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List of main battle tanks by generation

Updated: 5/20/2026, 7:02:24 PM Wikipedia source

Like jet fighter generations, main battle tanks are often classified as belonging to a particular generation, although the actual definition and membership in these generations are not defined. Typically, generations are defined either by the time of their introduction or technological advancements, such as new armour technologies, the introduction of new electronic sub-systems and more powerful guns.

Tables

· List of main battle tanks by generation
M47 Patton
M47 Patton
Name
M47 Patton
Year entered service
1951
Origin
United States
No. built
8,576
Mass (tonnes)
41 t
Engine power
750-810 hp
Generation
1st (Hilmes, Kopeć)
M48 Patton
M48 Patton
Name
M48 Patton
Year entered service
1952
Origin
United States
No. built
~12,000
Mass (tonnes)
44 t
Engine power
750-825 hp
Generation
1st (Hilmes, Lamontagne, Kopeć)
Notes
Hilmes also considers the A1 and A2 models first generation MBTs
Centurion
Centurion
Name
Centurion
Year entered service
1945
Origin
United Kingdom
No. built
4,423
Mass (tonnes)
51 t
Engine power
650 hp
Generation
1st (Hilmes, Kopeć, Lamontagne)
T-44
T-44
Name
T-44
Year entered service
1944
Origin
Soviet Union
No. built
1,823
Mass (tonnes)
32 t
Engine power
520 hp
Generation
1st (Hilmes)
T-54
T-54
Name
T-54
Year entered service
1948
Origin
Soviet Union
No. built
~87,000
Mass (tonnes)
36 t
Engine power
520-800 hp
Generation
1st (Hilmes, Kopeć)
Type 59
Type 59
Name
Type 59
Year entered service
1959
Origin
People's Republic China
No. built
9,500
Mass (tonnes)
36 t
Engine power
520 hp
Generation
1st (Hilmes)
Type 61
Type 61
Name
Type 61
Year entered service
1961
Origin
Japan
No. built
560
Mass (tonnes)
35 t
Engine power
570 hp
Generation
1st (Hilmes, Kopeć)
M60
M60
Name
M60
Year entered service
1959
Origin
United States
No. built
2,205
Mass (tonnes)
46 t
Engine power
750 hp
Generation
1st (Lamontagne)2nd (Hilmes, Kopeć)
M60A1
M60A1
Name
M60A1
Year entered service
1961
Origin
United States
No. built
7,948
Mass (tonnes)
47 t
Engine power
750 hp
Generation
2nd (Hilmes)
Chieftain
Chieftain
Name
Chieftain
Year entered service
1966
Origin
United Kingdom
No. built
1,896
Mass (tonnes)
55 t
Engine power
750 hp
Generation
1st (Lamontagne) 2nd (Hilmes, Kopeć)
Vickers Mk. 1 Vijayanta
Vickers Mk. 1 Vijayanta
Name
Vickers Mk. 1 Vijayanta
Year entered service
1965
Origin
United Kingdom
No. built
2,270
Mass (tonnes)
39 t
Engine power
535 hp
Generation
2nd (Hilmes )
T-62
T-62
Name
T-62
Year entered service
1961
Origin
Soviet Union
No. built
more than 22,700
Mass (tonnes)
37 t
Engine power
580-620 hp
Generation
2nd (Hilmes, Kopeć)
AMX-30
AMX-30
Name
AMX-30
Year entered service
1966
Origin
France
No. built
3,571
Mass (tonnes)
36 t
Engine power
680-720 hp
Generation
2nd (Hilmes, Kopeć)
Leopard 1
Leopard 1
Name
Leopard 1
Year entered service
1965
Origin
West-Germany
No. built
4,744
Mass (tonnes)
42 t
Engine power
830 hp
Generation
1st (Lamontagne)2nd (Hilmes, Kopeć, Lenzin et al.)
