List of landings on extraterrestrial bodies
Updated: 11/6/2025, 2:00:39 AM Wikipedia source
This is a list of all spacecraft landings on other planets and bodies in the Solar System, including soft landings and both intended and unintended hard impacts. The list includes orbiters that were intentionally crashed, but not orbiters which later crashed in an unplanned manner due to orbital decay. Colour key:
Tables
· Planets › Mercury
MESSENGER
MESSENGER
Mission
MESSENGER
Country/Agency
United States
Date of landing/impact
30 April 2015
Coordinates
Probably around 54.4° N, 149.9° W, near the crater Janáček
Notes
Intentionally crashed at end of mission.
| Mission | Country/Agency | Date of landing/impact | Coordinates | Notes |
| MESSENGER | United States | 30 April 2015 | Probably around 54.4° N, 149.9° W, near the crater Janáček | Intentionally crashed at end of mission. |
· Planets › Venus
Venera 3
Venera 3
Mission
Venera 3
Country/Agency
USSR
Date of landing/impact
1 March 1966
Coordinates
Probably around -20° to 20° N, 60° to 80° E
Notes
First impact on the surface of another planet. Contact lost before atmospheric entry.
Venera 4
Venera 4
Mission
Venera 4
Country/Agency
USSR
Date of landing/impact
23 October 1967
Coordinates
Estimated near .mw- .mw- .mw- 19°N 38°E / 19°N 38°E / 19; 38.
Notes
Crushed by atmospheric pressure before impact.
Venera 5
Venera 5
Mission
Venera 5
Country/Agency
USSR
Date of landing/impact
16 May 1969
Coordinates
3°S 18°E / 3°S 18°E / -3; 18
Notes
Atmospheric probe; crushed by atmospheric pressure before impact.
Venera 6
Venera 6
Mission
Venera 6
Country/Agency
USSR
Date of landing/impact
17 May 1969
Coordinates
5°S 23°E / 5°S 23°E / -5; 23
Notes
Atmospheric probe; crushed by atmospheric pressure before impact.
Venera 7
Venera 7
Mission
Venera 7
Country/Agency
USSR
Date of landing/impact
15 December 1970
Coordinates
5°S 351°E / 5°S 351°E / -5; 351
Notes
First successful soft landing on another planet; transmitted from surface for 23 minutes.The spacecraft definitively confirmed that humans cannot survive on the surface of Venus, and excluded the possibility of any liquid water on Venus.
Venera 8
Venera 8
Mission
Venera 8
Country/Agency
USSR
Date of landing/impact
22 July 1972
Coordinates
Within 150 km radius of 10°42′S 335°15′E / 10.70°S 335.25°E / -10.70; 335.25
Notes
Soft landing; transmitted from surface for 50 minutes.
Venera 9 lander
Venera 9 lander
Mission
Venera 9 lander
Country/Agency
USSR
Date of landing/impact
22 October 1975
Coordinates
Within a 150 km radius of 31°01′N 291°38′E / 31.01°N 291.64°E / 31.01; 291.64
Notes
Soft landing; transmitted from surface for 53 minutes. First pictures from surface.
Venera 10 lander
Venera 10 lander
Mission
Venera 10 lander
Country/Agency
USSR
Date of landing/impact
25 October 1975
Coordinates
Within a 150 km radius of 15°25′N 291°31′E / 15.42°N 291.51°E / 15.42; 291.51
Notes
Soft landing; transmitted from surface for 65 minutes.
Pioneer Venus Multiprobe
Pioneer Venus Multiprobe
Mission
Pioneer Venus Multiprobe
Country/Agency
USA
Date of landing/impact
9 December 1978
Coordinates
Day Probe 31°18′S 317°00′E / 31.3°S 317.0°E / -31.3; 317.0
Notes
Survived impact and continued to transmit from the surface for 67 minutes.
Night Probe 28.7°S 56.7°E
Night Probe 28.7°S 56.7°E
Mission
Night Probe 28.7°S 56.7°E
Country/Agency
Survived impact and continued to transmit from the surface for 2 seconds.
North Probe 59.3°N 4.8°E
North Probe 59.3°N 4.8°E
Mission
North Probe 59.3°N 4.8°E
Country/Agency
Signal lost upon impact.
Large probe 4.4°N 304.0°E
Large probe 4.4°N 304.0°E
Mission
Large probe 4.4°N 304.0°E
Country/Agency
Signal lost upon impact.
Venera 12 lander
Venera 12 lander
Mission
Venera 12 lander
Country/Agency
USSR
Date of landing/impact
21 December 1978
Coordinates
7°S 294°E / 7°S 294°E / -7; 294
Notes
Soft landing; transmitted from surface for 110 minutes.
Venera 11 lander
Venera 11 lander
Mission
Venera 11 lander
Country/Agency
USSR
Date of landing/impact
25 December 1978
Coordinates
14°S 299°E / 14°S 299°E / -14; 299
Notes
Soft landing; transmitted from surface for 95 minutes.
Venera 13 lander
Venera 13 lander
Mission
Venera 13 lander
Country/Agency
USSR
Date of landing/impact
1 March 1982
Coordinates
7°30′S 303°00′E / 7.5°S 303°E / -7.5; 303
Notes
Soft landing; transmitted from surface for 127 minutes. First photographs in color of its surface, and it records atmospheric wind noises, the first sounds heard from another planet.
Venera 14 lander
Venera 14 lander
Mission
Venera 14 lander
Country/Agency
USSR
Date of landing/impact
5 March 1982
Coordinates
13°15′S 310°00′E / 13.25°S 310°E / -13.25; 310
Notes
Soft landing; transmitted from surface for 57 minutes.
Vega 1 lander
Vega 1 lander
Mission
Vega 1 lander
Country/Agency
USSR
Date of landing/impact
11 June 1985
Coordinates
7°12′N 177°48′E / 7.2°N 177.8°E / 7.2; 177.8
Notes
Soft landing; some instruments failed to return data.
Vega 2 lander
Vega 2 lander
Mission
Vega 2 lander
Country/Agency
USSR
Date of landing/impact
15 June 1985
Coordinates
7°08′S 177°40′E / 7.14°S 177.67°E / -7.14; 177.67
Notes
Soft landing; transmitted from surface for 57 minutes.
