List of governors general of Canada
Updated: 11/6/2025, 2:08:11 AM Wikipedia source
The following is a list of the governors and governors general of Canada. Though the present-day office of the Governor General of Canada is legislatively covered under the Constitution Act, 1867 and legally constituted by the Letters Patent, 1947, the institution is, along with the institution of the Crown it represents, the oldest continuous and uniquely Canadian institution in Canada, having existed in an unbroken line since the appointment of Samuel de Champlain in 1627.
Tables
· Lieutenant General/Viceroy of New France, 1541–1627
Jean-François Roberval(c. 1495–1560)
Jean-François Roberval(c. 1495–1560)
No. → No.
1
Name(Birth–Death) → Name(Birth–Death)
Jean-François Roberval(c. 1495–1560)
Term of office → Took office
1541
Term of office → Left office
1543
Term of office → Duration
1–2 years
MonarchReign → MonarchReign
Francis I(1515–1547)
Troilus de Mesqouez(1536–1606)
Troilus de Mesqouez(1536–1606)
No. → No.
2
Name(Birth–Death) → Name(Birth–Death)
Troilus de Mesqouez(1536–1606)
Term of office → Took office
1578
Term of office → Left office
unknown
Term of office → Duration
unknown
MonarchReign → MonarchReign
Henry III(1574–1589)
Aymar de Chaste(1514–1603)
Aymar de Chaste(1514–1603)
No. → No.
3
Name(Birth–Death) → Name(Birth–Death)
Aymar de Chaste(1514–1603)
Term of office → Took office
1602
Term of office → Left office
1603
Term of office → Duration
0–1 years
MonarchReign → MonarchReign
[citation needed]
Henri II, Prince of Condé(1588–1646)
Henri II, Prince of Condé(1588–1646)
No. → No.
4
Name(Birth–Death) → Name(Birth–Death)
Henri II, Prince of Condé(1588–1646)
Term of office → Took office
1614
Term of office → Left office
1619
Term of office → Duration
4–5 years
MonarchReign → MonarchReign
Louis XIII(1610–1643)
Henri II, Duke of Montmorency(1595–1632)
Henri II, Duke of Montmorency(1595–1632)
No. → No.
5
Name(Birth–Death) → Name(Birth–Death)
Henri II, Duke of Montmorency(1595–1632)
Term of office → Took office
1619
Term of office → Left office
1625
Term of office → Duration
5–6 years
Henri de Lévis de Ventadour, Duke of Ventadour(1596–1651)
Henri de Lévis de Ventadour, Duke of Ventadour(1596–1651)
No. → No.
6
Name(Birth–Death) → Name(Birth–Death)
Henri de Lévis de Ventadour, Duke of Ventadour(1596–1651)
Term of office → Took office
1625
Term of office → Left office
1627
Term of office → Duration
1–2 years
| No. | Portrait | Name(Birth–Death) | Term of office | MonarchReign | Ref. | ||
| Took office | Left office | Duration | |||||
| 1 | | Jean-François Roberval(c. 1495–1560) | 1541 | 1543 | 1–2 years | Francis I(1515–1547) | |
| 2 | | Troilus de Mesqouez(1536–1606) | 1578 | unknown | unknown | Henry III(1574–1589) | |
| Henry IV(1589–1610) | |||||||
| 3 | | Aymar de Chaste(1514–1603) | 1602 | 1603 | 0–1 years | [citation needed] | |
| 4 | | Henri II, Prince of Condé(1588–1646) | 1614 | 1619 | 4–5 years | Louis XIII(1610–1643) | |
| 5 | | Henri II, Duke of Montmorency(1595–1632) | 1619 | 1625 | 5–6 years | ||
| 6 | | Henri de Lévis de Ventadour, Duke of Ventadour(1596–1651) | 1625 | 1627 | 1–2 years | ||
· Governors of New France, 1627–1663
Samuel de Champlain(1574–1635)
Samuel de Champlain(1574–1635)
No. → No.
1
Name(Birth–Death) → Name(Birth–Death)
Samuel de Champlain(1574–1635)
Term of office → Took office
1627
Term of office → Left office
1635
Term of office → Duration
7–8 years
MonarchReign → MonarchReign
Louis XIII(1610–1643)
Charles de Montmagny(c. 1599–1654)
Charles de Montmagny(c. 1599–1654)
No. → No.
2
Name(Birth–Death) → Name(Birth–Death)
Charles de Montmagny(c. 1599–1654)
Term of office → Took office
1635
Term of office → Left office
1648
Term of office → Duration
12–13 years
Louis d'Ailleboust de Coulonge(c. 1612–1660)
Louis d'Ailleboust de Coulonge(c. 1612–1660)
No. → No.
3
Name(Birth–Death) → Name(Birth–Death)
Louis d'Ailleboust de Coulonge(c. 1612–1660)
Term of office → Took office
1648
Term of office → Left office
1651
Term of office → Duration
2–3 years
Jean de Lauson(1584–1666)
Jean de Lauson(1584–1666)
No. → No.
