List of largest domes
Updated: 11/6/2025, 1:58:29 AM Wikipedia source
A dome is a self-supporting structural element of architecture that resembles the hollow upper half of a sphere. Every dome in the world which was the largest-diameter dome of its time is listed. Notes:
Each structure is only described in detail once (the appearance closest to the top of the page), even if it appears on multiple lists. A link to the row where the structure is described in detail is provided. The dimension given is the inner diameter (also called inside diameter, or clear span). The thickness of the dome is not included. If the inner diameter of a dome is not available, a footnote follows the structure's name. If a dome has an elliptical rather than circular shape, the dome's shorter dimension (i.e. width) is used for ranking, and, contra convention, its dimensions are listed as width × length, rather than length × width. If the structure is part of a well-known complex of buildings, the name of the entire site is listed first, with the name of the dome structure listed in small text below. These lists exclude structures that are not self-supporting, such as The O2 in London which is 365 m (1,200 ft) in diameter but is supported by masts. The name of a structure used is the name it had when it was constructed or first opened. This is particularly relevant regarding stadiums.
Tables
· Chronology of the largest dome
Treasury of Atreus
Treasury of Atreus
Held record
1250 BC – 1st century BC
Diameter
14.5
Diameter
47.6
Name
Treasury of Atreus
Location
Mycenae, Greece
Builder
City-state of Mycenae
Notes
Corbel dome
Temple of Mercury
Temple of Mercury
Held record
1st century BC – 19 BC
Diameter
21.55
Diameter
70.70
Name
Temple of Mercury
Location
Baiae, Italy
Builder
Roman Empire
Notes
First monumental dome
Baths of AgrippaArco della Ciambella
Baths of AgrippaArco della Ciambella
Held record
19 BC – start of 2nd century AD*
Diameter
25
Diameter
82
Name
Baths of AgrippaArco della Ciambella
Location
Rome, Italy
Builder
Roman Empire
Notes
First thermae in Rome with a domed central building
Baths of Trajan
Baths of Trajan
Held record
Start of 2nd century AD – 128*
Diameter
30
Diameter
100
Name
Baths of Trajan
Location
Rome, Italy
Builder
Roman Empire
Notes
Half dome
Pantheon
Pantheon
Held record
128–1436
Diameter
43.4
Diameter
142
Name
Pantheon
Location
Rome, Italy
Builder
Roman Empire
Notes
Largest unreinforced solid concrete dome in the world. Archetype of Western dome construction.
Florence Cathedral
Florence Cathedral
Held record
1436–1871
Diameter
45.5
Diameter
149
Name
Florence Cathedral
Location
Florence, Italy
Builder
City-state of Florence
Notes
Largest brick and mortar dome in the world. First double-dome structure of the Renaissance. Octagonal dome. Architect Filippo Brunelleschi.
Royal Albert Hall
Royal Albert Hall
Held record
1871–1873
Diameter
56.5 × 66.9
Diameter
185+1⁄3 × 219+1⁄3
Name
Royal Albert Hall
Location
London, United Kingdom
Builder
Lucas Brothers
Notes
Wrought iron and glazed (glass) elliptical dome. Architects Captain Francis Fowke and Henry Young Darracott Scott.
Rotunde
Rotunde
Held record
1873–1937*
Diameter
101.7
Diameter
333.66
Name
Rotunde
Location
Vienna, Austria
Builder
Johann Caspar Harkort VI. [de]
Notes
Destroyed by a fire in 1937. Architect Baron Karl von Hasenauer.
Wholesale Market Leipzig [de; ru]
Wholesale Market Leipzig [de; ru]
Held record
1937–1955
Diameter
65.8
Diameter
216
Name
Wholesale Market Leipzig [de; ru]
Location
Leipzig, Germany
Builder
Dyckerhoff & Widmann
Notes
Reinforced concrete dome. Architect Franz Dischinger.
Charlotte Coliseum
Charlotte Coliseum
Held record
1955–1957
Diameter
101
Diameter
332+1⁄3
Name
Charlotte Coliseum
Location
Charlotte, United States
Builder
Thompson and Street
Notes
Structural steel dome. Architect Odell Associates.
Belgrade Fair – Hall 1
Belgrade Fair – Hall 1
Held record
1957–1963
Diameter
109
Diameter
358
Name
Belgrade Fair – Hall 1
Location
Belgrade, Serbia
Builder
Belgrade Fair in Construction
Notes
World's largest prestressed concrete dome
Assembly Hall
Assembly Hall
Held record
1963–1964
Diameter
122
Diameter
400
Name
Assembly Hall
Location
Champaign, United States
Builder
Felmley-Dickerson Co.
Notes
Reinforced concrete dome. Architect Max Abramovitz.
Astrodome
Astrodome
Held record
1964–1975
Diameter
196
Diameter
642
Name
Astrodome
Location
Houston, United States
Builder
H.A. Lott, Inc.
Notes
First domed stadium. First air-conditioned stadium. Structural steel dome (3,000 tons of structural steel). Architects Lloyd & Morgan, and Wilson, Morris, Crain and Anderson.
Louisiana Superdome
Louisiana Superdome
Held record
1975–1984
Diameter
207
Diameter
680
Name
Louisiana Superdome
Location
New Orleans, United States
Builder
Blount International
Notes
Structural steel construction (18,000 tons of structural steel in entire structure). Architects Curtis and Davis Architects and Engineers, Edward 8. Silverstein and Associates, and Nolan, Norman and Nolan.
Istra dome
Istra dome
Held record
1984–1985*
Diameter
236.5
Diameter
775.9
Name
Istra dome
Location
Istra, Russia
Builder
Glavspetsstroy [ru]
Notes
Steel construction (≈10,000 tons of steel and ≈363 tons of aluminum). Collapsed on 25 January 1985, later demolished.
Oita Stadium
Oita Stadium
Held record
2001–2013
Diameter
274
Diameter
899
Name
Oita Stadium
Location
Ōita, Japan
Builder
Takenaka Corporation, SATO BENEC, and Takayama Sogo Kogyo
Notes
Retractable steel roof (12,500 tonnes of steel). Architects Kisho Kurokawa Architect & Associates, Takenaka Corporation, Satobenec, and Takayama Sogo Kogyo.