Notes
Hilmes also considered the A1, A2, and A3 second generation MBTs
Panzer 61
Panzer 61
Name
Panzer 61
Year entered service
1965
Origin
Switzerland
No. built
150
Mass (tonnes)
39 t
Engine power
630 hp
Generation
2nd (Hilmes, Kopeć, Lenzin et al.)
Stridsvagn 103
Stridsvagn 103
Name
Stridsvagn 103
Year entered service
1967
Origin
Sweden
No. built
290
Mass (tonnes)
42 t
Engine power
290 hp (diesel) + 489 hp (gas turbine)
Generation
2nd (Hilmes, Kopeć, Lenzin et al.)3rd (Hegedűs et al)
M60A2
M60A2
Name
M60A2
Year entered service
1973
Origin
United States
No. built
526-540
Mass (tonnes)
47 t
Engine power
750 hp
Generation
1st Zwischengeneration (Hilmes, Lenzin et al.)
M60A3
M60A3
Name
M60A3
Year entered service
1979
Origin
United States
No. built
~5,400
Mass (tonnes)
49 t
Engine power
750 hp
Generation
1st Zwischengeneration (Hilmes, Lenzin et al.)
Vickers Mk. 3
Vickers Mk. 3
Name
Vickers Mk. 3
Year entered service
1977
Origin
United Kingdom
No. built
226
Mass (tonnes)
39 t
Engine power
720 hp
Generation
1st Zwischengeneration (Hilmes)
T-64
T-64
Name
T-64
Year entered service
1966
Origin
Soviet Union
No. built
~13,000
Mass (tonnes)
38-42 t
Engine power
700 hp
Generation
1st Zwischengeneration (Hilmes)Generation 2+ (Kopeć)
Notes
Hilmes also considers the T-64A to be a tank of the 1st ZwischengenerationProduction number for all variants.
T-72
T-72
Name
T-72
Year entered service
1973
Origin
Soviet Union
No. built
~25,000
Mass (tonnes)
41-44 t
Engine power
780-840 hp
Generation
1st Zwischengeneration (Hilmes, Lenzin et al.)2nd (Hegedűs et al. )Generation 2+ (Kopeć)
Notes
Production number for all variants
AMX-30B2
AMX-30B2
Name
AMX-30B2
Year entered service
1979
Origin
France
No. built
700
Mass (tonnes)
37 t
Engine power
720 hp
Generation
1st Zwischengeneration (Hilmes, Lenzin et al.)
Leopard 1A4
Leopard 1A4
Name
Leopard 1A4
Year entered service
1974
Origin
Germany
No. built
250
Mass (tonnes)
42 t
Engine power
830 hp
Generation
1st Zwischengeneration (Hilmes, Lenzin et al.)
OF-40
OF-40
Name
OF-40
Year entered service
1977
Origin
Italy
No. built
39
Mass (tonnes)
45 t
Engine power
830 hp
Generation
1st Zwischengeneration (Hilmes)
Panzer 68
Panzer 68
Name
Panzer 68
Year entered service
1971
Origin
Switzerland
No. built
390
Mass (tonnes)
40 t
Engine power
660 hp
Generation
1st Zwischengeneration (Hilmes)
Type 74
Type 74
Name
Type 74
Year entered service
1975
Origin
Japan
No. built
873
Mass (tonnes)
38 t
Engine power
750 hp
Generation
1st Zwischengeneration (Hilmes)
Merkava 1
Merkava 1
Name
Merkava 1
Year entered service
1979
Origin
Israel
No. built
250
Mass (tonnes)
61 t
Engine power
908 hp
Generation
1st Zwischengeneration (Hilmes)
Merkava 2
Merkava 2
Name
Merkava 2
Year entered service
1983
Origin
Israel
No. built
580
Mass (tonnes)
62 t
Engine power
950 hp
Generation
1st Zwischengeneration (Hilmes)Generation 2+ (Kopeć)
Tanque Argentino Mediano
Tanque Argentino Mediano
Name
Tanque Argentino Mediano
Year entered service
1983
Origin
Argentina West-Germany
No. built
280
Mass (tonnes)
30 t
Engine power
720 hp
Generation
1st Zwischengeneration (Hilmes)
T-64B
T-64B
Name
T-64B
Year entered service
1976
Origin
Soviet Union
No. built
~6,000
Mass (tonnes)
40 t
Engine power
700 hp
Generation
2nd Zwischengeneration (Hilmes, Lenzin et al.)
