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List of home computers by video hardware

Updated: Wikipedia source

List of home computers by video hardware

This is a list of home computers, sorted alphanumerically, which lists all relevant details of their video hardware. Home computers are the second generation of desktop computers, entering the market in 1977 and becoming common during the 1980s. A decade later they were generally replaced by IBM PC compatible "PCs", although technically home computers are also classified as personal computers. Examples of early home computers are the TRS-80, Atari 8-bit computers, BBC Micro, ZX Spectrum, MSX, Amstrad CPC 464, and Commodore 64. Examples of late home computers are MSX 2 systems, and the Amiga and Atari ST systems. Note: in cases of manufacturers who have made both home and personal computers, only machines fitting into the home computer category are listed. Systems in the personal computer category, except for Early Macintosh PCs, are generally based on the VGA standard and use a video chip known as a Graphics Processing Unit. Very early PCs used one of the much simpler (even compared to most home computer video hardware) video display controller cards, using parts like the MDA, the Hercules Graphics Card, the CGA and the EGA standard). Only after the introduction of the VGA standard could PCs really compete with the home computers of the same era, such as the Amiga and Atari ST, or even with the MSX-2. Also, not listed are systems that are typically only gaming systems, like the Atari 2600 and the Bally Astrocade, even though these systems could sometimes be upgraded to resemble a home computer.

Tables

· The list of home computers and their video capabilities › Systems with video logic designed as terminals
Text
Text
System name
Text
Year
Graphics
Apple I
Apple I
System name
Apple I
Year
1976
Video RAM
720 Bytes
Video mode(s)
40×24 Mono
Video mode(s)
color resolution
40×24 Mono
Datapoint 2200
Datapoint 2200
System name
Datapoint 2200
Year
1971
Video RAM
840 Bytes
Video mode(s)
80×12 Mono
Video mode(s)
color resolution
80×12 Mono
Font extras
LC
HW accel
None
unique features
Shift registers for RAM
MUPID
MUPID
System name
MUPID
Year
1983
Video RAM
64K
Video mode(s)
40×25 16+16 colors
Video mode(s)
320×240 16+16 colors
color resolution
320×240
Font extras
LC, BG, SG
soft fonts
Yes
palette support
16 fixed colors, and 16 chooseable from a palette of 4096 colors
HW accel
?
unique features
Designed by academics as a BTX terminal, but with the capabilities of a home computer
SOL-20
SOL-20
System name
SOL-20
Year
1976
Chip name
Video RAM
1K
Video mode(s)
64×16 Mono
Video mode(s)
Limited 512x128 Mono with MC6574
color resolution
(64x16)
Font extras
LC, SG
soft fonts
No
palette support
None
HW accel
None
unique features
One of the first systems with built-in video hardware
System name
Year
Chip name
Video RAM
Video mode(s)
color resolution
Font extras
soft fonts
palette support
HW accel
unique features
Text
Graphics
Apple I
1976
720 Bytes
40×24 Mono
40×24 Mono
Datapoint 2200
1971
840 Bytes
80×12 Mono
80×12 Mono
LC
None
Shift registers for RAM
MUPID
1983
64K
40×25 16+16 colors
320×240 16+16 colors
320×240
LC, BG, SG
Yes
16 fixed colors, and 16 chooseable from a palette of 4096 colors
?
Designed by academics as a BTX terminal, but with the capabilities of a home computer
SOL-20
1976
1K
64×16 Mono
Limited 512x128 Mono with MC6574
(64x16)
LC, SG
No
None
None
One of the first systems with built-in video hardware
· The list of home computers and their video capabilities › Systems using software-driven video generation
Text
Text
System name
Text
Year
Graphics
Aamber Pegasus
Aamber Pegasus
System name
Aamber Pegasus
Year
1981
Chip name
Video RAM
512 Bytes
Video mode(s)
32×16 Mono text with programmable 7x9 characters
Video mode(s)
(32x16)
color resolution
LC
Font extras
Yes
Galaksija
Galaksija
System name
Galaksija
Year
1983
Video RAM
512 Bytes
Video mode(s)
32×16 Mono
Video mode(s)
"Full": Limited 256×208 Mono Semi: 64×48 Mono
color resolution
(64x48; 32, later 256x208)
Font extras
BG
soft fonts
unique features
All systems were essentially "home-built", on a single-sided PCB. Like the ZX81 it was software-driven.
OSI Superboard II, Compukit UK101 and clones
OSI Superboard II, Compukit UK101 and clones
System name
OSI Superboard II, Compukit UK101 and clones
Year
1979
Video RAM
1K
Video mode(s)
32×32 or 64x16 Mono
Video mode(s)
"Full": limited 256x256 or 512x128 Mono using full extended character set ROM Semi: 64x96 or 128x48 Mono using 64 characters (pseudo graphics) of the 128 characters of the optional extended character set ROM
color resolution
(32×32 or 64x16)
Font extras
LC, SG
unique features
Early system with 256 character font, standard add-on card for full 256x256 graphics
OSI C4P
OSI C4P
System name
OSI C4P
Year
1980
Video RAM
2K
Video mode(s)
64×32 8 colors
Video mode(s)
"Full": limited 512x256 8 colors Semi: 128x96 8 colors using part of its pseudo graphic characters set
color resolution
64x32
Font extras
LC, SG
ZX80, ZX81
ZX80, ZX81
System name
ZX80, ZX81
Year
1980, 1981
Video RAM
792 Bytes
Video mode(s)
32×24 Mono
Video mode(s)
Full: 256×192 Mono Semi: 64×48 Mono
color resolution
(32x24)
Font extras
BG, SG
soft fonts
No
unique features
"slow mode", software-generated display
BCS3
BCS3
System name
BCS3
Year
1984
Video RAM
336 Bytes in BASIC 2.4
Video mode(s)
27x12 in BASIC 2.4 40x21 in BASIC 3.1
Video mode(s)
Full: 128x64 Mono (additional hardware)
Font extras
LC, SG
soft fonts
No
unique features
Simple homebrew home computer form GDR, with software-generated display
System name
Year
Chip name
Video RAM
Video mode(s)
color resolution
Font extras
soft fonts
unique features
Text
Graphics
Aamber Pegasus
1981
512 Bytes
32×16 Mono text with programmable 7x9 characters
(32x16)
LC
Yes
Galaksija
1983
512 Bytes
32×16 Mono
"Full": Limited 256×208 Mono Semi: 64×48 Mono
(64x48; 32, later 256x208)
BG
All systems were essentially "home-built", on a single-sided PCB. Like the ZX81 it was software-driven.
OSI Superboard II, Compukit UK101 and clones
1979
1K
32×32 or 64x16 Mono
"Full": limited 256x256 or 512x128 Mono using full extended character set ROM Semi: 64x96 or 128x48 Mono using 64 characters (pseudo graphics) of the 128 characters of the optional extended character set ROM
(32×32 or 64x16)
LC, SG
Early system with 256 character font, standard add-on card for full 256x256 graphics
OSI C4P
1980
2K
64×32 8 colors
"Full": limited 512x256 8 colors Semi: 128x96 8 colors using part of its pseudo graphic characters set
64x32
LC, SG
ZX80, ZX81
1980, 1981
792 Bytes
32×24 Mono
Full: 256×192 Mono Semi: 64×48 Mono
(32x24)
BG, SG
No
"slow mode", software-generated display
BCS3
1984
336 Bytes in BASIC 2.4
27x12 in BASIC 2.4 40x21 in BASIC 3.1
Full: 128x64 Mono (additional hardware)
LC, SG
No
Simple homebrew home computer form GDR, with software-generated display
· The list of home computers and their video capabilities › Systems using discrete logic › With independent text mode(s)
Text
Text
System name
Text
Year
Graphics
ABC80
ABC80
System name
ABC80
Year
1978
Video RAM
1K
Video mode(s)
40×24 Mono
Video mode(s)
Semi: 78×72 Mono
color resolution
(39x24)
Font extras
LC, BG
soft fonts
unique features
One of the first systems with serial attributes like Ceefax and Prestel systems, needed the first character of a line for switching to graphics mode, thus the horizontal resolution is 78, not 80
Apple II
Apple II
System name
Apple II
Year
1977
Video RAM
18K
Video mode(s)
40×24 Mono/6 colors
Video mode(s)
Full: 280×192 Mono/6 colors Semi: 40×48 15 colors
color resolution
40x48, 140×192
unique features
First known system with 4 line "caption" and software scaling and rotation
Commodore PET 2001
Commodore PET 2001
System name
Commodore PET 2001
Year
1977
Chip name
Video RAM
1000 Bytes
Video mode(s)
40×25 Mono 9" Mono monitor
Video mode(s)
"Full": Limited 320x200 Mono Semi: 80×50 using part of its pseudo graphic characters set
color resolution
(80x50, 40x200)
Font extras
BG, SG
soft fonts
unique features
Original computer with non ASCII (PETSCII) character set.
Exidy Sorcerer
Exidy Sorcerer
System name
Exidy Sorcerer
Year
1978
Video RAM
1920 Bytes
Video mode(s)
64×30 Mono
Video mode(s)
"Full": Limited 512×240 Mono Semi: 128x90 Mono
color resolution
(128x90, 512x240)
Font extras
LC, SG
soft fonts
Yes
unique features
Programmable character set allowed TRS-80 and PET like graphics
Ferguson Big Board
Ferguson Big Board
System name
Ferguson Big Board
Year
1980, 1982
Video RAM
1K
Video mode(s)
80x24 Mono
color resolution
LC
Font extras
No
Grundy NewBrain
Grundy NewBrain
System name
Grundy NewBrain
Year
1982
Video RAM
max 20K
Video mode(s)
32×25/30, 40×25/30, 64×25/30, or 80×25/30 Mono
Video mode(s)
Full: 256x256, 320x256, 512x256, 640x256 Mono Semi: 64x75/90, 80x75/90, 128x75/90, 160x75/90 Mono
color resolution
(64x75/90, 80x75/90, 128x75/90, 160x75/90; 256, 320, 512, 640x256)
Font extras
LC, BG
soft fonts
unique features
Built in one line VFD, Videotext mode support
Interact Home Computer
Interact Home Computer
System name
Interact Home Computer
Year
1979
Video RAM
2184 Bytes
Video mode(s)
17×12 4 colors
Video mode(s)
Semi: 112×78 4 colors
color resolution
112×78
Font extras
Characters were drawn on a 112×78 pixel graphics screen which means that each character was 6×6 pixels, including blank space between the characters, which led to very blocky characters, which simply didn't allow for distinct lower case characters.
soft fonts
In theory, the "graphics" screen text was drawn on could be the text-mode semigraphics screen for a more standard (for the time) 56x26 or 56x39 high-resolution text mode, though in practice this real text mode was apparently never used (if it even could be).
palette support
4 of 8
Kaypro II series
Kaypro II series
System name
Kaypro II series
Year
1982
Video RAM
2 KB
Video mode(s)
80×24 Mono, on 9" built in CRT
Video mode(s)
Semi: Presumably 160x72 Mono
color resolution
(80x24)
Font extras
LC, BG
soft fonts
No
palette support
-
NASCOM 1 NASCOM 2
NASCOM 1 NASCOM 2
System name
NASCOM 1 NASCOM 2
Year
1977 1979
Video RAM
1K
Video mode(s)
48×16 Mono
Video mode(s)
N/A
color resolution
LC
Font extras
No
soft fonts
None
Osborne 1, Osborne Executive and Osborne Vixen
Osborne 1, Osborne Executive and Osborne Vixen
System name
Osborne 1, Osborne Executive and Osborne Vixen
Year
1981, 1982, 1984
Video RAM
4K
Video mode(s)
52x24 Mono on 5" CRT, later 80x24 on 7" CRT
Video mode(s)
"Full": Presumably limited 416x192 Mono, later limited 640x192 using its pseudo graphic characters set
color resolution
(52x24, later 80x24)
Font extras
LC, SG
palette support
Uses virtual screen to make up for limitations of original 5" CRT, a feature presumably not dropped from later models in order to achieve full backward compatibility
Panasonic JR-200
Panasonic JR-200
System name
Panasonic JR-200
Year
1983
Video RAM
2K+2K
Video mode(s)
32×24 8 colors
Video mode(s)
"Full": 256x192 8 colors Semi: 64×48 8 colors
color resolution
32x24
Font extras
LC, BG
palette support
unique semi-graphic pixel color attribute scheme made that each of the 64×48 semi-graphic "pixels" (consisting of a quarter of an 8×8 pixel character space) could have its own independent color, these semi-graphics could be combined with predefined characters, or programmable characters, each of which could also have an independent foreground and background color out of a palette of 8.
Jupiter Ace
Jupiter Ace
System name
Jupiter Ace
Year
1982
Video RAM
2K
Video mode(s)
32×24 Mono
Video mode(s)
"Full": Limited 256x192 Mono by using the 128 characters Semi: 64×48 Mono
color resolution
32x24
Font extras
LC, BG
soft fonts
Limited
palette support
LINK 480Z and Research Machines 380Z
LINK 480Z and Research Machines 380Z
System name
LINK 480Z and Research Machines 380Z
Year
1982
Video RAM
2K
Video mode(s)
40×25 or 80×25 Mono
Video mode(s)
A separate independent video display generator board could be added that did support high resolution graphics of 640×192×1, 320×192×2 or 160×96×4 bits per pixel
color resolution
LC
soft fonts
n of 16 with Hires expansion board; 16 out of 256 logical intensities with composite interface, 16 logical colors with TTL RGB interface
MZ-80K
MZ-80K
System name
MZ-80K
Year
1979
Video RAM
1000 Bytes
Video mode(s)
40×25 Mono
Video mode(s)
"Full": Limited 320x200 Mono Semi: 80×50 Mono
color resolution
(40x25)
Font extras
LC, BG, SG
soft fonts
No
palette support
None
unique features
many well-chosen pseudo-graphics characters
KC 87, KC85/1
KC 87, KC85/1
System name
KC 87, KC85/1
Year
1987
Video RAM
960 bytes 87.x1: 960+960 bytes
Video mode(s)
85/1, 87: 40x20 Mono for 85/1, 87.x0; 16 foreground colors + 8 background colors for 87.x1
Video mode(s)
85/1, 87: Limited 320x192 Mono for 85/1, 87.x0; 16 foreground colors + 8 background colors for 87.x1 using its pseudo graphic characters set
color resolution
87.x1: 40x24
Font extras
LC
TRS-80 Models I and III
TRS-80 Models I and III
System name
TRS-80 Models I and III
Year
1977, 1980
Video RAM
up to 1K
Video mode(s)
32×16 or 64×16 Mono
Video mode(s)
Semi: 64×48 or 128×48 Mono
color resolution
(32x16 or 64x16)
Font extras
LC, BG
soft fonts
No
palette support
None
unique features
The canonical system to use Text semigraphics
TRS-80 Model 4
TRS-80 Model 4
System name
TRS-80 Model 4
Year
1983
Video RAM
1920 bytes
Video mode(s)
32×16, 40x24, 64×16 or 80x24 Mono
Video mode(s)
Semi: 64×48, 80x72, 128×48 or 160x72 Mono
color resolution
(32x16, 40x24, 64x16 or 80x24)
Font extras
LC, BG
unique features
Can display full 640x240 or 512x192 graphics with a standardized expansion board
System name
Year
Chip name
Video RAM
Video mode(s)
color resolution
Font extras
soft fonts
palette support
unique features
Text
Graphics
ABC80
1978
1K
40×24 Mono
Semi: 78×72 Mono
(39x24)
LC, BG
One of the first systems with serial attributes like Ceefax and Prestel systems, needed the first character of a line for switching to graphics mode, thus the horizontal resolution is 78, not 80
Apple II
1977
18K
40×24 Mono/6 colors
Full: 280×192 Mono/6 colors Semi: 40×48 15 colors
40x48, 140×192
First known system with 4 line "caption" and software scaling and rotation
Commodore PET 2001
1977
1000 Bytes
40×25 Mono 9" Mono monitor
"Full": Limited 320x200 Mono Semi: 80×50 using part of its pseudo graphic characters set
(80x50, 40x200)
BG, SG
Original computer with non ASCII (PETSCII) character set.
