| No. | Governor | Term in office | Party | Election | Lt. Governor |
| 1 | | | William Dunn Moseley (1795–1863) | June 25, 1845 – October 1, 1849 (term-limited) | Democratic | 1845 | Office did not exist |
| 2 | | | Thomas Brown (1785–1867) | October 1, 1849 – October 3, 1853 (term-limited) | Whig | 1848 |
| 3 | | | James E. Broome (1808–1883) | October 3, 1853 – October 5, 1857 (term-limited) | Democratic | 1852 |
| 4 | | Madison S. Perry (1814–1865) | October 5, 1857 – October 7, 1861 (term-limited) | Democratic | 1856 |
| 5 | | John Milton (1807–1865) | October 7, 1861 – April 1, 1865 (died in office) | Democratic | 1860 |
| 6 | | Abraham K. Allison (1810–1893) | April 1, 1865 – May 19, 1865 (resigned) | Democratic | President of the Senate acting |
| — | Vacant | May 19, 1865 – July 13, 1865 | Office vacated after Civil War |
| 7 | | | William Marvin (1808–1902) | July 13, 1865 – December 20, 1865 (provisional term ended) | Provisional governor appointed by President Andrew Johnson |
| 8 | | | David S. Walker (1815–1891) | December 20, 1865 – July 4, 1868 (did not run) | Conservative | 1865 | | William W. J. Kelly |
| 9 | | | Harrison Reed (1813–1899) | July 4, 1868 – January 7, 1873 (did not run) | Republican | 1868 | William Henry Gleason (removed December 14, 1868) |
| Vacant |
| | Edmund C. Weeks (appointed January 24, 1870) (term ended December 27, 1870) |
| Samuel T. Day (took office December 27, 1870) |
| 10 | | Ossian B. Hart (1821–1874) | January 7, 1873 – March 18, 1874 (died in office) | Republican | 1872 | Marcellus Stearns |
| 11 | | Marcellus Stearns (1839–1891) | March 18, 1874 – January 2, 1877 (lost election) | Republican | Lieutenant governor acting | Acting as governor |
| 12 | | | George Franklin Drew (1827–1900) | January 2, 1877 – January 4, 1881 (did not run) | Democratic | 1876 | | Noble A. Hull (resigned March 3, 1879) |
| Vacant |
| 13 | | William D. Bloxham (1835–1911) | January 4, 1881 – January 6, 1885 (lost nomination) | Democratic | 1880 | | Livingston W. Bethel |
| 14 | | Edward A. Perry (1831–1889) | January 6, 1885 – January 8, 1889 (term-limited) | Democratic | 1884 | Milton H. Mabry |
| 15 | | Francis P. Fleming (1841–1908) | January 8, 1889 – January 3, 1893 (term-limited) | Democratic | 1888 | Office did not exist |
| 16 | | Henry L. Mitchell (1831–1903) | January 3, 1893 – January 5, 1897 (term-limited) | Democratic | 1892 |
| 17 | | William D. Bloxham (1835–1911) | January 5, 1897 – January 8, 1901 (term-limited) | Democratic | 1896 |
| 18 | | William Sherman Jennings (1863–1920) | January 8, 1901 – January 3, 1905 (term-limited) | Democratic | 1900 |
| 19 | | Napoleon B. Broward (1857–1910) | January 3, 1905 – January 5, 1909 (term-limited) | Democratic | 1904 |
| 20 | | Albert W. Gilchrist (1858–1926) | January 5, 1909 – January 7, 1913 (term-limited) | Democratic | 1908 |
| 21 | | Park Trammell (1876–1936) | January 7, 1913 – January 2, 1917 (term-limited) | Democratic | 1912 |
| 22 | | | Sidney Johnston Catts (1863–1936) | January 2, 1917 – January 4, 1921 (term-limited) | Prohibition | 1916 |
| 23 | | | Cary A. Hardee (1876–1957) | January 4, 1921 – January 6, 1925 (term-limited) | Democratic | 1920 |
| 24 | | John W. Martin (1884–1958) | January 6, 1925 – January 8, 1929 (term-limited) | Democratic | 1924 |
| 25 | | Doyle E. Carlton (1885–1972) | January 8, 1929 – January 3, 1933 (term-limited) | Democratic | 1928 |
| 26 | | David Sholtz (1891–1953) | January 3, 1933 – January 5, 1937 (term-limited) | Democratic | 1932 |
| 27 | | Fred P. Cone (1871–1948) | January 5, 1937 – January 7, 1941 (term-limited) | Democratic | 1936 |
| 28 | | Spessard Holland (1892–1971) | January 7, 1941 – January 2, 1945 (term-limited) | Democratic | 1940 |
| 29 | | Millard Caldwell (1897–1984) | January 2, 1945 – January 4, 1949 (term-limited) | Democratic | 1944 |
| 30 | | Fuller Warren (1905–1973) | January 4, 1949 – January 6, 1953 (term-limited) | Democratic | 1948 |
| 31 | | Daniel T. McCarty (1912–1953) | January 6, 1953 – September 28, 1953 (died in office) | Democratic | 1952 |
| 32 | | Charley Eugene Johns (1905–1990) | September 28, 1953 – January 4, 1955 (lost nomination) | Democratic | President of the Senate acting |
| 33 | | LeRoy Collins (1909–1991) | January 4, 1955 – January 3, 1961 (term-limited) | Democratic | 1954 (special) |
| 1956 |
| 34 | | C. Farris Bryant (1914–2002) | January 3, 1961 – January 5, 1965 (term-limited) | Democratic | 1960 |
| 35 | | W. Haydon Burns (1912–1987) | January 5, 1965 – January 3, 1967 (lost nomination) | Democratic | 1964 |
| 36 | | | Claude R. Kirk Jr. (1926–2011) | January 3, 1967 – January 5, 1971 (lost election) | Republican | 1966 |
| | Ray C. Osborne (office created January 7, 1969) |
| 37 | | | Reubin Askew (1928–2014) | January 5, 1971 – January 2, 1979 (term-limited) | Democratic | 1970 | | Thomas Burton Adams Jr. |
| 1974 | Jim Williams |
| 38 | | Bob Graham (1936–2024) | January 2, 1979 – January 3, 1987 (resigned) | Democratic | 1978 | Wayne Mixson |
| 1982 |
| 39 | | Wayne Mixson (1922–2020) | January 3, 1987 – January 6, 1987 (successor took office) | Democratic | Succeeded from lieutenant governor | Vacant |
| 40 | | | Bob Martinez (b. 1934) | January 6, 1987 – January 8, 1991 (lost election) | Republican | 1986 | | Bobby Brantley |