| Mission | Country/Agency | Date of landing/impact | Coordinates | Notes |
| Venera 3 | USSR | 1 March 1966 | Probably around -20° to 20° N, 60° to 80° E | First impact on the surface of another planet. Contact lost before atmospheric entry. |
| Venera 4 | USSR | 23 October 1967 | Estimated near .mw- 19°N 38°E / 19°N 38°E / 19; 38. | Crushed by atmospheric pressure before impact. |
| Venera 5 | USSR | 16 May 1969 | 3°S 18°E / 3°S 18°E / -3; 18 | Atmospheric probe; crushed by atmospheric pressure before impact. |
| Venera 6 | USSR | 17 May 1969 | 5°S 23°E / 5°S 23°E / -5; 23 | Atmospheric probe; crushed by atmospheric pressure before impact. |
| Venera 7 | USSR | 15 December 1970 | 5°S 351°E / 5°S 351°E / -5; 351 | First successful soft landing on another planet; transmitted from surface for 23 minutes.The spacecraft definitively confirmed that humans cannot survive on the surface of Venus, and excluded the possibility of any liquid water on Venus. |
| Venera 8 | USSR | 22 July 1972 | Within 150 km radius of 10°42′S 335°15′E / 10.70°S 335.25°E / -10.70; 335.25 | Soft landing; transmitted from surface for 50 minutes. |
| Venera 9 lander | USSR | 22 October 1975 | Within a 150 km radius of 31°01′N 291°38′E / 31.01°N 291.64°E / 31.01; 291.64 | Soft landing; transmitted from surface for 53 minutes. First pictures from surface. |
| Venera 10 lander | USSR | 25 October 1975 | Within a 150 km radius of 15°25′N 291°31′E / 15.42°N 291.51°E / 15.42; 291.51 | Soft landing; transmitted from surface for 65 minutes. |
| Pioneer Venus Multiprobe | USA | 9 December 1978 | Day Probe 31°18′S 317°00′E / 31.3°S 317.0°E / -31.3; 317.0 | Survived impact and continued to transmit from the surface for 67 minutes. |
| Night Probe 28.7°S 56.7°E | Survived impact and continued to transmit from the surface for 2 seconds. | |||
| North Probe 59.3°N 4.8°E | Signal lost upon impact. | |||
| Large probe 4.4°N 304.0°E | Signal lost upon impact. | |||
| Venera 12 lander | USSR | 21 December 1978 | 7°S 294°E / 7°S 294°E / -7; 294 | Soft landing; transmitted from surface for 110 minutes. |
| Venera 11 lander | USSR | 25 December 1978 | 14°S 299°E / 14°S 299°E / -14; 299 | Soft landing; transmitted from surface for 95 minutes. |
| Venera 13 lander | USSR | 1 March 1982 | 7°30′S 303°00′E / 7.5°S 303°E / -7.5; 303 | Soft landing; transmitted from surface for 127 minutes. First photographs in color of its surface, and it records atmospheric wind noises, the first sounds heard from another planet. |
| Venera 14 lander | USSR | 5 March 1982 | 13°15′S 310°00′E / 13.25°S 310°E / -13.25; 310 | Soft landing; transmitted from surface for 57 minutes. |
| Vega 1 lander | USSR | 11 June 1985 | 7°12′N 177°48′E / 7.2°N 177.8°E / 7.2; 177.8 | Soft landing; some instruments failed to return data. |
| Vega 2 lander | USSR | 15 June 1985 | 7°08′S 177°40′E / 7.14°S 177.67°E / -7.14; 177.67 | Soft landing; transmitted from surface for 57 minutes. |
· Planets › Mars
Mars 2 lander
Mars 2 lander
Mission
Mars 2 lander
Country/Agency
USSR
Date of landing/impact
27 November 1971
Coordinates
45°S 30°W / 45°S 30°W / -45; -30
Notes
First man-made object on Mars. No contact after crash landing.
Mars 3 lander
Mars 3 lander
Mission
Mars 3 lander
Country/Agency
USSR
Date of landing/impact
2 December 1971
Coordinates
45°S 158°W / 45°S 158°W / -45; -158
Notes
First soft landing on Mars. Transmission began about 90 seconds after landing. Transmitted a partial image for 14.5 seconds before the signal was lost.
Mars 6 lander
Mars 6 lander
Mission
Mars 6 lander
Country/Agency
USSR
Date of landing/impact
12 March 1974
Coordinates
23°54′S 19°25′W / 23.90°S 19.42°W / -23.90; -19.42
Notes
Contact lost at landing.
Viking 1 lander
Viking 1 lander
Mission
Viking 1 lander
Country/Agency
USA
Date of landing/impact
20 July 1976
Coordinates
22°41′49″N 48°13′19″W / 22.697°N 48.222°W / 22.697; -48.222
Notes
Successful soft landing. First to send images in color, as well as to perform in situ biological experiments with the Martian soil.
Viking 2 lander
Viking 2 lander
Mission
Viking 2 lander
Country/Agency
USA
Date of landing/impact
3 September 1976
Coordinates
48°16′08″N 134°00′36″E / 48.269°N 134.010°E / 48.269; 134.010
Notes
Successful soft landing.
Mars Pathfinder and Sojourner rover
Mars Pathfinder and Sojourner rover
Mission
Mars Pathfinder and Sojourner rover
Country/Agency
USA
Date of landing/impact
4 July 1997
Coordinates
19°08′N 33°13′W / 19.13°N 33.22°W / 19.13; -33.22
Notes
First airbag landing on Mars and first Mars rover.
Mars Polar Lander and two penetrators Deep Space 2
Mars Polar Lander and two penetrators Deep Space 2
Mission
Mars Polar Lander and two penetrators Deep Space 2
Country/Agency
USA
Date of landing/impact
3 December 1999
Coordinates
73°N 210°W / 73°N 210°W / 73; -210
Notes
Contact lost prior to landing.
Beagle 2
Beagle 2
Mission
Beagle 2
Country/Agency
UK/ ESA
Date of landing/impact
25 December 2003
Coordinates
11°31′35″N 90°25′46″E / 11.5265°N 90.4295°E / 11.5265; 90.4295
Notes
Successful soft landing. No contact due to solar "petals" not deploying fully, blocking antenna.
MER-A Spirit
MER-A Spirit
Mission
MER-A Spirit
Country/Agency
USA
Date of landing/impact
3 January 2004
Coordinates
14°34′18″S 175°28′43″E / 14.5718°S 175.4785°E / -14.5718; 175.4785
Notes
Mars rover. Contact lost 22 March 2010.
MER-B Opportunity
MER-B Opportunity
Mission
MER-B Opportunity
Country/Agency
USA
Date of landing/impact
25 January 2004
Coordinates
1°56′46″S 5°31′36″W / 1.9462°S 5.5266°W / -1.9462; -5.5266
Notes
Mars rover. Contact lost 10 June 2018.
Phoenix
Phoenix
Mission
Phoenix
Country/Agency
USA
Date of landing/impact
25 May 2008
Coordinates
68°13′08″N 125°44′57″W / 68.2188°N 125.7492°W / 68.2188; -125.7492
Notes
Successful soft landing in the north polar region.
Mars Science Laboratory (Curiosity)
Mars Science Laboratory (Curiosity)
Mission
Mars Science Laboratory (Curiosity)
Country/Agency
USA
Date of landing/impact
6 August 2012
Coordinates
4°35′22″S 137°26′30″E / 4.5895°S 137.4417°E / -4.5895; 137.4417
Notes
Mars rover. Landed in Gale Crater.
ExoMars Schiaparelli EDM lander
ExoMars Schiaparelli EDM lander
Mission
ExoMars Schiaparelli EDM lander
Country/Agency
ESA RFSA
Date of landing/impact
19 October 2016
Coordinates
2°04′S 353°47′E / 2.07°S 353.79°E / -2.07; 353.79
Notes
Contact lost after entry and parachute deployment, but before planned landing. Hard impact on the surface.