4
Name(Birth–Death) → Name(Birth–Death)
Jean de Lauson(1584–1666)
Term of office → Took office
1651
Term of office → Left office
1657
Term of office → Duration
5–6 years
Pierre de Voyer d'Argenson, Vicomte de Mouzay(c. 1599–1654)
Pierre de Voyer d'Argenson, Vicomte de Mouzay(c. 1599–1654)
No. → No.
5
Name(Birth–Death) → Name(Birth–Death)
Pierre de Voyer d'Argenson, Vicomte de Mouzay(c. 1599–1654)
Term of office → Took office
1658
Term of office → Left office
1661
Term of office → Duration
2–3 years
Pierre Dubois Davaugour(1625–1709)
Pierre Dubois Davaugour(1625–1709)
No. → No.
6
Name(Birth–Death) → Name(Birth–Death)
Pierre Dubois Davaugour(1625–1709)
Term of office → Took office
1661
Term of office → Left office
1663
Term of office → Duration
1–2 years
| No. | Portrait | Name(Birth–Death) | Term of office | MonarchReign | ||
| Took office | Left office | Duration | ||||
| 1 | | Samuel de Champlain(1574–1635) | 1627 | 1635 | 7–8 years | Louis XIII(1610–1643) |
| 2 | | Charles de Montmagny(c. 1599–1654) | 1635 | 1648 | 12–13 years | |
| Louis XIV(1643–1715) | ||||||
| 3 | | Louis d'Ailleboust de Coulonge(c. 1612–1660) | 1648 | 1651 | 2–3 years | |
| 4 | | Jean de Lauson(1584–1666) | 1651 | 1657 | 5–6 years | |
| 5 | | Pierre de Voyer d'Argenson, Vicomte de Mouzay(c. 1599–1654) | 1658 | 1661 | 2–3 years | |
| 6 | | Pierre Dubois Davaugour(1625–1709) | 1661 | 1663 | 1–2 years | |
· Governors general of New France, 1663–1760
Augustin de Saffray de Mésy(1598–1665)
Augustin de Saffray de Mésy(1598–1665)
No. → No.
1
Name(Birth–Death) → Name(Birth–Death)
Augustin de Saffray de Mésy(1598–1665)
Term of office → Took office
1663
Term of office → Left office
1665
Term of office → Duration
1–2 years
MonarchReign → MonarchReign
Louis XIV(1643–1715)
Daniel de Rémy de Courcelle(1626–1698)
Daniel de Rémy de Courcelle(1626–1698)
No. → No.
2
Name(Birth–Death) → Name(Birth–Death)
Daniel de Rémy de Courcelle(1626–1698)
Term of office → Took office
1665
Term of office → Left office
1672
Term of office → Duration
6–7 years
Louis de Buade, Count of Frontenac(1622–1698)
Louis de Buade, Count of Frontenac(1622–1698)
No. → No.
3
Name(Birth–Death) → Name(Birth–Death)
Louis de Buade, Count of Frontenac(1622–1698)
Term of office → Took office
1672
Term of office → Left office
1682
Term of office → Duration
9–10 years
Joseph-Antoine le Fèbvre, Sieur of La Barre(1622–1688)
Joseph-Antoine le Fèbvre, Sieur of La Barre(1622–1688)
No. → No.
4
Name(Birth–Death) → Name(Birth–Death)
Joseph-Antoine le Fèbvre, Sieur of La Barre(1622–1688)
Term of office → Took office
1682
Term of office → Left office
1685
Term of office → Duration
2–3 years
Jacques-René de Brisay, Marquis de Denonville(1637–1710)
Jacques-René de Brisay, Marquis de Denonville(1637–1710)
No. → No.
5
Name(Birth–Death) → Name(Birth–Death)
Jacques-René de Brisay, Marquis de Denonville(1637–1710)
Term of office → Took office
1685
Term of office → Left office
1689
Term of office → Duration
3–4 years
Louis de Buade, Count of Frontenac(1622–1698)
Louis de Buade, Count of Frontenac(1622–1698)
No. → No.
(3)
Name(Birth–Death) → Name(Birth–Death)
Louis de Buade, Count of Frontenac(1622–1698)
Term of office → Took office
1689
Term of office → Left office
1698
Term of office → Duration
8–9 years
Louis-Hector de Callière(1648–1703)
Louis-Hector de Callière(1648–1703)
No. → No.
6
Name(Birth–Death) → Name(Birth–Death)
Louis-Hector de Callière(1648–1703)
Term of office → Took office
1698
Term of office → Left office
1703
Term of office → Duration
4–5 years
Philippe de Rigaud, Marquis de Vaudreuil(1622–1698)
Philippe de Rigaud, Marquis de Vaudreuil(1622–1698)
No. → No.
7
Name(Birth–Death) → Name(Birth–Death)
Philippe de Rigaud, Marquis de Vaudreuil(1622–1698)
Term of office → Took office
1703
Term of office → Left office
1725
Term of office → Duration
21–22 years
Charles de la Boische, Marquis de Beauharnois(1671–1749)
Charles de la Boische, Marquis de Beauharnois(1671–1749)
No. → No.