Exidy Sorcerer
1978
1920 Bytes
64×30 Mono
"Full": Limited 512×240 Mono Semi: 128x90 Mono
(128x90, 512x240)
LC, SG
Yes
Programmable character set allowed TRS-80 and PET like graphics
Ferguson Big Board
1980, 1982
1K
80x24 Mono
LC
No
Grundy NewBrain
1982
max 20K
32×25/30, 40×25/30, 64×25/30, or 80×25/30 Mono
Full: 256x256, 320x256, 512x256, 640x256 Mono Semi: 64x75/90, 80x75/90, 128x75/90, 160x75/90 Mono
(64x75/90, 80x75/90, 128x75/90, 160x75/90; 256, 320, 512, 640x256)
LC, BG
Built in one line VFD, Videotext mode support
Interact Home Computer
1979
2184 Bytes
17×12 4 colors
Semi: 112×78 4 colors
112×78
Characters were drawn on a 112×78 pixel graphics screen which means that each character was 6×6 pixels, including blank space between the characters, which led to very blocky characters, which simply didn't allow for distinct lower case characters.
In theory, the "graphics" screen text was drawn on could be the text-mode semigraphics screen for a more standard (for the time) 56x26 or 56x39 high-resolution text mode, though in practice this real text mode was apparently never used (if it even could be).
4 of 8
Kaypro II series
1982
2 KB
80×24 Mono, on 9" built in CRT
Semi: Presumably 160x72 Mono
(80x24)
LC, BG
No
-
NASCOM 1 NASCOM 2
1977 1979
1K
48×16 Mono
N/A
LC
No
None
Osborne 1, Osborne Executive and Osborne Vixen
1981, 1982, 1984
4K
52x24 Mono on 5" CRT, later 80x24 on 7" CRT
"Full": Presumably limited 416x192 Mono, later limited 640x192 using its pseudo graphic characters set
(52x24, later 80x24)
LC, SG
Uses virtual screen to make up for limitations of original 5" CRT, a feature presumably not dropped from later models in order to achieve full backward compatibility
Panasonic JR-200
1983
2K+2K
32×24 8 colors
"Full": 256x192 8 colors Semi: 64×48 8 colors
32x24
LC, BG
unique semi-graphic pixel color attribute scheme made that each of the 64×48 semi-graphic "pixels" (consisting of a quarter of an 8×8 pixel character space) could have its own independent color, these semi-graphics could be combined with predefined characters, or programmable characters, each of which could also have an independent foreground and background color out of a palette of 8.
Jupiter Ace
1982
2K
32×24 Mono
"Full": Limited 256x192 Mono by using the 128 characters Semi: 64×48 Mono
32x24
LC, BG
Limited
LINK 480Z and Research Machines 380Z
1982
2K
40×25 or 80×25 Mono
A separate independent video display generator board could be added that did support high resolution graphics of 640×192×1, 320×192×2 or 160×96×4 bits per pixel
LC
n of 16 with Hires expansion board; 16 out of 256 logical intensities with composite interface, 16 logical colors with TTL RGB interface
MZ-80K
1979
1000 Bytes
40×25 Mono
"Full": Limited 320x200 Mono Semi: 80×50 Mono
(40x25)
LC, BG, SG
No
None
many well-chosen pseudo-graphics characters
KC 87, KC85/1
1987
960 bytes 87.x1: 960+960 bytes
85/1, 87: 40x20 Mono for 85/1, 87.x0; 16 foreground colors + 8 background colors for 87.x1
85/1, 87: Limited 320x192 Mono for 85/1, 87.x0; 16 foreground colors + 8 background colors for 87.x1 using its pseudo graphic characters set
87.x1: 40x24
LC
TRS-80 Models I and III
1977, 1980
up to 1K
32×16 or 64×16 Mono
Semi: 64×48 or 128×48 Mono
(32x16 or 64x16)
LC, BG
No
None
The canonical system to use Text semigraphics
TRS-80 Model 4
1983
1920 bytes
32×16, 40x24, 64×16 or 80x24 Mono
Semi: 64×48, 80x72, 128×48 or 160x72 Mono
(32x16, 40x24, 64x16 or 80x24)
LC, BG
Can display full 640x240 or 512x192 graphics with a standardized expansion board
· The list of home computers and their video capabilities › Systems using discrete logic › Without independent text mode(s)
Apple III
Apple III
System name
Apple III
Year
1980
Video RAM
64K
Video mode(s)
40×24 Text in 280×192 Graphics or 80×24 in 560×192 2 or 16 colors
color resolution
140x192, 280x192; 140x192, 560x192
Font extras
LC
unique features
228 programmable characters, bundled with Apple II software emulator
Apple Lisa/Macintosh XL
Apple Lisa/Macintosh XL
System name
Apple Lisa/Macintosh XL
Year
1983
Video RAM
Presumably 2x32760 bytes
Video mode(s)
drawn by software on 720x364r/608x432s mono, (4 gray scales)
color resolution
(720x364r/608x432s)
Font extras
Yes
Apple Macintosh 128K and other compact models
Apple Macintosh 128K and other compact models
System name
Apple Macintosh 128K and other compact models
Year
1984
Chip name
Video RAM
2x21888 bytes
Video mode(s)
drawn by software on 512x342 mono, (4 grayscales)
color resolution
(512x342)
soft fonts
SE/30 and Classic were the only 32-bit models to use discrete logic to implement video hardware
DAI Personal Computer
DAI Personal Computer
System name
DAI Personal Computer
Year
1979
Chip name
Video RAM
31680 bytes
Video mode(s)
88×65, 176×130, 352×260, 60x24 Text in 528×240 Graphics 4 or 16 colors
color resolution
88×65, 176×130, 352×260, 528×240
Font extras
LC
soft fonts
palette support
4 of 16
unique features
split screen text and graphics mode with 4-line caption
PMD 85
PMD 85
System name
PMD 85
Year
1985
Video RAM
9600 Bytes
Video mode(s)
48×32 Text in 288×256 Graphics 4 gray-scales, 4 colors for 85/3
color resolution
288x256
Font extras
LC
palette support
4 out of ? gray-scales, 4 out of ? colors for 85/3
unique features
no text modes, only a single 288×256x2 bits per pixel graphics mode
Tiki 100
Tiki 100
System name
Tiki 100
Year
1984
Chip name
Video RAM
32K
Video mode(s)
40×25 Text in 256×256 Graphics 16 colors, 80×25 in 512×256 4 colors, 160×25 in 1024×256 2 colors
color resolution
256×256, 512×256, 1024×256
Font extras
LC
soft fonts
Yes
palette support
256
unique features
SC
Robotron KC 85/2
Robotron KC 85/2
System name
Robotron KC 85/2
Year
1984
Video RAM
16K
Video mode(s)
320x256
color resolution
40x64 (16fg8bg)
soft fonts
Yes
palette support
No
unique features
CPU VRAM access can cause visual distortions, Half-character attribute cells (8x4)
KC 85/3
KC 85/3
System name
KC 85/3
Year
1986
Chip name
LC
KC 85/4
KC 85/4
System name
KC 85/4
Year
1988
Video RAM
64K
Video mode(s)
320x256
color resolution
40x256 (16fg8bg), 320x256 (4)
Font extras
LC
soft fonts
Yes
palette support
No
unique features
Vertical video ram, Single line vertical attribute cells (8x1), 2 buffers
Xerox Alto
Xerox Alto
System name
Xerox Alto
Year
1973
Video RAM
61206 bytes
Video mode(s)
drawn by software on 606x808 Mono
color resolution
(606x808)
Font extras
LC
soft fonts
Yes
unique features
First known system with graphics First known system without separate text buffer
System name
Year
Chip name
Video RAM
Video mode(s)
color resolution
Font extras
soft fonts
palette support
unique features
Apple III
1980
64K
40×24 Text in 280×192 Graphics or 80×24 in 560×192 2 or 16 colors
140x192, 280x192; 140x192, 560x192
LC
228 programmable characters, bundled with Apple II software emulator
Apple Lisa/Macintosh XL
1983
Presumably 2x32760 bytes
drawn by software on 720x364r/608x432s mono, (4 gray scales)
(720x364r/608x432s)
Yes
Apple Macintosh 128K and other compact models
1984
2x21888 bytes
drawn by software on 512x342 mono, (4 grayscales)
(512x342)
SE/30 and Classic were the only 32-bit models to use discrete logic to implement video hardware
DAI Personal Computer
1979
31680 bytes
88×65, 176×130, 352×260, 60x24 Text in 528×240 Graphics 4 or 16 colors
88×65, 176×130, 352×260, 528×240
LC
4 of 16
split screen text and graphics mode with 4-line caption
PMD 85
1985
9600 Bytes
48×32 Text in 288×256 Graphics 4 gray-scales, 4 colors for 85/3
288x256
LC
4 out of ? gray-scales, 4 out of ? colors for 85/3
no text modes, only a single 288×256x2 bits per pixel graphics mode
Tiki 100
1984
32K
40×25 Text in 256×256 Graphics 16 colors, 80×25 in 512×256 4 colors, 160×25 in 1024×256 2 colors
256×256, 512×256, 1024×256
LC
Yes
256
SC
Robotron KC 85/2
1984
16K
320x256
40x64 (16fg8bg)
Yes
No
CPU VRAM access can cause visual distortions, Half-character attribute cells (8x4)
KC 85/3
1986
LC
KC 85/4
1988
64K
320x256
40x256 (16fg8bg), 320x256 (4)
LC
Yes
No
Vertical video ram, Single line vertical attribute cells (8x1), 2 buffers
Xerox Alto
1973
61206 bytes
drawn by software on 606x808 Mono
(606x808)
LC
Yes
First known system with graphics First known system without separate text buffer
· The list of home computers and their video capabilities › Systems using simple Video Shift Registers
COSMAC VIP, Telmac 1800
COSMAC VIP, Telmac 1800
System name
COSMAC VIP, Telmac 1800
Year
1977
Chip name
CDP 1861
Video RAM
256 Bytes
Video mode
64 × 32 Mono graphics
soft fonts
Yes
unique features
Incredibly primitive but supporting color
Oscom NANO, ETI 660, Telmac 2000
Oscom NANO, ETI 660, Telmac 2000
System name
Oscom NANO, ETI 660, Telmac 2000
Year
1980, 1981
Chip name
CDP 1864
Video RAM
1.5K
Video mode
64 × 192 Mono graphics
soft fonts
Incredibly primitive but supporting color
System name
Year
Chip name
Video RAM
Video mode
soft fonts
unique features
COSMAC VIP, Telmac 1800
1977
CDP 1861
256 Bytes
64 × 32 Mono graphics
Yes
Incredibly primitive but supporting color
Oscom NANO, ETI 660, Telmac 2000
1980, 1981
CDP 1864
1.5K
64 × 192 Mono graphics
Incredibly primitive but supporting color
· The list of home computers and their video capabilities › Systems using custom logic ICs › With independent text mode(s)
Text
Text
System name
Text
Year
Graphics
Apple IIe, Apple IIc
Apple IIe, Apple IIc
System name
Apple IIe, Apple IIc
Year
1983, 1984
Chip name
MMU/IOU
Video RAM
27K
Video mode(s)
40×24 or 80×24 Mono
Video mode(s)
Full: 280×192 6 or 15 Colors or 560×192 15 colors Semi: 40×48 or 80×48 15 colors
color resolution
40x48, 80x48; 140x192, 280x192; 140x192
Font extras
LC
soft fonts
No
palette support
None
Apple IIGS
Apple IIGS
System name
Apple IIGS
Year
1986
Chip name
VGC
Video RAM
32K
Video mode(s)
40×24 or 80×24 16 colors
Video mode(s)
Full: 280×192 6 or 16 colors or 560×192 16 colors, 320×200 16-3200 colors or 640×200 4-800 pure or 16 dithered colors Semi: 40×48 or 80×48 16 colors
color resolution
40x48, 80x48; 140x192, 280x192; 140x192; 320x200, 640x200
Font extras
LC
soft fonts
No
palette support
Apple modes none, other modes 4096
Mattel Aquarius
Mattel Aquarius
System name
Mattel Aquarius
Year
1983
Chip name
TEA1002
Video RAM
2000 bytes
Video mode(s)
40×25 16 colors
Video mode(s)
"Full": Presumably at least limited 320x200 16 colors through (assembly language routines and) graphical symbols included in its character set Semi: 80×75 16 colors
color resolution
40×25
Font extras
LC, BG
soft fonts
palette support
None
TRS-80 Color Computer Model 3
TRS-80 Color Computer Model 3
System name
TRS-80 Color Computer Model 3
Year
1986
Chip name
GIME
Video RAM
72000 bytes
Video mode(s)
20x16-25, 32x16-25, 40x16-25, 64x16-25 or 80x16-25 16 colors
Video mode(s)
Full: 64×64 4 colors, 128×64, 128×96, 128×192 2 or 4 colors; 160x192-225, 256×192-225, 320x192-225 2, 4, 16 or 256 colors; 512x192-225 or 640x192-225 2, 4 or 16 colors Semi: 64x32 9 colors, 64x48 4 colors
color resolution
64×64, 128×64, 128×96, 128×192, 160x192-225, 256×192-225, 320x192-225, 512x192-225 or 640x192-225; 64x32, 64x48
Font extras
BG, LC
soft fonts
No
HW accel
?
System name
Year
Chip name
Video RAM
Video mode(s)
color resolution
Font extras
soft fonts
palette support
HW accel
unique features
Text
Graphics
Apple IIe, Apple IIc
1983, 1984
MMU/IOU
27K
40×24 or 80×24 Mono
Full: 280×192 6 or 15 Colors or 560×192 15 colors Semi: 40×48 or 80×48 15 colors
40x48, 80x48; 140x192, 280x192; 140x192
LC
No
None
Apple IIGS
1986
VGC
32K
40×24 or 80×24 16 colors
Full: 280×192 6 or 16 colors or 560×192 16 colors, 320×200 16-3200 colors or 640×200 4-800 pure or 16 dithered colors Semi: 40×48 or 80×48 16 colors
40x48, 80x48; 140x192, 280x192; 140x192; 320x200, 640x200
LC
No
Apple modes none, other modes 4096
Mattel Aquarius
1983
TEA1002
2000 bytes
40×25 16 colors
"Full": Presumably at least limited 320x200 16 colors through (assembly language routines and) graphical symbols included in its character set Semi: 80×75 16 colors
40×25
LC, BG
None
TRS-80 Color Computer Model 3
1986
GIME
72000 bytes
20x16-25, 32x16-25, 40x16-25, 64x16-25 or 80x16-25 16 colors
Full: 64×64 4 colors, 128×64, 128×96, 128×192 2 or 4 colors; 160x192-225, 256×192-225, 320x192-225 2, 4, 16 or 256 colors; 512x192-225 or 640x192-225 2, 4 or 16 colors Semi: 64x32 9 colors, 64x48 4 colors
64×64, 128×64, 128×96, 128×192, 160x192-225, 256×192-225, 320x192-225, 512x192-225 or 640x192-225; 64x32, 64x48
BG, LC
No
?
