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List of justices of the Supreme Court of the United States

Updated: Wikipedia source

List of justices of the Supreme Court of the United States

The Supreme Court of the United States is the highest-ranking judicial body in the United States. Its membership, as set by the Judiciary Act of 1869, consists of the chief justice of the United States and eight associate justices, any six of whom constitute a quorum. Article II, Section 2, Clause 2 of the Constitution grants plenary power to the president of the United States to nominate, and with the advice and consent of the United States Senate, appoint justices to the Supreme Court; justices have life tenure.

Tables

· List of justices
No.
No.
Justice
No.
Justice
Portrait
Justice
Name(birth–death)
1
1
Justice
1
Justice
Justice
John Jay(1745–1829)
State
NY
Position
ChiefJustice
Succeeded
Inaugural
Date confirmed(Vote)
September 26, 1789(Acclamation)
Tenure
October 19, 1789–June 29, 1795(Resigned)
Tenure length
5 years, 253 days
Nominated by
George Washington
2
2
Justice
2
Justice
Justice
John Rutledge(1739–1800)
State
SC
Position
AssociateJustice
Succeeded
Inaugural
Date confirmed(Vote)
September 26, 1789(Acclamation)
Tenure
February 15, 1790–March 5, 1791(Resigned)
Tenure length
1 year, 18 days
3
3
Justice
3
Justice
Justice
William Cushing(1732–1810)
State
MA
Position
AssociateJustice
Succeeded
Inaugural
Date confirmed(Vote)
September 26, 1789(Acclamation)
Tenure
February 2, 1790–September 13, 1810(Died)
Tenure length
20 years, 223 days
4
4
Justice
4
Justice
Justice
James Wilson(1742–1798)
State
PA
Position
AssociateJustice
Succeeded
Inaugural
Date confirmed(Vote)
September 26, 1789(Acclamation)
Tenure
October 5, 1789–August 21, 1798(Died)
Tenure length
8 years, 320 days
5
5
Justice
5
Justice
Justice
John Blair(1732–1800)
State
VA
Position
AssociateJustice
Succeeded
Inaugural
Date confirmed(Vote)
September 26, 1789(Acclamation)
Tenure
February 2, 1790–October 25, 1795(Resigned)
Tenure length
5 years, 265 days
6
6
Justice
6
Justice
Justice
James Iredell(1751–1799)
State
NC
Position
AssociateJustice
Succeeded
Inaugural
Date confirmed(Vote)
February 10, 1790(Acclamation)
Tenure
May 12, 1790–October 20, 1799(Died)
Tenure length
9 years, 161 days
7
7
Justice
7
Justice
Justice
Thomas Johnson(1732–1819)
State
MD
Position
AssociateJustice
Succeeded
J. Rutledge
Date confirmed(Vote)
November 7, 1791(Acclamation)
Tenure
September 19, 1791–January 16, 1793(Resigned)
Tenure length
1 year, 119 days
8
8
Justice
8
Justice
Justice
William Paterson(1745–1806)
State
NJ
Position
AssociateJustice
Succeeded
T. Johnson
Date confirmed(Vote)
March 4, 1793(Acclamation)
Tenure
March 11, 1793–September 9, 1806(Died)
Tenure length
13 years, 181 days
2
2
Justice
2
Justice
Justice
John Rutledge(1739–1800)
State
SC
Position
ChiefJustice
Succeeded
Jay
Date confirmed(Vote)
December 15, 1795(10–14)
Tenure
August 12, 1795–December 15, 1795(Resigned, nomination having been rejected)
Tenure length
138 days
9
9
Justice
9
Justice
Justice
Samuel Chase(1741–1811)
State
MD
Position
AssociateJustice
Succeeded
Blair
Date confirmed(Vote)
January 27, 1796(Acclamation)
Tenure
February 4, 1796–June 19, 1811(Died)
Tenure length
15 years, 135 days
10
10
Justice
10
Justice
Justice
Oliver Ellsworth(1745–1807)
State
CT
Position
ChiefJustice
Succeeded
J. Rutledge
Date confirmed(Vote)
March 4, 1796(21–1)
Tenure
March 8, 1796–December 15, 1800(Resigned)
Tenure length
4 years, 282 days
11
11
Justice
11
Justice
Justice
Bushrod Washington(1762–1829)
State
VA
Position
AssociateJustice
Succeeded
Wilson
Date confirmed(Vote)
December 20, 1798(Acclamation)
Tenure
November 9, 1798–November 26, 1829(Died)
Tenure length
31 years, 17 days
Nominated by
John Adams
12
12
Justice
12
Justice
Justice
Alfred Moore(1755–1810)
State
NC
Position
AssociateJustice
Succeeded
Iredell
Date confirmed(Vote)
December 9, 1799(Acclamation)
Tenure
April 21, 1800–January 26, 1804(Resigned)
Tenure length
3 years, 280 days
13
13
Justice
13
Justice
Justice
John Marshall(1755–1835)
State
VA
Position
ChiefJustice
Succeeded
Ellsworth
Date confirmed(Vote)
January 27, 1801(Acclamation)
Tenure
February 4, 1801–July 6, 1835(Died)
Tenure length
34 years, 152 days
14
14
Justice
14
Justice
Justice
William Johnson(1771–1834)
State
SC
Position
AssociateJustice
Succeeded
Moore
Date confirmed(Vote)
March 24, 1804(Acclamation)
Tenure
May 7, 1804–August 4, 1834(Died)
Tenure length
30 years, 89 days
Nominated by
Thomas Jefferson
15
15
Justice
15
Justice
Justice
Henry Brockholst Livingston(1757–1823)
State
NY
Position
AssociateJustice
Succeeded
Paterson
Date confirmed(Vote)
December 17, 1806(Acclamation)
Tenure
January 20, 1807–March 18, 1823(Died)
Tenure length
16 years, 57 days
16
16
Justice
16
Justice
Justice
Thomas Todd(1765–1826)
State
KY
Position
AssociateJustice
Succeeded
new seat
Date confirmed(Vote)
March 2, 1807(Acclamation)
Tenure
May 4, 1807–February 7, 1826(Died)
Tenure length
18 years, 341 days
17
17
Justice
17
Justice
Justice
Gabriel Duvall(1752–1844)
State
MD
Position
AssociateJustice
Succeeded
S. Chase
Date confirmed(Vote)
November 18, 1811(Acclamation)
Tenure
November 23, 1811–January 14, 1835(Resigned)