T-80
T-80
Name
T-80
Year entered service
1976
Origin
Soviet Union
No. built
more than 5,500
Mass (tonnes)
42 t
Engine power
1,000 hp
Generation
2nd Zwischengeneration (Hilmes, Lenzin et al.)3rd (Kopeć, Hegedűs et al.)
T-80B
T-80B
Name
T-80B
Year entered service
1978
Origin
Soviet Union
No. built
more than 3,000
Mass (tonnes)
42-43 t
Engine power
1,000-1,100 hp
Generation
2nd Zwischengeneration (Hilmes)
Type 85
Type 85
Name
Type 85
Year entered service
1988
Origin
People's Republic of China
No. built
~300
Mass (tonnes)
44 t
Engine power
730 - 790 hp
Generation
2nd Zwischengeneration (Hilmes, Lenzin)
Leopard 1A5
Leopard 1A5
Name
Leopard 1A5
Year entered service
1986
Origin
West-Germany
No. built
1,587
Mass (tonnes)
42 t
Engine power
830 hp
Generation
2nd Zwischengeneration (Hilmes)
Panzer 68/88
Panzer 68/88
Name
Panzer 68/88
Year entered service
1988
Origin
Switzerland
No. built
195
Mass (tonnes)
41 t
Engine power
660 hp
Generation
2nd Zwischengeneration (Hilmes, Lenzin et al)
Merkava 3
Merkava 3
Name
Merkava 3
Year entered service
1989
Origin
Israel
No. built
780
Mass (tonnes)
63 t
Engine power
1,200 hp
Generation
2nd Zwischengeneration (Hilmes)3rd (Kopeć)
M1 Abrams
M1 Abrams
Name
M1 Abrams
Year entered service
1980
Origin
United States
No. built
3,268
Mass (tonnes)
54 t
Engine power
1,500 hp
Generation
3rd (Hilmes, Kopeć)
M1A1 Abrams
M1A1 Abrams
Name
M1A1 Abrams
Year entered service
1981
Origin
United States
No. built
5,000-5,800
Mass (tonnes)
57 t
Engine power
1,500 hp
Generation
2nd (Lamontagne)3rd (Hilmes)
Challenger 1
Challenger 1
Name
Challenger 1
Year entered service
1984
Origin
United Kingdom
No. built
420
Mass (tonnes)
62 t
Engine power
1,200 hp
Generation
1st (Hegedűs et al)2nd (Lamontagne)3rd (Hilmes, Kopeć)
Challenger 2
Challenger 2
Name
Challenger 2
Year entered service
1998
Origin
United Kingdom
No. built
447
Mass (tonnes)
64 t
Engine power
1,200 hp
Generation
3rd (Hilmes) 3rd Zwischengeneration (Lenzin et al.)4th (Kholyavasky)
T-80U/UD
T-80U/UD
Name
T-80U/UD
Year entered service
1985-87
Origin
Soviet Union
No. built
~1,600
Mass (tonnes)
46 t
Engine power
1,000-1,200 hp
Generation
2nd Zwischengeneration (Lenzin et al.)3rd (Hilmes)
Leopard 2
Leopard 2
Name
Leopard 2
Year entered service
1979
Origin
West-Germany
No. built
~3,600
Mass (tonnes)
55 t
Engine power
1,500 hp
Generation
1st (Hegedűs et al.)2nd (Lamontagne )3rd (Hilmes, Kopeć)
Type 90
Type 90
Name
Type 90
Year entered service
1990
Origin
Japan
No. built
341
Mass (tonnes)
50 t
Engine power
1,500 hp
Generation
3rd (Hilmes, Kopeć)
C1 Ariete
C1 Ariete
Name
C1 Ariete
Year entered service
1995
Origin
Italy
No. built
200
Mass (tonnes)
54 t
Engine power
1,270 hp
Generation
3rd (Hilmes, Kopeć) 4th (Lenzin et al.)