· The list of home computers and their video capabilities › Systems using custom logic ICs › Without independent text mode(s)
Atari ST
Atari ST
System name
Atari ST
Year
1985
Chip name
ST Shifter
Video RAM
32K
Video mode(s)
drawn by software 16 colors on 320×200 16 colors, 640×200 4 colors or 640×400 2 colors
color resolution
320x200, 640x200
Font extras
LC
soft fonts
Yes
palette support
Yes 512
unique features
Hi-Res non-interlaced 31 kHz-72 Hz
Electronika BK -0010/-0011
Electronika BK -0010/-0011
System name
Electronika BK -0010/-0011
Year
1985
Chip name
ULA
Video RAM
16K
Video mode(s)
32×25 Text in 256×256 Graphics 4 colors or 64×25 in 512×256 2 colors
color resolution
256×256 or 512×256
Font extras
Yes
soft fonts
SC
Enterprise 64
Enterprise 64
System name
Enterprise 64
Year
1985
Chip name
Nick
Video RAM
64K
Video mode(s)
Full: 80x256 256 colors, 160x256 16 colors, 40×32 Text in 320x256 Graphics 4 colors, 80×32 or 28 in 640x256p/ 64 in 512i 2 colors Semi: 80x96, 160x84p/96p/192i 2 or 4 colors via soft fonts
color resolution
80x256, 160x256, 320x256, 640x256p/512i: 40×32, 80×32 or 28 or 80×64 interlaced
Font extras
Yes
palette support
Advanced for its time
Oric 1
Oric 1
System name
Oric 1
Year
1983
Chip name
HCS 10017 ULA
Video RAM
8K
Video mode(s)
Full: 40×28 Text in 240×200 Graphics 8 colors (limited 240x224 through soft font) Semi: 80x84 8 colors through soft font
color resolution
40×224
Font extras
LC
soft fonts
Yes
palette support
None
HW accel
None
Nimbus PC-186
Nimbus PC-186
System name
Nimbus PC-186
Year
1984
Chip name
FPGA
Video RAM
64K
Video mode(s)
40×25 Text in 320×250 Graphics 16 colors or 80×25 in 640×350 4/16 colors
color resolution
320×250 or 640×350
Font extras
LC
soft fonts
palette support
4 of 16
unique features
Early x86-based non IBM-PC system with good graphics
SAM Coupé
SAM Coupé
System name
SAM Coupé
Year
1989
Chip name
ASIC
Video RAM
24K
Video mode(s)
32×24 Text in 256×192 Graphics 8 or 16 colors or 85×24 in 512×192 4 colors
color resolution
32×24, 32×192 or 256×192; 512×192
Font extras
soft fonts
16 entries 128 colors
HW accel
Backward compatible with Sinclair Spectrum
Sinclair ZX Spectrum
Sinclair ZX Spectrum
System name
Sinclair ZX Spectrum
Year
1982
Chip name
ULA
Video RAM
6912 Bytes
Video mode(s)
Full: 32x24 Text in 256×192 Graphics 15 colors Semi: 64x48 15 colors
color resolution
32×24
Font extras
LC, BG
soft fonts
palette support
None
HW accel
color limitations
Timex/Sinclair TS2068
Timex/Sinclair TS2068
System name
Timex/Sinclair TS2068
Year
1983
Chip name
Timex SCLD (CPLD)
Video RAM
12288 bytes (max)
Video mode(s)
Full: 32x24 Text in 256×192 Graphics 15 colors or 64x24 in 512×192 Mono Semi: 64x48 15 colors or 128x48 Mono
color resolution
32×24, 32×192
Font extras
soft fonts
swapping between two 256×192 screens
ZX Spectrum Next
ZX Spectrum Next
System name
ZX Spectrum Next
Year
2020
Chip name
FPGA
Video RAM
6912 Bytes, 48K (layer 0) + 1280 Bytes sprite RAM
Video mode(s)
Full: 32x24 Text in 256×192 Graphics 15 or 256 colors 80x24 in 512x192 2 or 256 colors Semi: 64x48 15 colors
color resolution
32×24, 32x192, 256×192, 512x192
Font extras
LC, BG, SC, SP
soft fonts
Yes
palette support
256 entries 512 colors
HW accel
64 sprites, hardware scrolling, copper, tile-map
unique features
backward compatible with older Spectrums
Sinclair QL
Sinclair QL
System name
Sinclair QL
Year
1984
Chip name
ZX8301 ULA
Video RAM
32K
Video mode(s)
Full: 42×25 Text in 256×256 Graphics 8 colors or 85×25 in 512×256 4 colors Semi: 84x75 8 colors or 170x75 4 colors through soft font, 128x128 8 colors or 256x128 4 colors stippled
color resolution
256×256 or 512×256, 128x128 or 256x128
Font extras
LC
soft fonts
Yes
palette support
none
HW accel
hardware pixel-based blinking
Thomson MO5
Thomson MO5
System name
Thomson MO5
Year
1984
Chip name
EFGJ03L gate array
Video RAM
16K
Video mode(s)
Full: 40×25 Text in 320×200 Graphics 16 colors Semi: 80x75 16 colors through soft font
color resolution
40×25, 320x200
Thomson TO7
Thomson TO7
System name
Thomson TO7
Year
1982
Chip name
MC 13000 ALS gate array on TO-7/70
Video RAM
14000 bytes, either 15000 or 16000 bytes for TO7/70
Video mode(s)
40×25 Text in 320×200 Graphics 8 colors, 16 for TO7/70
color resolution
40×200
Thomson systems MO6, TO8 and TO9+
Thomson systems MO6, TO8 and TO9+
System name
Thomson systems MO6, TO8 and TO9+
Year
1986
Chip name
custom TI gate array plus EF-9369P color palette
Video RAM
16K
Video mode(s)
Full: 8 modes from 160×200 16 colors to 640×200 2 colors (40×25 Text in 320×200 Graphics and 80×25 in 640×200) Semi: 80x75 4 colors or 160x75 2 colors through soft font
color resolution
from 160×200 to 640×200
Font extras
Yes
palette support
16 entries 4096 colors
System name
Year
Chip name
Video RAM
Video mode(s)
color resolution
Font extras
soft fonts
palette support
HW accel
unique features
Atari ST
1985
ST Shifter
32K
drawn by software 16 colors on 320×200 16 colors, 640×200 4 colors or 640×400 2 colors
320x200, 640x200
LC
Yes
Yes 512
Hi-Res non-interlaced 31 kHz-72 Hz
Electronika BK -0010/-0011
1985
ULA
16K
32×25 Text in 256×256 Graphics 4 colors or 64×25 in 512×256 2 colors
256×256 or 512×256
Yes
SC
Enterprise 64
1985
Nick
64K
Full: 80x256 256 colors, 160x256 16 colors, 40×32 Text in 320x256 Graphics 4 colors, 80×32 or 28 in 640x256p/ 64 in 512i 2 colors Semi: 80x96, 160x84p/96p/192i 2 or 4 colors via soft fonts
80x256, 160x256, 320x256, 640x256p/512i: 40×32, 80×32 or 28 or 80×64 interlaced
Yes
Advanced for its time
Oric 1
1983
HCS 10017 ULA
8K
Full: 40×28 Text in 240×200 Graphics 8 colors (limited 240x224 through soft font) Semi: 80x84 8 colors through soft font
40×224
LC
Yes
None
None
Nimbus PC-186
1984
FPGA
64K
40×25 Text in 320×250 Graphics 16 colors or 80×25 in 640×350 4/16 colors
320×250 or 640×350
LC
4 of 16
Early x86-based non IBM-PC system with good graphics
SAM Coupé
1989
ASIC
24K
32×24 Text in 256×192 Graphics 8 or 16 colors or 85×24 in 512×192 4 colors
32×24, 32×192 or 256×192; 512×192
16 entries 128 colors
Backward compatible with Sinclair Spectrum
Sinclair ZX Spectrum
1982
ULA
6912 Bytes
Full: 32x24 Text in 256×192 Graphics 15 colors Semi: 64x48 15 colors
32×24
LC, BG
None
color limitations
Timex/Sinclair TS2068
1983
Timex SCLD (CPLD)
12288 bytes (max)
Full: 32x24 Text in 256×192 Graphics 15 colors or 64x24 in 512×192 Mono Semi: 64x48 15 colors or 128x48 Mono
32×24, 32×192
swapping between two 256×192 screens
ZX Spectrum Next
2020
FPGA
6912 Bytes, 48K (layer 0) + 1280 Bytes sprite RAM
Full: 32x24 Text in 256×192 Graphics 15 or 256 colors 80x24 in 512x192 2 or 256 colors Semi: 64x48 15 colors
32×24, 32x192, 256×192, 512x192
LC, BG, SC, SP
Yes
256 entries 512 colors
64 sprites, hardware scrolling, copper, tile-map
backward compatible with older Spectrums
Sinclair QL
1984
ZX8301 ULA
32K
Full: 42×25 Text in 256×256 Graphics 8 colors or 85×25 in 512×256 4 colors Semi: 84x75 8 colors or 170x75 4 colors through soft font, 128x128 8 colors or 256x128 4 colors stippled
256×256 or 512×256, 128x128 or 256x128
LC
Yes
none
hardware pixel-based blinking
Thomson MO5
1984
EFGJ03L gate array
16K
Full: 40×25 Text in 320×200 Graphics 16 colors Semi: 80x75 16 colors through soft font
40×25, 320x200
Thomson TO7
1982
MC 13000 ALS gate array on TO-7/70
14000 bytes, either 15000 or 16000 bytes for TO7/70
40×25 Text in 320×200 Graphics 8 colors, 16 for TO7/70
40×200
Thomson systems MO6, TO8 and TO9+
1986
custom TI gate array plus EF-9369P color palette
16K
Full: 8 modes from 160×200 16 colors to 640×200 2 colors (40×25 Text in 320×200 Graphics and 80×25 in 640×200) Semi: 80x75 4 colors or 160x75 2 colors through soft font
from 160×200 to 640×200
Yes
16 entries 4096 colors
· The list of home computers and their video capabilities › Systems using a CRTC › MC6845 or second source › With independent text mode(s)
Text
Text
System name
Text
Year
Graphics
ABC 800 series
ABC 800 series
System name
ABC 800 series
Year
1981
Video RAM
1K (800C), 2K (800M, 802, 806) + 128K (806)
Video mode(s)
40x24 or 80×24 (800M, 802, 806) 8 or 2 colors
Video mode(s)
Full: 256×240 or 512x240 16 colors (806) semi: 78x75 8 or 2 colors [or 158x75 (800M, 802, 806)]
color resolution
256×240 or 512x240 (806), 40x24 or 80×24 ( 802, 806)
Font extras
LC, BG
soft fonts
No
palette support
None
HW accel
None
unique features
HR board for 800 and 802 provides 16K for 240×240 graphics in 4 of 8 colors
Aster CT-80
Aster CT-80
System name
Aster CT-80
Year
1979
Video RAM
1K or 2K
Video mode(s)
64×16, 32×16, 80×25 or 40×25 Mono
Video mode(s)
Semi: 128×48, 64x48, 160×75 or 80x75 3 gray scales
color resolution
128×48, 64x48, 160×75 or 80x75
Font extras
LC, BG, SG
soft fonts
Dual memory map support
palette support
Early clone of the TRS-80 with additional graphic modes
Commodore PET 4000 and 8000 series
Commodore PET 4000 and 8000 series
System name
Commodore PET 4000 and 8000 series
Year
1980, 1981
Video RAM
1000 Bytes (4000), 2000 Bytes (8000)
Video mode(s)
40×25 (4000) or 80×25 (8000) Mono, on 12" Mono monitor
Video mode(s)
"Full": Limited 320x200 Mono (4000) or 640x200 Mono (8000) Semi: 80×50 Mono (4000) or 160×50 Mono (8000) using part of its pseudo graphic characters set
color resolution
[40×25 (4000) or 80×25 (8000)]
Font extras
BG, SG
soft fonts
No
palette support
None
LNW-80
LNW-80
System name
LNW-80
Year
1982
Video RAM
1K or 2K
Video mode(s)
80×24, 64×16 or 32×16 8 colors
Video mode(s)
Full: 480×192 2 colors or 384x192 8 colors Semi: 160×72 or 128×48 8 colors
color resolution
480×192, 64×16
Font extras
LC, BG
soft fonts
No
LOBO MAX-80
LOBO MAX-80
System name
LOBO MAX-80
Year
1982
Video RAM
1K or 2K
Video mode(s)
80×24 or 64×16 Mono
Video mode(s)
"Full": Limited 640x240 or 512x192 Mono via programmable character set Semi: 160×72 or 128×48 Mono
color resolution
(80x24 or 64x16)
Font extras
Yes
MicroBee
MicroBee
System name
MicroBee
Year
1982
Video RAM
4K
Video mode(s)
64×16 Mono
Video mode(s)
"Full": 17 limited modes from 512x128 to 512x256 Mono in steps of 8 lines Semi: 128×48 Mono
color resolution
64x16
Font extras
Yes
Sony SMC-70
Sony SMC-70
System name
Sony SMC-70
Year
1982
Video RAM
38KB
Video mode(s)
40×25 or 80×25 2 colors
Video mode(s)
160×100, 320×200 16 colors, 640×200 4 colors or 640×400 2 colors
color resolution
40×25 or 80×25, 160×100, 320×200, 640×200, 640×400
Font extras
LC
soft fonts
Yes
palette support
n of 16
unique features
Genlocker (G & P versions)
System name
Year
Video RAM
Video mode(s)
color resolution
Font extras
soft fonts
palette support
HW accel
unique features
Text
Graphics
ABC 800 series
1981
1K (800C), 2K (800M, 802, 806) + 128K (806)
40x24 or 80×24 (800M, 802, 806) 8 or 2 colors
Full: 256×240 or 512x240 16 colors (806) semi: 78x75 8 or 2 colors [or 158x75 (800M, 802, 806)]
256×240 or 512x240 (806), 40x24 or 80×24 ( 802, 806)
LC, BG
No
None
None
HR board for 800 and 802 provides 16K for 240×240 graphics in 4 of 8 colors
Aster CT-80
1979
1K or 2K
64×16, 32×16, 80×25 or 40×25 Mono
Semi: 128×48, 64x48, 160×75 or 80x75 3 gray scales
128×48, 64x48, 160×75 or 80x75
LC, BG, SG
Dual memory map support
Early clone of the TRS-80 with additional graphic modes
Commodore PET 4000 and 8000 series
1980, 1981
1000 Bytes (4000), 2000 Bytes (8000)
40×25 (4000) or 80×25 (8000) Mono, on 12" Mono monitor
"Full": Limited 320x200 Mono (4000) or 640x200 Mono (8000) Semi: 80×50 Mono (4000) or 160×50 Mono (8000) using part of its pseudo graphic characters set
[40×25 (4000) or 80×25 (8000)]
BG, SG
No
None
LNW-80
1982
1K or 2K
80×24, 64×16 or 32×16 8 colors
Full: 480×192 2 colors or 384x192 8 colors Semi: 160×72 or 128×48 8 colors
480×192, 64×16
LC, BG
No
LOBO MAX-80
1982
1K or 2K
80×24 or 64×16 Mono
"Full": Limited 640x240 or 512x192 Mono via programmable character set Semi: 160×72 or 128×48 Mono
(80x24 or 64x16)
Yes
MicroBee
1982
4K
64×16 Mono
"Full": 17 limited modes from 512x128 to 512x256 Mono in steps of 8 lines Semi: 128×48 Mono
64x16
Yes
Sony SMC-70
1982
38KB
40×25 or 80×25 2 colors
160×100, 320×200 16 colors, 640×200 4 colors or 640×400 2 colors
40×25 or 80×25, 160×100, 320×200, 640×200, 640×400
LC
Yes
n of 16
Genlocker (G & P versions)
· The list of home computers and their video capabilities › Systems using a CRTC › MC6845 or second source › Without independent text mode(s)
Camputers Lynx
Camputers Lynx
System name
Camputers Lynx
Year
1983
Video RAM
32K
Video mode(s)
Full: 40×24 Text in 256×252 Graphics 8 colors Semi: Presumably 80x72 8 colors
color resolution
40x24, 256x252
Font extras
LC
soft fonts
No
palette support
None
HW accel
None
Colour Genie
Colour Genie
System name
Colour Genie
Year
1982
Video RAM
16K
Video mode(s)
"Full": Limited 40×24 Text in 320×192 Graphics using 8×8 pixel programmable characters 16 colors Semi: 160x96 4 colors or presumably 80×72 16 colors
color resolution
40x24, 160x96
Font extras
LC, BG, SG
soft fonts
Yes
palette support
4 of 16
unique features
Programmable characters
Sharp X1 (CZ-800C)
Sharp X1 (CZ-800C)
System name
Sharp X1 (CZ-800C)
Year
1982
Video RAM
48000 bytes
Video mode(s)
40×25 Text in 320×200 Graphics, 80×25 in 640×200 8 colors
color resolution
320×200, 640×200
Font extras
LC
soft fonts
Yes
palette support
None
unique features
powerful APA color PCG
Casio FX-9000P
Casio FX-9000P
System name
Casio FX-9000P
Year
1980
Video RAM
4K
Video mode(s)
32×16 Text in 256×128 Graphics Mono
color resolution
(256x128)
Font extras
None
soft fonts
?