8
Name(Birth–Death) → Name(Birth–Death)
Charles de la Boische, Marquis de Beauharnois(1671–1749)
Term of office → Took office
1725
Term of office → Left office
1747
Term of office → Duration
21–22 years
Roland-Michel Barrin de La Galissonière(1693–1756)
Roland-Michel Barrin de La Galissonière(1693–1756)
No. → No.
9
Name(Birth–Death) → Name(Birth–Death)
Roland-Michel Barrin de La Galissonière(1693–1756)
Term of office → Took office
1747
Term of office → Left office
1749
Term of office → Duration
1–2 years
Jacques-Pierre de Taffanel de la Jonquière, Marquis de la Jonquière(1685–1752)
Jacques-Pierre de Taffanel de la Jonquière, Marquis de la Jonquière(1685–1752)
No. → No.
10
Name(Birth–Death) → Name(Birth–Death)
Jacques-Pierre de Taffanel de la Jonquière, Marquis de la Jonquière(1685–1752)
Term of office → Took office
1749
Term of office → Left office
1752
Term of office → Duration
2–3 years
Michel-Ange Duquesne de Menneville, Marquess Duquesne(c. 1700–1778)
Michel-Ange Duquesne de Menneville, Marquess Duquesne(c. 1700–1778)
No. → No.
11
Name(Birth–Death) → Name(Birth–Death)
Michel-Ange Duquesne de Menneville, Marquess Duquesne(c. 1700–1778)
Term of office → Took office
1752
Term of office → Left office
1755
Term of office → Duration
2–3 years
Pierre de Rigaud, marquis de Vaudreuil-Cavagnial(1698–1778)
Pierre de Rigaud, marquis de Vaudreuil-Cavagnial(1698–1778)
No. → No.
12
Name(Birth–Death) → Name(Birth–Death)
Pierre de Rigaud, marquis de Vaudreuil-Cavagnial(1698–1778)
Term of office → Took office
1755
Term of office → Left office
1760
Term of office → Duration
4–5 years
| No. | Portrait | Name(Birth–Death) | Term of office | MonarchReign | ||
| Took office | Left office | Duration | ||||
| 1 | | Augustin de Saffray de Mésy(1598–1665) | 1663 | 1665 | 1–2 years | Louis XIV(1643–1715) |
| 2 | | Daniel de Rémy de Courcelle(1626–1698) | 1665 | 1672 | 6–7 years | |
| 3 | | Louis de Buade, Count of Frontenac(1622–1698) | 1672 | 1682 | 9–10 years | |
| 4 | | Joseph-Antoine le Fèbvre, Sieur of La Barre(1622–1688) | 1682 | 1685 | 2–3 years | |
| 5 | | Jacques-René de Brisay, Marquis de Denonville(1637–1710) | 1685 | 1689 | 3–4 years | |
| (3) | | Louis de Buade, Count of Frontenac(1622–1698) | 1689 | 1698 | 8–9 years | |
| 6 | | Louis-Hector de Callière(1648–1703) | 1698 | 1703 | 4–5 years | |
| 7 | | Philippe de Rigaud, Marquis de Vaudreuil(1622–1698) | 1703 | 1725 | 21–22 years | |
| Louis XV(1715–1774) | ||||||
| 8 | | Charles de la Boische, Marquis de Beauharnois(1671–1749) | 1725 | 1747 | 21–22 years | |
| 9 | | Roland-Michel Barrin de La Galissonière(1693–1756) | 1747 | 1749 | 1–2 years | |
| 10 | | Jacques-Pierre de Taffanel de la Jonquière, Marquis de la Jonquière(1685–1752) | 1749 | 1752 | 2–3 years | |
| 11 | | Michel-Ange Duquesne de Menneville, Marquess Duquesne(c. 1700–1778) | 1752 | 1755 | 2–3 years | |
| 12 | | Pierre de Rigaud, marquis de Vaudreuil-Cavagnial(1698–1778) | 1755 | 1760 | 4–5 years | |
· Governors of the Province of Quebec, 1760–1786
Jeffery Amherst(1717–1797)
Jeffery Amherst(1717–1797)
No. → No.
1
Name(Birth–Death) → Name(Birth–Death)
Jeffery Amherst(1717–1797)
Term of office → Took office
1760
Term of office → Left office
1763
Term of office → Duration
2–3 years
MonarchReign → MonarchReign
George III(1760–1820)
James Murray(1721–1794)
James Murray(1721–1794)
No. → No.
2
Name(Birth–Death) → Name(Birth–Death)
James Murray(1721–1794)
Term of office → Took office
1764
Term of office → Left office
1768
Term of office → Duration
4–5 years
Guy CarletonKB(1724–1808)
Guy CarletonKB(1724–1808)
No. → No.
3
Name(Birth–Death) → Name(Birth–Death)
Guy CarletonKB(1724–1808)
Term of office → Took office
1768
Term of office → Left office
1778
Term of office → Duration
9–10 years
Sir Frederick HaldimandKB(1724–1808)
Sir Frederick HaldimandKB(1724–1808)
No. → No.