InSight
InSight
Mission
InSight
Country/Agency
USA
Date of landing/impact
26 November 2018
Coordinates
4°30′N 135°54′E / 4.5°N 135.9°E / 4.5; 135.9 (InSight landing site)
Notes
Successful soft landing.
Mars 2020 Perseverance rover and Ingenuity helicopter
Mars 2020 Perseverance rover and Ingenuity helicopter
Mission
Mars 2020 Perseverance rover and Ingenuity helicopter
Country/Agency
USA
Date of landing/impact
18 February 2021
Coordinates
18°26′41″N 77°27′03″E / 18.4447°N 77.4508°E / 18.4447; 77.4508
Notes
Mars rover and helicopter. Successful soft landing in Jezero Crater. Helicopter deployed from rover on 3 April 2021.
Tianwen-1 lander and Zhurong rover
Tianwen-1 lander and Zhurong rover
Mission
Tianwen-1 lander and Zhurong rover
Country/Agency
China
Date of landing/impact
14 May 2021
Coordinates
25°06′N 109°54′E / 25.1°N 109.9°E / 25.1; 109.9
Notes
Successful soft landing in Utopia Planitia. Zhurong rover deployed on 22 May 2021.
| Mission | Country/Agency | Date of landing/impact | Coordinates | Notes |
| Mars 2 lander | USSR | 27 November 1971 | 45°S 30°W / 45°S 30°W / -45; -30 | First man-made object on Mars. No contact after crash landing. |
| Mars 3 lander | USSR | 2 December 1971 | 45°S 158°W / 45°S 158°W / -45; -158 | First soft landing on Mars. Transmission began about 90 seconds after landing. Transmitted a partial image for 14.5 seconds before the signal was lost. |
| Mars 6 lander | USSR | 12 March 1974 | 23°54′S 19°25′W / 23.90°S 19.42°W / -23.90; -19.42 | Contact lost at landing. |
| Viking 1 lander | USA | 20 July 1976 | 22°41′49″N 48°13′19″W / 22.697°N 48.222°W / 22.697; -48.222 | Successful soft landing. First to send images in color, as well as to perform in situ biological experiments with the Martian soil. |
| Viking 2 lander | USA | 3 September 1976 | 48°16′08″N 134°00′36″E / 48.269°N 134.010°E / 48.269; 134.010 | Successful soft landing. |
| Mars Pathfinder and Sojourner rover | USA | 4 July 1997 | 19°08′N 33°13′W / 19.13°N 33.22°W / 19.13; -33.22 | First airbag landing on Mars and first Mars rover. |
| Mars Polar Lander and two penetrators Deep Space 2 | USA | 3 December 1999 | 73°N 210°W / 73°N 210°W / 73; -210 | Contact lost prior to landing. |
| Beagle 2 | UK/ ESA | 25 December 2003 | 11°31′35″N 90°25′46″E / 11.5265°N 90.4295°E / 11.5265; 90.4295 | Successful soft landing. No contact due to solar "petals" not deploying fully, blocking antenna. |
| MER-A Spirit | USA | 3 January 2004 | 14°34′18″S 175°28′43″E / 14.5718°S 175.4785°E / -14.5718; 175.4785 | Mars rover. Contact lost 22 March 2010. |
| MER-B Opportunity | USA | 25 January 2004 | 1°56′46″S 5°31′36″W / 1.9462°S 5.5266°W / -1.9462; -5.5266 | Mars rover. Contact lost 10 June 2018. |
| Phoenix | USA | 25 May 2008 | 68°13′08″N 125°44′57″W / 68.2188°N 125.7492°W / 68.2188; -125.7492 | Successful soft landing in the north polar region. |
| Mars Science Laboratory (Curiosity) | USA | 6 August 2012 | 4°35′22″S 137°26′30″E / 4.5895°S 137.4417°E / -4.5895; 137.4417 | Mars rover. Landed in Gale Crater. |
| ExoMars Schiaparelli EDM lander | ESA RFSA | 19 October 2016 | 2°04′S 353°47′E / 2.07°S 353.79°E / -2.07; 353.79 | Contact lost after entry and parachute deployment, but before planned landing. Hard impact on the surface. |
| InSight | USA | 26 November 2018 | InSight landing site) | Successful soft landing. |
| Mars 2020 Perseverance rover and Ingenuity helicopter | USA | 18 February 2021 | 18°26′41″N 77°27′03″E / 18.4447°N 77.4508°E / 18.4447; 77.4508 | Mars rover and helicopter. Successful soft landing in Jezero Crater. Helicopter deployed from rover on 3 April 2021. |
| Tianwen-1 lander and Zhurong rover | China | 14 May 2021 | 25°06′N 109°54′E / 25.1°N 109.9°E / 25.1; 109.9 | Successful soft landing in Utopia Planitia. Zhurong rover deployed on 22 May 2021. |
· Planets › Jupiter
Galileo atmospheric probe
Galileo atmospheric probe
Mission
Galileo atmospheric probe
Country/Agency
USA
Date of landing/impact
7 December 1995
Notes
Atmospheric probe of Jupiter.
Galileo
Galileo
Mission
Galileo
Country/Agency
USA
Date of landing/impact
21 September 2003
Notes
Main craft was intentionally directed at Jupiter and disintegrated in Jovian atmosphere.
| Mission | Country/Agency | Date of landing/impact | Notes |
| Galileo atmospheric probe | USA | 7 December 1995 | Atmospheric probe of Jupiter. |
| Galileo | USA | 21 September 2003 | Main craft was intentionally directed at Jupiter and disintegrated in Jovian atmosphere. |
· Planets › Saturn
Cassini orbiter
Cassini orbiter
Mission
Cassini orbiter
Country/ Agency
USA
Date of landing/impact
15 September 2017
Notes
Main craft was intentionally directed at Saturn and disintegrated in Saturn's atmosphere
| Mission | Country/ Agency | Date of landing/impact | Notes |
| Cassini orbiter | USA | 15 September 2017 | Main craft was intentionally directed at Saturn and disintegrated in Saturn's atmosphere |
· Planetary moons › Earth's Moon
Luna 2
Luna 2
Mission
Luna 2
Country/Agency
USSR
Date of landing/impact
13 September 1959
Coordinates
29°06′N 0°00′E / 29.1°N -0°E / 29.1; -0
Notes
Intentional hard impact.
Ranger 4
Ranger 4
Mission
Ranger 4
Country/Agency
USA
Date of landing/impact
26 April 1962
Coordinates
15°30′S 130°42′W / 15.5°S 130.7°W / -15.5; -130.7
Notes
Unintentional hard impact; hit lunar far side due to failure of navigation system.
Ranger 6
Ranger 6
Mission
Ranger 6
Country/Agency
USA
Date of landing/impact
2 February 1964
Coordinates
9°24′N 21°30′E / 9.4°N 21.5°E / 9.4; 21.5
Notes
Intentional hard impact.
Ranger 7
Ranger 7
Mission
Ranger 7
Country/Agency
USA
Date of landing/impact
31 July 1964
Coordinates
10°21′S 20°35′W / 10.35°S 20.58°W / -10.35; -20.58
Notes
Intentional hard impact.