Singapore National Stadium
Singapore National Stadium
Held record
since 2013
Diameter
312
Diameter
1,020
Name
Singapore National Stadium
Location
Singapore
Builder
Dragages
Notes
Retractable roof. Height of dome: 80 m (260 ft). Architect Arup Group.
| Held record | Diameter | Name | Location | Builder | Notes | References | |
| m | ft | ||||||
| 1250 BC – 1st century BC | 14.5 | 47.6 | Treasury of Atreus | Mycenae, Greece | City-state of Mycenae | Corbel dome | |
| 1st century BC – 19 BC | 21.55 | 70.70 | Temple of Mercury | Baiae, Italy | Roman Empire | First monumental dome | |
| 19 BC – start of 2nd century AD* | 25 | 82 | Baths of AgrippaArco della Ciambella | Rome, Italy | Roman Empire | First thermae in Rome with a domed central building | |
| Start of 2nd century AD – 128* | 30 | 100 | Baths of Trajan | Rome, Italy | Roman Empire | Half dome | |
| 128–1436 | 43.4 | 142 | Pantheon | Rome, Italy | Roman Empire | Largest unreinforced solid concrete dome in the world. Archetype of Western dome construction. | |
| 1436–1871 | 45.5 | 149 | Florence Cathedral | Florence, Italy | City-state of Florence | Largest brick and mortar dome in the world. First double-dome structure of the Renaissance. Octagonal dome. Architect Filippo Brunelleschi. | |
| 1871–1873 | 56.5 × 66.9 | 185+1⁄3 × 219+1⁄3 | Royal Albert Hall | London, United Kingdom | Lucas Brothers | Wrought iron and glazed (glass) elliptical dome. Architects Captain Francis Fowke and Henry Young Darracott Scott. | |
| 1873–1937* | 101.7 | 333.66 | Rotunde | Vienna, Austria | Johann Caspar Harkort VI. [de] | Destroyed by a fire in 1937. Architect Baron Karl von Hasenauer. | |
| 1937–1955 | 65.8 | 216 | Wholesale Market Leipzig [de; ru] | Leipzig, Germany | Dyckerhoff & Widmann | Reinforced concrete dome. Architect Franz Dischinger. | |
| 1955–1957 | 101 | 332+1⁄3 | Charlotte Coliseum | Charlotte, United States | Thompson and Street | Structural steel dome. Architect Odell Associates. | |
| 1957–1963 | 109 | 358 | Belgrade Fair – Hall 1 | Belgrade, Serbia | Belgrade Fair in Construction | World's largest prestressed concrete dome | |
| 1963–1964 | 122 | 400 | Assembly Hall | Champaign, United States | Felmley-Dickerson Co. | Reinforced concrete dome. Architect Max Abramovitz. | |
| 1964–1975 | 196 | 642 | Astrodome | Houston, United States | Lott, Inc. | First domed stadium. First air-conditioned stadium. Structural steel dome (3,000 tons of structural steel). Architects Lloyd & Morgan, and Wilson, Morris, Crain and Anderson. | |
| 1975–1984 | 207 | 680 | Louisiana Superdome | New Orleans, United States | Blount International | Structural steel construction (18,000 tons of structural steel in entire structure). Architects Curtis and Davis Architects and Engineers, Edward 8. Silverstein and Associates, and Nolan, Norman and Nolan. | |
| 1984–1985* | 236.5 | 775.9 | Istra dome | Istra, Russia | Glavspetsstroy [ru] | Steel construction (≈10,000 tons of steel and ≈363 tons of aluminum). Collapsed on 25 January 1985, later demolished. | |
| 2001–2013 | 274 | 899 | Oita Stadium | Ōita, Japan | Takenaka Corporation, SATO BENEC, and Takayama Sogo Kogyo | Retractable steel roof (12,500 tonnes of steel). Architects Kisho Kurokawa Architect & Associates, Takenaka Corporation, Satobenec, and Takayama Sogo Kogyo. | |
| since 2013 | 312 | 1,020 | Singapore National Stadium | Singapore | Dragages | Retractable roof. Height of dome: 80 m (260 ft). Architect Arup Group. | |
· By structural material
Treasury of Atreus (details earlier)
Treasury of Atreus (details earlier)
Held record
1250 BC – 150–175 AD
Name
Treasury of Atreus (details earlier)
Western Thermae
Western Thermae
Held record
150–175 AD – 2006
Diameter
15.0
Diameter
49.2
Name
Western Thermae
Location
Jerash, Jordan
Builder
Roman Empire
Notes
One of the earliest voussoir domes with square ground plan
Global Vipassana Pagoda
Global Vipassana Pagoda
Held record
since 2006
Diameter
85.15
Diameter
279.4
Name
Global Vipassana Pagoda
Location
Mumbai, India
Notes
The stone dome was completed in October 2006. The monument was officially inaugurated on February 8, 2009.
Stabiae ThermaeLaconicum
Stabiae ThermaeLaconicum
Held record
1st century BC – 1st century BC
Diameter
6.52
Diameter
21.4
Name
Stabiae ThermaeLaconicum
Location
Pompeii, Italy
Builder
Roman Empire
Notes
Cone vault (early form of a dome). Oldest known dome built with Roman concrete.
Temple of Mercury (details earlier)
Temple of Mercury (details earlier)
Held record
1st century BC – 19 BC
Name
Temple of Mercury (details earlier)
Pantheon (details earlier)
Pantheon (details earlier)
Held record
since 128
Name
Pantheon (details earlier)
Red Basilica
Red Basilica
Held record
2nd century – 150
Diameter
11.5
Diameter
38
Name
Red Basilica
Location
Pergamon, Turkey
Builder
Roman Empire
Notes
Brick
Sanctuary of AsclepiusTemple of Asclepius
Sanctuary of AsclepiusTemple of Asclepius
Held record
150 – c. 306*
Diameter
23.85
Diameter
78.2
Name
Sanctuary of AsclepiusTemple of Asclepius
Location
Pergamon, Turkey
Builder
Roman Empire
Notes
Earliest monumental brick dome
Rotunda of Galerius
Rotunda of Galerius
Held record
c. 306 – 563
Diameter
24.15
Diameter
79.2
Name
Rotunda of Galerius
Location
Thessaloniki, Greece
Builder
Roman Empire
Notes
Radially laid bricks
Hagia Sophia
Hagia Sophia
Held record
563–1436
Diameter
30.87 × 31.87
Diameter
101.3 × 104.6
Name
Hagia Sophia
Location
Istanbul, Turkey
Builder
Byzantine Empire
Notes
First pendentive dome in history, completed in 537, rebuilt in 563 after earthquake. Architects Anthemius of Tralles and Isidore of Miletus
Florence Cathedral (details earlier)
Florence Cathedral (details earlier)
Held record
since 1436
Name
Florence Cathedral (details earlier)
Aquae Flavianae
Aquae Flavianae
Held record
Beginning of 3rd century – 216
Diameter
12.0
Diameter
39.4
Name
Aquae Flavianae
Location
El Hamma District, Algeria
Builder
Roman Empire
Notes
Earthenware pipes put together
Baths of CaracallaCaldarium
Baths of CaracallaCaldarium
Held record
216 – 6th–9th century*
Diameter
35.08
Diameter
115.1
Name
Baths of CaracallaCaldarium
Location
Rome, Italy
Builder
Roman Empire
Notes
Amphorae put together
Dome of the Rock
Dome of the Rock
Held record
691–1781
Diameter
20.40
Diameter
66.9
Name
Dome of the Rock
Location
Jerusalem
Builder
Umayyad Empire
Saint Blaise Abbey
Saint Blaise Abbey
Held record
1781–1957
Diameter
36.0
Diameter
118.1
Name
Saint Blaise Abbey
Location
Sankt Blasien, Germany
Builder
Pierre Michel d'Ixnard
Notes
Third-widest dome in Europe at the time of its construction
Brick Breeden Fieldhouse
Brick Breeden Fieldhouse
Held record
1957–1977
Diameter
91.4
Diameter
300
Name
Brick Breeden Fieldhouse
Location
Bozeman, United States
Builder
Montana State University – Bozeman
Notes
Second-largest dome in United States at the time of its construction
Walkup Skydome
Walkup Skydome
Held record
1977–1983
Diameter
153.0
Diameter
502.0
Name
Walkup Skydome
Location
Flagstaff, Arizona, United States
Builder
Northern Arizona University
Notes
Geodesic dome
Tacoma Dome
Tacoma Dome
Held record
1983–1991
Diameter
162
Diameter
530
Name
Tacoma Dome
Location
Tacoma, United States
Builder
Merit Co.