4
Name(Birth–Death) → Name(Birth–Death)
Sir Frederick HaldimandKB(1724–1808)
Term of office → Took office
1778
Term of office → Left office
1786
Term of office → Duration
7–8 years
| No. | Portrait | Name(Birth–Death) | Term of office | MonarchReign | ||
| Took office | Left office | Duration | ||||
| 1 | | Jeffery Amherst(1717–1797) | 1760 | 1763 | 2–3 years | George III(1760–1820) |
| 2 | | James Murray(1721–1794) | 1764 | 1768 | 4–5 years | |
| 3 | | Guy CarletonKB(1724–1808) | 1768 | 1778 | 9–10 years | |
| 4 | | Sir Frederick HaldimandKB(1724–1808) | 1778 | 1786 | 7–8 years | |
· Governors general of the Canadas/British North America, 1786–1841
Guy Carleton, 1st Baron DorchesterKB(1724–1808)
Guy Carleton, 1st Baron DorchesterKB(1724–1808)
No. → No.
1
Name(Birth–Death) → Name(Birth–Death)
Guy Carleton, 1st Baron DorchesterKB(1724–1808)
Term of office → Took office
1786
Term of office → Left office
1796
Term of office → Duration
9–10 years
MonarchReign → MonarchReign
George III(1760–1820)
Robert Prescott(c. 1726–1815)
Robert Prescott(c. 1726–1815)
No. → No.
2
Name(Birth–Death) → Name(Birth–Death)
Robert Prescott(c. 1726–1815)
Term of office → Took office
1796
Term of office → Left office
1799
Term of office → Duration
2–3 years
Sir Robert Milnes, 1st Baronet(1754–1837)
Sir Robert Milnes, 1st Baronet(1754–1837)
No. → No.
3
Name(Birth–Death) → Name(Birth–Death)
Sir Robert Milnes, 1st Baronet(1754–1837)
Term of office → Took office
1799
Term of office → Left office
1805
Term of office → Duration
5–6 years
Thomas Dunn(1729–1818)
Thomas Dunn(1729–1818)
No. → No.
4
Name(Birth–Death) → Name(Birth–Death)
Thomas Dunn(1729–1818)
Term of office → Took office
1805
Term of office → Left office
1807
Term of office → Duration
1–2 years
Sir James Henry CraigKB(1748–1812)
Sir James Henry CraigKB(1748–1812)
No. → No.
5
Name(Birth–Death) → Name(Birth–Death)
Sir James Henry CraigKB(1748–1812)
Term of office → Took office
1807
Term of office → Left office
1811
Term of office → Duration
3–4 years
Sir George Prevost, 1st Baronet(1767–1816)
Sir George Prevost, 1st Baronet(1767–1816)
No. → No.
6
Name(Birth–Death) → Name(Birth–Death)
Sir George Prevost, 1st Baronet(1767–1816)
Term of office → Took office
1811
Term of office → Left office
1815
Term of office → Duration
3–4 years
Sir Gordon Drummond(1772–1854)
Sir Gordon Drummond(1772–1854)
No. → No.
7
Name(Birth–Death) → Name(Birth–Death)
Sir Gordon Drummond(1772–1854)
Term of office → Took office
1815
Term of office → Left office
1816
Term of office → Duration
0–1 years
Sir John Coape Sherbrooke(1764–1830)
Sir John Coape Sherbrooke(1764–1830)
No. → No.
8
Name(Birth–Death) → Name(Birth–Death)
Sir John Coape Sherbrooke(1764–1830)
Term of office → Took office
1816
Term of office → Left office
1818
Term of office → Duration
1–2 years
Charles Lennox, 4th Duke of RichmondKG, PC(1764–1819)
Charles Lennox, 4th Duke of RichmondKG, PC(1764–1819)
No. → No.
9
Name(Birth–Death) → Name(Birth–Death)
Charles Lennox, 4th Duke of RichmondKG, PC(1764–1819)
Term of office → Took office
1818
Term of office → Left office
1819
Term of office → Duration
0–1 years
George Ramsay, 9th Earl of DalhousieGCB(1770–1838)
George Ramsay, 9th Earl of DalhousieGCB(1770–1838)
No. → No.
10
Name(Birth–Death) → Name(Birth–Death)
George Ramsay, 9th Earl of DalhousieGCB(1770–1838)
Term of office → Took office
1820
Term of office → Left office
1828
Term of office → Duration
7–8 years
MonarchReign → MonarchReign
George IV(1820–1830)
Sir James KemptGCB(c. 1765–1854)
Sir James KemptGCB(c. 1765–1854)
No. → No.
11
Name(Birth–Death) → Name(Birth–Death)
Sir James KemptGCB(c. 1765–1854)
Term of office → Took office
1828
Term of office → Left office
1830
Term of office → Duration
1–2 years
Matthew Whitworth-Aylmer, 5th Baron Aylmer(1775–1850)
Matthew Whitworth-Aylmer, 5th Baron Aylmer(1775–1850)
No. → No.