Tenure length
23 years, 50 days
Nominated by
James Madison
18
18
Justice
18
Justice
Justice
Joseph Story(1779–1845)
State
MA
Position
AssociateJustice
Succeeded
Cushing
Date confirmed(Vote)
November 18, 1811(Acclamation)
Tenure
February 3, 1812–September 10, 1845(Died)
Tenure length
33 years, 219 days
19
19
Justice
19
Justice
Justice
Smith Thompson(1768–1843)
State
NY
Position
AssociateJustice
Succeeded
Livingston
Date confirmed(Vote)
December 9, 1823(Acclamation)
Tenure
September 1, 1823–December 18, 1843(Died)
Tenure length
20 years, 108 days
Nominated by
James Monroe
20
20
Justice
20
Justice
Justice
Robert Trimble(1776–1828)
State
KY
Position
AssociateJustice
Succeeded
Todd
Date confirmed(Vote)
May 9, 1826(25–5)
Tenure
June 16, 1826–August 25, 1828(Died)
Tenure length
2 years, 70 days
Nominated by
John Quincy Adams
21
21
Justice
21
Justice
Justice
John McLean(1785–1861)
State
OH
Position
AssociateJustice
Succeeded
Trimble
Date confirmed(Vote)
March 7, 1829(Acclamation)
Tenure
March 12, 1829–April 4, 1861(Died)
Tenure length
32 years, 23 days
Nominated by
Andrew Jackson
22
22
Justice
22
Justice
Justice
Henry Baldwin(1780–1844)
State
PA
Position
AssociateJustice
Succeeded
Washington
Date confirmed(Vote)
January 6, 1830(41–2)
Tenure
January 18, 1830–April 21, 1844(Died)
Tenure length
14 years, 94 days
23
23
Justice
23
Justice
Justice
James Moore Wayne(1790–1867)
State
GA
Position
AssociateJustice
Succeeded
W. Johnson
Date confirmed(Vote)
January 9, 1835(Acclamation)
Tenure
January 14, 1835–July 5, 1867(Died)
Tenure length
32 years, 172 days
24
24
Justice
24
Justice
Justice
Roger B. Taney(1777–1864)
State
MD
Position
ChiefJustice
Succeeded
J. Marshall
Date confirmed(Vote)
March 15, 1836(29–15)
Tenure
March 28, 1836–October 12, 1864(Died)
Tenure length
28 years, 198 days
25
25
Justice
25
Justice
Justice
Philip P. Barbour(1783–1841)
State
VA
Position
AssociateJustice
Succeeded
Duvall
Date confirmed(Vote)
March 15, 1836(30–11)
Tenure
May 12, 1836–February 25, 1841(Died)
Tenure length
4 years, 289 days
26
26
Justice
26
Justice
Justice
John Catron(1786–1865)
State
TN
Position
AssociateJustice
Succeeded
new seat
Date confirmed(Vote)
March 8, 1837(28–15)
Tenure
May 1, 1837–May 30, 1865(Died)
Tenure length
28 years, 29 days
27
27
Justice
27
Justice
Justice
John McKinley(1780–1852)
State
AL
Position
AssociateJustice
Succeeded
new seat
Date confirmed(Vote)
September 25, 1837(Acclamation)
Tenure
January 9, 1838–July 19, 1852(Died)
Tenure length
14 years, 192 days
Nominated by
Martin Van Buren
28
28
Justice
28
Justice
Justice
Peter Vivian Daniel(1784–1860)
State
VA
Position
AssociateJustice
Succeeded
Barbour
Date confirmed(Vote)
March 2, 1841(25–5)
Tenure
January 10, 1842–May 31, 1860(Died)
Tenure length
18 years, 142 days
29
29
Justice
29
Justice
Justice
Samuel Nelson(1792–1873)
State
NY
Position
AssociateJustice
Succeeded
Thompson
Date confirmed(Vote)
February 14, 1845(Acclamation)
Tenure
February 27, 1845–November 28, 1872(Retired)
Tenure length
27 years, 275 days
Nominated by
John Tyler
30
30
Justice
30
Justice
Justice
Levi Woodbury(1789–1851)
State
NH
Position
AssociateJustice
Succeeded
Story
Date confirmed(Vote)
January 31, 1846(Acclamation)
Tenure
September 23, 1845–September 4, 1851(Died)
Tenure length
5 years, 346 days
Nominated by
James K. Polk
31
31
Justice
31
Justice
Justice
Robert Cooper Grier(1794–1870)
State
PA
Position
AssociateJustice
Succeeded
Baldwin
Date confirmed(Vote)
August 4, 1846(Acclamation)
Tenure
August 10, 1846–January 31, 1870(Retired)
Tenure length
23 years, 174 days
32
32
Justice
32
Justice
Justice
Benjamin Robbins Curtis(1809–1874)
State
MA
Position
AssociateJustice
Succeeded
Woodbury
Date confirmed(Vote)
December 20, 1851(Acclamation)
Tenure
October 10, 1851–September 30, 1857(Resigned)
Tenure length
5 years, 355 days
Nominated by
Millard Fillmore
33
33
Justice
33
Justice
Justice
John Archibald Campbell(1811–1889)
State
AL
Position
AssociateJustice
Succeeded
McKinley
Date confirmed(Vote)
March 22, 1853(Acclamation)
Tenure
April 11, 1853–April 30, 1861(Resigned)
Tenure length
8 years, 19 days
Nominated by
Franklin Pierce
34
34
Justice
34
Justice
Justice
Nathan Clifford(1803–1881)
State
ME
Position
AssociateJustice
Succeeded
Curtis
Date confirmed(Vote)
January 12, 1858(26–23)
Tenure
January 21, 1858–July 25, 1881(Died)
Tenure length
23 years, 185 days
Nominated by
James Buchanan
35
35
Justice
35
Justice
Justice
Noah Haynes Swayne(1804–1884)
State
OH
Position
AssociateJustice
Succeeded
McLean
Date confirmed(Vote)
January 24, 1862(38–1)
Tenure
January 27, 1862–January 24, 1881(Retired)
Tenure length
18 years, 363 days
Nominated by
Abraham Lincoln
36
36
Justice
36
Justice
Justice
Samuel Freeman Miller(1816–1890)
State
IA
Position
AssociateJustice
Succeeded
Daniel
Date confirmed(Vote)
July 16, 1862(Acclamation)
Tenure
July 21, 1862–October 13, 1890(Died)
Tenure length
28 years, 84 days
37
37
Justice
37
Justice
Justice
David Davis(1815–1886)
State
IL
Position
AssociateJustice
Succeeded
Campbell
Date confirmed(Vote)
December 8, 1862(Acclamation)
Tenure
December 10, 1862–March 4, 1877(Resigned)
Tenure length
14 years, 84 days
38
38
Justice
38
Justice
Justice
Stephen Johnson Field(1816–1899)