Notes
Geodesic dome
Superior Dome
Superior Dome
Held record
since 1991
Diameter
163.4
Diameter
536
Name
Superior Dome
Location
Marquette, United States
Builder
State of Michigan/Northern Michigan University
Notes
Geodesic dome
Bourse de commerce(previously the Halle aux blés)
Bourse de commerce(previously the Halle aux blés)
Held record
1811–1881
Diameter
39.0
Diameter
128.0
Name
Bourse de commerce(previously the Halle aux blés)
Location
Paris, France
Builder
First French Empire
Notes
Engineer François Brunet. Architect François-Joseph Bélanger.
Devonshire Royal Hospital
Devonshire Royal Hospital
Held record
since 1881
Diameter
46.9
Diameter
154
Name
Devonshire Royal Hospital
Location
Buxton, United Kingdom
Notes
Converted from a horse stables to a hospital. Slate-covered iron frame. Architects John Carr and Robert Rippon Duke.
Royal Albert Hall (details earlier)
Royal Albert Hall (details earlier)
Held record
1871–1873
Name
Royal Albert Hall (details earlier)
Rotunde (details earlier)
Rotunde (details earlier)
Held record
1873–1937
Name
Rotunde (details earlier)
West Baden Springs Hotel
West Baden Springs Hotel
Held record
1902–1955
Diameter
59.4
Diameter
195
Name
West Baden Springs Hotel
Location
West Baden, United States
Builder
Lee Wiley Sinclair
Notes
Steel and glass dome. Architect Harrison Albright.
Charlotte Coliseum (details earlier)
Charlotte Coliseum (details earlier)
Held record
1955–1964
Name
Charlotte Coliseum (details earlier)
Harris County Domed Stadium (details earlier)
Harris County Domed Stadium (details earlier)
Held record
1964–1975
Name
Harris County Domed Stadium (details earlier)
Louisiana Superdome (details earlier)
Louisiana Superdome (details earlier)
Held record
1975–1984
Name
Louisiana Superdome (details earlier)
Istra dome (details earlier)
Istra dome (details earlier)
Held record
1984–1985
Name
Istra dome (details earlier)
Oita Stadium (details earlier)
Oita Stadium (details earlier)
Held record
2001–2013
Name
Oita Stadium (details earlier)
Singapore National Stadium (details earlier)
Singapore National Stadium (details earlier)
Held record
since 2013
Name
Singapore National Stadium (details earlier)
Centennial Hall
Centennial Hall
Held record
1913–1930
Diameter
65.0
Diameter
213.3
Name
Centennial Hall
Location
Wrocław, Poland
Notes
Architect Max Berg
Wholesale Market Leipzig (details earlier)
Wholesale Market Leipzig (details earlier)
Held record
1930–1957
Name
Wholesale Market Leipzig (details earlier)
Palazzetto dello Sport
Palazzetto dello Sport
Held record
1957–1963
Diameter
100.6
Diameter
330
Name
Palazzetto dello Sport
Location
Rome, Italy
Notes
Built for the 1960 Summer Olympics. Consulting engineer Pier Luigi Nervi.
Assembly Hall (details earlier)
Assembly Hall (details earlier)
Held record
1963–1971
Name
Assembly Hall (details earlier)
Norfolk Scope
Norfolk Scope
Held record
1971–1976
Diameter
134.1
Diameter
440
Name
Norfolk Scope
Location
Norfolk, Virginia, United States
Builder
City of Norfolk
Notes
Consulting engineer Pier Luigi Nervi
King County Stadium
King County Stadium
Held record
1976–2000*
Diameter
201
Diameter
660
Name
King County Stadium
Location
Seattle, United States
Builder
King County
Notes
Reinforced concrete dome. Demolished on 26 March 2000. Architects NBBJ, John Skilling, and Emil Praeger.
Desert Dome
Desert Dome
Held record
since 2002
Diameter
70.1
Diameter
230
Name
Desert Dome
Location
Omaha, United States
Builder
Omaha's Henry Doorly Zoo and Aquarium
Notes
Glazed geodesic dome. Holds the world's largest indoor desert.