12
Name(Birth–Death) → Name(Birth–Death)
Matthew Whitworth-Aylmer, 5th Baron Aylmer(1775–1850)
Term of office → Took office
1830
Term of office → Left office
1835
Term of office → Duration
4–5 years
MonarchReign → MonarchReign
William IV(1830–1837)
Archibald Acheson, 2nd Earl of GosfordGCB(1776–1849)
Archibald Acheson, 2nd Earl of GosfordGCB(1776–1849)
No. → No.
13
Name(Birth–Death) → Name(Birth–Death)
Archibald Acheson, 2nd Earl of GosfordGCB(1776–1849)
Term of office → Took office
1835
Term of office → Left office
1837
Term of office → Duration
1–2 years
Sir John Colborne(1778–1863)
Sir John Colborne(1778–1863)
No. → No.
14
Name(Birth–Death) → Name(Birth–Death)
Sir John Colborne(1778–1863)
Term of office → Took office
1837
Term of office → Left office
1838
Term of office → Duration
0–1 years
MonarchReign → MonarchReign
Victoria(1837–1901)
John Lambton, 1st Earl of Durham(1792–1840)
John Lambton, 1st Earl of Durham(1792–1840)
No. → No.
15
Name(Birth–Death) → Name(Birth–Death)
John Lambton, 1st Earl of Durham(1792–1840)
Term of office → Took office
1838
Term of office → Left office
1839
Term of office → Duration
0–1 years
Charles Poulett Thomson, 1st Baron SydenhamPC(1799–1841)
Charles Poulett Thomson, 1st Baron SydenhamPC(1799–1841)
No. → No.
16
Name(Birth–Death) → Name(Birth–Death)
Charles Poulett Thomson, 1st Baron SydenhamPC(1799–1841)
Term of office → Took office
1839
Term of office → Left office
1841
Term of office → Duration
1–2 years
| No. | Portrait | Name(Birth–Death) | Term of office | MonarchReign | ||
| Took office | Left office | Duration | ||||
| 1 | | Guy Carleton, 1st Baron DorchesterKB(1724–1808) | 1786 | 1796 | 9–10 years | George III(1760–1820) |
| 2 | | Robert Prescott(c. 1726–1815) | 1796 | 1799 | 2–3 years | |
| 3 | | Sir Robert Milnes, 1st Baronet(1754–1837) | 1799 | 1805 | 5–6 years | |
| 4 | | Thomas Dunn(1729–1818) | 1805 | 1807 | 1–2 years | |
| 5 | | Sir James Henry CraigKB(1748–1812) | 1807 | 1811 | 3–4 years | |
| 6 | | Sir George Prevost, 1st Baronet(1767–1816) | 1811 | 1815 | 3–4 years | |
| 7 | | Sir Gordon Drummond(1772–1854) | 1815 | 1816 | 0–1 years | |
| 8 | | Sir John Coape Sherbrooke(1764–1830) | 1816 | 1818 | 1–2 years | |
| 9 | | Charles Lennox, 4th Duke of RichmondKG, PC(1764–1819) | 1818 | 1819 | 0–1 years | |
| 10 | | George Ramsay, 9th Earl of DalhousieGCB(1770–1838) | 1820 | 1828 | 7–8 years | George IV(1820–1830) |
| 11 | | Sir James KemptGCB(c. 1765–1854) | 1828 | 1830 | 1–2 years | |
| 12 | | Matthew Whitworth-Aylmer, 5th Baron Aylmer(1775–1850) | 1830 | 1835 | 4–5 years | William IV(1830–1837) |
| 13 | | Archibald Acheson, 2nd Earl of GosfordGCB(1776–1849) | 1835 | 1837 | 1–2 years | |
| 14 | | Sir John Colborne(1778–1863) | 1837 | 1838 | 0–1 years | Victoria(1837–1901) |
| 15 | | John Lambton, 1st Earl of Durham(1792–1840) | 1838 | 1839 | 0–1 years | |
| 16 | | Charles Poulett Thomson, 1st Baron SydenhamPC(1799–1841) | 1839 | 1841 | 1–2 years | |
· Governors general of the Province of Canada, 1841–1867
Charles Poulett Thomson, 1st Baron SydenhamPC(1799–1841)
Charles Poulett Thomson, 1st Baron SydenhamPC(1799–1841)
No. → No.
1
Name(Birth–Death) → Name(Birth–Death)
Charles Poulett Thomson, 1st Baron SydenhamPC(1799–1841)
Term of office → Took office
5 February1841
Term of office → Left office
19 September1841
Term of office → Duration
226 days
MonarchReign → MonarchReign
Victoria(1837–1901)
Sir Charles Bagot(1781–1843)
Sir Charles Bagot(1781–1843)
No. → No.
2
Name(Birth–Death) → Name(Birth–Death)
Sir Charles Bagot(1781–1843)
Term of office → Took office
12 January1842
Term of office → Left office
19 May1843
Term of office → Duration
1 year, 127 days
Charles Metcalfe, 1st Baron MetcalfeBt, PC(1785–1846)
Charles Metcalfe, 1st Baron MetcalfeBt, PC(1785–1846)
No. → No.