State
CA
Position
AssociateJustice
Succeeded
new seat
Date confirmed(Vote)
March 10, 1863(Acclamation)
Tenure
May 20, 1863–December 1, 1897(Retired)
Tenure length
34 years, 195 days
39
39
Justice
39
Justice
Justice
Salmon P. Chase(1808–1873)
State
OH
Position
ChiefJustice
Succeeded
Taney
Date confirmed(Vote)
December 6, 1864(Acclamation)
Tenure
December 15, 1864–May 7, 1873(Died)
Tenure length
8 years, 143 days
40
40
Justice
40
Justice
Justice
William Strong(1808–1895)
State
PA
Position
AssociateJustice
Succeeded
Grier
Date confirmed(Vote)
February 18, 1870(No vote recorded)
Tenure
March 14, 1870–December 14, 1880(Retired)
Tenure length
10 years, 275 days
Nominated by
Ulysses S. Grant
41
41
Justice
41
Justice
Justice
Joseph P. Bradley(1813–1892)
State
NJ
Position
AssociateJustice
Succeeded
new seat
Date confirmed(Vote)
March 21, 1870(46–9)
Tenure
March 23, 1870–January 22, 1892(Died)
Tenure length
21 years, 305 days
42
42
Justice
42
Justice
Justice
Ward Hunt(1810–1886)
State
NY
Position
AssociateJustice
Succeeded
Nelson
Date confirmed(Vote)
December 11, 1872(Acclamation)
Tenure
January 9, 1873–January 27, 1882(Retired)
Tenure length
9 years, 18 days
43
43
Justice
43
Justice
Justice
Morrison Waite(1816–1888)
State
OH
Position
ChiefJustice
Succeeded
S. P. Chase
Date confirmed(Vote)
January 21, 1874(63–0)
Tenure
March 4, 1874–March 23, 1888(Died)
Tenure length
14 years, 19 days
44
44
Justice
44
Justice
Justice
John Marshall Harlan(1833–1911)
State
KY
Position
AssociateJustice
Succeeded
Davis
Date confirmed(Vote)
November 29, 1877(Acclamation)
Tenure
December 10, 1877–October 14, 1911(Died)
Tenure length
33 years, 308 days
Nominated by
Rutherford B. Hayes
45
45
Justice
45
Justice
Justice
William Burnham Woods(1824–1887)
State
GA
Position
AssociateJustice
Succeeded
Strong
Date confirmed(Vote)
December 21, 1880(39–8)
Tenure
January 5, 1881–May 14, 1887(Died)
Tenure length
6 years, 129 days
46
46
Justice
46
Justice
Justice
Stanley Matthews(1824–1889)
State
OH
Position
AssociateJustice
Succeeded
Swayne
Date confirmed(Vote)
May 12, 1881(24–23)
Tenure
May 17, 1881–March 22, 1889(Died)
Tenure length
7 years, 309 days
Nominated by
James A. Garfield
47
47
Justice
47
Justice
Justice
Horace Gray(1828–1902)
State
MA
Position
AssociateJustice
Succeeded
Clifford
Date confirmed(Vote)
December 20, 1881(51–5)
Tenure
January 9, 1882–September 15, 1902(Died)
Tenure length
20 years, 249 days
Nominated by
Chester A. Arthur
48
48
Justice
48
Justice
Justice
Samuel Blatchford(1820–1893)
State
NY
Position
AssociateJustice
Succeeded
Hunt
Date confirmed(Vote)
March 22, 1882(Acclamation)
Tenure
April 3, 1882–July 7, 1893(Died)
Tenure length
11 years, 95 days
49
49
Justice
49
Justice
Justice
Lucius QuintusCincinnatus Lamar(1825–1893)
State
MS
Position
AssociateJustice
Succeeded
Woods
Date confirmed(Vote)
January 16, 1888(32–28)
Tenure
January 18, 1888–January 23, 1893(Died)
Tenure length
5 years, 5 days
Nominated by
Grover Cleveland
50
50
Justice
50
Justice
Justice
Melville Fuller(1833–1910)
State
IL
Position
ChiefJustice
Succeeded
Waite
Date confirmed(Vote)
July 20, 1888(41–20)
Tenure
October 8, 1888–July 4, 1910(Died)
Tenure length
21 years, 269 days
51
51
Justice
51
Justice
Justice
David J. Brewer(1837–1910)
State
KS
Position
AssociateJustice
Succeeded
Matthews
Date confirmed(Vote)
December 18, 1889(53–11)
Tenure
January 6, 1890–March 28, 1910(Died)
Tenure length
20 years, 81 days
Nominated by
Benjamin Harrison
52
52
Justice
52
Justice
Justice
Henry Billings Brown(1836–1913)
State
MI
Position
AssociateJustice
Succeeded
Miller
Date confirmed(Vote)
December 29, 1890(Acclamation)
Tenure
January 5, 1891–May 28, 1906(Retired)
Tenure length
15 years, 143 days
53
53
Justice
53
Justice
Justice
George Shiras Jr.(1832–1924)
State
PA
Position
AssociateJustice
Succeeded
Bradley
Date confirmed(Vote)
July 26, 1892(Acclamation)
Tenure
October 10, 1892–February 23, 1903(Retired)
Tenure length
10 years, 136 days
54
54
Justice
54
Justice
Justice
Howell Edmunds Jackson(1832–1895)
State
TN
Position
AssociateJustice
Succeeded
L. Lamar
Date confirmed(Vote)
February 18, 1893(Acclamation)
Tenure
March 4, 1893–August 8, 1895(Died)
Tenure length
2 years, 157 days
55
55
Justice
55
Justice
Justice
Edward Douglass White(1845–1921)
State
LA
Position
AssociateJustice
Succeeded
Blatchford
Date confirmed(Vote)
February 19, 1894(Acclamation)
Tenure
March 12, 1894–December 18, 1910(Continued as chief justice)
Tenure length
16 years, 281 days
Nominated by
Grover Cleveland
56
56
Justice
56
Justice
Justice
Rufus W. Peckham(1838–1909)
State
NY
Position
AssociateJustice
Succeeded
H. Jackson
Date confirmed(Vote)
December 9, 1895(Acclamation)
Tenure
January 6, 1896–October 24, 1909(Died)
Tenure length
13 years, 291 days
57
57
Justice
57
Justice
Justice
Joseph McKenna(1843–1926)
State
CA
Position
AssociateJustice
Succeeded
Field
Date confirmed(Vote)
January 21, 1898(Acclamation)
Tenure
January 26, 1898–January 5, 1925(Retired)
Tenure length
26 years, 345 days
Nominated by
William McKinley
58
58
Justice
58
Justice
Justice
Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr.(1841–1935)
State
MA
Position
AssociateJustice
Succeeded
Gray
Date confirmed(Vote)