System name
Year
Video RAM
Video mode(s)
color resolution
Font extras
soft fonts
palette support
HW accel
unique features
Camputers Lynx
1983
32K
Full: 40×24 Text in 256×252 Graphics 8 colors Semi: Presumably 80x72 8 colors
40x24, 256x252
LC
No
None
None
Colour Genie
1982
16K
"Full": Limited 40×24 Text in 320×192 Graphics using 8×8 pixel programmable characters 16 colors Semi: 160x96 4 colors or presumably 80×72 16 colors
40x24, 160x96
LC, BG, SG
Yes
4 of 16
Programmable characters
Sharp X1 (CZ-800C)
1982
48000 bytes
40×25 Text in 320×200 Graphics, 80×25 in 640×200 8 colors
320×200, 640×200
LC
Yes
None
powerful APA color PCG
Casio FX-9000P
1980
4K
32×16 Text in 256×128 Graphics Mono
(256x128)
None
?
· The list of home computers and their video capabilities › Systems using a CRTC › Other models
Text
Text
System name
Text
Year
Graphics
Compucolor II
Compucolor II
System name
Compucolor II
Year
1977
Chip name
SMSC CRT5027
Video RAM
4K
Video mode(s)
64×32 or 64×16 8 colors on 13" built-in color screen
Video mode(s)
"Full": Limited 512x256 8 colors Semi: 128×128 8 colors or presumably 128×96 8 colors or 128x48 8 colors (through block graphics characters included in the font)
color resolution
64x16 or 64x32, 128x128
Font extras
BG
unique features
said to be the first color home computer on the market, very nice graphics for the time
Comx-35 and clones
Comx-35 and clones
System name
Comx-35 and clones
Year
1983
Chip name
CDP1869 CDP1870
Video RAM
3K
Video mode(s)
40×24 8 foreground colors (4 per 6×8 or 6×9 pixels, 1 per 6-pixel line)+ 8 background colors (for the whole screen)
Video mode(s)
"Full": Limited 240×192(NTSC)/240x216 (PAL)/240x384 (expanded RAM) 8 foreground colors (4 per 6×8 or 6×9 pixels, 1 per 6 pixel line)+ 8 background colors (for the whole screen) Semi: 80×72/120×96 8 foreground colors (4 per 6×8 or 6×9 pixels, 1 per 6-pixel line)+ 8 background colors (for the whole screen)
color resolution
40x24
Font extras
BG, SG
soft fonts
Yes
palette support
8 foregrounds+8 backgroundout of?
Durango F-85
Durango F-85
System name
Durango F-85
Year
1977
Chip name
Intel 8275
Video RAM
2 KB
Video mode(s)
80×24 or 64×16 Mono, on 9" built-in CRT
Video mode(s)
Semi: Presumably 160x72 or 128x48 Mono
color resolution
(80x24 or 64x16)
Font extras
LC, BG
MZ-700
MZ-700
System name
MZ-700
Year
1982
Chip name
M60719
Video RAM
2000 Bytes
Video mode(s)
40×25 8 colors
Video mode(s)
"full": Limited 320x200 8 colors semi: 80×50 8 colors
color resolution
40x25
Font extras
LC, BG, SG
soft fonts
No
PC-8001
PC-8001
System name
PC-8001
Year
1979
Chip name
ìPD3301D
Video RAM
3K, 16K, 48K
Video mode(s)
40×20, 40×25, 80×20 or 80×25 8 colors
Video mode(s)
Full: 320x200 or 640x200 8 colors Semi: 160×100 8 colors
color resolution
320x200 or 640x200, 80x25
Font extras
LC, BG
soft fonts
No
Robotron 1715
Robotron 1715
System name
Robotron 1715
Year
1984
Chip name
Intel 8275
Video RAM
2 KB
Video mode(s)
80×24 or 64×16 Mono
Video mode(s)
Semi: Presumably 160x72 or 128x48 Mono
color resolution
(80x24 or 64x16)
Font extras
LC, BG
soft fonts
for 1715W model
unique features
had two switchable ROMs for Cyrillic/Latin letters
Telmac TMC-600
Telmac TMC-600
System name
Telmac TMC-600
Year
1982
Chip name
CDP1869 CDP1870
Video RAM
1K
Video mode(s)
Presumably 40x24 8 colors
Video mode(s)
Semi: 80x72 8 colors
color resolution
40x24
Font extras
LC
soft fonts
No
Matra Alice 32/90 and clones and Philips VG5000
Matra Alice 32/90 and clones and Philips VG5000
System name
Matra Alice 32/90 and clones and Philips VG5000
Year
1984
Chip name
EF9345
Video RAM
8K
Video mode(s)
32×16, 40×25 or 80×25 9 colors
Video mode(s)
Full: 160×125 or 320×250 16 colors Semi: 64x32, 80x50 or 160x50 9 colors
color resolution
32x16, 40x25, 80x25
Font extras
LC, BG
soft fonts
3×100 user definable characters, but only in 40×25 text mode
palette support
Full and half-intensity foreground plus background out of 8
HW accel
DR
unique features
Video Input
System name
Year
Chip name
Video RAM
Video mode(s)
color resolution
Font extras
soft fonts
palette support
HW accel
unique features
Text
Graphics
Compucolor II
1977
SMSC CRT5027
4K
64×32 or 64×16 8 colors on 13" built-in color screen
"Full": Limited 512x256 8 colors Semi: 128×128 8 colors or presumably 128×96 8 colors or 128x48 8 colors (through block graphics characters included in the font)
64x16 or 64x32, 128x128
BG
said to be the first color home computer on the market, very nice graphics for the time
Comx-35 and clones
1983
CDP1869 CDP1870
3K
40×24 8 foreground colors (4 per 6×8 or 6×9 pixels, 1 per 6-pixel line)+ 8 background colors (for the whole screen)
"Full": Limited 240×192(NTSC)/240x216 (PAL)/240x384 (expanded RAM) 8 foreground colors (4 per 6×8 or 6×9 pixels, 1 per 6 pixel line)+ 8 background colors (for the whole screen) Semi: 80×72/120×96 8 foreground colors (4 per 6×8 or 6×9 pixels, 1 per 6-pixel line)+ 8 background colors (for the whole screen)
40x24
BG, SG
Yes
8 foregrounds+8 backgroundout of?
Durango F-85
1977
Intel 8275
2 KB
80×24 or 64×16 Mono, on 9" built-in CRT
Semi: Presumably 160x72 or 128x48 Mono
(80x24 or 64x16)
LC, BG
MZ-700
1982
M60719
2000 Bytes
40×25 8 colors
"full": Limited 320x200 8 colors semi: 80×50 8 colors
40x25
LC, BG, SG
No
PC-8001
1979
ìPD3301D
3K, 16K, 48K
40×20, 40×25, 80×20 or 80×25 8 colors
Full: 320x200 or 640x200 8 colors Semi: 160×100 8 colors
320x200 or 640x200, 80x25
LC, BG
No
Robotron 1715
1984
Intel 8275
2 KB
80×24 or 64×16 Mono
Semi: Presumably 160x72 or 128x48 Mono
(80x24 or 64x16)
LC, BG
for 1715W model
had two switchable ROMs for Cyrillic/Latin letters
Telmac TMC-600
1982
CDP1869 CDP1870
1K
Presumably 40x24 8 colors
Semi: 80x72 8 colors
40x24
LC
No
Matra Alice 32/90 and clones and Philips VG5000
1984
EF9345
8K
32×16, 40×25 or 80×25 9 colors
Full: 160×125 or 320×250 16 colors Semi: 64x32, 80x50 or 160x50 9 colors
32x16, 40x25, 80x25
LC, BG
3×100 user definable characters, but only in 40×25 text mode
Full and half-intensity foreground plus background out of 8
DR
Video Input
· The list of home computers and their video capabilities › Systems using a Video Interface Controller › MC6847 or second source › Text 32×16 9 colors<sup><span>[</span>196<span>]</span></sup> Graphics Full: 64×64 4 colors, 128×64, 128×96, 128×192 2 or 4 colors or 256×192 2 colors Semi: 64×32<sup><span>[</span>197<span>]</span></sup> 9 colors or 64×48<sup><span>[</span>198<span>]</span></sup> 4 colors color resolution 64×64, 128×64, 128×96, 128×192 or 256×192; 64×32 or 64×48
Acorn Atom, APF Imagination Machine, APF-MP1000, GEM 1000 / Charlemagne 999, Laser 100/110, Laser 200/210 and 310, SPC-1000 (later models), CCE MC-1000, Gakken Compact Vision TV Boy, Dragon 32/64, TRS-80 MC-10 and clones
Acorn Atom, APF Imagination Machine, APF-MP1000, GEM 1000 / Charlemagne 999, Laser 100/110, Laser 200/210 and 310, SPC-1000 (later models), CCE MC-1000, Gakken Compact Vision TV Boy, Dragon 32/64, TRS-80 MC-10 and clones
System name
Acorn Atom, APF Imagination Machine, APF-MP1000, GEM 1000 / Charlemagne 999, Laser 100/110, Laser 200/210 and 310, SPC-1000 (later models), CCE MC-1000, Gakken Compact Vision TV Boy, Dragon 32/64, TRS-80 MC-10 and clones
Year
1978, 1979, 1980, 1981, 1982, 1983, 1985
Chip name
MC6847
Font extras
BG
HW accel
None
SPC-1000 (early models)
SPC-1000 (early models)
System name
SPC-1000 (early models)
Year
1983
Chip name
AMI S68047
NEC PC-6001
NEC PC-6001
System name
NEC PC-6001
Year
1981
Chip name
M5C6847P-1
Video mode(s)
Semi: 64×48 9 colors
TRS-80 Color Computer 1 & 2 and clones
TRS-80 Color Computer 1 & 2 and clones
System name
TRS-80 Color Computer 1 & 2 and clones
Year
1980
Chip name
MC6847+MC6883
Video mode(s)
Full: 64×64 4 colors, 128×64, 128×96, 128×192 2 or 4 colors or 256×192 Semi: 64×64, 64×96 or 64×192
color resolution
64×64, 64×96 or 64×192
Font extras
BG
HW accel
The MC6883 could actually be used as a limited sort of sprite hardware in semigraphics modes, making them in practice limited 256×192×9 graphics modes
System name
Year
Chip name
Video mode(s)
color resolution
Font extras
HW accel
Sprite details
Acorn Atom, APF Imagination Machine, APF-MP1000, GEM 1000 / Charlemagne 999, Laser 100/110, Laser 200/210 and 310, SPC-1000 (later models), CCE MC-1000, Gakken Compact Vision TV Boy, Dragon 32/64, TRS-80 MC-10 and clones
1978, 1979, 1980, 1981, 1982, 1983, 1985
MC6847
BG
None
SPC-1000 (early models)
1983
AMI S68047
NEC PC-6001
1981
M5C6847P-1
Semi: 64×48 9 colors
TRS-80 Color Computer 1 & 2 and clones
1980
MC6847+MC6883
Full: 64×64 4 colors, 128×64, 128×96, 128×192 2 or 4 colors or 256×192 Semi: 64×64, 64×96 or 64×192
64×64, 64×96 or 64×192
BG
The MC6883 could actually be used as a limited sort of sprite hardware in semigraphics modes, making them in practice limited 256×192×9 graphics modes
· The list of home computers and their video capabilities › Systems using a Video Interface Controller › Other models › With independent text mode(s)
Text
Text
System name
Text
Year
Graphics
VIC-20
VIC-20
System name
VIC-20
Year
1980
Chip name
VIC
Video RAM
506 bytes + 506 nibbles
Video mode(s)
22×23 16 colors (upper 8 unusable as foreground)
Video mode(s)
Technically full: 160×160 16 colors (upper 8 unusable as foreground) (or more in special cases) or limited 176×184 16 colors (upper 8 unusable as foreground) Semi: technically 44x46 16 colors (upper 8 unusable as foreground) using part of its PETSCII character set
color resolution
22×23
Font extras
LC, BG, SG
soft fonts
Yes
palette support
not really, but something similar could be done by manipulating the four colors out of sixteen chosen for each tile, or the global background color
HW accel
The VIC chip allowed a character generator in RAM to redefine the pixel-by-pixel depictions of the on-screen characters and it allowed for double-height characters (8 pixels wide, 16 pixels high). It was possible to get a fully addressable 160 by 160 screen by filling the screen with a sequence of 200 different double-height characters, then turning on the pixels selectively inside the RAM-based character definitions. The 200-character limitation was so that enough bytes would be left over for the screen character grid itself to remain addressable by the VIC chip. The Super Expander cartridge provided such a mode in BASIC, although it often had to move the BASIC program around in memory to do it. It was also possible to fill a larger area of the screen with addressable graphics using a more dynamic allocation scheme if the contents were sparse or repetitive enough.
Sprite details
The VIC-20 had hardware support for a Light pen, but its most obvious features were its text mode with very wide characters and its built-in composite video output and the NTSC VIC's interlaced mode
Commodore 64
Commodore 64
System name
Commodore 64
Year
1982
Chip name
VIC-II
Video RAM
16K
Video mode(s)
40×25 16 colors
Video mode(s)
Full: 160×200 or 320×200 16 colors (semi: 80×50 16 colors using part of its pseudo graphic characters set)
color resolution
40x25
Font extras
LC, BG, SG
soft fonts
1 (320 px) or 3 (160 px) foreground + 1 background out of 16
palette support
SP, SC
HW accel
S#= 8 SS= 24×21, 12×21 SC=1 SP=8
Sprite details
Many
Commodore 65
Commodore 65
System name
Commodore 65
Year
1991
Chip name
VIC-III
Video RAM
up to 500K supported
Video mode(s)
40×25 or 80×25 16 colors
Video mode(s)
full: 160×200, 160×400, 320×200, 320×400, 640×200, 640×400, 1280×200 or 1280×400 up to 256 colors (semi: 80×50 or 160x50 16 colors using part of its pseudo graphic characters set)
color resolution
40x25; 160×200, 160×400, 320×200, 320×400, 640×200, 640×400, 1280×200 or 1280×400
Font extras
4096
soft fonts
SP, SC, BL
palette support
All the Commodore 64, plus DMA blitter support & genlock.