3
Name(Birth–Death) → Name(Birth–Death)
Charles Metcalfe, 1st Baron MetcalfeBt, PC(1785–1846)
Term of office → Took office
30 May1843
Term of office → Left office
26 November1845
Term of office → Duration
2 years, 180 days
Charles Cathcart, 2nd Earl CathcartGCB(1783–1859)
Charles Cathcart, 2nd Earl CathcartGCB(1783–1859)
No. → No.
4
Name(Birth–Death) → Name(Birth–Death)
Charles Cathcart, 2nd Earl CathcartGCB(1783–1859)
Term of office → Took office
26 November1845
Term of office → Left office
30 January1847
Term of office → Duration
1 year, 65 days
James Bruce, 8th Earl of ElginPC, GCB(1811–1863)
James Bruce, 8th Earl of ElginPC, GCB(1811–1863)
No. → No.
5
Name(Birth–Death) → Name(Birth–Death)
James Bruce, 8th Earl of ElginPC, GCB(1811–1863)
Term of office → Took office
30 January1847
Term of office → Left office
19 December1854
Term of office → Duration
7 years, 323 days
Sir Edmund Walker Head, BaronetKCB(1805–1868)
Sir Edmund Walker Head, BaronetKCB(1805–1868)
No. → No.
6
Name(Birth–Death) → Name(Birth–Death)
Sir Edmund Walker Head, BaronetKCB(1805–1868)
Term of office → Took office
19 December1854
Term of office → Left office
25 October1861
Term of office → Duration
6 years, 310 days
Charles Monck, 4th Viscount MonckPC, GCMG(1819–1894)
Charles Monck, 4th Viscount MonckPC, GCMG(1819–1894)
No. → No.
7
Name(Birth–Death) → Name(Birth–Death)
Charles Monck, 4th Viscount MonckPC, GCMG(1819–1894)
Term of office → Took office
25 October1861
Term of office → Left office
1 July1867
Term of office → Duration
5 years, 249 days
| No. | Portrait | Name(Birth–Death) | Term of office | MonarchReign | ||
| Took office | Left office | Duration | ||||
| 1 | | Charles Poulett Thomson, 1st Baron SydenhamPC(1799–1841) | 5 February1841 | 19 September1841 | 226 days | Victoria(1837–1901) |
| 2 | | Sir Charles Bagot(1781–1843) | 12 January1842 | 19 May1843 | 1 year, 127 days | |
| 3 | | Charles Metcalfe, 1st Baron MetcalfeBt, PC(1785–1846) | 30 May1843 | 26 November1845 | 2 years, 180 days | |
| 4 | | Charles Cathcart, 2nd Earl CathcartGCB(1783–1859) | 26 November1845 | 30 January1847 | 1 year, 65 days | |
| 5 | | James Bruce, 8th Earl of ElginPC, GCB(1811–1863) | 30 January1847 | 19 December1854 | 7 years, 323 days | |
| 6 | | Sir Edmund Walker Head, BaronetKCB(1805–1868) | 19 December1854 | 25 October1861 | 6 years, 310 days | |
| 7 | | Charles Monck, 4th Viscount MonckPC, GCMG(1819–1894) | 25 October1861 | 1 July1867 | 5 years, 249 days | |
· Governors general of Canada, 1867–present
Charles Monck, 4th Viscount Monck(1819–1894)
Charles Monck, 4th Viscount Monck(1819–1894)
No. → No.
1
Name(Birth–Death) → Name(Birth–Death)
Charles Monck, 4th Viscount Monck(1819–1894)
Profession → Profession
Politician
Term of office → Took office
1 July1867
Term of office → Left office
14 November1868
Term of office → Duration
1 year, 136 days
MonarchReign → MonarchReign
Victoria(1837–1901)
Prime MinisterTerm of office → Prime MinisterTerm of office
Sir John A. Macdonald(1867–1873)
John Young, 1st Baron Lisgar(1807–1876)
John Young, 1st Baron Lisgar(1807–1876)
No. → No.
2
Name(Birth–Death) → Name(Birth–Death)
John Young, 1st Baron Lisgar(1807–1876)
Profession → Profession
Politician
Term of office → Took office
14 November1868
Term of office → Left office
25 June1872
Term of office → Duration
3 years, 144 days
Frederick Hamilton-Temple-Blackwood, 1st Earl of Dufferin(1826–1902)
Frederick Hamilton-Temple-Blackwood, 1st Earl of Dufferin(1826–1902)
No. → No.
3
Name(Birth–Death) → Name(Birth–Death)
Frederick Hamilton-Temple-Blackwood, 1st Earl of Dufferin(1826–1902)
Profession → Profession
Diplomat
Term of office → Took office
25 June1872
Term of office → Left office
25 November1878
Term of office → Duration
6 years, 153 days
John Campbell, Marquess of Lorne(1845–1914)
John Campbell, Marquess of Lorne(1845–1914)
No. → No.