December 4, 1902(Acclamation)
Tenure
December 8, 1902–January 12, 1932(Retired)
Tenure length
29 years, 35 days
Nominated by
Theodore Roosevelt
59
59
Justice
59
Justice
Justice
William R. Day(1849–1923)
State
OH
Position
AssociateJustice
Succeeded
Shiras
Date confirmed(Vote)
February 23, 1903(Acclamation)
Tenure
March 2, 1903–November 13, 1922(Retired)
Tenure length
19 years, 256 days
60
60
Justice
60
Justice
Justice
William Henry Moody(1853–1917)
State
MA
Position
AssociateJustice
Succeeded
Brown
Date confirmed(Vote)
December 12, 1906(Acclamation)
Tenure
December 17, 1906–November 20, 1910(Retired)
Tenure length
3 years, 338 days
61
61
Justice
61
Justice
Justice
Horace Harmon Lurton(1844–1914)
State
TN
Position
AssociateJustice
Succeeded
Peckham
Date confirmed(Vote)
December 20, 1909(Acclamation)
Tenure
January 3, 1910–July 12, 1914(Died)
Tenure length
4 years, 204 days
Nominated by
William Howard Taft
62
62
Justice
62
Justice
Justice
Charles Evans Hughes(1862–1948)
State
NY
Position
AssociateJustice
Succeeded
Brewer
Date confirmed(Vote)
May 2, 1910(Acclamation)
Tenure
October 10, 1910–June 10, 1916(Resigned)
Tenure length
5 years, 244 days
55
55
Justice
55
Justice
Justice
Edward Douglass White(1845–1921)
State
LA
Position
ChiefJustice
Succeeded
Fuller
Date confirmed(Vote)
December 12, 1910(Acclamation)
Tenure
December 19, 1910–May 19, 1921(Died)
Tenure length
10 years, 151 days
63
63
Justice
63
Justice
Justice
Willis Van Devanter(1859–1941)
State
WY
Position
AssociateJustice
Succeeded
E. D. White
Date confirmed(Vote)
December 15, 1910(Acclamation)
Tenure
January 3, 1911–June 2, 1937(Retired)
Tenure length
26 years, 150 days
64
64
Justice
64
Justice
Justice
Joseph Rucker Lamar(1857–1916)
State
GA
Position
AssociateJustice
Succeeded
Moody
Date confirmed(Vote)
December 15, 1910(Acclamation)
Tenure
January 3, 1911–January 2, 1916(Died)
Tenure length
4 years, 364 days
65
65
Justice
65
Justice
Justice
Mahlon Pitney(1858–1924)
State
NJ
Position
AssociateJustice
Succeeded
J. Harlan
Date confirmed(Vote)
March 13, 1912(50–26)
Tenure
March 18, 1912–December 31, 1922(Resigned)
Tenure length
10 years, 288 days
66
66
Justice
66
Justice
Justice
James Clark McReynolds(1862–1946)
State
TN
Position
AssociateJustice
Succeeded
Lurton
Date confirmed(Vote)
August 29, 1914(44–6)
Tenure
October 12, 1914–January 31, 1941(Retired)
Tenure length
26 years, 111 days
Nominated by
Woodrow Wilson
67
67
Justice
67
Justice
Justice
Louis Brandeis(1856–1941)
State
MA
Position
AssociateJustice
Succeeded
J. Lamar
Date confirmed(Vote)
June 1, 1916(47–22)
Tenure
June 5, 1916–February 13, 1939(Retired)
Tenure length
22 years, 253 days
68
68
Justice
68
Justice
Justice
John Hessin Clarke(1857–1945)
State
OH
Position
AssociateJustice
Succeeded
Hughes
Date confirmed(Vote)
July 24, 1916(Acclamation)
Tenure
October 9, 1916–September 18, 1922(Retired)
Tenure length
5 years, 344 days
69
69
Justice
69
Justice
Justice
William Howard Taft(1857–1930)
State
CT
Position
ChiefJustice
Succeeded
E. D. White
Date confirmed(Vote)
June 30, 1921(Acclamation)
Tenure
July 11, 1921–February 3, 1930(Retired)
Tenure length
8 years, 207 days
Nominated by
Warren G. Harding
70
70
Justice
70
Justice
Justice
George Sutherland(1862–1942)
State
UT
Position
AssociateJustice
Succeeded
Clarke
Date confirmed(Vote)
September 5, 1922(Acclamation)
Tenure
October 2, 1922–January 17, 1938(Retired)
Tenure length
15 years, 107 days
71
71
Justice
71
Justice
Justice
Pierce Butler(1866–1939)
State
MN
Position
AssociateJustice
Succeeded
Day
Date confirmed(Vote)
December 21, 1922(61–8)
Tenure
January 2, 1923–November 16, 1939(Died)
Tenure length
16 years, 318 days
72
72
Justice
72
Justice
Justice
Edward Terry Sanford(1865–1930)
State
TN
Position
AssociateJustice
Succeeded
Pitney
Date confirmed(Vote)
January 29, 1923(Acclamation)
Tenure
February 19, 1923–March 8, 1930(Died)
Tenure length
7 years, 17 days
73
73
Justice
73
Justice
Justice
Harlan F. Stone(1872–1946)
State
NY
Position
AssociateJustice
Succeeded
McKenna
Date confirmed(Vote)
February 5, 1925(71–6)
Tenure
March 2, 1925–July 2, 1941(Continued as chief justice)
Tenure length
16 years, 122 days
Nominated by
Calvin Coolidge
62
62
Justice
62
Justice
Justice
Charles Evans Hughes(1862–1948)
State
NY
Position
ChiefJustice
Succeeded
Taft
Date confirmed(Vote)
February 13, 1930(52–26)
Tenure
February 24, 1930–June 30, 1941(Retired)
Tenure length
11 years, 126 days
Nominated by
Herbert Hoover
74
74
Justice
74
Justice
Justice
Owen Roberts(1875–1955)
State
PA
Position
AssociateJustice
Succeeded
Sanford
Date confirmed(Vote)
May 20, 1930(Acclamation)
Tenure
June 2, 1930–July 31, 1945(Resigned)
Tenure length
15 years, 59 days
75
75
Justice
75
Justice
Justice
Benjamin N. Cardozo(1870–1938)
State
NY
Position
AssociateJustice
Succeeded
Holmes
Date confirmed(Vote)
February 24, 1932(Acclamation)
Tenure
March 14, 1932–July 9, 1938(Died)
Tenure length
6 years, 117 days
76
76
Justice
76
Justice
Justice
Hugo Black(1886–1971)
State
AL
Position
AssociateJustice
Succeeded
Van Devanter
Date confirmed(Vote)
August 17, 1937(63–16)
Tenure
August 19, 1937–September 17, 1971(Retired)
Tenure length
34 years, 29 days
Nominated by
Franklin D. Roosevelt
77
77
Justice
77
Justice
