Rosewood, about 350, were forced from their homes and never returned.
Hanapepe massacre
Hanapepe massacre
Name
Hanapepe massacre
Date
1924 Sep 9
Location
Hanapepe
State
Hawaii
Deaths, including any perpetrators
20
Notes
101 arrested.
Bath School disaster
Bath School disaster
Name
Bath School disaster
Date
1927 May 18
Location
Bath Township
State
Michigan
Deaths, including any perpetrators
45
Notes
School Bombing
Columbine Mine massacre
Columbine Mine massacre
Name
Columbine Mine massacre
Date
1927 Nov 21
Location
Serene
State
Colorado
Deaths, including any perpetrators
6
Notes
Miners killed with machine guns by the Colorado Rangers and the Rocky Mountain Fuel Company during a United Mine Workers coal mine strike.
Saint Valentine's Day Massacre
Saint Valentine's Day Massacre
Name
Saint Valentine's Day Massacre
Date
1929 Feb 14
Location
Chicago
State
Illinois
Deaths, including any perpetrators
7
Notes
Prohibition gang killing in Lincoln Park by Al Capone's Chicago Outfit.
Kansas City massacre
Kansas City massacre
Name
Kansas City massacre
Date
1933 Jun 17
Location
Kansas City
State
Missouri
Deaths, including any perpetrators
5
Notes
The dead include law enforcement officers and a criminal fugitive shot by members of a gang.
1937 Memorial Day massacre
1937 Memorial Day massacre
Name
1937 Memorial Day massacre
Date
1937 May 30
Location
Chicago
State
Illinois
Deaths, including any perpetrators
10
Notes
The Chicago Police Department shot and killed ten unarmed demonstrators in Chicago during the Little Steel strike.
Utah prisoner of war massacre
Utah prisoner of war massacre
Name
Utah prisoner of war massacre
Date
1945 Jul 7–8
Location
Salina, Utah
State
Utah
Deaths, including any perpetrators
9
Notes
German POWs killed by an American guard
Camden shootings
Camden shootings
Name
Camden shootings
Date
1949 Sep 6
Location
Camden
State
New Jersey
Deaths, including any perpetrators
13
Notes
Included three children in a 12-minute walk through his neighbourhood.
16th Street Baptist Church bombing
16th Street Baptist Church bombing
Name
16th Street Baptist Church bombing
Date
1963 Sep 15
Location
Birmingham
State
Alabama
Deaths, including any perpetrators
4
Notes
Members of the Ku Klux Klan and segregationists plant bombs inside the African-American 16th Street Baptist Church in Birmingham, killing four young African American girls and injuring 14-22 more.
1966 student nurse massacre
1966 student nurse massacre
Name
1966 student nurse massacre
Date
1966 Jul 13
Location
Chicago
State
Illinois
Deaths, including any perpetrators
8
Notes
Richard Speck murdered eight student nurses in their Chicago residence.
University of Texas tower Shooting
University of Texas tower Shooting
Name
University of Texas tower Shooting
Date
1966 Aug 1
Location
Austin
State
Texas
Deaths, including any perpetrators
18 including the shooter
Notes
31 others wounded.
Orangeburg Massacre
Orangeburg Massacre
Name
Orangeburg Massacre
Date
1968 Feb 8
Location
Orangeburg
State
South Carolina
Deaths, including any perpetrators
3
Notes
Nine highway patrolmen and one city police officer opened fire on a crowd of African American students.
Kent State shootings
Kent State shootings
Name
Kent State shootings
Date
1970 May 4
Location
Kent
State
Ohio
Deaths, including any perpetrators
4
Notes
Ohio National Guard opened fire on unarmed student protesters at Kent State University.
Easter Sunday Massacre
Easter Sunday Massacre
Name
Easter Sunday Massacre
Date
1975 Mar 30
Location
Hamilton
State
Ohio
Deaths, including any perpetrators
11
Notes
All victims were family members of the killer shot and killed by pistols at a family gathering.