Type 98
Type 98
Name
Type 98
Year entered service
1999
Origin
People's Republic of China
No. built
~40
Mass (tonnes)
51 t
Engine power
1,200 hp
Generation
3rd (Hilmes)
K1 Type 88
K1 Type 88
Name
K1 Type 88
Year entered service
1987
Origin
South Korea
No. built
1,511
Mass (tonnes)
51-55 t
Engine power
1 hp
Generation
3rd (Hilmes, Kopeć)
Leclerc
Leclerc
Name
Leclerc
Year entered service
1992
Origin
France
No. built
~862
Mass (tonnes)
54 t
Engine power
1,500 hp
Generation
2nd (Hegedűs et al.) 3rd (Lamontagne, Kopeć)4th (Hilmes, Lenzin et al.)
M1A2 Abrams
M1A2 Abrams
Name
M1A2 Abrams
Year entered service
1992
Origin
United States
No. built
1,500-1,700
Mass (tonnes)
62 t
Engine power
1,500hp
Generation
3rd (Lamontagne) 3rd Zwischengeneration (Hilmes, Lenzin et al.)4th (Kholyavasky)
M1A2 SEP v1
M1A2 SEP v1
Name
M1A2 SEP v1
Year entered service
1999
Origin
United States
No. built
600+
Mass (tonnes)
63 t
Engine power
1,500 hp
Generation
3rd Zwischengeneration (Hilmes)
Leopard 2A5/A6
Leopard 2A5/A6
Name
Leopard 2A5/A6
Year entered service
1995
Origin
Germany
No. built
1,164
Mass (tonnes)
59-64 t
Engine power
1,500 hp
Generation
3rd (Lamontagne) 3rd Zwischengeneration (Hilmes, Lenzin et al.)4th (Kholyavasky)
T-84
T-84
Name
T-84
Year entered service
1999
Origin
Ukraine
No. built
10
Mass (tonnes)
46 t
Engine power
1,200 hp
Generation
3rd Zwischengeneration (Hilmes)
T-90
T-90
Name
T-90
Year entered service
1992
Origin
Russia
No. built
~120
Mass (tonnes)
46 t
Engine power
840 hp
Generation
3rd (Kholyavasky)3rd Zwischengeneration (Hilmes, Lenzin et al.)
PT-91 Twardy
PT-91 Twardy
Name
PT-91 Twardy
Year entered service
1993
Origin
Poland
No. built
~285
Mass (tonnes)
46 t
Engine power
1,000 hp
Generation
3rd Zwischengeneration (Lenzin et al.)
Type 99
Type 99
Name
Type 99
Year entered service
2001
Origin
People's Republic of China
No. built
~1,300
Mass (tonnes)
51 t
Engine power
1,500 hp
Generation
3rd Zwischengeneration (Lenzin et al.)
Al-Khalid
Al-Khalid
Name
Al-Khalid
Year entered service
2001
Origin
Pakistan
No. built
~300
Mass (tonnes)
46 t
Engine power
1,200 hp
Generation
3rd Zwischengeneration (Hilmes, Lenzin et al.)
Arjun Mk. 1
Arjun Mk. 1
Name
Arjun Mk. 1
Year entered service
2004
Origin
India
No. built
124
Mass (tonnes)
58 t
Engine power
1,400 hp
Generation
3rd Zwischengeneration (Lenzin et al.)