Ranger 8
Ranger 8
Mission
Ranger 8
Country/Agency
USA
Date of landing/impact
20 February 1965
Coordinates
2°43′N 24°37′E / 2.72°N 24.61°E / 2.72; 24.61
Notes
Intentional hard impact.
Ranger 9
Ranger 9
Mission
Ranger 9
Country/Agency
USA
Date of landing/impact
24 March 1965
Coordinates
12°50′S 2°22′W / 12.83°S 2.37°W / -12.83; -2.37
Notes
Intentional hard impact.
Luna 5
Luna 5
Mission
Luna 5
Country/Agency
USSR
Date of landing/impact
12 May 1965
Coordinates
31°S 8°W / 31°S 8°W / -31; -8
Notes
Unsuccessful attempt at soft landing; crashed into Moon.
Luna 7
Luna 7
Mission
Luna 7
Country/Agency
USSR
Date of landing/impact
7 October 1965
Coordinates
9°48′N 47°48′W / 9.8°N 47.8°W / 9.8; -47.8
Notes
Unsuccessful attempt at soft landing; crashed into Moon.
Luna 8
Luna 8
Mission
Luna 8
Country/Agency
USSR
Date of landing/impact
6 December 1965
Coordinates
9°36′N 62°00′W / 9.6°N 62°W / 9.6; -62
Notes
Unsuccessful attempt at soft landing; crashed into Moon.
Luna 9
Luna 9
Mission
Luna 9
Country/Agency
USSR
Date of landing/impact
3 February 1966
Coordinates
7°08′N 64°22′W / 7.13°N 64.37°W / 7.13; -64.37
Notes
First successful soft landing; first pictures from the surface.
Surveyor 1
Surveyor 1
Mission
Surveyor 1
Country/Agency
USA
Date of landing/impact
2 June 1966
Coordinates
2°28′S 43°20′W / 2.47°S 43.33°W / -2.47; -43.33
Notes
Soft landing.
Surveyor 2
Surveyor 2
Mission
Surveyor 2
Country/Agency
USA
Date of landing/impact
23 September 1966
Coordinates
4°00′S 11°00′W / 04.0°S 11.0°W / -04.0; -11.0
Notes
Unsuccessful attempt at soft landing; crashed into Moon.
Lunar Orbiter 1
Lunar Orbiter 1
Mission
Lunar Orbiter 1
Country/Agency
USA
Date of landing/impact
29 October 1966
Coordinates
6°21′N 160°43′E / 6.35°N 160.72°E / 6.35; 160.72
Notes
Lunar orbiter, intentionally crashed at end of mission.
Luna 13
Luna 13
Mission
Luna 13
Country/Agency
USSR
Date of landing/impact
24 December 1966
Coordinates
18°52′N 62°3′W / 18.867°N 62.050°W / 18.867; -62.050
Notes
Soft landing.
Surveyor 3
Surveyor 3
Mission
Surveyor 3
Country/Agency
USA
Date of landing/impact
20 April 1967
Coordinates
3°01′41″S 23°27′30″W / 3.028175°S 23.458208°W / -3.028175; -23.458208
Notes
Soft landing. First lander visited by a later crewed mission (Apollo 12) that even brought its components.
Surveyor 4
Surveyor 4
Mission
Surveyor 4
Country/Agency
USA
Date of landing/impact
17 July 1967
Coordinates
0°27′N 1°23′W / 0.45°N 1.39°W / 0.45; -1.39
Notes
Contact lost on descent.
Surveyor 5
Surveyor 5
Mission
Surveyor 5
Country/Agency
USA
Date of landing/impact
11 September 1967
Coordinates
1°28′N 23°12′E / 1.46°N 23.20°E / 1.46; 23.20
Notes
Soft landing.
Surveyor 6
Surveyor 6
Mission
Surveyor 6
Country/Agency
USA
Date of landing/impact
10 November 1967
Coordinates
0°29′N 1°24′W / 0.49°N 1.40°W / 0.49; -1.40
Notes
Soft landing.
Surveyor 7
Surveyor 7
Mission
Surveyor 7
Country/Agency
USA
Date of landing/impact
10 January 1968
Coordinates
40°52′S 11°28′W / 40.86°S 11.47°W / -40.86; -11.47
Notes
Soft landing.
Apollo 11
Apollo 11
Mission
Apollo 11
Country/Agency
USA
Date of landing/impact
20 July 1969
Coordinates
0°40′26.69″N 23°28′22.69″E / 0.6740806°N 23.4729694°E / 0.6740806; 23.4729694
Notes
First crewed landing on an extraterrestrial body.
Luna 15
Luna 15
Mission
Luna 15
Country/Agency
USSR
Date of landing/impact
21 July 1969
Coordinates
17°N 60°E / 17°N 60°E / 17; 60
Notes
Possible attempted sample return; crashed into Moon.
Not a crewed mission.
Apollo 12
Apollo 12
Mission
Apollo 12
Country/Agency
USA
Date of landing/impact
18 November 1969
Coordinates
3°00′45″S 23°25′18″W / 3.012389°S 23.421569°W / -3.012389; -23.421569
Notes
Crewed mission.
Apollo 13
Apollo 13
Mission
Apollo 13
Country/Agency
USA
Date of landing/impact
14 April 1970
Coordinates
N/A
Notes
S-IVB stage crashed for seismic research (rocket stages from some other Apollo missions that successfully landed were also crashed in this manner)
Luna 16
Luna 16
Mission
Luna 16
Country/Agency
USSR
Date of landing/impact
20 September 1970
Coordinates
0°41′S 56°18′E / 0.683°S 56.300°E / -0.683; 56.300
Notes
First successful robotic sample return.
Luna 17/Lunokhod 1
Luna 17/Lunokhod 1
Mission
Luna 17/Lunokhod 1
Country/Agency
USSR
Date of landing/impact
17 November 1970
Coordinates
38°17′N 35°0′W / 38.283°N 35.000°W / 38.283; -35.000
Notes
Robotic lunar rover.
Apollo 14
Apollo 14
Mission
Apollo 14
Country/Agency
USA
Date of landing/impact
5 February 1971
Coordinates
3°38′43.08″S 17°28′16.90″W / 3.6453000°S 17.4713611°W / -3.6453000; -17.4713611
Notes
Crewed mission.
Apollo 15
Apollo 15
Mission
Apollo 15
Country/Agency
USA
Date of landing/impact
30 July 1971
Coordinates
26°7′55.99″N 3°38′1.90″E / 26.1322194°N 3.6338611°E / 26.1322194; 3.6338611 (Apollo 15 landing)
Notes
Crewed mission; lunar rover.
Luna 18
Luna 18
Mission
Luna 18
Country/Agency
USSR
Date of landing/impact
11 September 1971
Coordinates
3°34′N 56°30′E / 3.567°N 56.500°E / 3.567; 56.500
Notes
Failed attempt at sample return; probable crash-landing.
Luna 20
Luna 20
Mission
Luna 20
Country/Agency
USSR
Date of landing/impact
21 February 1972
Coordinates
3°32′N 56°33′E / 3.533°N 56.550°E / 3.533; 56.550
Notes
Robotic sample return.