Golden Dragon massacre
Golden Dragon massacre
Name
Golden Dragon massacre
Date
1977 Sep 4
Location
San Francisco
State
California
Deaths, including any perpetrators
5
Notes
11 injured. Hong Kong American street gang the Joe Boys committed violent shooting
| Name | Date | Location | State | Deaths, including any perpetrators | Notes |
| Boston Massacre | 1770 Mar 5 | Boston | Massachusetts | 5 | 5 Bostonians killed and 6 wounded by soldiers of the 29th Regiment of Foot. The killed and wounded were part of a mob which was harassing the soldiers, and the soldiers opened fire after being stoned by the crowd. |
| Brodhead's Coshocton expedition | 1778 Apr | Ohio Country | Ohio | 16 | 16 Lenape warriors were captured, taken south of the village, and massacred by American soldiers under the command of Colonel Daniel Brodhead. |
| Baylor Massacre | 1778 Sep 27 | River Vale | New Jersey | 16 | A force of British soldiers under the command of Major-General Charles Grey carried a successful surprise attack against the 3rd Regiment of Continental Light Dragoons under the command of Colonel George Baylor while they slept. |
| Long Run massacre | 1781 Sep 13–14 | Floyds Fork | Kentucky | 32 | A Native American war party attacked a party of U . settlers, killing 15. They also attacked American soldiers under Colonel John Floyd who returned the next day to bury the dead, killing a further 17. |
| Gnadenhutten massacre | 1782 Mar 8 | Gnadenhutten | Ohio | 96 | Christian Lenape who were massacred by American militiamen during the Revolutionary War |
| Goliad massacre | 1836 Mar 27 | Goliad | Texas | 425–445 | Largest massacre to have taken place on what is today United States territory , occurring after the Battle of Refugio and the Battle of Coleto; 425–445 prisoners of war from the Texian Army of the Republic of Texas were executed by the Mexican Army in the town of Goliad, Mexican Texas, (not the Republic of Texas), which is today in Texas, United St |
| Hawn's Mill massacre | 1838 Oct 30 | Fairview Township | Missouri | 19 | Mob/Missouri Volunteer Militia attacked Mormons. |
| Dawson massacre | 1842 Sep 17 | Presidio San Antonio de Béxar | Texas | 66 | 36 of the Texan militia killed by Mexican soldiers during the Woll Expedition. 30 Mexican soldiers were also killed. |
| Black Bean Episode | 1843 Mar 25 | Salado | Texas | 17 | Mexican soldiers under Francisco Mexia, governor of Coahuila executed 17 from a group of 176 prisoners, Texans captured in Mexico. He had been ordered to execute all of them, but instead chose to "decimate" them, killing one of every ten. |
| Philadelphia nativist riots | 1844 May 6–8, Jul 6–7 | Philadelphia | Pennsylvania | 20+ | 20+ Catholics killed |
| Bloody Monday | 1855 Aug 6 | Louisville | Kentucky | >22 | Scores injured in anti-Catholic religious mob violence and arson. |
| Pottawatomie massacre | 1856 May 24–25 | Franklin County | Kansas | 5 | John Brown and followers killed 5 pro-slavery settlers during the Bleeding Kansas period. |
| Spirit Lake Massacre | 1857 Mar 5–12 | West Okoboji | Iowa | 35–40 | A band of Dakota people led by Inkpaduta conducted a series of raids on white settlers. |
| Mountain Meadows Massacre | 1857 Sep 7–11 | Mountain Meadows | Utah Territory | 120–140 | Emigrant wagon train annihilated by the Mormon Utah Territorial Militia. |
| Marais des Cygnes massacre | 1858 May 19 | Linn County | Kansas | 5 | Last major outbreak of violence in Bleeding Kansas. |
| Pratt Street Massacre | 1861 Apr 19 | Baltimore | Maryland | 16 | Political riot between Copperheads, Confederate sympathizers, and Union militias. |
| Sacking of Osceola | 1861 Sep 23 | Osceola | Missouri | 9 | Tried by drumhead court martial and executed, town of 3,000 sacked and burned in a raid by Jim Lane's Kansas Brigade. |
| Nueces massacre | 1862 Aug 10 | Kinney County | Texas | 34 | German Texans killed by Confederate soldiers. |
| Shelton Laurel massacre | 1863 Jan 18 | Madison County | North Carolina | 13 | Unarmed Unionists, including three boys, were shot by Confederates after capture. |