Commodore 16, 116 and Plus/4
Commodore 16, 116 and Plus/4
System name
Commodore 16, 116 and Plus/4
Year
1984
Chip name
TED
Video RAM
8K
Video mode(s)
40×25 16 colors
Video mode(s)
Full: 160×200 or 320×200 121 colors (semi: 80×50 16 colors using part of its pseudo graphic characters set)
color resolution
40x25
Font extras
1 (320 px) or 3 (160 px) foreground + 1 background out of 121
soft fonts
None
palette support
Some
IBM PCjr & Tandy 1000
IBM PCjr & Tandy 1000
System name
IBM PCjr & Tandy 1000
Year
1984
Chip name
"Video Gate Array" + 6845 (PCjr) / Tandy proprietary chip
Video RAM
32K
Video mode(s)
40×25 or 80×25 16 colors
Video mode(s)
Full: 160×200, 320×200 4 or 16 colors or 640×200 2 or 4 colors ("semi": 160×100 16 colors)
color resolution
40×25 or 80x25; 160×200, 320×200 or 640×200
Font extras
LC
soft fonts
No
palette support
2 or 4 out of 16
IBM PS/1
IBM PS/1
System name
IBM PS/1
Year
1990
Chip name
"VGA"
Video RAM
128K
Video mode(s)
Commonly 80×25, 40×25, 80×43 or 80×50 16 colors on 14" Monitor
Video mode(s)
Commonly 640×480, 640×400, 640×350 16 colors or 320×200 16 or 256 colors
color resolution
Commonly 640×480, 640×400, 640×350 or 320×200
Font extras
LC
soft fonts
Yes
palette support
16 or 256 colors out of a 262144 colors palette (6 bit per RGB channel)
HW accel
SC
Sprite details
unique features
"Video tweaking"
System name
Year
Chip name
Video RAM
Video mode(s)
color resolution
Font extras
soft fonts
palette support
HW accel
Sprite details
unique features
Text
Graphics
VIC-20
1980
VIC
506 bytes + 506 nibbles
22×23 16 colors (upper 8 unusable as foreground)
Technically full: 160×160 16 colors (upper 8 unusable as foreground) (or more in special cases) or limited 176×184 16 colors (upper 8 unusable as foreground) Semi: technically 44x46 16 colors (upper 8 unusable as foreground) using part of its PETSCII character set
22×23
LC, BG, SG
Yes
not really, but something similar could be done by manipulating the four colors out of sixteen chosen for each tile, or the global background color
The VIC chip allowed a character generator in RAM to redefine the pixel-by-pixel depictions of the on-screen characters and it allowed for double-height characters (8 pixels wide, 16 pixels high). It was possible to get a fully addressable 160 by 160 screen by filling the screen with a sequence of 200 different double-height characters, then turning on the pixels selectively inside the RAM-based character definitions. The 200-character limitation was so that enough bytes would be left over for the screen character grid itself to remain addressable by the VIC chip. The Super Expander cartridge provided such a mode in BASIC, although it often had to move the BASIC program around in memory to do it. It was also possible to fill a larger area of the screen with addressable graphics using a more dynamic allocation scheme if the contents were sparse or repetitive enough.
The VIC-20 had hardware support for a Light pen, but its most obvious features were its text mode with very wide characters and its built-in composite video output and the NTSC VIC's interlaced mode
Commodore 64
1982
VIC-II
16K
40×25 16 colors
Full: 160×200 or 320×200 16 colors (semi: 80×50 16 colors using part of its pseudo graphic characters set)
40x25
LC, BG, SG
1 (320 px) or 3 (160 px) foreground + 1 background out of 16
SP, SC
S#= 8 SS= 24×21, 12×21 SC=1 SP=8
Many
Commodore 65
1991
VIC-III
up to 500K supported
40×25 or 80×25 16 colors
full: 160×200, 160×400, 320×200, 320×400, 640×200, 640×400, 1280×200 or 1280×400 up to 256 colors (semi: 80×50 or 160x50 16 colors using part of its pseudo graphic characters set)
40x25; 160×200, 160×400, 320×200, 320×400, 640×200, 640×400, 1280×200 or 1280×400
4096
SP, SC, BL
All the Commodore 64, plus DMA blitter support & genlock.
Commodore 16, 116 and Plus/4
1984
TED
8K
40×25 16 colors
Full: 160×200 or 320×200 121 colors (semi: 80×50 16 colors using part of its pseudo graphic characters set)
40x25
1 (320 px) or 3 (160 px) foreground + 1 background out of 121
None
Some
IBM PCjr & Tandy 1000
1984
"Video Gate Array" + 6845 (PCjr) / Tandy proprietary chip
32K
40×25 or 80×25 16 colors
Full: 160×200, 320×200 4 or 16 colors or 640×200 2 or 4 colors ("semi": 160×100 16 colors)
40×25 or 80x25; 160×200, 320×200 or 640×200
LC
No
2 or 4 out of 16
IBM PS/1
1990
"VGA"
128K
Commonly 80×25, 40×25, 80×43 or 80×50 16 colors on 14" Monitor
Commonly 640×480, 640×400, 640×350 16 colors or 320×200 16 or 256 colors
Commonly 640×480, 640×400, 640×350 or 320×200
LC
Yes
16 or 256 colors out of a 262144 colors palette (6 bit per RGB channel)
SC
"Video tweaking"
· The list of home computers and their video capabilities › Systems using a Video Interface Controller › Other models › Without independent text mode(s)
Acorn Archimedes
Acorn Archimedes
System name
Acorn Archimedes
Year
1987
Chip name
VIDC1
Video RAM
480KB (from system RAM)
Video mode(s)
Text sized by software in Flexible Graphics, no more than 256 colors (e.g. 800×600 16cols)
color resolution
up to 1152x896
Font extras
LC
soft fonts
Yes
palette support
16 groups of 16 from 4096
HW accel
SP
Sprite details
S#= 1 SS= 32×n SC=3 SP=1
Acorn RiscPC
Acorn RiscPC
System name
Acorn RiscPC
Year
1994
Chip name
VIDC20
Video RAM
2MB, 1MB
Video mode(s)
Text sized by software in Flexible Graphics, up to 16M colors (e.g. 1600×1200 256cols)
color resolution
up to 1600x1200
Font extras
In ≤256 color modes
NEC PC-8801
NEC PC-8801
System name
NEC PC-8801
Year
1981
Chip name
SGP
Video RAM
48K
Video mode(s)
Full: 80×25 Text in 640×200 Graphics, 640×400 2 colors, 40×25 in 320×200 or 320×400 8 colors Semi: 160×100 8 colors
color resolution
160x100; 640×200, 640×400, 320×200 or 320×400
Font extras
LC, BG, SG
soft fonts
Yes
palette support
8 or 2 out of 512
HW accel
No
Sprite details
early highres support
VideoBrain
VideoBrain
System name
VideoBrain
Year
1978
Chip name
UV-201 & UV-202
Video RAM
168 bytes
Video mode(s)
384x336i Graphics 16 colors 16×7 Text in 128x56 Semigraphics 16 colors
color resolution
16×7, 384x336i
Font extras
SG
soft fonts
No
palette support
None
System name
Year
Chip name
Video RAM
Video mode(s)
color resolution
Font extras
soft fonts
palette support
HW accel
Sprite details
unique features
Acorn Archimedes
1987
VIDC1
480KB (from system RAM)
Text sized by software in Flexible Graphics, no more than 256 colors (e.g. 800×600 16cols)
up to 1152x896
LC
Yes
16 groups of 16 from 4096
SP
S#= 1 SS= 32×n SC=3 SP=1
Acorn RiscPC
1994
VIDC20
2MB, 1MB
Text sized by software in Flexible Graphics, up to 16M colors (e.g. 1600×1200 256cols)
up to 1600x1200
In ≤256 color modes
NEC PC-8801
1981
SGP
48K
Full: 80×25 Text in 640×200 Graphics, 640×400 2 colors, 40×25 in 320×200 or 320×400 8 colors Semi: 160×100 8 colors
160x100; 640×200, 640×400, 320×200 or 320×400
LC, BG, SG
Yes
8 or 2 out of 512
No
early highres support
VideoBrain
1978
UV-201 & UV-202
168 bytes
384x336i Graphics 16 colors 16×7 Text in 128x56 Semigraphics 16 colors
16×7, 384x336i
SG
No
None
· The list of home computers and their video capabilities › Systems using a video co-processor › With independent text mode(s)
Text
Text
System name
Text
Year
Graphics
Atari 8-bit computers
Atari 8-bit computers
System name
Atari 8-bit computers
Year
1979
rowspan="2" Chip name
ANTIC, CTIA/GTIA
Video RAM
18K+ of 64K
Video mode(s)
32/40/48×24 (30), 16/20/24x24 (30) or 16/20/24x12 (15) 2 (5) colors
Video mode(s)
32/40/48x24 (30), 64/80/96x48 (60), 64/80/96x96 (120), 128/160/192x96 (120), 128/160/192x192 (240) 2 or 4 colors, 256/320/384x192 (240) 2 colors, 64/80/96×192 (240) 9/16/8 or 16 colors
color resolution
32/40/48x24 (30), 64/80/96x48 (60), 64/80/96x96 (120), 128/160/192x96 (120), 128/160/192x192 (240), 64/80/96×192 (240)
Font extras
LC, BG, SG
soft fonts
Yes
palette support
16 out of 128 (with FGTIA or GTIA) or 256 (only with GTIA)
HW accel
SP, SC
Sprite details
S#=4+4 or 5 SS=8 + 2 or 5×256(max) SC=1 SP=4+4 or 5
unique features
Many, especially hardware support for a Light pen and the Display list. Possibly the most capable hardware of the early 80s considering it was designed in the 70s.
Coleco Adam, VTech CreatiVision, MSX1, Pencil 2, Memotech MTX, Sega SC-3000, Sord M5, SV-318 and SV-328, Tatung Einstein, TI-99/4, TI-99/4A, Tomy Tutor/Pyuuta
Coleco Adam, VTech CreatiVision, MSX1, Pencil 2, Memotech MTX, Sega SC-3000, Sord M5, SV-318 and SV-328, Tatung Einstein, TI-99/4, TI-99/4A, Tomy Tutor/Pyuuta
System name
Coleco Adam, VTech CreatiVision, MSX1, Pencil 2, Memotech MTX, Sega SC-3000, Sord M5, SV-318 and SV-328, Tatung Einstein, TI-99/4, TI-99/4A, Tomy Tutor/Pyuuta
Year
1979-1984
rowspan="2" Chip name
TMS9918A
Video RAM
16K
Video mode(s)
32×24 16 colors or 40×24 2 colors
Video mode(s)
Full: 256×192 16 colors Semi: 64×48 16 colors
color resolution
32x24, 32×192
Font extras
LC, (BG, SG)
soft fonts
Yes
palette support
None
HW accel
SP, TE
Sprite details
S#=32 SS=8×8, 16×16 SC=1 SP=4
unique features
The TMS9918 was designed for the TI-99/4, it has text characters of 8x8 (32 characters per line) or 8x6 pixels (40 characters per line), and features limited attribute clash colour limitations, it has 32 monochrome sprites of 8x8 or 16x16 pixels.
MSX2, MSX2+/TurboR
MSX2, MSX2+/TurboR
System name
MSX2, MSX2+/TurboR
Year
1986, 1988
rowspan="2" Chip name
Yamaha V9938, Yamaha V9958
Video RAM
64K, 128K, or 192K
Video mode(s)
32×24, 32×26.5 16 colors, 40×24, 40×26.5 2 colors, 80×24 or 80×26.5 4 colors
Video mode(s)
Full: 256×192p, 256×212p, 256×384i, 256×424i 4, 16 or 256; later also 12499 or 19268 colors, 512×192p, 512×212p, 512×384i, 512×424i 4 or 16 colors Semi: 64×48p, 64x53p, 64x96i or 64x106i 16 colors
color resolution
32×24, 40×24, 80×24, 32×26.5, 40×26.5 or 80×26.5; 32x192; 256×192p, 512×192p, 256×212p, 512×212p, 256×384i, 512×384i, 256×424i, 512×424i
Font extras
LC, BG, SG
soft fonts
Yes
palette support
2, 4 or 16 out of 512 colors
HW accel
SP, TE, SC, BL, DR
Sprite details
S#=32 SS=8×8, 16×16 SC=16 SP=8
unique features
Many unique features
P2000T
P2000T
System name
P2000T
Year
1980
rowspan="2" Chip name
SAA5243
Video RAM
960 Bytes
Video mode(s)
40×24 8 colors
Video mode(s)
Semi: 80×72 8 colors
color resolution
40×24
Font extras
LC, BG
soft fonts
No
palette support
None
Sprite details
unique features
One of the earliest systems with color Teletext graphics
System name
Year
rowspan="2" Chip name
Video RAM
Video mode(s)
color resolution
Font extras
soft fonts
palette support
HW accel
Sprite details
unique features
Text
Graphics
Atari 8-bit computers
1979
ANTIC, CTIA/GTIA
18K+ of 64K
32/40/48×24 (30), 16/20/24x24 (30) or 16/20/24x12 (15) 2 (5) colors
32/40/48x24 (30), 64/80/96x48 (60), 64/80/96x96 (120), 128/160/192x96 (120), 128/160/192x192 (240) 2 or 4 colors, 256/320/384x192 (240) 2 colors, 64/80/96×192 (240) 9/16/8 or 16 colors
32/40/48x24 (30), 64/80/96x48 (60), 64/80/96x96 (120), 128/160/192x96 (120), 128/160/192x192 (240), 64/80/96×192 (240)
LC, BG, SG
Yes
16 out of 128 (with FGTIA or GTIA) or 256 (only with GTIA)
SP, SC
S#=4+4 or 5 SS=8 + 2 or 5×256(max) SC=1 SP=4+4 or 5
Many, especially hardware support for a Light pen and the Display list. Possibly the most capable hardware of the early 80s considering it was designed in the 70s.
Coleco Adam, VTech CreatiVision, MSX1, Pencil 2, Memotech MTX, Sega SC-3000, Sord M5, SV-318 and SV-328, Tatung Einstein, TI-99/4, TI-99/4A, Tomy Tutor/Pyuuta
1979-1984
TMS9918A
16K
32×24 16 colors or 40×24 2 colors
Full: 256×192 16 colors Semi: 64×48 16 colors
32x24, 32×192
LC, (BG, SG)
Yes
None
SP, TE
S#=32 SS=8×8, 16×16 SC=1 SP=4
The TMS9918 was designed for the TI-99/4, it has text characters of 8x8 (32 characters per line) or 8x6 pixels (40 characters per line), and features limited attribute clash colour limitations, it has 32 monochrome sprites of 8x8 or 16x16 pixels.