Apollo 16
Apollo 16
Mission
Apollo 16
Country/Agency
USA
Date of landing/impact
21 April 1972
Coordinates
8°58′22.84″S 15°30′0.68″E / 8.9730111°S 15.5001889°E / -8.9730111; 15.5001889
Notes
Crewed mission; lunar rover.
Apollo 17
Apollo 17
Mission
Apollo 17
Country/Agency
USA
Date of landing/impact
7 December 1972
Coordinates
20°11′26.88″N 30°46′18.05″E / 20.1908000°N 30.7716806°E / 20.1908000; 30.7716806 (Apollo 17 landing)
Notes
Crewed mission; lunar rover. Last crewed landing on extraterrestrial bodies to date.
Luna 21/Lunokhod 2
Luna 21/Lunokhod 2
Mission
Luna 21/Lunokhod 2
Country/Agency
USSR
Date of landing/impact
8 January 1973
Coordinates
25°51′N 30°27′E / 25.850°N 30.450°E / 25.850; 30.450
Notes
Robotic lunar rover.
Luna 23
Luna 23
Mission
Luna 23
Country/Agency
USSR
Date of landing/impact
6 November 1974
Coordinates
12°40′01″N 62°09′04″E / 12.6669°N 62.1511°E / 12.6669; 62.1511
Notes
Failed attempt at sample return; damaged on landing. Operated for 3 days on the surface.
Luna 24
Luna 24
Mission
Luna 24
Country/Agency
USSR
Date of landing/impact
18 August 1976
Coordinates
12°45′N 62°12′E / 12.750°N 62.200°E / 12.750; 62.200
Notes
Robotic sample return.
Hiten
Hiten
Mission
Hiten
Country/Agency
Japan
Date of landing/impact
10 April 1993
Coordinates
34°18′S 55°36′E / 34.3°S 55.6°E / -34.3; 55.6
Notes
Lunar orbiter, intentionally crashed at end of mission.
Lunar Prospector
Lunar Prospector
Mission
Lunar Prospector
Country/Agency
USA
Date of landing/impact
31 July 1999
Coordinates
87°42′S 42°06′E / 87.7°S 42.1°E / -87.7; 42.1
Notes
Lunar orbiter, intentionally crashed into polar crater at end of mission to test for liberation of water vapour (not detected).
SMART-1
SMART-1
Mission
SMART-1
Country/Agency
ESA
Date of landing/impact
3 September 2006
Coordinates
34°15′43″S 46°11′35″W / 34.262°S 46.193°W / -34.262; -46.193
Notes
Lunar orbiter, intentionally crashed at end of mission.
Chandrayaan-1 Moon Impact Probe
Chandrayaan-1 Moon Impact Probe
Mission
Chandrayaan-1 Moon Impact Probe
Country/Agency
India
Date of landing/impact
14 November 2008
Coordinates
89°33′S 122°56′W / 89.55°S 122.93°W / -89.55; -122.93
Notes
Impactor. Water found.
SELENE Rstar (Okina)
SELENE Rstar (Okina)
Mission
SELENE Rstar (Okina)
Country/Agency
Japan
Date of landing/impact
12 February 2009
Coordinates
28°12′47″N 159°01′59″W / 28.213°N 159.033°W / 28.213; -159.033
Notes
Lunar orbiter, intentionally crashed at end of mission.
Chang'e 1
Chang'e 1
Mission
Chang'e 1
Country/Agency
China
Date of landing/impact
1 March 2009
Coordinates
1°30′S 52°22′E / 1.50°S 52.36°E / -1.50; 52.36
Notes
Lunar orbiter, intentionally crashed at end of mission.
Kaguya
Kaguya
Mission
Kaguya
Country/Agency
Japan
Date of landing/impact
10 June 2009
Coordinates
65°30′S 80°24′E / 65.50°S 80.4°E / -65.50; 80.4
Notes
Lunar orbiter, intentionally crashed at end of mission.
LCROSS (Centaur)
LCROSS (Centaur)
Mission
LCROSS (Centaur)
Country/Agency
USA
Date of landing/impact
9 October 2009
Coordinates
84°40′30″S 48°43′30″W / 84.675°S 48.725°W / -84.675; -48.725 84°43′44″S 49°21′36″W / 84.729°S 49.360°W / -84.729; -49.360
Notes
Impactors. Water confirmed.
LCROSS (Shepherding Spacecraft)
LCROSS (Shepherding Spacecraft)
Mission
LCROSS (Shepherding Spacecraft)
Chang'e 3
Chang'e 3
Mission
Chang'e 3
Country/Agency
China
Date of landing/impact
14 December 2013
Coordinates
44°07′N 19°31′W / 44.12°N 19.51°W / 44.12; -19.51
Notes
First soft landing on the Moon since 1976, lunar rover.
Chang'e 4
Chang'e 4
Mission
Chang'e 4
Country/Agency
China
Date of landing/impact
3 January 2019
Coordinates
45°30′S 177°36′E / 45.5°S 177.6°E / -45.5; 177.6
Notes
First soft landing on the far side of the Moon, lunar rover.
Beresheet
Beresheet
Mission
Beresheet
Country/Agency
Israel
Date of landing/impact
11 April 2019
Coordinates
32°35′44″N 19°20′59″E / 32.5956°N 19.3496°E / 32.5956; 19.3496
Notes
Israeli lunar lander crash landed on the Moon.
Chandrayaan-2
Chandrayaan-2
Mission
Chandrayaan-2
Country/Agency
India
Date of landing/impact
8 September 2019
Coordinates
70°52′52″S 22°47′02″E / 70.8810°S 22.7840°E / -70.8810; 22.7840
Notes
First attempt to land near the Moon's south pole; lost contact at 2.1 km and crashed.
Chang'e 5
Chang'e 5
Mission
Chang'e 5
Country/Agency
China
Date of landing/impact
1 December 2020
Coordinates
43°03′27″N 51°54′58″W / 43.0576°N 51.9161°W / 43.0576; -51.9161
Notes
First lunar sample return mission by China. Sample successfully returned to Earth on 16 December 2020.
7 December 2020
7 December 2020
Mission
7 December 2020
Country/Agency
30°S 0°E / 30°S 0°E / -30; 0
Date of landing/impact
Intentional impact of ascent stage after delivering sample to orbiter.
Hakuto-R Mission 1
Hakuto-R Mission 1
Mission
Hakuto-R Mission 1
Country/Agency
Japan
Date of landing/impact
25 April 2023
Coordinates
47°34′52″N 44°05′38″E / 47.581°N 44.094°E / 47.581; 44.094
Notes
Unsuccessful attempt; contact was lost before landing alongside the lander being crash-landed.
Luna 25
Luna 25
Mission
Luna 25
Country/Agency
Russia
Date of landing/impact
19 August 2023
Coordinates
57°51′54″S 61°21′36″E / 57.865°S 61.360°E / -57.865; 61.360
Notes
Unsuccessful attempt; crashed on lunar surface after failure during lunar orbit insertion.