| Bear River Massacre | 1863 Jan 29 | Franklin County | Idaho | more than 350 | Military attack on a North Shoshone encampment described as the largest single episode of genocide in the western United States |
| Lawrence massacre | 1863 Aug 21 | Douglas County | Kansas | 185–200 | Pro-Confederate Guerrillas killed civilians and burned a quarter of the town. |
| Baxter Springs Massacre | 1863 Oct 6 | Cherokee County | Kansas | 115 | Convoy of Union soldiers led by James B. Pond who were ambushed by Confederate raiders under the command of William C. Quantrill. Many of the convoy were massacred as they tried to surrender. |
| Fort Pillow massacre | 1864 Apr 12 | Henning | Tennessee | 277–297 | Black Union troops were killed by Forrest's Cavalry Corps while trying to surrender. |
| Centralia massacre | 1864 Sep 27 | Centralia | Missouri | 24 | Unarmed U . soldiers murdered by their Confederate captors including Jesse James. 123 killed in ensuing Battle of Centralia. |
| Saltville massacre | 1864 Oct 2–3 | Saltville | Virginia | 45–50 | Wounded/captured Federal black troops by Confederate soldiers and guerrillas. |
| Sand Creek massacre | 1864 Nov 29 | Kiowa County | Colorado | 100–600 | massacre of Cheyenne and Arapaho people by the U . Army. |
| Memphis massacre | 1866 May 1-3 | Memphis | Tennessee | 48 | Massacre of the black community of Memphis by white mobs and police officers. |
| New Orleans massacre | 1866 Jul 30 | New Orleans | Louisiana | 38-204 | Peaceful demonstration of mostly black Freedmen attack by white rioters, many of whom were former soldiers of the recently defeated Confederate States of America. |
| Camilla massacre | 1868 Sep 23 | Camilla | Georgia | 9–15 | Attack by the Ku Klux Klan on a gathering of Black republicans. |
| Opelousas Massacre | 1868 Sep 28 | Opelousas | Louisiana | 35+ | African Americans from Opelousas attempted to join the local Democratic party which was controlled by whites. The African Americans were rejected for membership and the white Democrats then subsequently went on a hunt for African Americans. In the end an estimated 200–300 African Americans were killed. |
| Marias Massacre | 1870 Jan 23 | Marias River, Montana Territory | Montana | 173–217 | Friendly band of Piegan Blackfeet killed against orders by Eugene Mortimer Baker in retaliation for the Murder of Malcolm Clarke by a member of a different Band of Piegan Blackfeet |
| Chinese massacre | 1871 Oct 24 | Los Angeles, California | California | >18 | Killed by hanging and unknown injured in mob violence against people and property in Chinatown. |
| Goingsnake massacre | 1872 Apr 15 | Tahlequah | Indian Territory (present-day Oklahoma) | 11 | Died in a shoot out in a crowded courtroom, the dead included 8 Deputy US Marshals and 3 Cherokee citizens. Six Cherokee were wounded including the defendant and the judge. |
| Colfax massacre | 1873 Apr 13 | Colfax | Louisiana | 83–153 | Black people killed at courthouse and as prisoners afterwards. |
| Coushatta massacre | 1874 Aug | Coushatta | Louisiana | 11–26 | Six whites, remainder black killed as political intimidation. |
| Election riot of 1874 | 1874 Nov 3 | Eufaula | Alabama | 8 | 70 injured. White League Democrats drove African American Republicans from the polls. |
| Hamburg massacre | 1876 Jul 4 | Hamburg | South Carolina | 7 | Town looted in a racially motivated incident during Reconstruction. |
| Ellenton massacre | 1876 Sep 15-16 | Aiken County | South Carolina | 25–100 | Racially motivated killings after the alleged attack on a white woman. |
| Chico Chinese Massacre | 1877 Mar 14 | Chico | California | 4 | A group of armed white men from a labor union fired upon Chinese workers, killing four and wounding at least two others. The next day, the town's Chinatown was burned. |
| Guadalupe Canyon massacre | 1881 Aug 13 | Guadalupe Mountains | Arizona Territory | 5 | 1 wounded; cowboys ambushed while sleeping. Perpetrators disputed. |
| Rock Springs massacre | 1885 Sep 2 | Rock Springs | Wyoming | 28 | 15 injured in a racial dispute between white and Chinese miners. |