Justice
Stanley Forman Reed(1884–1980)
State
KY
Position
AssociateJustice
Succeeded
Sutherland
Date confirmed(Vote)
January 25, 1938(Acclamation)
Tenure
January 31, 1938–February 25, 1957(Retired)
Tenure length
19 years, 25 days
78
78
Justice
78
Justice
Justice
Felix Frankfurter(1882–1965)
State
MA
Position
AssociateJustice
Succeeded
Cardozo
Date confirmed(Vote)
January 17, 1939(Acclamation)
Tenure
January 30, 1939–August 28, 1962(Retired)
Tenure length
23 years, 210 days
79
79
Justice
79
Justice
Justice
William O. Douglas(1898–1980)
State
CT
Position
AssociateJustice
Succeeded
Brandeis
Date confirmed(Vote)
April 4, 1939(62–4)
Tenure
April 17, 1939–November 12, 1975(Retired)
Tenure length
36 years, 209 days
80
80
Justice
80
Justice
Justice
Frank Murphy(1890–1949)
State
MI
Position
AssociateJustice
Succeeded
Butler
Date confirmed(Vote)
January 16, 1940(Acclamation)
Tenure
February 5, 1940–July 19, 1949(Died)
Tenure length
9 years, 164 days
73
73
Justice
73
Justice
Justice
Harlan F. Stone(1872–1946)
State
NY
Position
ChiefJustice
Succeeded
Hughes
Date confirmed(Vote)
June 27, 1941(Acclamation)
Tenure
July 3, 1941–April 22, 1946 (Died)
Tenure length
4 years, 293 days
81
81
Justice
81
Justice
Justice
James F. Byrnes(1882–1972)
State
SC
Position
AssociateJustice
Succeeded
McReynolds
Date confirmed(Vote)
June 12, 1941(Acclamation)
Tenure
July 8, 1941–October 3, 1942(Resigned)
Tenure length
1 year, 87 days
82
82
Justice
82
Justice
Justice
Robert H. Jackson(1892–1954)
State
NY
Position
AssociateJustice
Succeeded
Stone
Date confirmed(Vote)
July 7, 1941(Acclamation)
Tenure
July 11, 1941–October 9, 1954(Died)
Tenure length
13 years, 90 days
83
83
Justice
83
Justice
Justice
Wiley Blount Rutledge(1894–1949)
State
IA
Position
AssociateJustice
Succeeded
Byrnes
Date confirmed(Vote)
February 8, 1943(Acclamation)
Tenure
February 15, 1943–September 10, 1949(Died)
Tenure length
6 years, 207 days
84
84
Justice
84
Justice
Justice
Harold Hitz Burton(1888–1964)
State
OH
Position
AssociateJustice
Succeeded
O. Roberts
Date confirmed(Vote)
September 19, 1945(Acclamation)
Tenure
October 1, 1945–October 13, 1958(Retired)
Tenure length
13 years, 12 days
Nominated by
Harry S. Truman
85
85
Justice
85
Justice
Justice
Fred M. Vinson(1890–1953)
State
KY
Position
ChiefJustice
Succeeded
Stone
Date confirmed(Vote)
June 20, 1946(Acclamation)
Tenure
June 24, 1946–September 8, 1953 (Died)
Tenure length
7 years, 76 days
86
86
Justice
86
Justice
Justice
Tom C. Clark(1899–1977)
State
TX
Position
AssociateJustice
Succeeded
Murphy
Date confirmed(Vote)
August 18, 1949(73–8)
Tenure
August 24, 1949–June 12, 1967(Retired)
Tenure length
17 years, 292 days
87
87
Justice
87
Justice
Justice
Sherman Minton(1890–1965)
State
IN
Position
AssociateJustice
Succeeded
W. Rutledge
Date confirmed(Vote)
October 4, 1949(48–16)
Tenure
October 12, 1949–October 15, 1956(Retired)
Tenure length
7 years, 3 days
88
88
Justice
88
Justice
Justice
Earl Warren(1891–1974)
State
CA
Position
ChiefJustice
Succeeded
Vinson
Date confirmed(Vote)
March 1, 1954(Acclamation)
Tenure
October 5, 1953–June 23, 1969(Retired)
Tenure length
15 years, 261 days
Nominated by
Dwight D. Eisenhower
89
89
Justice
89
Justice
Justice
John Marshall Harlan II(1899–1971)
State
NY
Position
AssociateJustice
Succeeded
R. Jackson
Date confirmed(Vote)
March 16, 1955(71–11)
Tenure
March 28, 1955–September 23, 1971(Retired)
Tenure length
16 years, 179 days
90
90
Justice
90
Justice
Justice
William J. Brennan Jr.(1906–1997)
State
NJ
Position
AssociateJustice
Succeeded
Minton
Date confirmed(Vote)
March 19, 1957(Acclamation)
Tenure
October 16, 1956–July 20, 1990(Retired)
Tenure length
33 years, 277 days
91
91
Justice
91
Justice
Justice
Charles Evans Whittaker(1901–1973)
State
MO
Position
AssociateJustice
Succeeded
Reed
Date confirmed(Vote)
March 19, 1957(Acclamation)
Tenure
March 25, 1957–March 31, 1962(Retired)
Tenure length
5 years, 6 days
92
92
Justice
92
Justice
Justice
Potter Stewart(1915–1985)
State
OH
Position
AssociateJustice
Succeeded
Burton
Date confirmed(Vote)
May 5, 1959(70–17)
Tenure
October 14, 1958–July 3, 1981(Retired)
Tenure length
22 years, 262 days
93
93
Justice
93
Justice
Justice
Byron White(1917–2002)
State
CO
Position
AssociateJustice
Succeeded
Whittaker
Date confirmed(Vote)
April 11, 1962(Acclamation)
Tenure
April 16, 1962–June 28, 1993(Retired)
Tenure length
31 years, 73 days
Nominated by
John F. Kennedy
94
94
Justice
94
Justice
Justice
Arthur Goldberg(1908–1990)
State
IL
Position
AssociateJustice
Succeeded
Frankfurter
Date confirmed(Vote)
September 25, 1962(Acclamation)
Tenure
October 1, 1962–July 25, 1965(Resigned)
Tenure length
2 years, 297 days
95
95
Justice
95
Justice
Justice
Abe Fortas(1910–1982)
State
TN
Position
AssociateJustice
Succeeded
Goldberg
Date confirmed(Vote)
August 11, 1965(Acclamation)
Tenure
October 4, 1965–May 14, 1969(Resigned)
Tenure length
3 years, 222 days
Nominated by
Lyndon B. Johnson
96
96
Justice
96
Justice
Justice
Thurgood Marshall(1908–1993)
State
NY
Position
AssociateJustice
Succeeded
Clark
Date confirmed(Vote)
August 30, 1967(69–11)
Tenure
October 2, 1967–October 1, 1991(Retired)
Tenure length
23 years, 364 days
97
97
Justice
97
Justice
Justice
Warren E. Burger(1907–1995)