| Held record | Diameter | Name | Location | Builder | Notes | References | |
| m | ft | ||||||
| Stone | |||||||
| 1250 BC – 150–175 AD | Treasury of Atreus (details earlier) | ||||||
| 150–175 AD – 2006 | 15.0 | 49.2 | Western Thermae | Jerash, Jordan | Roman Empire | One of the earliest voussoir domes with square ground plan | |
| since 2006 | 85.15 | 279.4 | Global Vipassana Pagoda | Mumbai, India | The stone dome was completed in October 2006. The monument was officially inaugurated on February 8, 2009. | ||
| Concrete | |||||||
| 1st century BC – 1st century BC | 6.52 | 21.4 | Stabiae ThermaeLaconicum | Pompeii, Italy | Roman Empire | Cone vault (early form of a dome). Oldest known dome built with Roman concrete. | |
| 1st century BC – 19 BC | Temple of Mercury (details earlier) | ||||||
| since 128 | Pantheon (details earlier) | ||||||
| Masonry | |||||||
| 2nd century – 150 | 11.5 | 38 | Red Basilica | Pergamon, Turkey | Roman Empire | Brick | |
| 150 – c. 306* | 23.85 | 78.2 | Sanctuary of AsclepiusTemple of Asclepius | Pergamon, Turkey | Roman Empire | Earliest monumental brick dome | |
| c. 306 – 563 | 24.15 | 79.2 | Rotunda of Galerius | Thessaloniki, Greece | Roman Empire | Radially laid bricks | |
| 563–1436 | 30.87 × 31.87 | 101.3 × 104.6 | Hagia Sophia | Istanbul, Turkey | Byzantine Empire | First pendentive dome in history, completed in 537, rebuilt in 563 after earthquake. Architects Anthemius of Tralles and Isidore of Miletus | |
| since 1436 | Florence Cathedral (details earlier) | ||||||
| Clay hollowware | |||||||
| Beginning of 3rd century – 216 | 12.0 | 39.4 | Aquae Flavianae | El Hamma District, Algeria | Roman Empire | Earthenware pipes put together | |
| 216 – 6th–9th century* | 35.08 | 115.1 | Baths of CaracallaCaldarium | Rome, Italy | Roman Empire | Amphorae put together | |
| Wood | |||||||
| 691–1781 | 20.40 | 66.9 | Dome of the Rock | Jerusalem | Umayyad Empire | ||
| 1781–1957 | 36.0 | 118.1 | Saint Blaise Abbey | Sankt Blasien, Germany | Pierre Michel d'Ixnard | Third-widest dome in Europe at the time of its construction | |
| 1957–1977 | 91.4 | 300 | Brick Breeden Fieldhouse | Bozeman, United States | Montana State University – Bozeman | Second-largest dome in United States at the time of its construction | |
| 1977–1983 | 153.0 | 502.0 | Walkup Skydome | Flagstaff, Arizona, United States | Northern Arizona University | Geodesic dome | |
| 1983–1991 | 162 | 530 | Tacoma Dome | Tacoma, United States | Merit Co. | Geodesic dome | |
| since 1991 | 163.4 | 536 | Superior Dome | Marquette, United States | State of Michigan/Northern Michigan University | Geodesic dome | |
| Cast iron | |||||||
| 1811–1881 | 39.0 | 128.0 | Bourse de commerce(previously the Halle aux blés) | Paris, France | First French Empire | Engineer François Brunet. Architect François-Joseph Bélanger. | |
| since 1881 | 46.9 | 154 | Devonshire Royal Hospital | Buxton, United Kingdom | Converted from a horse stables to a hospital. Slate-covered iron frame. Architects John Carr and Robert Rippon Duke. | ||
| Wrought iron | |||||||
| 1871–1873 | Royal Albert Hall (details earlier) | ||||||
| 1873–1937 | Rotunde (details earlier) | ||||||
| Steel | |||||||
| 1902–1955 | 59.4 | 195 | West Baden Springs Hotel | West Baden, United States | Lee Wiley Sinclair | Steel and glass dome. Architect Harrison Albright. | |
| 1955–1964 | Charlotte Coliseum (details earlier) | ||||||
| 1964–1975 | Harris County Domed Stadium (details earlier) | ||||||
| 1975–1984 | Louisiana Superdome (details earlier) | ||||||
| 1984–1985 | Istra dome (details earlier) | ||||||
| 2001–2013 | Oita Stadium (details earlier) | ||||||
| since 2013 | Singapore National Stadium (details earlier) | ||||||
| Reinforced concrete | |||||||
| 1913–1930 | 65.0 | 213.3 | Centennial Hall | Wrocław, Poland | Architect Max Berg | ||
| 1930–1957 | Wholesale Market Leipzig (details earlier) | ||||||
| 1957–1963 | 100.6 | 330 | Palazzetto dello Sport | Rome, Italy | Built for the 1960 Summer Olympics. Consulting engineer Pier Luigi Nervi. | ||
| 1963–1971 | Assembly Hall (details earlier) | ||||||
| 1971–1976 | 134.1 | 440 | Norfolk Scope | Norfolk, Virginia, United States | City of Norfolk | Consulting engineer Pier Luigi Nervi | |
| 1976–2000* | 201 | 660 | King County Stadium | Seattle, United States | King County | Reinforced concrete dome. Demolished on 26 March 2000. Architects NBBJ, John Skilling, and Emil Praeger. | |
| Glazed | |||||||
| since 2002 | 70.1 | 230 | Desert Dome | Omaha, United States | Omaha's Henry Doorly Zoo and Aquarium | Glazed geodesic dome. Holds the world's largest indoor desert. | |
· By continent › Europe
Treasury of Atreus (details earlier)
Treasury of Atreus (details earlier)
Held record
1250 BC – 1st century BC
Name
Treasury of Atreus (details earlier)
Temple of Mercury (details earlier)
Temple of Mercury (details earlier)
Held record
1st century BC – 19 BC
Name
Temple of Mercury (details earlier)
Baths of AgrippaArco della Ciambella (details earlier)
Baths of AgrippaArco della Ciambella (details earlier)
Held record
19 BC – 109 AD
Name
Baths of AgrippaArco della Ciambella (details earlier)
Baths of Trajan (details earlier)
Baths of Trajan (details earlier)
Held record
109–128
Name
Baths of Trajan (details earlier)
Pantheon (details earlier)
Pantheon (details earlier)
Held record
128–1436
Name
Pantheon (details earlier)
Florence Cathedral (details earlier)
Florence Cathedral (details earlier)
Held record
1436–1871
Name
Florence Cathedral (details earlier)
Royal Albert Hall (details earlier)
Royal Albert Hall (details earlier)
Held record
1871–1873
Name
Royal Albert Hall (details earlier)
Rotunde (details earlier)
Rotunde (details earlier)
Held record
1873–1937
Name
Rotunde (details earlier)
Wholesale Market Leipzig (details earlier)
Wholesale Market Leipzig (details earlier)
Held record
1937–1957
Name
Wholesale Market Leipzig (details earlier)
Belgrade Fair – Hall 1 (details earlier)
Belgrade Fair – Hall 1 (details earlier)
Held record
1957–1990
Name
Belgrade Fair – Hall 1 (details earlier)
Kupolen [sv] (English: Dome)
Kupolen [sv] (English: Dome)
Held record
since 1990
Diameter
129
Diameter
423
Name
Kupolen [sv] (English: Dome)
Location
Borlänge, Sweden
Notes
Originally an exposition hall with a few stores at ground level, became a three level mall. Architect Coordinator arkitekter [sv].
| Held record | Diameter | Name | Location | Builder | Notes | References | |
| m | ft | ||||||
| 1250 BC – 1st century BC | Treasury of Atreus (details earlier) | ||||||
| 1st century BC – 19 BC | Temple of Mercury (details earlier) | ||||||
| 19 BC – 109 AD | Baths of AgrippaArco della Ciambella (details earlier) | ||||||
| 109–128 | Baths of Trajan (details earlier) | ||||||
| 128–1436 | Pantheon (details earlier) | ||||||
| 1436–1871 | Florence Cathedral (details earlier) | ||||||
| 1871–1873 | Royal Albert Hall (details earlier) | ||||||
| 1873–1937 | Rotunde (details earlier) | ||||||
| 1937–1957 | Wholesale Market Leipzig (details earlier) | ||||||
| 1957–1990 | Belgrade Fair – Hall 1 (details earlier) | ||||||
| since 1990 | 129 | 423 | Kupolen [sv] (English: Dome) | Borlänge, Sweden | Originally an exposition hall with a few stores at ground level, became a three level mall. Architect Coordinator arkitekter [sv]. | ||
· By continent › North America
United States Capitol
United States Capitol
Held record
1864–1867
Diameter
29
Diameter
96
Name
United States Capitol
Location
Washington, D.C., United States
Notes
Architect Thomas Ustick Walter
Salt Lake Tabernacle
Salt Lake Tabernacle
Held record
1867–1902
Diameter
45.7
Diameter
150
Name
Salt Lake Tabernacle
Location
Salt Lake City, United States
Notes
Largely built without nails. Architect Henry Grow.