4
Name(Birth–Death) → Name(Birth–Death)
John Campbell, Marquess of Lorne(1845–1914)
Profession → Profession
Author,Politician
Term of office → Took office
25 November1878
Term of office → Left office
23 October1883
Term of office → Duration
4 years, 332 days
Henry Petty-Fitzmaurice, 5th Marquess of Lansdowne(1845–1927)
Henry Petty-Fitzmaurice, 5th Marquess of Lansdowne(1845–1927)
No. → No.
5
Name(Birth–Death) → Name(Birth–Death)
Henry Petty-Fitzmaurice, 5th Marquess of Lansdowne(1845–1927)
Profession → Profession
Politician
Term of office → Took office
23 October1883
Term of office → Left office
11 June1888
Term of office → Duration
4 years, 232 days
Frederick Stanley, Lord Stanley of Preston(1841–1908)
Frederick Stanley, Lord Stanley of Preston(1841–1908)
No. → No.
6
Name(Birth–Death) → Name(Birth–Death)
Frederick Stanley, Lord Stanley of Preston(1841–1908)
Profession → Profession
Politician
Term of office → Took office
11 June1888
Term of office → Left office
18 September1893
Term of office → Duration
5 years, 99 days
John Hamilton-Gordon, 7th Earl of Aberdeen(1847–1934)
John Hamilton-Gordon, 7th Earl of Aberdeen(1847–1934)
No. → No.
7
Name(Birth–Death) → Name(Birth–Death)
John Hamilton-Gordon, 7th Earl of Aberdeen(1847–1934)
Profession → Profession
Politician
Term of office → Took office
18 September1893
Term of office → Left office
12 November1898
Term of office → Duration
5 years, 55 days
Gilbert Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 4th Earl of Minto(1845–1914)
Gilbert Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 4th Earl of Minto(1845–1914)
No. → No.
8
Name(Birth–Death) → Name(Birth–Death)
Gilbert Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 4th Earl of Minto(1845–1914)
Profession → Profession
Military officer
Term of office → Took office
12 November1898
Term of office → Left office
10 December1904
Term of office → Duration
6 years, 28 days
Albert Grey, 4th Earl Grey(1851–1917)
Albert Grey, 4th Earl Grey(1851–1917)
No. → No.
9
Name(Birth–Death) → Name(Birth–Death)
Albert Grey, 4th Earl Grey(1851–1917)
Profession → Profession
Politician
Term of office → Took office
10 December1904
Term of office → Left office
13 October1911
Term of office → Duration
6 years, 307 days
Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn(1850–1942)
Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn(1850–1942)
No. → No.
10
Name(Birth–Death) → Name(Birth–Death)
Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn(1850–1942)
Profession → Profession
Military officer
Term of office → Took office
13 October1911
Term of office → Left office
11 November1916
Term of office → Duration
5 years, 29 days
Victor Cavendish, 9th Duke of Devonshire(1868–1938)
Victor Cavendish, 9th Duke of Devonshire(1868–1938)
No. → No.
11
Name(Birth–Death) → Name(Birth–Death)
Victor Cavendish, 9th Duke of Devonshire(1868–1938)
Profession → Profession
Politician
Term of office → Took office
11 November1916
Term of office → Left office
11 August1921
Term of office → Duration
4 years, 273 days
Julian Byng, 1st Viscount Byng of Vimy(1862–1935)
Julian Byng, 1st Viscount Byng of Vimy(1862–1935)
No. → No.
12
Name(Birth–Death) → Name(Birth–Death)
Julian Byng, 1st Viscount Byng of Vimy(1862–1935)
Profession → Profession
Military officer
Term of office → Took office
11 August1921
Term of office → Left office
2 October1926
Term of office → Duration
5 years, 52 days
Freeman Freeman-Thomas, 1st Marquess of Willingdon(1866–1941)
Freeman Freeman-Thomas, 1st Marquess of Willingdon(1866–1941)
No. → No.
13
Name(Birth–Death) → Name(Birth–Death)
Freeman Freeman-Thomas, 1st Marquess of Willingdon(1866–1941)
Profession → Profession
Politician
Term of office → Took office
2 October1926
Term of office → Left office
4 April1931
Term of office → Duration
4 years, 184 days
Vere Ponsonby, 9th Earl of Bessborough(1880–1956)
Vere Ponsonby, 9th Earl of Bessborough(1880–1956)
No. → No.
14
Name(Birth–Death) → Name(Birth–Death)
Vere Ponsonby, 9th Earl of Bessborough(1880–1956)
Profession → Profession
Businessman
Term of office → Took office
4 April1931
Term of office → Left office
2 November1935
Term of office → Duration
4 years, 212 days
John Buchan, 1st Baron Tweedsmuir(1875–1940)
John Buchan, 1st Baron Tweedsmuir(1875–1940)
No. → No.
15
Name(Birth–Death) → Name(Birth–Death)
John Buchan, 1st Baron Tweedsmuir(1875–1940)
Profession → Profession
Author, Politician
Term of office → Took office
2 November1935
Term of office → Left office
11 February1940
Term of office → Duration
4 years, 101 days
Alexander Cambridge, 1st Earl of Athlone(1874–1957)
Alexander Cambridge, 1st Earl of Athlone(1874–1957)
No. → No.