State
VA
Position
ChiefJustice
Succeeded
Warren
Date confirmed(Vote)
June 9, 1969(74–3)
Tenure
June 23, 1969–September 26, 1986(Retired)
Tenure length
17 years, 95 days
Nominated by
Richard Nixon
98
98
Justice
98
Justice
Justice
Harry Blackmun(1908–1999)
State
MN
Position
AssociateJustice
Succeeded
Fortas
Date confirmed(Vote)
May 12, 1970(94–0)
Tenure
June 9, 1970–August 3, 1994(Retired)
Tenure length
24 years, 55 days
99
99
Justice
99
Justice
Justice
Lewis F. Powell Jr.(1907–1998)
State
VA
Position
AssociateJustice
Succeeded
Black
Date confirmed(Vote)
December 6, 1971(89–1)
Tenure
January 7, 1972–June 26, 1987(Retired)
Tenure length
15 years, 170 days
100
100
Justice
100
Justice
Justice
William Rehnquist(1924–2005)
State
AZ
Position
AssociateJustice
Succeeded
J. Harlan II
Date confirmed(Vote)
December 10, 1971(68–26)
Tenure
January 7, 1972–September 26, 1986(Continued as chief justice)
Tenure length
14 years, 262 days
101
101
Justice
101
Justice
Justice
John Paul Stevens(1920–2019)
State
IL
Position
AssociateJustice
Succeeded
Douglas
Date confirmed(Vote)
December 17, 1975(98–0)
Tenure
December 19, 1975–June 29, 2010(Retired)
Tenure length
34 years, 192 days
Nominated by
Gerald Ford
102
102
Justice
102
Justice
Justice
Sandra Day O'Connor(1930–2023)
State
AZ
Position
AssociateJustice
Succeeded
Stewart
Date confirmed(Vote)
September 21, 1981(99–0)
Tenure
September 25, 1981–January 31, 2006(Retired)
Tenure length
24 years, 128 days
Nominated by
Ronald Reagan
100
100
Justice
100
Justice
Justice
William Rehnquist(1924–2005)
State
VA
Position
ChiefJustice
Succeeded
Burger
Date confirmed(Vote)
September 17, 1986(65–33)
Tenure
September 26, 1986–September 3, 2005(Died)
Tenure length
18 years, 342 days
103
103
Justice
103
Justice
Justice
Antonin Scalia(1936–2016)
State
VA
Position
AssociateJustice
Succeeded
Rehnquist
Date confirmed(Vote)
September 17, 1986(98–0)
Tenure
September 26, 1986–February 13, 2016(Died)
Tenure length
29 years, 140 days
104
104
Justice
104
Justice
Justice
Anthony Kennedy(born 1936)
State
CA
Position
AssociateJustice
Succeeded
Powell
Date confirmed(Vote)
February 3, 1988(97–0)
Tenure
February 18, 1988–July 31, 2018(Retired)
Tenure length
30 years, 163 days
105
105
Justice
105
Justice
Justice
David Souter(1939–2025)
State
NH
Position
AssociateJustice
Succeeded
Brennan
Date confirmed(Vote)
October 2, 1990(90–9)
Tenure
October 9, 1990–June 29, 2009(Retired)
Tenure length
18 years, 263 days
Nominated by
George H. W. Bush
106
106
Justice
106
Justice
Justice
Clarence Thomas(born 1948)
State
GA
Position
AssociateJustice
Succeeded
T. Marshall
Date confirmed(Vote)
October 15, 1991(52–48)
Tenure
October 23, 1991–Incumbent
Tenure length
34 years, 12 days
107
107
Justice
107
Justice
Justice
Ruth Bader Ginsburg(1933–2020)
State
NY
Position
AssociateJustice
Succeeded
B. White
Date confirmed(Vote)
August 3, 1993(96–3)
Tenure
August 10, 1993–September 18, 2020 (Died)
Tenure length
27 years, 39 days
Nominated by
Bill Clinton
108
108
Justice
108
Justice
Justice
Stephen Breyer(born 1938)
State
MA
Position
AssociateJustice
Succeeded
Blackmun
Date confirmed(Vote)
July 29, 1994(87–9)
Tenure
August 3, 1994–June 30, 2022(Retired)
Tenure length
27 years, 331 days
109
109
Justice
109
Justice
Justice
John Roberts(born 1955)
State
MD
Position
ChiefJustice
Succeeded
Rehnquist
Date confirmed(Vote)
September 29, 2005(78–22)
Tenure
September 29, 2005–Incumbent
Tenure length
20 years, 36 days
Nominated by
George W. Bush
110
110
Justice
110
Justice
Justice
Samuel Alito(born 1950)
State
NJ
Position
AssociateJustice
Succeeded
O'Connor
Date confirmed(Vote)
January 31, 2006(58–42)
Tenure
January 31, 2006–Incumbent
Tenure length
19 years, 277 days
111
111
Justice
111
Justice
Justice
Sonia Sotomayor(born 1954)
State
NY
Position
AssociateJustice
Succeeded
Souter
Date confirmed(Vote)
August 6, 2009(68–31)
Tenure
August 8, 2009–Incumbent
Tenure length
16 years, 88 days
Nominated by
Barack Obama
112
112
Justice
112
Justice
Justice
Elena Kagan(born 1960)
State
MA
Position
AssociateJustice
Succeeded
Stevens
Date confirmed(Vote)
August 5, 2010(63–37)
Tenure
August 7, 2010–Incumbent
Tenure length
15 years, 89 days
113
113
Justice
113
Justice
Justice
Neil Gorsuch(born 1967)
State
CO
Position
AssociateJustice
Succeeded
Scalia
Date confirmed(Vote)
April 7, 2017(54–45)
Tenure
April 10, 2017–Incumbent
Tenure length
8 years, 208 days
Nominated by
Donald Trump
114
114
Justice
114
Justice
Justice
Brett Kavanaugh(born 1965)
State
MD
Position
AssociateJustice
Succeeded
Kennedy
Date confirmed(Vote)
October 6, 2018(50–48)
Tenure
October 6, 2018–Incumbent
Tenure length
7 years, 29 days
115
115
Justice
115
Justice
Justice
Amy Coney Barrett(born 1972)
State
IN
Position
AssociateJustice
Succeeded
Ginsburg
Date confirmed(Vote)
October 26, 2020(52–48)
Tenure
October 27, 2020–Incumbent
Tenure length
5 years, 8 days
116
116
Justice
116
Justice
Justice
Ketanji Brown Jackson(born 1970)
State
DC
Position
AssociateJustice
Succeeded
Breyer
Date confirmed(Vote)
April 7, 2022(53–47)
Tenure
June 30, 2022–Incumbent
Tenure length
3 years, 127 days
Nominated by
Joe Biden
Justice
State
Position
Succeeded
Date confirmed(Vote)
Tenure
Tenure length
Nominated by
No.