West Baden Springs Hotel (details earlier)
West Baden Springs Hotel (details earlier)
Held record
1902–1955
Name
West Baden Springs Hotel (details earlier)
Charlotte Coliseum (details earlier)
Charlotte Coliseum (details earlier)
Held record
1955–1963
Name
Charlotte Coliseum (details earlier)
Assembly Hall (details earlier)
Assembly Hall (details earlier)
Held record
1963–1964
Name
Assembly Hall (details earlier)
Harris County Domed Stadium (details earlier)
Harris County Domed Stadium (details earlier)
Held record
1964–1975
Name
Harris County Domed Stadium (details earlier)
Louisiana Superdome (details earlier)
Louisiana Superdome (details earlier)
Held record
1975–2009
Name
Louisiana Superdome (details earlier)
Cowboys Stadium
Cowboys Stadium
Held record
since 2009
Diameter
230
Diameter
755
Name
Cowboys Stadium
Location
Arlington, United States
Builder
HKS, Inc.
Notes
Diameter is estimated. Retractable structural steel roof (14,100 tons of structural steel).
| Held record | Diameter | Name | Location | Builder | Notes | References | |
| m | ft | ||||||
| 1864–1867 | 29 | 96 | United States Capitol | Washington, D.C., United States | Architect Thomas Ustick Walter | ||
| 1867–1902 | 45.7 | 150 | Salt Lake Tabernacle | Salt Lake City, United States | Largely built without nails. Architect Henry Grow. | ||
| 1902–1955 | West Baden Springs Hotel (details earlier) | ||||||
| 1955–1963 | Charlotte Coliseum (details earlier) | ||||||
| 1963–1964 | Assembly Hall (details earlier) | ||||||
| 1964–1975 | Harris County Domed Stadium (details earlier) | ||||||
| 1975–2009 | Louisiana Superdome (details earlier) | ||||||
| since 2009 | 230 | 755 | Cowboys Stadium | Arlington, United States | HKS, Inc. | Diameter is estimated. Retractable structural steel roof (14,100 tons of structural steel). | |
· By continent › South America
Palace of the Argentine National Congress
Palace of the Argentine National Congress
Name
Palace of the Argentine National Congress
Location
Buenos Aires, Argentina
Builder
Government of Argentina
Notes
Bronze-plated dome. Architect Vittorio Meano.
Palace of the Brazilian National Congress
Palace of the Brazilian National Congress
Held record
1960
Diameter
38
Diameter
120
Name
Palace of the Brazilian National Congress
Location
Brasília, Brazil
Builder
Government of Brazil
Notes
Architect Oscar Niemeyer
| Held record | Diameter | Name | Location | Builder | Notes | References | |
| m | ft | ||||||
| Palace of the Argentine National Congress | Buenos Aires, Argentina | Government of Argentina | Bronze-plated dome. Architect Vittorio Meano. | ||||
| 1960 | 38 | 120 | Palace of the Brazilian National Congress | Brasília, Brazil | Government of Brazil | Architect Oscar Niemeyer | |
· By continent › Asia
Red Basilica (details earlier)
Red Basilica (details earlier)
Held record
2nd century – 150
Name
Red Basilica (details earlier)
Sanctuary of AsclepiusTemple of Asclepius (details earlier)
Sanctuary of AsclepiusTemple of Asclepius (details earlier)
Held record
150–1312
Name
Sanctuary of AsclepiusTemple of Asclepius (details earlier)
Dome of Soltaniyeh
Dome of Soltaniyeh
Held record
1312–1659
Diameter
25.6
Diameter
83.99
Name
Dome of Soltaniyeh
Location
Soltaniyeh, Iran
Notes
Persian architects were building double shell domes at the start of the 5th century, but the Dome of Soltaniyeh is the earliest such architecture extant, dating to 1312, over 100 years before Brunelleschi used the same technique to build the dome of Florence Cathedral. This makes the Dome of Soltaniyeh the earliest existing double shell dome. The Florence Cathedral's dome has octagonal supporting walls, like the Dome of Soltaniyeh. The Dome of Soltaniyeh is the third largest brick dome in the world (after Florence Cathedral and Hagia Sophia). Hagia Sophia is older than the Dome of Soltaniyeh, but the Hagia Sophia is a single shell brick dome.
Gol Gumbaz
Gol Gumbaz
Held record
1659–1937
Diameter
37.92
Diameter
120
Name
Gol Gumbaz
Location
Bijapur, India
Builder
Sultanate of Bijapur
Notes
Mausoleum of Muhammad Adil Shah II (1627 – 1657) of the Sultanate of Bijapur
Phnom Penh Central Market
Phnom Penh Central Market
Held record
1937–1944
Diameter
45
Diameter
150
Name
Phnom Penh Central Market
Location
Phnom Penh, Cambodia
Notes
Reinforced concrete. Engineer Wladimir Kandaouroff.[citation needed] Architects Jean Desbois and Louis Chauchon.
Novosibirsk Opera and Ballet Theatre
Novosibirsk Opera and Ballet Theatre
Held record
1944–1960
Diameter
60
Diameter
200
Name
Novosibirsk Opera and Ballet Theatre
Location
Novosibirsk, Russia
Notes
Reinforced concrete
Araneta Coliseum
Araneta Coliseum
Held record
1960–2001
Diameter
108
Diameter
354
Name
Araneta Coliseum
Location
Quezon City, Philippines
Builder
J. Amado Araneta
Notes
Also known as the Big Dome. Opened as the world's biggest indoor venue in 1960. Architect Dominador Lugtu.