Chandrayaan-3
Chandrayaan-3
Mission
Chandrayaan-3
Country/Agency
India
Date of landing/impact
23 August 2023
Coordinates
69°22′23″S 32°19′08″E / 69.373°S 32.319°E / -69.373; 32.319
Notes
Soft landing. First Indian soft landing. First soft landing in the south pole region of the Moon. Lunar rover.
Smart Lander for Investigating Moon (SLIM)
Smart Lander for Investigating Moon (SLIM)
Mission
Smart Lander for Investigating Moon (SLIM)
Country/Agency
Japan
Date of landing/impact
19 January 2024
Coordinates
13°18′58″S 25°15′04″E / 13.316°S 25.251°E / -13.316; 25.251
Notes
Soft landing. First Japanese soft landing. Two lunar rovers.
IM-1 Odysseus
IM-1 Odysseus
Mission
IM-1 Odysseus
Country/Agency
USA
Date of landing/impact
22 February 2024
Coordinates
80°08′S 1°26′E / 80.13°S 1.44°E / -80.13; 1.44
Notes
First successful soft landing by a commercial lander (Nova-C lander made by Intuitive Machines).
Chang'e 6
Chang'e 6
Mission
Chang'e 6
Country/Agency
China
Date of landing/impact
1 June 2024
Coordinates
41°38′19″S 153°59′07″W / 41.6385°S 153.9852°W / -41.6385; -153.9852
Notes
First far side lunar sample return mission by China. Sample returned to Earth in June 2024.
6 June 2024
6 June 2024
Mission
6 June 2024
Country/Agency
39°00′S 180°00′E / 39.0°S 180.0°E / -39.0; 180.0
Date of landing/impact
Intentional impact of ascent stage conducted after delivering sample to orbiter.
Blue Ghost M1 TO 19D
Blue Ghost M1 TO 19D
Mission
Blue Ghost M1 TO 19D
Country/Agency
USA
Date of landing/impact
2 March 2025
Coordinates
18°34′N 61°49′E / 18.56°N 61.81°E / 18.56; 61.81
Notes
Commercial Blue Ghost lander made by Firefly Aerospace. Successful soft landing at Mare Crisium near Mons Latreille.
IM-2 Athena
IM-2 Athena
Mission
IM-2 Athena
Country/Agency
USA
Date of landing/impact
6 March 2025
Coordinates
85°S 31°W / 85°S 31°W / -85; -31
Notes
Commercial Nova-C lander made by Intuitive Machines, damaged on landing. Operated for less than a day on the surface.
Hakuto-R Mission 2 Resilience
Hakuto-R Mission 2 Resilience
Mission
Hakuto-R Mission 2 Resilience
Country/Agency
Japan
Date of landing/impact
5 June 2025
Coordinates
60°30′N 4°36′W / 60.5°N 4.6°W / 60.5; -4.6
Notes
Commercial Hakuto-R lander made by ispace Inc.. Unsuccessful attempt; contact was lost before landing alongside the lander being crash-landed.
KLEP
KLEP
Mission
KLEP
Country/Agency
KOR
Date of landing/impact
NET NET 2032
Notes
Second mission of the Korean Lunar Exploration Program.
| Mission | Country/Agency | Date of landing/impact | Coordinates | Notes |
| Luna 2 | USSR | 13 September 1959 | 29°06′N 0°00′E / 29.1°N -0°E / 29.1; -0 | Intentional hard impact. |
| Ranger 4 | USA | 26 April 1962 | 15°30′S 130°42′W / 15.5°S 130.7°W / -15.5; -130.7 | Unintentional hard impact; hit lunar far side due to failure of navigation system. |
| Ranger 6 | USA | 2 February 1964 | 9°24′N 21°30′E / 9.4°N 21.5°E / 9.4; 21.5 | Intentional hard impact. |
| Ranger 7 | USA | 31 July 1964 | 10°21′S 20°35′W / 10.35°S 20.58°W / -10.35; -20.58 | Intentional hard impact. |
| Ranger 8 | USA | 20 February 1965 | 2°43′N 24°37′E / 2.72°N 24.61°E / 2.72; 24.61 | Intentional hard impact. |
| Ranger 9 | USA | 24 March 1965 | 12°50′S 2°22′W / 12.83°S 2.37°W / -12.83; -2.37 | Intentional hard impact. |
| Luna 5 | USSR | 12 May 1965 | 31°S 8°W / 31°S 8°W / -31; -8 | Unsuccessful attempt at soft landing; crashed into Moon. |
| Luna 7 | USSR | 7 October 1965 | 9°48′N 47°48′W / 9.8°N 47.8°W / 9.8; -47.8 | Unsuccessful attempt at soft landing; crashed into Moon. |
| Luna 8 | USSR | 6 December 1965 | 9°36′N 62°00′W / 9.6°N 62°W / 9.6; -62 | Unsuccessful attempt at soft landing; crashed into Moon. |
| Luna 9 | USSR | 3 February 1966 | 7°08′N 64°22′W / 7.13°N 64.37°W / 7.13; -64.37 | First successful soft landing; first pictures from the surface. |
| Surveyor 1 | USA | 2 June 1966 | 2°28′S 43°20′W / 2.47°S 43.33°W / -2.47; -43.33 | Soft landing. |
| Surveyor 2 | USA | 23 September 1966 | 4°00′S 11°00′W / 04.0°S 11.0°W / -04.0; -11.0 | Unsuccessful attempt at soft landing; crashed into Moon. |
| Lunar Orbiter 1 | USA | 29 October 1966 | 6°21′N 160°43′E / 6.35°N 160.72°E / 6.35; 160.72 | Lunar orbiter, intentionally crashed at end of mission. |
| Luna 13 | USSR | 24 December 1966 | 18°52′N 62°3′W / 18.867°N 62.050°W / 18.867; -62.050 | Soft landing. |
| Surveyor 3 | USA | 20 April 1967 | 3°01′41″S 23°27′30″W / 3.028175°S 23.458208°W / -3.028175; -23.458208 | Soft landing. First lander visited by a later crewed mission (Apollo 12) that even brought its components. |
| Surveyor 4 | USA | 17 July 1967 | 0°27′N 1°23′W / 0.45°N 1.39°W / 0.45; -1.39 | Contact lost on descent. |
| Surveyor 5 | USA | 11 September 1967 | 1°28′N 23°12′E / 1.46°N 23.20°E / 1.46; 23.20 | Soft landing. |
| Surveyor 6 | USA | 10 November 1967 | 0°29′N 1°24′W / 0.49°N 1.40°W / 0.49; -1.40 | Soft landing. |
| Surveyor 7 | USA | 10 January 1968 | 40°52′S 11°28′W / 40.86°S 11.47°W / -40.86; -11.47 | Soft landing. |
| Apollo 11 | USA | 20 July 1969 | 0°40′26.69″N 23°28′22.69″E / 0.6740806°N 23.4729694°E / 0.6740806; 23.4729694 | First crewed landing on an extraterrestrial body. |
| Luna 15 | USSR | 21 July 1969 | 17°N 60°E / 17°N 60°E / 17; 60 | Possible attempted sample return; crashed into Moon. Not a crewed mission. |