Portrait
Name(birth–death)
1
John Jay(1745–1829)
NY
ChiefJustice
Inaugural
September 26, 1789(Acclamation)
October 19, 1789–June 29, 1795(Resigned)
5 years, 253 days
George Washington
2
John Rutledge(1739–1800)
SC
AssociateJustice
Inaugural
September 26, 1789(Acclamation)
February 15, 1790–March 5, 1791(Resigned)
1 year, 18 days
3
William Cushing(1732–1810)
MA
AssociateJustice
Inaugural
September 26, 1789(Acclamation)
February 2, 1790–September 13, 1810(Died)
20 years, 223 days
4
James Wilson(1742–1798)
PA
AssociateJustice
Inaugural
September 26, 1789(Acclamation)
October 5, 1789–August 21, 1798(Died)
8 years, 320 days
5
John Blair(1732–1800)
VA
AssociateJustice
Inaugural
September 26, 1789(Acclamation)
February 2, 1790–October 25, 1795(Resigned)
5 years, 265 days
6
James Iredell(1751–1799)
NC
AssociateJustice
Inaugural
February 10, 1790(Acclamation)
May 12, 1790–October 20, 1799(Died)
9 years, 161 days
7
Thomas Johnson(1732–1819)
MD
AssociateJustice
J. Rutledge
November 7, 1791(Acclamation)
September 19, 1791–January 16, 1793(Resigned)
1 year, 119 days
8
William Paterson(1745–1806)
NJ
AssociateJustice
T. Johnson
March 4, 1793(Acclamation)
March 11, 1793–September 9, 1806(Died)
13 years, 181 days
2
John Rutledge(1739–1800)
SC
ChiefJustice
Jay
December 15, 1795(10–14)
August 12, 1795–December 15, 1795(Resigned, nomination having been rejected)
138 days
9
Samuel Chase(1741–1811)
MD
AssociateJustice
Blair
January 27, 1796(Acclamation)
February 4, 1796–June 19, 1811(Died)
15 years, 135 days
10
Oliver Ellsworth(1745–1807)
CT
ChiefJustice
J. Rutledge
March 4, 1796(21–1)
March 8, 1796–December 15, 1800(Resigned)
4 years, 282 days
11
Bushrod Washington(1762–1829)
VA
AssociateJustice
Wilson
December 20, 1798(Acclamation)
November 9, 1798–November 26, 1829(Died)
31 years, 17 days
John Adams
12
Alfred Moore(1755–1810)
NC
AssociateJustice
Iredell
December 9, 1799(Acclamation)
April 21, 1800–January 26, 1804(Resigned)
3 years, 280 days
13
John Marshall(1755–1835)
VA
ChiefJustice
Ellsworth
January 27, 1801(Acclamation)
February 4, 1801–July 6, 1835(Died)
34 years, 152 days
14
William Johnson(1771–1834)
SC
AssociateJustice
Moore
March 24, 1804(Acclamation)
May 7, 1804–August 4, 1834(Died)
30 years, 89 days
Thomas Jefferson
15
Henry Brockholst Livingston(1757–1823)
NY
AssociateJustice
Paterson
December 17, 1806(Acclamation)
January 20, 1807–March 18, 1823(Died)
16 years, 57 days
16
Thomas Todd(1765–1826)
KY
AssociateJustice
new seat
March 2, 1807(Acclamation)
May 4, 1807–February 7, 1826(Died)
18 years, 341 days
17
Gabriel Duvall(1752–1844)
MD
AssociateJustice
S. Chase
November 18, 1811(Acclamation)
November 23, 1811–January 14, 1835(Resigned)
23 years, 50 days
James Madison
18
Joseph Story(1779–1845)
MA
AssociateJustice
Cushing
November 18, 1811(Acclamation)
February 3, 1812–September 10, 1845(Died)
33 years, 219 days
19
Smith Thompson(1768–1843)
NY
AssociateJustice
Livingston
December 9, 1823(Acclamation)
September 1, 1823–December 18, 1843(Died)
20 years, 108 days
James Monroe
20
Robert Trimble(1776–1828)
KY
AssociateJustice
Todd
May 9, 1826(25–5)
June 16, 1826–August 25, 1828(Died)
2 years, 70 days
John Quincy Adams
21
John McLean(1785–1861)
OH
AssociateJustice
Trimble
March 7, 1829(Acclamation)
March 12, 1829–April 4, 1861(Died)
32 years, 23 days
Andrew Jackson
22
Henry Baldwin(1780–1844)
PA
AssociateJustice
Washington
January 6, 1830(41–2)
January 18, 1830–April 21, 1844(Died)
14 years, 94 days
23
James Moore Wayne(1790–1867)
GA
AssociateJustice
W. Johnson
January 9, 1835(Acclamation)
January 14, 1835–July 5, 1867(Died)
32 years, 172 days
24
Roger B. Taney(1777–1864)
MD
ChiefJustice
J. Marshall
March 15, 1836(29–15)
March 28, 1836–October 12, 1864(Died)
28 years, 198 days
25
Philip P. Barbour(1783–1841)
VA
AssociateJustice
Duvall
March 15, 1836(30–11)
May 12, 1836–February 25, 1841(Died)
4 years, 289 days
26
John Catron(1786–1865)
TN
AssociateJustice
new seat
March 8, 1837(28–15)
May 1, 1837–May 30, 1865(Died)
28 years, 29 days
27
John McKinley(1780–1852)
AL
AssociateJustice
new seat
September 25, 1837(Acclamation)
January 9, 1838–July 19, 1852(Died)
14 years, 192 days
Martin Van Buren
28
Peter Vivian Daniel(1784–1860)
VA
AssociateJustice
Barbour
March 2, 1841(25–5)
January 10, 1842–May 31, 1860(Died)
18 years, 142 days
29
Samuel Nelson(1792–1873)
NY
AssociateJustice
Thompson
February 14, 1845(Acclamation)
February 27, 1845–November 28, 1872(Retired)
27 years, 275 days
John Tyler
30
Levi Woodbury(1789–1851)
NH
AssociateJustice
Story
January 31, 1846(Acclamation)
September 23, 1845–September 4, 1851(Died)
5 years, 346 days
James K. Polk
31
Robert Cooper Grier(1794–1870)
PA
AssociateJustice
Baldwin
August 4, 1846(Acclamation)
August 10, 1846–January 31, 1870(Retired)
23 years, 174 days
32
Benjamin Robbins Curtis(1809–1874)
MA
AssociateJustice
Woodbury
December 20, 1851(Acclamation)
October 10, 1851–September 30, 1857(Resigned)
5 years, 355 days
Millard Fillmore
33
John Archibald Campbell(1811–1889)
AL
AssociateJustice
McKinley
March 22, 1853(Acclamation)
April 11, 1853–April 30, 1861(Resigned)
8 years, 19 days
Franklin Pierce
34
Nathan Clifford(1803–1881)
ME
AssociateJustice
Curtis
January 12, 1858(26–23)