Merkava 4
Merkava 4
Name
Merkava 4
Year entered service
2004
Origin
Israel
No. built
320
Mass (tonnes)
65 t
Engine power
1,500 hp
Generation
3rd (Kopeć)3rd Zwischengeneration (Hilmes, Lenzin et. al)
T-14 Armata
T-14 Armata
Name
T-14 Armata
Year entered service
2021
Origin
Russia
No. built
less than 100
Mass (tonnes)
55 t
Engine power
1,500 hp
Generation
5th (Lenzin et al.)
K2 Black Panther
K2 Black Panther
Name
K2 Black Panther
Year entered service
2014
Origin
South Korea
No. built
more than 440
Mass (tonnes)
55-58 t
Engine power
1,500 hp
Generation
5th (Lenzin et al.)
Type 10
Type 10
Name
Type 10
Year entered service
2012
Origin
Japan
No. built
117
Mass (tonnes)
44 t
Engine power
1,200 hp
Generation
5th (Lenzin et al.)
Altay
Altay
Name
Altay
Year entered service
2025
Origin
Turkey
No. built
5
Mass (tonnes)
65 t
Engine power
1,500 hp
Generation
5th (Lenzin et al.)
Type 99A
Type 99A
Name
Type 99A
Year entered service
2011
Origin
People's Republic of China
No. built
1,300
Mass (tonnes)
55 t
Engine power
1,500 hp
Generation
4th Zwischengeneration (Lenzin et al.)
Arjun Mk. 2
Arjun Mk. 2
Name
Arjun Mk. 2
Year entered service
-
Origin
India
No. built
-
Mass (tonnes)
68 t
Engine power
1,400 hp
Generation
4th Zwischengeneration (Lenzin et al.)
M1A2 SEP v3 Abrams
M1A2 SEP v3 Abrams
Name
M1A2 SEP v3 Abrams
Year entered service
2017
Origin
United States
No. built
690
Mass (tonnes)
66 t
Engine power
1,500 hp
Generation
4th Zwischengeneration (Lenzin et al.)
Leopard 2A7
Leopard 2A7
Name
Leopard 2A7
Year entered service
2014
Origin
Germany
No. built
254
Mass (tonnes)
63-67 t
Engine power
1,500 hp
Generation
4th Zwischengeneration (Lenzin et al.)
T-72B3
T-72B3
Name
T-72B3
Year entered service
2013
Origin
Russia
No. built
1,000 - 1,700
Mass (tonnes)
46-47 t
Engine power
1,130hp
Generation
4th Zwischengeneration (Lenzin et al.)
T-80BVM
T-80BVM
Name
T-80BVM
Year entered service
2018
Origin
Russia
No. built
250-300
Mass (tonnes)
46-48 t
Engine power
1,260 hp
Generation
4th Zwischengeneration (Lenzin et al.)
T-90M
T-90M
Name
T-90M
Year entered service
2020
Origin
Russia
No. built
100+
Mass (tonnes)
52 t
Engine power
1,130 hp
Generation
4th Zwischengeneration (Lenzin et al.)
Name
Year entered service
Origin
No. built
Mass (tonnes)
Engine power
Generation
Notes
M47 Patton
1951
United States
8,576
41 t
750-810 hp
1st (Hilmes, Kopeć)
M48 Patton
1952
United States
~12,000
44 t
750-825 hp
1st (Hilmes, Lamontagne, Kopeć)
Hilmes also considers the A1 and A2 models first generation MBTs
Centurion
1945
United Kingdom
4,423
51 t
650 hp
1st (Hilmes, Kopeć, Lamontagne)
T-44
1944
Soviet Union
1,823
32 t
520 hp
1st (Hilmes)
T-54
1948
Soviet Union
~87,000
36 t
520-800 hp
1st (Hilmes, Kopeć)
Type 59
1959
People's Republic China
9,500
36 t
520 hp
1st (Hilmes)
Type 61
1961
Japan
560
35 t
570 hp
1st (Hilmes, Kopeć)
M60
1959
United States
2,205
46 t
750 hp
1st (Lamontagne)2nd (Hilmes, Kopeć)
M60A1
1961
United States
7,948
47 t
750 hp
2nd (Hilmes)
Chieftain
1966
United Kingdom
1,896
55 t
750 hp
1st (Lamontagne) 2nd (Hilmes, Kopeć)
Vickers Mk. 1 Vijayanta
1965
United Kingdom
2,270
39 t
535 hp
2nd (Hilmes )
T-62
1961
Soviet Union
more than 22,700
37 t
580-620 hp
2nd (Hilmes, Kopeć)
AMX-30
1966
France
3,571
36 t
680-720 hp
2nd (Hilmes, Kopeć)
Leopard 1
1965
West-Germany
4,744
42 t
830 hp
1st (Lamontagne)2nd (Hilmes, Kopeć, Lenzin et al.)