| Haymarket affair | 1886 May 4 | Chicago | Illinois | 11 | More than 130 injured by dynamite bomb and crossfire of bullets during a FOTLU rally for an eight-hour work day. |
| Bay View massacre | 1886 May 5 | Bay View | Wisconsin | 7 | Knights of Labor protesters killed by National Guardsmen. |
| Chinese Massacre Cove | 1887 May | Wallowa County | Oregon | 10–34 | Chinese gold miners ambushed and murdered by a gang of horse thieves. |
| Thibodaux massacre | 1887 Nov 22 | Thibodaux | Louisiana | >35 | Perhaps as many as 300 killed, 5+ injuries to striking black sugar-cane workers. |
| 1891 New Orleans lynchings | 1891, Mar 14 | New Orleans | Louisiana | 11 | A lynch mob storms the Old Parish Prison and lynches 11 Italians who had been found not guilty of the murder of Police Chief David Hennessy. |
| Lattimer massacre | 1897 Sep 10 | Lattimer | Pennsylvania | 19 | Coal miners killed by sheriff's posse. |
| Wilmington Massacre of 1898 | 1898 Nov 10 | Wilmington | North Carolina | 60–300 | A mob of 2000 white men armed from the looted Wilmington armory, led by white supremacist and Democratic politician Alfred Moore Waddell burnt down The Daily Record newspaper building, destroyed numerous black-owned properties, and murdered somewhere between 60 and 300 Black residents of Wilmington. |
| The 1906 Atlanta Race Massacre | 1906 Sep 22 -24 | Atlanta | Georgia | 27+ | Racially motivated massacre against African Americans. |
References
- A Fair Account of the Late Unhappy Disturbance at Bostonhttps://archive.org/details/cihm_20439
- Historical Dictionary of American Propaganda. Martin J. Manning, p. 33
- Kleber, John E., editor. The Long Run Massacre, The Kentucky Encyclopedia. University Press of Kentucky, 1992
- Mormon Historical Studieshttps://search.worldcat.org/oclc/722375475
- "The Mier Expedition by George Lord"https://web.archive.org/web/20101205165203/http://www.tamu.edu/ccbn/dewitt/mierlord.htm
- wwwhttps://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/dawson-massacre
- Open accesshttps://www.tsl.texas.gov/lobbyexhibits/mier#:~:text=On%20March%2025%2C%201843%2C%20in,Perote%20Castle%20in%20Vera%20Cruz.
- Hutcheon, Wallace S., Jr., The Louisville Riots of August 1855. Register of the Kentucky Historical Society, 69 (1971),
- PBS Online. People & Events: Pottawatomie Massacre "John Brown's Holy War." The American Experience. WGBH, 1999, accessdhttps://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/brown-pottawatomie-massacre/
- Reynolds, David S. John Brown, Abolitionist: The Man Who Killed Slavery, Sparked the Civil War, and Seeded Civil Rights.
- Kansas Historical Society. Marais des Cygnes Massacre site, June 2011, accessdate December 28, 2012.http://www.kshs.org/kansapedia/marais-des-cygnes-massacre-site/11870
- Sunderwith, Richard, The Burning of Osceola, Missourihttp://www.osceolamochamber.com/theburning/index.htm
- Paludan, Philip S. 1981. Victims: A True Story of the Civil War. Knoxville, Tennessee, The University of Tennessee Press
- Christensen, Scott R. (1999). Sagwitch: Shoshone Chieftain, Mormon Elder (1822–1887). Logan, Utah: Utah State University
- Goodrich, Thomas. Bloody Dawn: The Story of the Lawrence Massacre. Kent State University Press December 12, 1992. 978-08
- Quantrell, Charles W., A History of His Guerrilla Warfare on the Missouri And Kansas Border During the Civil War, Kessinhttps://books.google.com/books?id=Z6xeUbQcchMC&pg=PA175
- ""Was there a Saltville Massacre in 1864?" David Brown's analysis"http://home.comcast.net/~5thuscc/massacr.htm
- Battle at Sand Creek
- Reports of Committees: 16th Congress, 1st Session - 49th Congress, 1st Sessionhttps://books.google.com/books?id=ep8FAAAAQAAJ&dq=House+Select+Committee+on+the+Memphis+Riots.+1866.+%27%27Memphis+riots+and+massacres.%27%27&pg=PA1
- NOLAhttps://www.nola.com/entertainment_life/home_garden/1866-new-orleans-massacre-remembered-as-a-city-led-racial-attack-a-year-after-the/article_cd1cc7c6-ba2c-11ea-b192-5b1025367184.html