January 21, 1858–July 25, 1881(Died)
23 years, 185 days
James Buchanan
35
Noah Haynes Swayne(1804–1884)
OH
AssociateJustice
McLean
January 24, 1862(38–1)
January 27, 1862–January 24, 1881(Retired)
18 years, 363 days
Abraham Lincoln
36
Samuel Freeman Miller(1816–1890)
IA
AssociateJustice
Daniel
July 16, 1862(Acclamation)
July 21, 1862–October 13, 1890(Died)
28 years, 84 days
37
David Davis(1815–1886)
IL
AssociateJustice
Campbell
December 8, 1862(Acclamation)
December 10, 1862–March 4, 1877(Resigned)
14 years, 84 days
38
Stephen Johnson Field(1816–1899)
CA
AssociateJustice
new seat
March 10, 1863(Acclamation)
May 20, 1863–December 1, 1897(Retired)
34 years, 195 days
39
Salmon P. Chase(1808–1873)
OH
ChiefJustice
Taney
December 6, 1864(Acclamation)
December 15, 1864–May 7, 1873(Died)
8 years, 143 days
40
William Strong(1808–1895)
PA
AssociateJustice
Grier
February 18, 1870(No vote recorded)
March 14, 1870–December 14, 1880(Retired)
10 years, 275 days
Ulysses S. Grant
41
Joseph P. Bradley(1813–1892)
NJ
AssociateJustice
new seat
March 21, 1870(46–9)
March 23, 1870–January 22, 1892(Died)
21 years, 305 days
42
Ward Hunt(1810–1886)
NY
AssociateJustice
Nelson
December 11, 1872(Acclamation)
January 9, 1873–January 27, 1882(Retired)
9 years, 18 days
43
Morrison Waite(1816–1888)
OH
ChiefJustice
S. P. Chase
January 21, 1874(63–0)
March 4, 1874–March 23, 1888(Died)
14 years, 19 days
44
John Marshall Harlan(1833–1911)
KY
AssociateJustice
Davis
November 29, 1877(Acclamation)
December 10, 1877–October 14, 1911(Died)
33 years, 308 days
Rutherford B. Hayes
45
William Burnham Woods(1824–1887)
GA
AssociateJustice
Strong
December 21, 1880(39–8)
January 5, 1881–May 14, 1887(Died)
6 years, 129 days
46
Stanley Matthews(1824–1889)
OH
AssociateJustice
Swayne
May 12, 1881(24–23)
May 17, 1881–March 22, 1889(Died)
7 years, 309 days
James A. Garfield
47
Horace Gray(1828–1902)
MA
AssociateJustice
Clifford
December 20, 1881(51–5)
January 9, 1882–September 15, 1902(Died)
20 years, 249 days
Chester A. Arthur

References

  1. Served on the Supreme Court twice: first as associate justice and then, after a period of years off the Court, as chief
  2. Elevated from associate justice to chief justice while serving on the Supreme Court. Such appointments are subject to a
  3. State or federal district of residence at the time of appointment. For example, in 1971, Rehnquist was appointed from Ar
  4. The start date given for each justice is the day they took the prescribed judicial oath of office, with the end date bei
  5. While Justice Wilson was the first to take the oath of office, § 1 of the Judiciary Act of 1789 prescribes precedence of
  6. Recess appointment. Note: the date on which the justice took the judicial oath is here used as the date of the beginning
  7. This was the first Supreme Court nomination to be rejected by the Senate. Rutledge remains the only "recess appointed" j
  8. Was impeached, but not convicted, and remained in office.
  9. Acted as chief justice under 36 Stat. 1152, May 19 – July 11, 1921.
    https://legislink.org/us/stat-36-1152
  10. Acted as chief justice under 36 Stat. 1152, February 3–24, 1930.
  11. While Willis Van Devanter and Joseph Rucker Lamar were sworn in as associate justice on the same date, their seniority (
    https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/precedence
  12. Acted as chief justice under 36 Stat. 1152, June 30 – July 3, 1941.
  13. Acted as chief justice under 36 Stat. 1152, April 22 – June 24, 1946, and again, under 62 Stat. 869, September 8 – Octob
    https://legislink.org/us/stat-62-869
  14. Although Lewis Powell and William H. Rehnquist were both sworn into office as associate justice on the same day, Powell
    https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/precedence
  15. Acted as chief justice under 62 Stat. 869, September 3–29, 2005.
  16. Landmark Legislation 1774–2012: Major U.S. Acts and Treaties
    https://books.google.com/books?id=CkR1AwAAQBAJ&pg=PA122
  17. The Oxford Companion to the Supreme Court of the United States
    https://books.google.com/books?id=cY3er3ilgjcC&pg=PA548
  18. "Supreme Court Nominations, 1789 to 2017: Actions by the Senate, the Judiciary Committee, and the President"
    https://fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/RL33225.pdf
  19. "Article III"
    https://www.law.cornell.edu/constitution/articleiii
  20. "About The Supreme Court"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20100412000234/http://www.uscourts.gov/outreach/topics/scstudentimpact.html
  21. "Supreme Court Research Guide"
    https://guides.ll.georgetown.edu/c.php?g=316498&p=8991363
  22. The New York Times
    https://www.nytimes.com/2007/07/26/opinion/26smith.html
  23. CBS News
    https://web.archive.org/web/20110201124829/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2008/02/26/opinion/main3878005.shtml
  24. "Supreme Court Nominations (1789-Present)"
    https://www.senate.gov/legislative/nominations/SupremeCourtNominations1789present.htm
  25. "Justices 1789 to Present"
    https://www.supremecourt.gov/about/members_text.aspx
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