Hilmes also considered the A1, A2, and A3 second generation MBTs
Panzer 61
1965
Switzerland
150
39 t
630 hp
2nd (Hilmes, Kopeć, Lenzin et al.)
Stridsvagn 103
1967
Sweden
290
42 t
290 hp (diesel) + 489 hp (gas turbine)
2nd (Hilmes, Kopeć, Lenzin et al.)3rd (Hegedűs et al)
M60A2
1973
United States
526-540
47 t
750 hp
1st Zwischengeneration (Hilmes, Lenzin et al.)
M60A3
1979
United States
~5,400
49 t
750 hp
1st Zwischengeneration (Hilmes, Lenzin et al.)
Vickers Mk. 3
1977
United Kingdom
226
39 t
720 hp
1st Zwischengeneration (Hilmes)
T-64
1966
Soviet Union
~13,000
38-42 t
700 hp
1st Zwischengeneration (Hilmes)Generation 2+ (Kopeć)
Hilmes also considers the T-64A to be a tank of the 1st ZwischengenerationProduction number for all variants.
T-72
1973
Soviet Union
~25,000
41-44 t
780-840 hp
1st Zwischengeneration (Hilmes, Lenzin et al.)2nd (Hegedűs et al. )Generation 2+ (Kopeć)
Production number for all variants
AMX-30B2
1979
France
700
37 t
720 hp
1st Zwischengeneration (Hilmes, Lenzin et al.)
Leopard 1A4
1974
Germany
250
42 t
830 hp
1st Zwischengeneration (Hilmes, Lenzin et al.)
OF-40
1977
Italy
39
45 t
830 hp
1st Zwischengeneration (Hilmes)
Panzer 68
1971
Switzerland
390
40 t
660 hp
1st Zwischengeneration (Hilmes)
Type 74
1975
Japan
873
38 t
750 hp
1st Zwischengeneration (Hilmes)
Merkava 1
1979
Israel
250
61 t
908 hp
1st Zwischengeneration (Hilmes)
Merkava 2
1983
Israel
580
62 t
950 hp
1st Zwischengeneration (Hilmes)Generation 2+ (Kopeć)
Tanque Argentino Mediano
1983
Argentina West-Germany
280
30 t
720 hp
1st Zwischengeneration (Hilmes)
T-64B
1976
Soviet Union
~6,000
40 t
700 hp
2nd Zwischengeneration (Hilmes, Lenzin et al.)
T-80
1976
Soviet Union
more than 5,500
42 t
1,000 hp
2nd Zwischengeneration (Hilmes, Lenzin et al.)3rd (Kopeć, Hegedűs et al.)