Oita Stadium (details earlier)
Oita Stadium (details earlier)
Held record
2001–2013
Name
Oita Stadium (details earlier)
Singapore National Stadium (details earlier)
Singapore National Stadium (details earlier)
Held record
since 2013
Name
Singapore National Stadium (details earlier)
| Held record | Diameter | Name | Location | Builder | Notes | References | |
| m | ft | ||||||
| 2nd century – 150 | Red Basilica (details earlier) | ||||||
| 150–1312 | Sanctuary of AsclepiusTemple of Asclepius (details earlier) | ||||||
| 1312–1659 | 25.6 | 83.99 | Dome of Soltaniyeh | Soltaniyeh, Iran | Persian architects were building double shell domes at the start of the 5th century, but the Dome of Soltaniyeh is the earliest such architecture extant, dating to 1312, over 100 years before Brunelleschi used the same technique to build the dome of Florence Cathedral. This makes the Dome of Soltaniyeh the earliest existing double shell dome. The Florence Cathedral's dome has octagonal supporting walls, like the Dome of Soltaniyeh. The Dome of Soltaniyeh is the third largest brick dome in the world (after Florence Cathedral and Hagia Sophia). Hagia Sophia is older than the Dome of Soltaniyeh, but the Hagia Sophia is a single shell brick dome. | ||
| 1659–1937 | 37.92 | 120 | Gol Gumbaz | Bijapur, India | Sultanate of Bijapur | Mausoleum of Muhammad Adil Shah II (1627 – 1657) of the Sultanate of Bijapur | |
| 1937–1944 | 45 | 150 | Phnom Penh Central Market | Phnom Penh, Cambodia | Reinforced concrete. Engineer Wladimir Kandaouroff.[citation needed] Architects Jean Desbois and Louis Chauchon. | ||
| 1944–1960 | 60 | 200 | Novosibirsk Opera and Ballet Theatre | Novosibirsk, Russia | Reinforced concrete | ||
| 1960–2001 | 108 | 354 | Araneta Coliseum | Quezon City, Philippines | J. Amado Araneta | Also known as the Big Dome. Opened as the world's biggest indoor venue in 1960. Architect Dominador Lugtu. | |
| 2001–2013 | Oita Stadium (details earlier) | ||||||
| since 2013 | Singapore National Stadium (details earlier) | ||||||
· By continent › Africa
Basilica of Our Lady of Peace
Basilica of Our Lady of Peace
Held record
1988–1997
Diameter
90
Diameter
295.28
Name
Basilica of Our Lady of Peace
Location
Yamoussoukro, Ivory Coast
Builder
Dumez
Notes
Modeled after the St. Peter's Basilica in Rome. World's tallest dome.
MTN Sundome
MTN Sundome
Held record
since 1997
Diameter
140.0
Diameter
459.32
Name
MTN Sundome
Location
Johannesburg, South Africa
Notes
Sports arena
| Held record | Diameter | Name | Location | Builder | Notes | References | ||
| m | ft | |||||||
| 1988–1997 | 90 | 295.28 | Basilica of Our Lady of Peace | Yamoussoukro, Ivory Coast | Dumez | Modeled after the St. Peter's Basilica in Rome. World's tallest dome. | ||
| since 1997 | 140.0 | 459.32 | MTN Sundome | Johannesburg, South Africa | Sports arena | |||
· By continent › Australia
State Library Victoria
State Library Victoria
Held record
1913–1959
Diameter
34.75
Diameter
114.01
Name
State Library Victoria
Location
Melbourne, Australia
Notes
Designed by Norman G. Peebles
The Shine Dome
The Shine Dome
Held record
1959–1988
Diameter
47.4
Diameter
155.51
Name
The Shine Dome
Location
Canberra, Australia
Notes
Designed by Sir Roy Grounds
Burswood Dome
Burswood Dome
Held record
since 1988
Diameter
133.0
Diameter
436.35
Name
Burswood Dome
Location
Perth, Australia
Notes
Designed by James Wilkinson
| Held record | Diameter | Name | Location | Builder | Notes | References | |
| m | ft | ||||||
| 1913–1959 | 34.75 | 114.01 | State Library Victoria | Melbourne, Australia | Designed by Norman G. Peebles | ||
| 1959–1988 | 47.4 | 155.51 | The Shine Dome | Canberra, Australia | Designed by Sir Roy Grounds | ||
| since 1988 | 133.0 | 436.35 | Burswood Dome | Perth, Australia | Designed by James Wilkinson | ||
· Other famous large domes
Domus Aurea
Domus Aurea
Completion date
c. 64
Diameter
13.48
Diameter
44.2
Name
Domus Aurea
Location
Rome, Italy
Builder
Roman Empire
Notes
First dome with a polygonal ground plan (octagon)
St. Gereon's Basilica
St. Gereon's Basilica
Completion date
1227
Diameter
16.9 × 21.0
Diameter
55.4 × 68.9
Name
St. Gereon's Basilica
Location
Cologne, Germany
Notes
Elliptical dome. Largest dome to be constructed in the Occident in the years between the construction of Hagia Sophia's dome in 563 and the completion of Florence Cathedral in 1436.
Mausoleum of Khoja Ahmed Yasavi
Mausoleum of Khoja Ahmed Yasavi
Completion date
1405
Diameter
18.2
Diameter
60
Name
Mausoleum of Khoja Ahmed Yasavi
Location
Turkistan, Kazakhstan
Builder
Timur
Notes
Double dome
Süleymaniye Mosque
Süleymaniye Mosque
Completion date
1557
Diameter
27.2
Diameter
89
Name
Süleymaniye Mosque
Location
Istanbul, Turkey
Builder
Ottoman Empire
Notes
Architect Mimar Sinan
Selimiye Mosque
Selimiye Mosque
Completion date
1575
Diameter
31.25
Diameter
102.5
Name
Selimiye Mosque
Location
Edirne, Turkey
Builder
Ottoman Empire
Notes
Architect Mimar Sinan
St. Peter's Basilica
St. Peter's Basilica
Completion date
1626
Diameter
42.3
Diameter
139
Name
St. Peter's Basilica
Location
Rome, Italy
Builder
Holy See
Notes
World's tallest dome until 1990. Tallest dome interior (including lantern). Two layer dome. Architect Michelangelo.
Taj Mahal
Taj Mahal
Completion date
1641
Diameter
18
Diameter
58
Name
Taj Mahal
Location
Agra, India
Builder
Mughal Empire
Notes
Double dome
St Paul's Cathedral
St Paul's Cathedral
Completion date
1710
Diameter
31.1
Diameter
102
Name
St Paul's Cathedral
Location
London, United Kingdom
Builder
Christopher Wren
Notes
Double dome. The two domes are separated by a cone over the top of the inner which helps support the outer. Height of dome: 225 ft (69 m).
Mosta Dome
Mosta Dome
Completion date
1871
Diameter
39.6
Diameter
130
Name
Mosta Dome
Location
Mosta, Malta
Notes
Third-largest unsupported dome in the world.[dubious – discuss] Architect Giorgio Grognet de Vassé.
Frederik's Church
Frederik's Church
Completion date
1894
Diameter
31
Diameter
100
Name
Frederik's Church
Location
Copenhagen, Denmark
Builder
Frederick V
Notes
Built from 1749 to 1894 by three different architects, with no construction done from 1770 to 1877
Rhode Island State House
Rhode Island State House
Completion date
1904
Diameter
15
Diameter
50
Name
Rhode Island State House
Location
Providence, United States
Notes
Third-largest unsupported marble dome in the world.
Alexander Nevsky Cathedral
Alexander Nevsky Cathedral
Completion date
1912
Diameter
18
Diameter
59
Name
Alexander Nevsky Cathedral
Location
Sofia, Bulgaria
Builder
Bulgarian people
Notes
Groundbreaking: 3 March 1882. Completed: 1904 – 1912. Consecrated: 1924. Has gold-plated domes. Believed to be among the 10 largest Eastern Orthodox church buildings, and the largest completed Orthodox cathedral located in Southeast Europe.
La CoupoleV-2 rocket bunker
La CoupoleV-2 rocket bunker
Completion date
1944
Diameter
61.0
Diameter
200.1
Name
La CoupoleV-2 rocket bunker
Location
Wizernes, France
Builder
Nazi Germany
Notes
Reinforced concrete dome. 5 metres (16 ft) thick.