| Apollo 12 | USA | 18 November 1969 | 3°00′45″S 23°25′18″W / 3.012389°S 23.421569°W / -3.012389; -23.421569 | Crewed mission. |
| Apollo 13 | USA | 14 April 1970 | N/A | S-IVB stage crashed for seismic research (rocket stages from some other Apollo missions that successfully landed were also crashed in this manner) |
| Luna 16 | USSR | 20 September 1970 | 0°41′S 56°18′E / 0.683°S 56.300°E / -0.683; 56.300 | First successful robotic sample return. |
| Luna 17/Lunokhod 1 | USSR | 17 November 1970 | 38°17′N 35°0′W / 38.283°N 35.000°W / 38.283; -35.000 | Robotic lunar rover. |
| Apollo 14 | USA | 5 February 1971 | 3°38′43.08″S 17°28′16.90″W / 3.6453000°S 17.4713611°W / -3.6453000; -17.4713611 | Crewed mission. |
| Apollo 15 | USA | 30 July 1971 | Apollo 15 landing) | Crewed mission; lunar rover. |
| Luna 18 | USSR | 11 September 1971 | 3°34′N 56°30′E / 3.567°N 56.500°E / 3.567; 56.500 | Failed attempt at sample return; probable crash-landing. |
| Luna 20 | USSR | 21 February 1972 | 3°32′N 56°33′E / 3.533°N 56.550°E / 3.533; 56.550 | Robotic sample return. |
| Apollo 16 | USA | 21 April 1972 | 8°58′22.84″S 15°30′0.68″E / 8.9730111°S 15.5001889°E / -8.9730111; 15.5001889 | Crewed mission; lunar rover. |
| Apollo 17 | USA | 7 December 1972 | Apollo 17 landing) | Crewed mission; lunar rover. Last crewed landing on extraterrestrial bodies to date. |
| Luna 21/Lunokhod 2 | USSR | 8 January 1973 | 25°51′N 30°27′E / 25.850°N 30.450°E / 25.850; 30.450 | Robotic lunar rover. |
| Luna 23 | USSR | 6 November 1974 | 12°40′01″N 62°09′04″E / 12.6669°N 62.1511°E / 12.6669; 62.1511 | Failed attempt at sample return; damaged on landing. Operated for 3 days on the surface. |
| Luna 24 | USSR | 18 August 1976 | 12°45′N 62°12′E / 12.750°N 62.200°E / 12.750; 62.200 | Robotic sample return. |
| Hiten | Japan | 10 April 1993 | 34°18′S 55°36′E / 34.3°S 55.6°E / -34.3; 55.6 | Lunar orbiter, intentionally crashed at end of mission. |
| Lunar Prospector | USA | 31 July 1999 | 87°42′S 42°06′E / 87.7°S 42.1°E / -87.7; 42.1 | Lunar orbiter, intentionally crashed into polar crater at end of mission to test for liberation of water vapour (not detected). |
| SMART-1 | ESA | 3 September 2006 | 34°15′43″S 46°11′35″W / 34.262°S 46.193°W / -34.262; -46.193 | Lunar orbiter, intentionally crashed at end of mission. |
| Chandrayaan-1 Moon Impact Probe | India | 14 November 2008 | 89°33′S 122°56′W / 89.55°S 122.93°W / -89.55; -122.93 | Impactor. Water found. |
| SELENE Rstar (Okina) | Japan | 12 February 2009 | 28°12′47″N 159°01′59″W / 28.213°N 159.033°W / 28.213; -159.033 | Lunar orbiter, intentionally crashed at end of mission. |
| Chang'e 1 | China | 1 March 2009 | 1°30′S 52°22′E / 1.50°S 52.36°E / -1.50; 52.36 | Lunar orbiter, intentionally crashed at end of mission. |
| Kaguya | Japan | 10 June 2009 | 65°30′S 80°24′E / 65.50°S 80.4°E / -65.50; 80.4 | Lunar orbiter, intentionally crashed at end of mission. |
| LCROSS (Centaur) | USA | 9 October 2009 | 84°40′30″S 48°43′30″W / 84.675°S 48.725°W / -84.675; -48.725 84°43′44″S 49°21′36″W / 84.729°S 49.360°W / -84.729; -49.360 | Impactors. Water confirmed. |
| LCROSS (Shepherding Spacecraft) | ||||
| Chang'e 3 | China | 14 December 2013 | 44°07′N 19°31′W / 44.12°N 19.51°W / 44.12; -19.51 | First soft landing on the Moon since 1976, lunar rover. |
| Chang'e 4 | China | 3 January 2019 | 45°30′S 177°36′E / 45.5°S 177.6°E / -45.5; 177.6 | First soft landing on the far side of the Moon, lunar rover. |
| Beresheet | Israel | 11 April 2019 | 32°35′44″N 19°20′59″E / 32.5956°N 19.3496°E / 32.5956; 19.3496 | Israeli lunar lander crash landed on the Moon. |
| Chandrayaan-2 | India | 8 September 2019 | 70°52′52″S 22°47′02″E / 70.8810°S 22.7840°E / -70.8810; 22.7840 | First attempt to land near the Moon's south pole; lost contact at 2.1 km and crashed. |
| Chang'e 5 | China | 1 December 2020 | 43°03′27″N 51°54′58″W / 43.0576°N 51.9161°W / 43.0576; -51.9161 | First lunar sample return mission by China. Sample successfully returned to Earth on 16 December 2020. |
| 7 December 2020 | 30°S 0°E / 30°S 0°E / -30; 0 | Intentional impact of ascent stage after delivering sample to orbiter. |
· Planetary moons › Moons of Saturn
Huygens probe
Huygens probe
Mission
Huygens probe
Country/Agency
ESA
Date of landing/impact
14 January 2005
Coordinates
10°17′37″S 163°10′39″E / 10.2936°S 163.1775°E / -10.2936; 163.1775
Notes
Titan floating lander. Successful soft landing. Transmitted data for 90 minutes following landing.
| Mission | Country/Agency | Date of landing/impact | Coordinates | Notes |
| Huygens probe | ESA | 14 January 2005 | 10°17′37″S 163°10′39″E / 10.2936°S 163.1775°E / -10.2936; 163.1775 | Titan floating lander. Successful soft landing. Transmitted data for 90 minutes following landing. |
· Other bodies › Asteroids
Eros
Eros
Body
Eros
Mission
NEAR Shoemaker
Country/Agency
USA
Date of landing/impact
12 February 2001
Notes
Designed as an orbiter, but an improvised landing was carried out on completion of the main mission. Transmission from the surface continued for about 16 days.
Itokawa
Itokawa
Body
Itokawa
Mission
Hayabusa
Country/Agency
Japan
Date of landing/impact
19 November 2005
Notes
Accidentally stayed for 30 min.
25 November 2005
25 November 2005
Body
25 November 2005
Mission
Stayed for 1 sec. Sample return (very small amount of dust successfully returned to Earth).