MSX2, MSX2+/TurboR
1986, 1988
Yamaha V9938, Yamaha V9958
64K, 128K, or 192K
colors, 40×24, 40×26.5 2 colors, 80×24 or 80×26.5 4 colors
Full: 256×192p, 256×212p, 256×384i, 256×424i 4, 16 or 256; later also 12499 or 19268 colors, 512×192p, 512×212p, 512×384i, 512×424i 4 or 16 colors Semi: 64×48p, 64x53p, 64x96i or 64x106i 16 colors
32×24, 40×24, 80×24, 32×26.5, 40×26.5 or 80×26.5; 32x192; 256×192p, 512×192p, 256×212p, 512×212p, 256×384i, 512×384i, 256×424i, 512×424i
LC, BG, SG
Yes
2, 4 or 16 out of 512 colors
SP, TE, SC, BL, DR
S#=32 SS=8×8, 16×16 SC=16 SP=8
Many unique features
P2000T
1980
SAA5243
960 Bytes
40×24 8 colors
Semi: 80×72 8 colors
40×24
LC, BG
No
None
One of the earliest systems with color Teletext graphics
· The list of home computers and their video capabilities › Systems using a video co-processor › Without independent text mode(s)
FM-7
FM-7
System name
FM-7
Year
1982
Chip name
MC6809
Video RAM
48K, 96 or 144K in AV mode
Video mode(s)
40×25 or 40×20 Text in 320x200 Graphics 4096 colors for FM-77AV and AV20 or 262144 colors for FM-77AV40 or 80×25, 80×20 Text in 640x200 Graphics 8 colors
color resolution
320x200 or 640x200
Font extras
LC
soft fonts
Yes
palette support
None
HW accel
320x200x4096 colors for FM-77AV and AV20 or 262144 colors for FM-77AV40 and 640×200×8 colors without color limitations
Amiga (first generation)
Amiga (first generation)
System name
Amiga (first generation)
Year
1985
Chip name
Agnus and Denise
Video RAM
1M "Chip RAM"
Video mode(s)
Any Text size up to 80×32 (80x64 in interlaced mode) in 320×200p, 640×200p, 320×400i or 640×400i Graphics 2 to 64 colors and 4096 colors
color resolution
320×200p, 640×200p, 320×400i or 640×400i
Font extras
LC
soft fonts
Yes
palette support
2 to 32 colors out of 4096 colors
HW accel
BL, SP, SC, DR
Sprite details
S#=8 SS=16 wide, arbitrary height SC=3 or 15 SP= 8
unique features
Many unique features
Amiga (second generation)
Amiga (second generation)
System name
Amiga (second generation)
Year
1990
Chip name
Super-Agnus and Hires Denise
Video RAM
1M or 2M "Chip RAM"
Video mode(s)
Any Text size up to 160×32 (160x64 in interlaced mode) in NTSC Graphics: 320×200, 640×200, 320×400, 640×400 2 to 64 colors and 4096 colors, 1280×200p or 1280x400i 4 colors PAL Graphics: 320x256, 640x256, 320x512, 640x512 2 to 64 colors and 4096 colors, 1280×256p or 1280x512i 4 colors
color resolution
NTSC: 320×200, 640×200, 320×400, 640×400, 1280×200p or 1280x400i PAL: 320x256, 640x256, 320x512, 640x512, 1280×256p or 1280x512i
Font extras
even more unique features
Amiga (Third generation)
Amiga (Third generation)
System name
Amiga (Third generation)
Year
1992
Chip name
Advanced Graphics Architecture (AGA)
Video RAM
2M "Chip RAM"
Video mode(s)
Any Text size up to 160×32 (160x64 in interlaced mode, 100x75 in Super72 mode) in NTSC: 320×200 .. 1280×400 Graphics 2 to 256, 4096 to 262144 colors PAL: 320×256 .. 1280×512 Graphics 2 to 256, 4096 to 262144 colors VGA: 640×480 2 to 256, 4096 to 262144 colors Super72: 400×300 .. 800×600 (interlaced) Graphics 2 to 256, 4096 to 262144 colors
color resolution
NTSC: 320×200 .. 1280×400 PAL: 320×256 .. 1280×512 VGA: 640×480 Super72: 400×300 .. 800×600 (interlaced)
Font extras
2 to 256 colors out of 16,777,216 colors
soft fonts
S#=8 SS=64 wide, arbitrary height SC=2 or 15 SP=8
palette support
still more unique features
Atari Falcon
Atari Falcon
System name
Atari Falcon
Year
1992
Chip name
VIDEL, COMBEL (Blitter)
Video RAM
1 to 14M "Chip RAM"
Video mode(s)
Any Text size up to 160×32 in CRT: 320×200 to 1600×608 Graphics 2,4,16,256 colors (indexed), 32768 colors (+overlay), 65536 colors (Hi-Color) VGA: 640×480 or 800×608 Graphics 2,4,16,256 colors (indexed), 32768 colors (+overlay), 65536 colors (Hi-Color)
color resolution
CRT: 320×200 to 1600×608 VGA: 640×480 or 800×608
Font extras
2 to 65536 colors out of 262,144 colors
soft fonts
BL
palette support
HW accel
scan doubler
System name
Year
Chip name
Video RAM
Video mode(s)
color resolution
Font extras
soft fonts
palette support
HW accel
Sprite details
unique features
FM-7
1982
MC6809
48K, 96 or 144K in AV mode
40×25 or 40×20 Text in 320x200 Graphics 4096 colors for FM-77AV and AV20 or 262144 colors for FM-77AV40 or 80×25, 80×20 Text in 640x200 Graphics 8 colors
320x200 or 640x200
LC
Yes
None
320x200x4096 colors for FM-77AV and AV20 or 262144 colors for FM-77AV40 and 640×200×8 colors without color limitations
Amiga (first generation)
1985
Agnus and Denise
1M "Chip RAM"
Any Text size up to 80×32 (80x64 in interlaced mode) in 320×200p, 640×200p, 320×400i or 640×400i Graphics 2 to 64 colors and 4096 colors
320×200p, 640×200p, 320×400i or 640×400i
LC
Yes
2 to 32 colors out of 4096 colors
BL, SP, SC, DR
S#=8 SS=16 wide, arbitrary height SC=3 or 15 SP= 8
Many unique features
Amiga (second generation)
1990
Super-Agnus and Hires Denise
1M or 2M "Chip RAM"
Any Text size up to 160×32 (160x64 in interlaced mode) in NTSC Graphics: 320×200, 640×200, 320×400, 640×400 2 to 64 colors and 4096 colors, 1280×200p or 1280x400i 4 colors PAL Graphics: 320x256, 640x256, 320x512, 640x512 2 to 64 colors and 4096 colors, 1280×256p or 1280x512i 4 colors
NTSC: 320×200, 640×200, 320×400, 640×400, 1280×200p or 1280x400i PAL: 320x256, 640x256, 320x512, 640x512, 1280×256p or 1280x512i
even more unique features
Amiga (Third generation)
1992
Advanced Graphics Architecture (AGA)
2M "Chip RAM"
Any Text size up to 160×32 (160x64 in interlaced mode, 100x75 in Super72 mode) in NTSC: 320×200 .. 1280×400 Graphics 2 to 256, 4096 to 262144 colors PAL: 320×256 .. 1280×512 Graphics 2 to 256, 4096 to 262144 colors VGA: 640×480 2 to 256, 4096 to 262144 colors Super72: 400×300 .. 800×600 (interlaced) Graphics 2 to 256, 4096 to 262144 colors
NTSC: 320×200 .. 1280×400 PAL: 320×256 .. 1280×512 VGA: 640×480 Super72: 400×300 .. 800×600 (interlaced)
2 to 256 colors out of 16,777,216 colors
S#=8 SS=64 wide, arbitrary height SC=2 or 15 SP=8
still more unique features
Atari Falcon
1992
VIDEL, COMBEL (Blitter)
1 to 14M "Chip RAM"
Any Text size up to 160×32 in CRT: 320×200 to 1600×608 Graphics 2,4,16,256 colors (indexed), 32768 colors (+overlay), 65536 colors (Hi-Color) VGA: 640×480 or 800×608 Graphics 2,4,16,256 colors (indexed), 32768 colors (+overlay), 65536 colors (Hi-Color)
CRT: 320×200 to 1600×608 VGA: 640×480 or 800×608
2 to 65536 colors out of 262,144 colors
BL
scan doubler
· The list of home computers and their video capabilities › Systems that fall into multiple classifications
Text
Text
System name
Text
Year
Graphics
Acorn Eurocard systems
Acorn Eurocard systems
System name
Acorn Eurocard systems
Year
1980
Chip name
MC6845 + SAA5050
Video RAM
1K
Video mode(s)
40×25 8 colors
Video mode(s)
Semi: 80×75 8 colors
color resolution
40x25
Font extras
LC, BG
soft fonts
No
palette support
None
Commodore CBM-II Series
Commodore CBM-II Series
System name
Commodore CBM-II Series
Year
1982
Chip name
MC6845/VIC-II
Video RAM
2000 Bytes with CRTC, 16K with video interface controller
Video mode(s)
80×25 Mono on 12" Mono monitor with CRTC or 40x25 16 colors with video interface controller
Video mode(s)
Full: limited 640×200 Mono with CRTC or 160x200 or 320x200 16 colors with video interface controller Semi: 160×50 Mono with CRTC (or 80×50 16 colors with video interface controller) using part of its pseudo graphic characters set
color resolution
(80×25 with CRTC) or 40x25 with video interface controller
Font extras
LC with video interface controller, BG, SG
soft fonts
1 (320 px) or 3 (160 px) foreground + 1 background out of 16 with video interface controller
palette support
SP, SC with video interface controller
HW accel
S#= 8 SS= 24×21, 12×21 SC=1 SP=8 with video interface controller
Commodore 128
Commodore 128
System name
Commodore 128
Year
1985
Chip name
VIC-IIE (40 column mode), VDC (80 column mode)
Video RAM
16K+16K (128) or 64K (128D) dedicated to VDC
Video mode(s)
40×25, 80×25 or 80×50 16 colors
Video mode(s)
Full: 160×200 or 320×200 (40 column mode), 640×200 or 640×400 (80 column mode) 16 colors (semi: 80×50, 160x50 or 160x100 16 colors using part of its pseudo graphic characters set)
color resolution
40x25 (40 column mode), 640x200 or 640x400 (80 column mode)
Font extras
1 (320 px) or 3 (160 px) foreground + 1 background out of 16 (40 column mode)
soft fonts
SP, SC (40 column mode); BL (80 column mode)
palette support
S#= 8 SS= 24×21, 12×21 SC=1 SP=8 (40 column mode)
Sprite details
Uses two different video circuits
Amstrad CPC
Amstrad CPC
System name
Amstrad CPC
Year
1984, 1990
Chip name
MC6845+ASIC
Video RAM
16K
Video mode(s)
20×25 16 colors, 40×25 4 colors or 80×25 2 colors
Video mode(s)
160×200 16 colors, 320×200 4 colors or 640×200 2 colors
color resolution
160×200, 320×200 or 640×200
Font extras
LC
soft fonts
Yes
palette support
17 of 27 (original), 32 of 4096 (Plus)
HW accel
SC, SP (Plus)
Sprite details
S#=16 SS=16×16 SC=1 SP=16 (Plus)
unique features
3-level RGB (original), screen control (Plus)
BBC Micro
BBC Micro
System name
BBC Micro
Year
1981
Chip name
MC6845+SAA5050
Video RAM
20K (max)
Video mode(s)
80×32 or 80×25 2 colors, 40×32 2 or 4 colors, 40×25 2, 4 or 8 colors, 20×32 4 or 8 colors
Video mode(s)
Full: 640×256, 640×200 2 colors, 320×256, 320×200 2 or 4 colors or 160×256 4 or 8 colors Semi: 80×75 8 colors
color resolution
640×256, 320×256, 160×256, 640×200 or 320×200; 40x25
Font extras
LC, BG
soft fonts
No
palette support
16
HW accel
None
Sprite details
Teletext mode, shadow RAM support
NEC PC-6001 MKII
NEC PC-6001 MKII
System name
NEC PC-6001 MKII
Year
1983, 1984
Chip name
MC6845+M5C6847P-1
Video RAM
50K
Video mode(s)
32×16 or 40x20; later also 40x25, 80x20 or 80x25 9 or 16 colors
Video mode(s)
Full: 64×64 4 or 16 colors, 128×64, 128×96, 128×192 2, 4 or 16 colors, 256×128, 256×192 2 or 16 colors, 160x200, 320x200 4 or 16 colors; later also 640x200 4 colors Semi: 64x32 9 or 16 colors or 64x48 4, 9 or 16 colors or 80x40 16 colors; later also 80x50, 160x40, 160x50 16 colors
color resolution
64×64, 128×64, 128×96, 128×192, 256×128, 256×192, 160x200, 320x200; later also 640x200: 32×16 or 40x20; later also 40x25, 80x20 or 80x25
Font extras
2 or 4 of 16
soft fonts
Polycorp Poly-1
Polycorp Poly-1
System name
Polycorp Poly-1
Year
1980
Chip name
2 x SAA5050 + SAA5020 + discrete logic
Video RAM
48K
Video mode(s)
40×24, 80x20 8 colors
Video mode(s)
Full: 240x204 or 480x204 8 colors Semi: 80×72 8 colors
color resolution
240x204 or 480x204, 40×24
Font extras
None
soft fonts
Also used three Teletext chips designed for TV's.|
Sharp X68000
Sharp X68000
System name
Sharp X68000
Year
1987
Chip name
VINAS 1 + 2, VSOP, CYNTHIA / Jr, RESERVE
Video RAM
1056K
Video mode(s)
from 16×16 to 128×128 256 colors
Video mode(s)
from 256×256 to 1024×1024 256 colors
color resolution
from 256×256 to 1024×1024
Font extras
LC
soft fonts
Yes
palette support
65,536 Palette
HW accel
SP
Sprite details
S#=128 SS=16×16 SC=16 SP=32
unique features
special hardware options
System name
Year
Chip name
Video RAM
Video mode(s)
color resolution
Font extras
soft fonts
palette support
HW accel
Sprite details
unique features
Text
Graphics
Acorn Eurocard systems
1980
MC6845 + SAA5050
1K
40×25 8 colors
Semi: 80×75 8 colors
40x25
LC, BG
No
None
Commodore CBM-II Series
1982
MC6845/VIC-II
2000 Bytes with CRTC, 16K with video interface controller
80×25 Mono on 12" Mono monitor with CRTC or 40x25 16 colors with video interface controller
Full: limited 640×200 Mono with CRTC or 160x200 or 320x200 16 colors with video interface controller Semi: 160×50 Mono with CRTC (or 80×50 16 colors with video interface controller) using part of its pseudo graphic characters set
(80×25 with CRTC) or 40x25 with video interface controller
LC with video interface controller, BG, SG
1 (320 px) or 3 (160 px) foreground + 1 background out of 16 with video interface controller
SP, SC with video interface controller
S#= 8 SS= 24×21, 12×21 SC=1 SP=8 with video interface controller
Commodore 128
1985
VIC-IIE (40 column mode), VDC (80 column mode)
16K+16K (128) or 64K (128D) dedicated to VDC
40×25, 80×25 or 80×50 16 colors
Full: 160×200 or 320×200 (40 column mode), 640×200 or 640×400 (80 column mode) 16 colors (semi: 80×50, 160x50 or 160x100 16 colors using part of its pseudo graphic characters set)
40x25 (40 column mode), 640x200 or 640x400 (80 column mode)
1 (320 px) or 3 (160 px) foreground + 1 background out of 16 (40 column mode)
SP, SC (40 column mode); BL (80 column mode)
S#= 8 SS= 24×21, 12×21 SC=1 SP=8 (40 column mode)
Uses two different video circuits
Amstrad CPC
1984, 1990
MC6845+ASIC
16K
20×25 16 colors, 40×25 4 colors or 80×25 2 colors
160×200 16 colors, 320×200 4 colors or 640×200 2 colors
160×200, 320×200 or 640×200
LC
Yes
17 of 27 (original), 32 of 4096 (Plus)
SC, SP (Plus)
S#=16 SS=16×16 SC=1 SP=16 (Plus)
3-level RGB (original), screen control (Plus)
BBC Micro
1981
MC6845+SAA5050
20K (max)
80×32 or 80×25 2 colors, 40×32 2 or 4 colors, 40×25 2, 4 or 8 colors, 20×32 4 or 8 colors
Full: 640×256, 640×200 2 colors, 320×256, 320×200 2 or 4 colors or 160×256 4 or 8 colors Semi: 80×75 8 colors