Rotunda of Xewkija
Rotunda of Xewkija
Completion date
1952
Diameter
27
Diameter
89
Name
Rotunda of Xewkija
Location
Xewkija, Malta
Notes
Height: 75 m (246 ft). Weight: 45,000 t (44,000 long tons; 50,000 short tons). Circumference: 85 m (279 ft). Architect Joseph D'Amato.
Sultan Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Mosque
Sultan Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Mosque
Completion date
1988
Diameter
51.8
Diameter
170
Name
Sultan Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Mosque
Location
Shah Alam, Malaysia
Notes
Largest mosque in Malaysia. Second largest mosque in South East Asia. Also known as Blue Mosque. Can accommodate up to 16,000 worshippers.
Georgia Dome
Georgia Dome
Completion date
1992
Diameter
192 × 240
Diameter
630 × 787
Name
Georgia Dome
Location
Atlanta, United States
Builder
Brasfield & Gorrie
Notes
Elliptical tensegrity structure. Demolished on 20 November 2017.
Long Island Green Dome
Long Island Green Dome
Completion date
2005
Diameter
21.3
Diameter
70
Name
Long Island Green Dome
Location
Baiting Hollow, United States
Builder
Kevin Michael Shea
Notes
Largest residential wood geodesic dome in North America. Serves as a home and advocate of sustainable living. Picture.
Medgidia clinker storage facility
Medgidia clinker storage facility
Completion date
2009
Diameter
78
Diameter
256
Name
Medgidia clinker storage facility
Location
Medgidia, Romania
Philippine Arena
Philippine Arena
Completion date
2014
Diameter
179 × 227
Diameter
587 × 745
Name
Philippine Arena
Location
Bocaue, Philippines
Builder
Iglesia ni Cristo
Notes
Elliptical dome. Dome with the largest indoor arena by capacity in the world.
| Completion date | Diameter | Name | Location | Builder | Notes | References | |
| m | ft | ||||||
| c. 64 | 13.48 | 44.2 | Domus Aurea | Rome, Italy | Roman Empire | First dome with a polygonal ground plan (octagon) | |
| 1227 | 16.9 × 21.0 | 55.4 × 68.9 | St. Gereon's Basilica | Cologne, Germany | Elliptical dome. Largest dome to be constructed in the Occident in the years between the construction of Hagia Sophia's dome in 563 and the completion of Florence Cathedral in 1436. | ||
| 1405 | 18.2 | 60 | Mausoleum of Khoja Ahmed Yasavi | Turkistan, Kazakhstan | Timur | Double dome | |
| 1557 | 27.2 | 89 | Süleymaniye Mosque | Istanbul, Turkey | Ottoman Empire | Architect Mimar Sinan | |
| 1575 | 31.25 | 102.5 | Selimiye Mosque | Edirne, Turkey | Ottoman Empire | Architect Mimar Sinan | |
| 1626 | 42.3 | 139 | St. Peter's Basilica | Rome, Italy | Holy See | World's tallest dome until 1990. Tallest dome interior (including lantern). Two layer dome. Architect Michelangelo. | |
| 1641 | 18 | 58 | Taj Mahal | Agra, India | Mughal Empire | Double dome | |
| 1710 | 31.1 | 102 | St Paul's Cathedral | London, United Kingdom | Christopher Wren | Double dome. The two domes are separated by a cone over the top of the inner which helps support the outer. Height of dome: 225 ft (69 m). | |
| 1732 | 79.07 × 118.9 | 24.10 × 36.25 | Sanctuary of Vicoforte | Vicoforte, Italy | House of Savoy | Largest elliptical dome in the world.[citation needed][dubious – discuss] Height of dome: 16 m (52 ft). Architects Ascanio Vitozzi and Francesco Gallo. | |
| 1871 | 39.6 | 130 | Mosta Dome | Mosta, Malta | Third-largest unsupported dome in the world.[dubious – discuss] Architect Giorgio Grognet de Vassé. | ||
| 1894 | 31 | 100 | Frederik's Church | Copenhagen, Denmark | Frederick V | Built from 1749 to 1894 by three different architects, with no construction done from 1770 to 1877 | |
| 1904 | 15 | 50 | Rhode Island State House | Providence, United States | Third-largest unsupported marble dome in the world. | ||
| 1912 | 18 | 59 | Alexander Nevsky Cathedral | Sofia, Bulgaria | Bulgarian people | Groundbreaking: 3 March 1882. Completed: 1904 – 1912. Consecrated: 1924. Has gold-plated domes. Believed to be among the 10 largest Eastern Orthodox church buildings, and the largest completed Orthodox cathedral located in Southeast Europe. | |
| 1944 | 61.0 | 200.1 | La CoupoleV-2 rocket bunker | Wizernes, France | Nazi Germany | Reinforced concrete dome. 5 metres (16 ft) thick. | |
| 1952 | 27 | 89 | Rotunda of Xewkija | Xewkija, Malta | Height: 75 m (246 ft). Weight: 45,000 t (44,000 long tons; 50,000 short tons). Circumference: 85 m (279 ft). Architect Joseph D'Amato. | ||
| 1988 | 51.8 | 170 | Sultan Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Mosque | Shah Alam, Malaysia | Largest mosque in Malaysia. Second largest mosque in South East Asia. Also known as Blue Mosque. Can accommodate up to 16,000 worshippers. | ||
| 1992 | 192 × 240 | 630 × 787 | Georgia Dome | Atlanta, United States | Brasfield & Gorrie | Elliptical tensegrity structure. Demolished on 20 November 2017. | |
| 2005 | 21.3 | 70 | Long Island Green Dome | Baiting Hollow, United States | Kevin Michael Shea | Largest residential wood geodesic dome in North America. Serves as a home and advocate of sustainable living. Picture. | |
| 2009 | 78 | 256 | Medgidia clinker storage facility | Medgidia, Romania | |||
| 2014 | 179 × 227 | 587 × 745 | Philippine Arena | Bocaue, Philippines | Iglesia ni Cristo | Elliptical dome. Dome with the largest indoor arena by capacity in the world. | |
References
- First stint as largest dome only, may have gaps due to destructions. Domes no longer standing marked with an asterisk.
- Not to be confused with the later Charlotte Coliseum, an indoor arena not featuring a dome that was demolished in 2007.
- No reliable figures available
- Treasury of Atreus at Structuraehttps://structurae.net/structures/data/index.cfm?ID=20003185
- Robert Mark, Paul Hutchinson: "On the Structure of the Roman Pantheon", Art Bulletin, Vol. 68, No. 1 (1986), p.24
- Rasch 1985, p. 118.
- Werner Heinz: "Römische Thermen. Badewesen und Badeluxus im römischen Reich", München 1983, .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw
- Rasch 1985, p. 119.