Ryugu
Ryugu
Body
Ryugu
Mission
Hayabusa2
Country/Agency
Japan
Date of landing/impact
21 September 2018
Notes
MINERVA-II Rover-1A and Rover-1B, deployed successfully and returned data from the surface.
France / Germany
France / Germany
Body
France / Germany
Mission
3 October 2018
Country/Agency
MASCOT rover, deployed successfully and returned data from the surface.
Japan
Japan
Body
Japan
Mission
21 February 2019
Country/Agency
Hayabusa2 first touchdown. Successfully collected sample from the surface. Sample returned to Earth on 5 December 2020.
5 April 2019
5 April 2019
Body
5 April 2019
Mission
Small Carry-on Impactor (SCI), fired at surface to create a crater from which to sample sub-surface material
April 2019
April 2019
Body
April 2019
Mission
Deployable Camera 3, photographed the impact created by the Small carry-on Impactor. Presumed to have fallen on the asteroid.
11 July 2019
11 July 2019
Body
11 July 2019
Mission
Hayabusa2 second touchdown. Successfully collected sub-surface material sample from the crater created by the SCI. Sample returned to Earth on 5 December 2020.
October 2019
October 2019
Body
October 2019
Mission
MINERVA-II Rover-2, failed before deployment, so it was released in orbit around the asteroid to perform gravitational measurements before it impacted a few days later.
Bennu
Bennu
Body
Bennu
Mission
OSIRIS-REx
Country/Agency
USA
Date of landing/impact
20 October 2020
Notes
OSIRIS-REx touchdown, collected sample from surface. Sample returned to Earth on 24 September 2023
Dimorphos
Dimorphos
Body
Dimorphos
Mission
Double Asteroid Redirection Test
Country/Agency
USA
Date of landing/impact
26 September 2022
Notes
Intentional hard impact. First Solar System body intentionally deviated (slightly) off its orbit.
| Body | Mission | Country/Agency | Date of landing/impact | Notes |
| Eros | NEAR Shoemaker | USA | 12 February 2001 | Designed as an orbiter, but an improvised landing was carried out on completion of the main mission. Transmission from the surface continued for about 16 days. |
| Itokawa | Hayabusa | Japan | 19 November 2005 | Accidentally stayed for 30 min. |
| 25 November 2005 | Stayed for 1 sec. Sample return (very small amount of dust successfully returned to Earth). | |||
| Ryugu | Hayabusa2 | Japan | 21 September 2018 | MINERVA-II Rover-1A and Rover-1B, deployed successfully and returned data from the surface. |
| France / Germany | 3 October 2018 | MASCOT rover, deployed successfully and returned data from the surface. | ||
| Japan | 21 February 2019 | Hayabusa2 first touchdown. Successfully collected sample from the surface. Sample returned to Earth on 5 December 2020. | ||
| 5 April 2019 | Small Carry-on Impactor (SCI), fired at surface to create a crater from which to sample sub-surface material | |||
| April 2019 | Deployable Camera 3, photographed the impact created by the Small carry-on Impactor. Presumed to have fallen on the asteroid. | |||
| 11 July 2019 | Hayabusa2 second touchdown. Successfully collected sub-surface material sample from the crater created by the SCI. Sample returned to Earth on 5 December 2020. | |||
| October 2019 | MINERVA-II Rover-2, failed before deployment, so it was released in orbit around the asteroid to perform gravitational measurements before it impacted a few days later. | |||
| Bennu | OSIRIS-REx | USA | 20 October 2020 | OSIRIS-REx touchdown, collected sample from surface. Sample returned to Earth on 24 September 2023 |
| Dimorphos | Double Asteroid Redirection Test | USA | 26 September 2022 | Intentional hard impact. First Solar System body intentionally deviated (slightly) off its orbit. |
· Other bodies › Comets
Comet 9P/Tempel 1
Comet 9P/Tempel 1
Body
Comet 9P/Tempel 1
Mission
Deep Impact
Country/Agency
USA
Date of landing/impact
4 July 2005
Notes
Impactor.
Comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko
Comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko
Body
Comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko
Mission
Rosetta
Country/Agency
ESA
Date of landing/impact
12 November 2014
Notes
Philae lander. Successful soft landing, but anchors misfired and Philae bounced multiple times before coming to rest. Philae transmitted briefly but could not maintain power due to its awkward landing.
29 September 2016
29 September 2016
Body
29 September 2016
Mission
The Rosetta orbiter was intentionally crashed into the comet.
| Body | Mission | Country/Agency | Date of landing/impact | Notes |
| Comet 9P/Tempel 1 | Deep Impact | USA | 4 July 2005 | Impactor. |
| Comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko | Rosetta | ESA | 12 November 2014 | Philae lander. Successful soft landing, but anchors misfired and Philae bounced multiple times before coming to rest. Philae transmitted briefly but could not maintain power due to its awkward landing. |
| 29 September 2016 | The Rosetta orbiter was intentionally crashed into the comet. |
References
- Russian planetary explorationhttps://books.google.com/books?id=jKmIclMIwPAC&pg=PA101
- "Pioneer Venus Probes"https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/pvprobes.html
- "NSSDC Master Catalog - Venera 13 Descent Craft"https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1981-106D
- "Mars 2, 3 (Mars M71 #1, #2, #3)"https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/mars-71.htm
- "Mars 3"http://www.svengrahn.pp.se/histind/Mars3/Mars3.html
- NASAhttps://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/viking.html
- "Lost Beagle2 probe found 'intact' on Mars", BBC News, 16 January 2015https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-30784886
- "Schiaparelli crash site in colour"http://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Space_Science/ExoMars/Schiaparelli_crash_site_in_colour
- "The Sky is Falling" Archived 2010-04-02 at the Wayback Machine, NASA, April 28, 2006https://science.nasa.gov/headlines/y2006/28apr_skyisfalling.htm
- Astronomy Magazinehttp://astronomy.com/news/2017/09/a-lunar-orbiters-final-resting-place
- "Result of controlled drop of lunar orbiter "KAGUYA (SELENE)""https://www.jaxa.jp/press/2009/06/20090611_kaguya_j.html
- "Future Chinese Lunar Missions"https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/lunar/cnsa_moon_future.html
- "China confirms landing site for Chang'e-5 Moon sample return"https://web.archive.org/web/20190328154816/https://gbtimes.com/china-confirms-landing-site-change-5-moon-sample-return
- "Chang'e-5 spacecraft smashes into moon after completing mission"https://spacenews.com/change-5-spacecraft-smashes-into-moon-after-completing-mission/
- Chandrayaan 3 - After The Landing What Happens Next?https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=howp3hl5Zag
- "SLIM Project Press Kit"https://global.jaxa.jp/countdown/slim/SLIM-mediakit-EN_2308.pdf
- www.lroc.asu.eduhttp://www.lroc.asu.edu/posts/1360
- "First Look: Chang'e 6"https://www.lroc.asu.edu/images/1374
- nssdc.gsfc.nasa.govhttps://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=BLUEGHOST
- "NASA's DART Mission Hits Asteroid in First-Ever Planetary Defense Test"https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-s-dart-mission-hits-asteroid-in-first-ever-planetary-defense-test