640×256, 320×256, 160×256, 640×200 or 320×200; 40x25
LC, BG
No
16
None
Teletext mode, shadow RAM support
NEC PC-6001 MKII
1983, 1984
MC6845+M5C6847P-1
50K
32×16 or 40x20; later also 40x25, 80x20 or 80x25 9 or 16 colors
Full: 64×64 4 or 16 colors, 128×64, 128×96, 128×192 2, 4 or 16 colors, 256×128, 256×192 2 or 16 colors, 160x200, 320x200 4 or 16 colors; later also 640x200 4 colors Semi: 64x32 9 or 16 colors or 64x48 4, 9 or 16 colors or 80x40 16 colors; later also 80x50, 160x40, 160x50 16 colors
64×64, 128×64, 128×96, 128×192, 256×128, 256×192, 160x200, 320x200; later also 640x200: 32×16 or 40x20; later also 40x25, 80x20 or 80x25
2 or 4 of 16
Polycorp Poly-1
1980
2 x SAA5050 + SAA5020 + discrete logic
48K
40×24, 80x20 8 colors
Full: 240x204 or 480x204 8 colors Semi: 80×72 8 colors
240x204 or 480x204, 40×24
None
Also used three Teletext chips designed for TV's.|
Sharp X68000
1987
VINAS 1 + 2, VSOP, CYNTHIA / Jr, RESERVE
1056K
from 16×16 to 128×128 256 colors
from 256×256 to 1024×1024 256 colors
from 256×256 to 1024×1024
LC
Yes
65,536 Palette
SP
S#=128 SS=16×16 SC=16 SP=32
special hardware options
· The list of home computers and their video capabilities › Systems that could not be classified
Text
Text
System name
Text
Year
Graphics
Agat series
Agat series
System name
Agat series
Year
1983
Chip name
Unknown
Video RAM
8 KB
Video mode(s)
32×32 16 colors
Video mode(s)
64x64 16 colors, 128x128 8 colors or 256×256 2 colors
color resolution
64x64, 128x128 or 256×256
Font extras
LC
soft fonts
Unknown
palette support
n out of 16
Orao
Orao
System name
Orao
Year
1984
Chip name
up to 24 KB
Video RAM
32×32 up to 8 Gray levels
Video mode(s)
Full: 256×256 up to 8 Gray levels Semi: 64x96 up to 8 Gray levels
Video mode(s)
32x32, 256x256
color resolution
Yes
Vector-06C
Vector-06C
System name
Vector-06C
Year
1987
Chip name
32 KB
Video RAM
32×32 2 or 16 colors or 64x32 2 or 4 colors
Video mode(s)
256×256 2 or 16 colors or 512x256 2 or 4 colors
Video mode(s)
256×256 or 512x256
color resolution
Unknown
Font extras
256
System name
Year
Chip name
Video RAM
Video mode(s)
color resolution
Font extras
soft fonts
palette support
Text
Graphics
Agat series
1983
Unknown
8 KB
32×32 16 colors
64x64 16 colors, 128x128 8 colors or 256×256 2 colors
64x64, 128x128 or 256×256
LC
Unknown
n out of 16
Orao
1984
up to 24 KB
32×32 up to 8 Gray levels
Full: 256×256 up to 8 Gray levels Semi: 64x96 up to 8 Gray levels
32x32, 256x256
Yes
Vector-06C
1987
32 KB
32×32 2 or 16 colors or 64x32 2 or 4 colors
256×256 2 or 16 colors or 512x256 2 or 4 colors
256×256 or 512x256
Unknown
256

References

  1. Relationship to KC85/1 in name only. The KC85/2 and KC85/3 were very similar overall, the only difference being more ROM
  2. white, black, red, cyan
  3. History of the C64 as gaming platform
    https://web.archive.org/web/20071026113541/http://www.gamasutra.com/view/feature/1991/a_history_of_gaming_platforms_the_.php?print=1
  4. Some of the graphics capabilities of the 1982 VIC-II chip, designed at a time that other systems could only generate muc
    http://www.studiostyle.sk/dmagic/gallery/gfxmodes.htm
  5. Actually the real figure is more complex, it's 6144 bits of which 5760 bits were actually used. This is so because the v
  6. the six bits per character location were only enough to address 64 characters, A Signetics 2513 character generator ROM
  7. The Datapoint used shift registers for its video RAM and used the power line frequency timing (50 or 60 cycles per secon
  8. "oldcomputers.com entry tells us that the Mupid was developed between 1981 and 1983"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20101121052732/http://www.old-computers.com/museum/computer.asp?st=1&c=1112
  9. 2K 32 bits woorden per karakter, zie
    http://much.iicm.edu/projects/mupid_1/12.htm/
  10. user generated graphic symbols lie at the heart of the Mupid's graphics capabilities
  11. TU Graz page about how the Mupid came to be
    http://www.austria-lexikon.at/af/Wissenssammlungen/Essays/Institutionen,_Bildung,_Kultur/Informatik_TU_Graz_2007
  12. The SOL-20 used the Motorola 6574 character generator ROM as a basis
  13. the first 32 characters in the Motorola character generator ROM contained special pseudo graphics characters, mostly lin
  14. even earlier than the SOL-20 were the many early S100 bus based systems one could also insert a video card into, some we
  15. according to user's manual
  16. There is no real video RAM, as the display is mostly built up using software, for purposes other than the character gene
  17. Common hacked Galaksija 1 firmware allows character definitions to be switched out line by line like the MC6883 does; co
  18. Using 2×3 text semigraphics characters, like the TRS-80 on an 8×13 pixels per character matrix this means that one of th
  19. the default Character generator EEPROM did not support lowercase
  20. due to a special software trick the Galaksija could do smooth scrolling
  21. The OSI Superboard II was also famous for being the first system for which Microsoft BASIC in ROM was available
  22. Virtual clone of Ohio Scientific Superboard II computer with an improved text mode, as the original used a less useful 3
  23. 1.5K with color RAM slot populated
  24. Presumably the Compukit UK101 could access this mode
  25. alternating used and unused lines of a 64x32 matrix
  26. selectable by a poke to the keyboard register
  27. actually only an area of 24×24 or 48x15 (alternating used and unused lines of a 48x30 matrix) visible, the area outside
  28. actually only an area of 192x192 or 384x120 visible, the area outside that wasn't normally visible on a TV, and therefor
  29. actually only an area of 48X72 or 96x45 visible, the area outside that wasn't normally visible on a TV, and therefore no
  30. Ferranti ULA 2C184E / 2C210E integrates the video logic of the ZX80 into one circuit
  31. In fact unlike any other system (except the ZX81) the ZX80 used a flexible "display buffer", that contained no more than
  32. because the display was completely under software control some very ingenious games managed to generate a true "high res
  33. Using the eight text semigraphics characters, plus the "inverse video" option, it was possible to display a very coarse
  34. slow mode meant that BASIC programs only could generate a display or do computing work, not both at the same time while
  35. More info: https://hc-ddr.hucki.net/wiki/doku.php/homecomputer/bcs3
    https://hc-ddr.hucki.net/wiki/doku.php/homecomputer/bcs3
  36. With 2.5Mhz CPU clock e
  37. With 3.5Mhz CPU clock e
  38. Video generation method similar to ZX80, 2.5Mhz or 3.5Mhz CPU clock variants, timing generation using Z80 CTC circuit,
  39. Using 2×3 Videotex block graphics (text semigraphics)
  40. Somewhat like the Sinclair Spectrum with its "parallel attributes" the serial attributes of the Oric could, using an amo
    http://oric.ifrance.com/oric/index_english.html
  41. And the plethora of its clones, see List of Apple II clones
  42. The Apple II has a 1K text buffer for the 40×24 text mode or the 40×48 low-resolution graphics mode, and an 8K frame buf
  43. in a 5×7 dot matrix with one pixel on either side of characters and a one-dot high space between each line.
  44. There are six colors available in the High-Resolution Graphics mode: black, white, orange, blue, green and violet. Each
  45. The Apple only displayed 7 pixels of each byte of the frame buffer, the eighth one was used to determine which color com
  46. exchanging the character set for blocks of 1x2 pixels
  47. each byte of text-mode RAM was divided in two nibbles. The "lower" nibble determined the color of the top block, the upp
  48. half the pixel resolution
  49. Characters could also be inverted or blinking, The arrangement was not completely ASCII compatible! Characters from 00H
  50. In high or low-resolution graphics mode the Apple could replace the bottom 32 display lines with a four-line text "capti
  51. With clever programming the actual resolution of the screen of 512×240 could be put to good use. Per default, the firmwa
  52. Limited "graphics" modes were possible by programming the 128 (8×8 pixel) programmable characters, one way is to dedicat
  53. 128 permanent characters, and 128 free definable (8×8 pixel) characters
  54. The Ferguson Big Board was notorious for being a variant of the microprocessor board for the much-maligned Xerox 820 off
  55. A descendant of this computer, the Xerox 8/16, supported 640x256 graphics
  56. 320x96 semigraphics on the Xerox 820-II
  57. the Xerox 820-II was a variant of this computer which also supported semigraphics
  58. derived from Videotext mode feature
  59. 1984 model
  60. for 128x32 display memory
  61. Window on display memory
  62. 2K VRAM + 2K Character RAM according to old-computers.com [2] Archived 2010-11-22 at the Wayback Machine. and according
    http://www.old-computers.com/MUSEUM/computer.asp?c=553
  63. 8×8 pixel characters
  64. For each character position there was an attribute byte (from C500 to C7FF in memory, see [4](translate with Babelfish))
    http://www.asamomiji.jp/kemusiro/index.php?JR-100$A5$A8$A5$DF$A5$E5$A5$EC$A1$BC$A5$BF
  65. Not point addressable, but through the 8×8 pixel programmable character set
  66. 64×48 by using one of the 16 available characters with a 4×4 pixel (quarter character) text semigraphics pattern
  67. 1K for fonts, (128 8×8 characters) and 1K for character data (768 bytes)
  68. 64×48 using TRS-80 style text semigraphics
  69. for basic system, the Hires expansion board had its own 16K Video RAM
  70. 2, 4 or 16 tints with Hires expansion board; grayscale with monochrome monitor and composite interface only, color with
  71. Code table 1 contained 16 text semigraphics characters with all combinations of a 2×2 matrix of blocks on and off to use
  72. The MZ-80 K had very poor graphics capabilities, but the large sets of well-chosen pseudo graphic characters made it pos
  73. Only seven bits of each byte are defined
  74. The 85/1 and 87 also offer semigraphics, but this mode uses a higher 40x24 resolution
  75. Some of its many clones used CRTCs
  76. Actually there were only seven 1024×1 bit RAMs used in the Model I to store the seven bits per character, but there was
  77. actually exists in the Model I character set, but Model I needs an eighth chip (which BASIC needs to be disabled) to dis
  78. each character mapped to a matrix of 2×3 pixels to generate a "semi-high resolution mode". No Video RAM arbitration logi
  79. In theory it was possible to draw block graphics on the real high-resolution screen, but it was mostly pointless to do t
  80. 16 colors or shades of green
  81. The framebuffer was built out of discrete logic, but a PAL generated the video timing signals
  82. basically the VDU was built using discrete logic, but a Ferranti ZNA134 was used to generate the video timing pulses
  83. Depending on the resolution 715/1430 bytes, 2860/5720 bytes, 11440/22880 bytes or 15840/31680 bytes of RAM was used
  84. blocky versions of the high resolution graphics mode
  85. The ZNA134 actually generated the correct video timing pulses for lines of 66 characters but the VDU generally would not
  86. In 4 color mode the logical palette per line was limited to one foreground and one background color, and in 16 color mod
  87. Calculated as 288×256 pixels/8 = 9216 bytes for pixel data and 384 bytes for grayscale data (2 bits per pixel) for each
  88. assuming 6×8 pixels per character, details are unclear
  89. soft fonts as characters are drawn only in a graphics mode screen, no text mode hardware exists
  90. Most likely at least 16 to maintain backward compatibility
  91. Part of regular RAM and size depending on graphic resolution
  92. 64 × 32 when using .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- 1⁄4K of RAM, 64 × 64 when using 1⁄2K of RAM, 64 × 128 with 1K of RAM
  93. in practice text was often drawn in the low resolution graphics mode, especially when using the CHIP-8 programming syste
  94. With the CDP 1862 also on board either computer could display 8 colors per pixel on a background that could be chosen fr
  95. 64 × 48 when using 384 Bytes of RAM, 64x96 when using 768 Bytes of RAM, 64 × 192 with 1.5K of RAM
  96. With the CDP 1862 also on board any of these could display 8 colors per pixel on a background that could be chosen from
  97. The Apple IIe used two ASICs (the MMU and IOU) to replace most of the discrete logic of the Apple II. All comments for t
  98. And Apple IIc Plus, which has identical graphics capabilities
  99. has all the capabilities of the Apple IIe, and an improved character set
  100. Most of the discrete logic of earlier Apple IIs has reimplemented in two ASICs: a memory-management unit (MMU) and an in
  101. The Apple IIe used 1K of auxiliary-slot RAM for the 80-column text mode and 8K of auxiliary-slot RAM for Double Hi-Res.