- "Romanconcrete.com"https://web.archive.org/web/20141006012615/http://www.romanconcrete.com/
- Werner Müller: "dtv – Atlas Baukunst I. Allgemeiner Teil: Baugeschichte von Mesopotamien bis Byzanz", 14. Aufl., 2005,
- Figures vary. archINFORM Archived 2021-06-20 at the Wayback Machine gives a 45 m (148 ft) wide tambour, while Santa Marihttp://eng.archinform.net/projekte/939.htm
- The British Foreign Mechanic and Scientific Instructorhttps://books.google.com/books?id=qIfhW-sNCI0C&pg=PA30
- royalalberthall.comhttps://www.royalalberthall.com/about-the-hall/our-history/explore-our-history/building/roof/
- Journal of the Franklin Institutehttps://books.google.com/books?id=SjI5AQAAMAAJ&pg=PAPA186
- Leipzig Market Hall at Structuraehttps://structurae.net/structures/data/index.cfm?ID=20000042
- "Survey and Research Report on the Charlotte Coliseum"https://web.archive.org/web/20160118115529/http://www.cmhpf.org/S%26Rs%20Alphabetical%20Order/Surveys%26rCharlotte%20Coliseum%20Update.htm
- sajam.co.rshttps://web.archive.org/web/20160306175930/http://www.sajam.co.rs/active/en/home/o_nama_v01/mapa_sajma__hale/hala_1.html
- monolithic.comhttp://static.monolithic.com/thedome/thinshells/
- Bloomberg.comhttps://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2012-05-25/the-end-of-the-domed-stadium
- Historic American Buildings Survey/Historic American Engineering Record/Historic American Landscapes Surveyhttps://www.loc.gov/item/tx1045/
- ACI - Houstonhttps://acihoustonchapter.org/meetinginfo.php?id=176
- "Air University: Eagle Biography: Winton M. "Red" Blount"https://web.archive.org/web/20111223193451/http://www.au.af.mil/au/goe/eagle_bios/2001/blount_2001.asp
- Modern steel constructionhttps://www.aisc.org/globalassets/modern-steel/archives/1961-1995/1976v01-02.pdf
- Architectural Recordhttps://web.archive.org/web/20080704143102/http://archrecord.construction.com/news/katrina/superdome.asp
- Хабрhttps://habr.com/ru/companies/vk/articles/402165/
- ИД «Панорама»https://panor.ru/articles/upavshaya-kaplya/76135.html
- Welcome to Pegasus Research Consortiumhttp://www.thelivingmoon.com/47john_lear/02files/Strange_Towers_in_a_Russian_Forest.html
- MakMax TAIYO KOGYO CORPORATIONhttp://www.taiyokogyo.com/wc_stadium/stadium_e/eng/match/oita/index.html
- worldsteel.orghttps://worldsteel.org/steel-stories/infrastructure/rugby-steel-world-cup-japan-2019/
- takenaka.co.jphttps://www.takenaka.co.jp/takenaka_e/projects/stadium/003.html
- ""Big Bigger Biggest – Series 2: Episode 9 – Dome", Windfall Films Ltd"https://web.archive.org/web/20140408230532/http://www.windfallfilms.com/show/1078/Episode+9++Dome.aspx
- International Journal of Architectural Computinghttps://papers.cumincad.org/cgi-bin/works/paper/ijac20108302
- Rasch 1985, p. 126.
- "Salient Features – Global Pagoda website"https://web.archive.org/web/20090213224628/http://globalpagoda.org/Default3.aspx?parentid=3&levelid=18
- Rasch 1985, p. 137.
- Rasch 1985, p. 125.
- Rasch 1985, p. 129.
- Perseus Digital Libraryhttp://data.perseus.org/artifacts/site/Asklepieion%2C+Pergamon
- "Hagia Sofia Museum"https://web.archive.org/web/20100218011327/http://english.istanbul.gov.tr/Default.aspx?pid=343
- Rasch 1985, p. 124.
- Erwin Heinle, Jörg Schlaich: "Kuppeln aller Zeiten, aller Kulturen", Stuttgart 1996, ISBN 3-421-03062-6, p.27
- "Kuppeln historisch"https://web.archive.org/web/20070612133011/http://www.fh-erfurt.de/ar/go/bwa2004/27.pdf
- "Website of the Dom St. Blasien"http://www.dom-st-blasien.de/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=17&Itemid=43
- Schnell Kunstführer: "St. Blasien/Schwarzwald", No. 555, Regensburg 2001, ISBN 3-7954-4017-3, p.7
- "Brick Breeden Fieldhouse: 50 years and going strong"https://web.archive.org/web/20100604175306/http://www.montana.edu/mountainsandminds/spring2007/athletics/index.html
- Bourse de Commerce at Structurae. Retrieved 2023-09-14.https://structurae.net/structures/data/index.cfm?ID=20003687
- E. P. Copp: "The Devonshire Royal Hospital Buxton", Rheumatology, Vol. 43 (2004), p.385
- The Library of Congresshttps://www.loc.gov/item/in0122/
- whc.unesco.orghttps://web.archive.org/web/20071021061944/https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1165/
- Emporishttps://web.archive.org/web/20200711152351/https://www.emporis.com/buildings/102757/kingdome-seattle-wa-usa
- "Desert Dome"https://web.archive.org/web/20080422082131/http://www.omahazoo.com/exhibits/index.asp?page=exhibits%2Fdesertdome.htm
- "Largest glazed geodesic dome"https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/108532-largest-glazed-geodesic-dome
- SkyscraperPage.comhttps://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=29252
- "Kuppeln historisch"https://web.archive.org/web/20070612133011/http://www.fh-erfurt.de/ar/go/bwa2004/27.pdf
- "The Great Mormon Tabernacle at Salt Lake". Scientific American. 8 June 1867
- Walter P Moorehttps://www.walterpmoore.com/projects/att-stadium
- Vitruviushttps://vitruvius.com.br/index.php/revistas/read/arquitextos/11.131/3829
- Nexus Network Journalhttps://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs00004-010-0013-9
- Manfred Görgens: "Kleine Geschichte der indischen Kunst", DuMont, Köln 1986, ISBN 3-7701-1543-0, p.226
- Phnom Penh Central Market at Structuraehttps://structurae.net/structures/data/index.cfm?ID=20035396
- Novosibirsk State Academic Opera and Ballet Theatre at Structurae. Retrieved 2023-09-17.https://structurae.net/structures/data/index.cfm?ID=20023555
- Coca-Cola Dome: Dimensions of Coca-Cola Dome Archived 2008-06-09 at the Wayback Machinehttp://www.coca-coladome.co.za/v_venue_dimensions.asp
- Werner Schäfke: "Kölns romanische Kirchen. Architektur, Ausstattung, Geschichte", Köln, 1985, 5. ed., ISBN 3-7701-1360-8
- Selimiye Mosque at Structuraehttps://structurae.net/structures/data/index.cfm?ID=20009028
- "Outlying Building"https://www.tajmahal.gov.in/outlying-building.aspx
- Current Sciencehttps://www.researchgate.net/publication/299356450
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