T-80B
1978
Soviet Union
more than 3,000
42-43 t
1,000-1,100 hp
2nd Zwischengeneration (Hilmes)
Type 85
1988
People's Republic of China
~300
44 t
730 - 790 hp
2nd Zwischengeneration (Hilmes, Lenzin)
Leopard 1A5
1986
West-Germany
1,587
42 t
830 hp
2nd Zwischengeneration (Hilmes)
Panzer 68/88
1988
Switzerland
195
41 t
660 hp
2nd Zwischengeneration (Hilmes, Lenzin et al)
Merkava 3
1989
Israel
780
63 t
1,200 hp
2nd Zwischengeneration (Hilmes)3rd (Kopeć)
M1 Abrams
1980
United States
3,268
54 t
1,500 hp
3rd (Hilmes, Kopeć)
M1A1 Abrams
1981
United States
5,000-5,800
57 t
1,500 hp
2nd (Lamontagne)3rd (Hilmes)
Challenger 1
1984
United Kingdom
420
62 t
1,200 hp
1st (Hegedűs et al)2nd (Lamontagne)3rd (Hilmes, Kopeć)
Challenger 2
1998
United Kingdom
447
64 t
1,200 hp
3rd (Hilmes) 3rd Zwischengeneration (Lenzin et al.)4th (Kholyavasky)
T-80U/UD
1985-87
Soviet Union
~1,600
46 t
1,000-1,200 hp
2nd Zwischengeneration (Lenzin et al.)3rd (Hilmes)
Leopard 2
1979
West-Germany
~3,600
55 t
1,500 hp
1st (Hegedűs et al.)2nd (Lamontagne )3rd (Hilmes, Kopeć)
Type 90
1990
Japan
341
50 t
1,500 hp
3rd (Hilmes, Kopeć)
C1 Ariete
1995
Italy
200
54 t
1,270 hp
3rd (Hilmes, Kopeć) 4th (Lenzin et al.)
Type 98
1999
People's Republic of China
~40
51 t
1,200 hp
3rd (Hilmes)
K1 Type 88
1987
South Korea
1,511
51-55 t
1 hp
3rd (Hilmes, Kopeć)
Leclerc
1992
France
~862
54 t
1,500 hp
2nd (Hegedűs et al.) 3rd (Lamontagne, Kopeć)4th (Hilmes, Lenzin et al.)
M1A2 Abrams
1992
United States
1,500-1,700
62 t
1,500hp
3rd (Lamontagne) 3rd Zwischengeneration (Hilmes, Lenzin et al.)4th (Kholyavasky)
M1A2 SEP v1
1999
United States
600+
63 t
1,500 hp
3rd Zwischengeneration (Hilmes)

References

  1. Are the days of the main battle tank over?
  2. The National Interest
    https://nationalinterest.org/blog/buzz/china-just-unveiled-fourth-generation-tank-world-war-ii-victory-parade-ps-090425
  3. Hilmes, Rolf (1983). Kampfpanzer der Die Entwickelungen der Nachkriegszeit (in German). Verlag Soldat und Technik. ISBN
  4. Hilmes 1983, p. 8.
  5. Kampfpanzer heute und morgen: Konzepte - Systeme - Technologien
  6. Полная энциклопедия танков мира. 1915-2000
  7. Полная энциклопедия танков мира. 1915-2000
  8. Przemysł zbrojeniowy: Tendencje, perspektywy, uwarunkowania, innowacje
    https://rep.up.krakow.pl/xmlui/handle/11716/3143
  9. A légideszant II. Ejtőernyős-, helikopteres- és repülőgépes deszantok a modernkori hadviselésben (1945-2010)
  10. Katonai Logisztika
  11. Die großen Panzerschlachten: von Cambrai bis Desert Storm
  12. Schweizer Soldat
  13. Przemysł zbrojeniowy: Tendencje, perspektywy, uwarunkowania, innowacje
    https://rep.up.krakow.pl/xmlui/handle/11716/3143
  14. Przemysł zbrojeniowy: Tendencje, perspektywy, uwarunkowania, innowacje
    https://rep.up.krakow.pl/xmlui/handle/11716/3143
  15. Kampfpanzer heute und morgen: Konzepte - Systeme - Technologien
  16. Die großen Panzerschlachten: von Cambrai bis Desert Storm
  17. Die großen Panzerschlachten: von Cambrai bis Desert Storm
  18. Kampfpanzer heute und morgen: Konzepte - Systeme - Technologien
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