  102. effectively the color resolution was only 140×192, due to pixel placement restriction
  103. using the "resolution doubler" originally developed for the double low resolution mode uses the second bank of high reso
  104. double low resolution mode, using the extra 1K text mode
  105. The Apple IIc now used a small part of the character set to display special "mouse graphics" symbols, and the character
  106. The Apple IIe used a hardware character generator, but could not mix text and graphics except by displaying four lines o
  107. Video Graphics Chip
  108. using almost half of the system's 4 KB, resulting in only 1.7 KB for (BASIC) programs
  109. 16 foreground, and 16 background colors per character
  110. using TRS-80 like 2×3 Text semigraphics characters, available in the font
  111. Soft logic implementation of MC6847 plus higher color and higher resolution graphics modes
  112. For real 256 color mode, in theory displays artifacts on composite connection
  113. GIME-processed modes use 8x9 or 8x12 character cells
  114. 8 foreground + 8 background
  115. 9 for legacy 32x16 mode
  116. Only intermediate modes available in hardware are 200 lines and glitchy 210 lines where GIME continues processing the la
  117. The characterset includes 8 (one set for each color) ×16 characters with a 2×2 pixel matrix, with this a mixed text and
  118. Another semigraphics mode, like the 64×32 mode, but exchanging a more limited number of colors for a somewhat higher res
  119. palette of 512 colors
  120. The series of Soviet home computers based on PDP-11 architecture
  121. The K1801VP1-037 with 600 logic elements
  122. It was one of the biggest problems of BK, which wasn't corrected even in updated -0011 model that had 128 KB of memory,
  123. BK-0011 only. VDC lacked hardware text modes, so they were simulated in software by BIOS routines. The -0011 model had a
  124. 16 hardwired 4-color sets selectable from a 64-color palette
  125. BK's VDC was rather primitive and lacked most advanced features except hardware scrolling (implemented through software-
  126. and Enterprise 128, which is the same machine, only with more memory, also known as DPC, Samurai, Oscar, Elan and Flan
  127. In "LORES" mode using half as much memory, the horizontal resolution is halved, while the number of colors remain the sa
  128. In any mode except 256 color mode, it was possible to choose the colors for the restricted set out of the 256 available
  129. The Enterprise's "Nick" chip could be programmed to do more than the built-in software supported, so the mentioned resol
  130. and Oric Atmos, which is the same system, only with a better keyboard and improved ROM. The STRATOS / IQ 164 was almost
  131. When in text mode it reads 40 bytes in memory to display a 240-pixel line, that is it uses six bits per byte, six bits a
  132. Oric also had a programmable character set
  133. through a programmable character set
  134. Unnamed FPGA-based VLSI, further details unknown
  135. Made by VLSI Technology, no nickname known, contents designed by Bruce Gordon
  136. 6 ¾, 12 or 24K
  137. 2-2-2-1 bit RGBI
  138. Ferranti 6C001E ULA
  139. Eight colors, but with two brightness levels, however the "color" black is repeated twice (it was the same with each bri
  140. The Sinclair Spectrum high-resolution screen has serious color limitations. Each 8×8 pixel block can have only one set o
  141. Timex's own CPLD called an "SCLD", made by NCR Corporation for Sinclair, Type "TS 2068 PAL" in a 68-pin QFP
  142. The Copper is a simple programmed system which allows certain Next Registers to be altered automatically at certain scan
  143. This is how the QL physically simulated up to 256 colors, but an RF connection did not copy this effect to a TV reliably
  144. In 256×256 (eight-color mode), the QL uses one nibble (four bits) per pixel, three bits are used for the color itself, l
  145. 8000 bytes for pixels; 6000 bytes for color attributes, either 7000 or 8000 bytes for TO7-70
  146. The TO7 used a complex system with color restrictions, Each line is split into 40 spans of 8 pixels and each span can on
  147. Depending on the boot floppy used, the Aster reconfigured its internal memory map for use as a TRS-80 compatible machine
  148. 160×75 only in the CP/M compatible mode
  149. 80x75 only when booted with a special Videotex terminal emulator program
  150. in TRS-80 as well as in CP/M mode the Aster could switch to a display mode where it would only display the odd display m
  151. Actually, the Aster could display the TRS-80 graphics in black (pixel off), white (pixel on) and one grayscale halfway i
  152. although the original TRS-80 Model 1 did not support lowercase the Aster did. It also supported a second copy of the 2×3
  153. The Aster system could switch "on the fly" between two completely different system architectures, and also switched its
  154. Part of the character-set was programmable
  155. 2K "screen" RAM, 2K of PCG RAM for 128 8×16 characters
  156. Later models up to 56K (8K each screen + "attribute" + color + 32K PCG
  157. Later models also 80×25
  158. Later models 16, 27 and more? but only 2 per character cell
  159. Later models also 26 (limited) full graphics modes from 640x200 to 640x400 in steps of 8 lines and full graphics modes u
  160. Later models also 160×75
  161. using the usual TRS-80 semi-graphics trick by programming the font RAM with the needed 2×3 pattern
  162. VRAM 32 KB + 2 KB Character RAM, 2K attribute RAM and 2K Programmable font (PCG) RAM
  163. G version had a NTSC genlocker, and P version a PAL genlocker
  164. Or less when one or more "display pages" were turned off. The Lynx used a display page for each of the three primary col
  165. The Lynx used a trick, the natural resolution of 256 pixels would have called for a display of only 32×24, but by only u
  166. Colour Genie used 4080 bytes of video RAM when displaying 160×102 graphics in 4 colors and could use "page flipping" to
  167. or 40×25 with a ROM upgrade
  168. or 320×200 with a ROM upgrade
  169. White, Red, Yellow, Orange. brown, cyan, magenta, light blue, grey, light yellow, violet, light grey, red-violet, bright
  170. or 160×102 with upgraded ROMs
  171. or 80×75 with a ROM upgrade
  172. 128 8×8 pixel programmable characters, plus 128 semi graphic characters in two sets.
  173. There is some confusion here, according to some sources, the programmable character generator (PCG) of the X1 used four
  174. Not accessed through the memory map, but through the Z80's special instructions to access the "I/O map"
  175. Turbo series used bank switching to store pixel data for 640x400 resolution and probably 12-bit color
  176. It is not obvious whether this is an All Points Addressable mode, or that these are in fact text modes that used the Pro
  177. It is not obvious how many unique programmable characters the X1 had, only that they were programmable on a per-pixel ba
  178. Turbo series also 80x50 in 640x400
  179. not sure about this either
  180. in a way the PGC is a kind of sprite system
  181. The X1 had a programmable character generator that allowed per-pixel programming with 3 or 4-bit per pixel data. This me
  182. 2K for characters; 2K for attributes, which is 3 bits for the foreground, and 3 bits for background color, one bit for b
  183. Most probably just a tweaked semigraphics mode dividing the text screen's characters into a 2x4 (single height) or 2x8 (
  184. 1K Video ram and 2K character RAM for 128 programmable characters (6×8 Bytes NTSC or 6×9 Bytes PAL, RAM was available fo
  185. In Assembler the width and/or height of the characters could be doubled, so 20×24, 40×12, and 20×12 was also possible
  186. Using a programmable font (with 128 characters 6 pixels wide and 9 pixels high) that meant that not each pixel of the th
  187. One way to create a real high-res mode was to program the character set by dividing the 6x8 or 6×9 pixels of the charact
  188. By using the max character size of 6×16, double-height and double-width a resolution of 120×96 was possible using 120 ch
  189. Except by reprogramming the 64 character set, But BASIC used uppercase only
  190. Like the MZ-80K but with color added, and without a built in CRT
  191. VHiMZ60719GSO Sharp's own custom VLSI
  192. 1000 bytes for (40×25) characters, and another 1000 Bytes for color data
  193. 160×200 with an expansion option
  194. Most probably the PC-8001 used a pseudo graphics mode based on the 80×25 text screen with a 2×4 (2x8 with expansion) pse
  195. 1K Video RAM and 2K character ROM
  196. Le wiki d'Alice
    https://alice.system-cfg.com/hardware.php
  197. The Matra Alice 90 featured video-in, so EF9345 graphics could be overlaid onto the input video
  198. European TVs of the time generally would not resolve the colors produced by the 6847 because they had no way to synchron
  199. Cite error: The named reference 64×32 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  200. Cite error: The named reference 64×48 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  201. Unique Graphics modes
  202. The Rabbit 83 is probably a copy of the Belgian GEM 1000, and was also brought out, with more memory, as the Brazilian M
  203. The VTech Laser 200 was also called the "Salora Fellow" (mainly in Scandinavia, particularly Finland), the "Texet TX8000
  204. MC-1000 two years after the other two
  205. Two intensity levels of block graphic characters
  206. There were three models, but the video display capabilities of the first two models differed only slightly
  207. Some later models of the CoCo model 2 used the MC6847T1.
  208. This semigraphics mode technically exists, but the BASIC cannot access it
  209. Later models that used the MC6847T1 did support lower case
  210. or 'Video interface controller', Pertaining to the MOS technology 6560 (NTSC version) and the 6561 (PAL version) chips.
  211. The VIC chip in and of itself could address 16K of address space for screen and character memory. But only the 5K that p
  212. 8×8 characters, the VIC also supported 8×16 characters; up to 31x29 possible on NTSC machines or up to 32x35 possible on
  213. PETSCII contained 2x2 block graphics characters, and the 22x23 standard for the VIC-20 firmware text screen was enough f
  214. Like on the PET, 256 different characters could be displayed at a time, normally taken from one of the two character gen
  215. 176×184 is the standard for the VIC-20 firmware, although up to 248×232p/464i is possible on an NTSC machine and 256x280
  216. blocky version of 320x200 mode
  217. The VIC-III would only supply fixed timings, but could access all of palette RAM whichever timing it would be supplying
  218. blocky versions of 320x200 and 320x400 modes
  219. 256-color RAM palette, with 16 intensity levels per primary color (yielding 4096 colors)
  220. Included three interval timers
  221. Not to be confused with VGA. Also known as "CGA plus", the PCjr video subsystem consisted of the Video Gate Array, the 6
  222. Commonly called "TGA", essentially the same in function as the video circuitry in the PCjr.
  223. From 2K to 96K, in fact all of the system memory could be used as Video RAM, though not all of it was also practically u
  224. CGA tweaked text mode
  225. Up to eight font sets could be stored in video memory
  226. All Acorn A-series machines (A300, A5000, etc.) except A7000(+)
  227. for mouse pointer
  228. No fixed graphics modes, any mode can be generated by supplying timings. Modes are limited only by analog video bandwidt
  229. SGP=Super Graphic Processor
  230. some versions supported 65536 (16-bit per pixel) colors
  231. relevant only for very early systems with text mode displays, possible in software for later systems but not generally r
  232. Some versions supported 256 out of 65536 colors
  233. Interface Age magazine
    http://www.orphanedgames.com/videobrain/magazine_articles/videobrain_computer/VideoBrain%20-%20The%20Consumer%20Computer.pdf
  234. one byte for font and one nibble for color, per character, assumed
  235. Details are very sketchy, this is a "best guess" based on the point addressable mode that there seemed to have been; tha
  236. Details are very sketchy, this is a "best guess" based on 8×8 (blocky) pixel characters, these most likely being of 3x6i
  237. text apparently drawn in blocky pixels on high-resolution graphics screen
  238. The extremely flexible ANTIC chip can access the entire 64K of addressable memory space. But, the highest of all possib
  239. A maximum of 30 Characters can be displayed in a row in PAL. In 48 Characters Width mode, only 42-44 characters are show
  240. blocky version of 64/80/96x48 (60) mode
  241. 192 lines is the arbitrary default set by the Operating System when creating display lists. Custom display lists can use
  242. The default system font includes lowercase letters, and graphics characters for drawing lines, boxes and graphics on the
  243. The character set was easily redirected by changing an ANTIC register, allowing the user to create their own character s
  244. MSX wasn't a single machine, but a standard that was followed by various manufacturers. Thus, specs vary between various
  245. The Memotech MTX500, MTX512A and RS128 machines all have the same video capabilities
  246. the TMS9918 is actually a family of devices. The TMS9918A outputs 60 Hz NTSC composite video and TMS9928 and TMS9929 out
  247. TMS9918/28 based systems: in 32×24 text mode the character set is divided in 32 blocks of eight characters. each block o
  248. the MTX character set included only lowercase letters
  249. Except for the ASCII character set the MSX standard did not define the character set, however, most MSX systems sold in
  250. Second through fourth revisions of MSX standard, significantly extending the machine's capabilities. Most notable change
  251. Depending on manufacturer or revision. It can only be expanded to 192KB by modding the machine.
  252. 26.5 rows aren't supported by default by MSX BASIC, but it's easy to enable it.
  253. vertical only. Horizontal scroll limited to 16 pixels, by using the screen position adjust register.
  254. 1 color per line. Supports combining sprites as bitplanes to allow 3 or 8 colors per line.
  255. MSX2 machines and higher featured advanced VDP, that was somewhat similar in abilities to the Amiga one. It was able to
  256. the P2000M had nothing to do with the P2000T; it was a CP/M business machine without any special video attributes, just
  257. Essentially Philips (a TV maker) simply used a video chip used in their TVs for the display of Teletext, I believe it wa
  258. 96K for FM-77AV and AV20, 144K for FM-77AV40
  259. The FM-77AV used twelve (AV and AV20) or eighteen (AV40) "graphics planes", four (AV and AV20) or six (AV40) for each pr
  260. The FM-7 used three "graphics planes", one for each primary color, each plane had one bit for each pixel, so it used 160
  261. due to its use of a separate 6809 processor for graphics, the FM-7 could use a massive 48K of RAM for three 16K bit plan
  262. Pertaining to the Amiga 1000, Amiga 2000 and Amiga 500 machines
  263. For DMA memory access and Blitter functions, and a Copper (co-processor), a programmable finite state machine that execu
  264. the main video processor. Without using overscan, the display was 320 (low-res) or 640 (hires) pixels wide by 200 (NTSC)
  265. Older versions could only access 512K Chip RAM
  266. All text output rendered by Blitter or software in any graphics mode
  267. 320×256p, 640×256p, 320×512i or 640×512i in PAL mode
  268. The Amiga's hardware engine supports only 8 sprites, but with copper support, can present the illusion of many more. Eac
  269. 3 colors (plus a fourth transparent "color"). Two sprites could be attached to make a single 15-color sprite.
  270. Too many to mention, see Original Amiga chipset
  271. Pertaining to the Amiga 3000 machines
  272. Could do all the things the original Agnus chip could and added support for Productivity (640×480 noninterlaced) and Sup
  273. Now In non interlaced too
  274. Even more features than the original chipset, see Enhanced Amiga chipset
  275. used in the CD32, Amiga 1200 and Amiga 4000.
  276. AGA is able to do 8-bit pixels, which gives 256 colors in normal display mode and 262144 colors in HAM-8 (Hold-And-Modif
  277. Other features added to AGA over ECS were SuperHiRes, smooth scrolling, and 32-bit fast page memory fetches to supply th
  278. An alternative 80×25 text mode card later also became available
  279. YPbPr (40 column mode), RGBI (80 column mode)
  280. Unique in that the system contained two different video circuits with separate outputs
  281. All text output produced by software in high-res graphics modes
  282. Fullscreen up to 26x36, 52x36, 104x36
  283. Fullscreen up to 208x288, 416x288, 832x288
  284. with an independent palette of 15 colors, but sprite pixels can also be transparent, and each logical color can be any o
  285. three levels of magnification, 1×, 2× and 4×. Independent for X and Y axis
  286. Additional screen controls have been added to allow split screen operation and facilitate smooth scrolling.
  287. The teletext mode only used 1K of memory, the others from 8 to 20K as needed
  288. Using Teletext mode with the aid of an SAA5050, in this mode the Beeb only needed 1K RAM for 40x25 characters of text
  289. by using serial attributes, as common in Teletext systems
  290. spaced display with two blank horizontal lines following every 8 pixel lines
  291. using the 2×3 block graphics of teletext mode
  292. Modes 0 to 6 could display a choice of colors from a logical palette of sixteen, though only eight colors were available
  293. Mode 7 was a Teletext mode and extremely economfical on memory, using only 1K, In addition, the BBC B+ and the later Mas
  294. Teletext graphics, using text semigraphics characters, unlike the TRS-80 the pseudo graphics characters came in two kind
  295. Used a chip designed to display Teletext in TV's. This "video co-processor" uses "serial attributes" for its "teletext t
  296. The two main CRT Controller chips were called "VINAS 1 + 2", later models used a chip called VICON. The "Video Controlle
  297. 512KB Text VRAM, 512KB Graphic VRAM, 32KB Sprite VRAM
  298. The X68000 had a separate 768KB Character Generator ROM, with fonts for 16×16, 8×16, 8×8 and JIS 1 + 2 characters.
  299. software rendered
  300. Hardware scrolling, priority control, super-impose
  301. Potentially drawn on graphics screen
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