16
Name(Birth–Death) → Name(Birth–Death)
Alexander Cambridge, 1st Earl of Athlone(1874–1957)
Profession → Profession
Military officer
Term of office → Took office
21 June1940
Term of office → Left office
12 April1946
Term of office → Duration
5 years, 295 days
Harold Alexander, 1st Earl Alexander of Tunis(1891–1969)
Harold Alexander, 1st Earl Alexander of Tunis(1891–1969)
No. → No.
17
Name(Birth–Death) → Name(Birth–Death)
Harold Alexander, 1st Earl Alexander of Tunis(1891–1969)
Profession → Profession
Military officer
Term of office → Took office
12 April1946
Term of office → Left office
28 January1952
Term of office → Duration
5 years, 300 days
Vincent Massey(1887–1967)
Vincent Massey(1887–1967)
No. → No.
18
Name(Birth–Death) → Name(Birth–Death)
Vincent Massey(1887–1967)
Profession → Profession
Diplomat
Term of office → Took office
28 February1952
Term of office → Left office
15 September1959
Term of office → Duration
7 years, 199 days
MonarchReign → MonarchReign
Elizabeth II(1952–2022)
Georges Vanier(1888–1967)
Georges Vanier(1888–1967)
No. → No.
19
Name(Birth–Death) → Name(Birth–Death)
Georges Vanier(1888–1967)
Profession → Profession
Military officer,Diplomat
Term of office → Took office
15 September1959
Term of office → Left office
5 March1967
Term of office → Duration
7 years, 171 days
Roland Michener(1900–1991)
Roland Michener(1900–1991)
No. → No.
20
Name(Birth–Death) → Name(Birth–Death)
Roland Michener(1900–1991)
Profession → Profession
Politician
Term of office → Took office
17 April1967
Term of office → Left office
14 January1974
Term of office → Duration
6 years, 272 days
Jules Léger(1913–1980)
Jules Léger(1913–1980)
No. → No.
21
Name(Birth–Death) → Name(Birth–Death)
Jules Léger(1913–1980)
Profession → Profession
Diplomat
Term of office → Took office
14 January1974
Term of office → Left office
22 January1979
Term of office → Duration
5 years, 8 days
Edward Schreyer(born 1935)
Edward Schreyer(born 1935)
No. → No.
22
Name(Birth–Death) → Name(Birth–Death)
Edward Schreyer(born 1935)
Profession → Profession
Politician
Term of office → Took office
22 January1979
Term of office → Left office
14 May1984
Term of office → Duration
5 years, 113 days
Jeanne Sauvé(1922–1993)
Jeanne Sauvé(1922–1993)
No. → No.
23
Name(Birth–Death) → Name(Birth–Death)
Jeanne Sauvé(1922–1993)
Profession → Profession
Journalist,Politician
Term of office → Took office
14 May1984
Term of office → Left office
29 January1990
Term of office → Duration
5 years, 260 days
Ray Hnatyshyn(1934–2002)
Ray Hnatyshyn(1934–2002)
No. → No.
24
Name(Birth–Death) → Name(Birth–Death)
Ray Hnatyshyn(1934–2002)
Profession → Profession
Politician
Term of office → Took office
29 January1990
Term of office → Left office
8 February1995
Term of office → Duration
5 years, 10 days
Roméo LeBlanc(1928–2009)
Roméo LeBlanc(1928–2009)
No. → No.
25
Name(Birth–Death) → Name(Birth–Death)
Roméo LeBlanc(1928–2009)
Profession → Profession
Journalist,Politician
Term of office → Took office
8 February1995
Term of office → Left office
7 October1999
Term of office → Duration
4 years, 242 days
Adrienne Clarkson(born 1939)
Adrienne Clarkson(born 1939)
No. → No.
26
Name(Birth–Death) → Name(Birth–Death)
Adrienne Clarkson(born 1939)
Profession → Profession
Journalist
Term of office → Took office
7 October1999
Term of office → Left office
27 September2005
Term of office → Duration
5 years, 355 days
Michaëlle Jean(born 1957)
Michaëlle Jean(born 1957)
No. → No.
27
Name(Birth–Death) → Name(Birth–Death)
Michaëlle Jean(born 1957)
Profession → Profession
Journalist
Term of office → Took office
27 September2005
Term of office → Left office
1 October2010
Term of office → Duration
5 years, 4 days
David Johnston(born 1941)
David Johnston(born 1941)
No. → No.
28
Name(Birth–Death) → Name(Birth–Death)
David Johnston(born 1941)
Profession → Profession
Law professor,University administrator
Term of office → Took office
1 October2010
Term of office → Left office
2 October2017
Term of office → Duration
7 years, 1 day
Julie Payette(born 1963)
Julie Payette(born 1963)
No. → No.
29
Name(Birth–Death) → Name(Birth–Death)
Julie Payette(born 1963)
Profession → Profession
Astronaut,Engineer
Term of office → Took office
2 October2017
Term of office → Left office
22 January2021
Term of office → Duration
3 years, 112 days
Mary Simon(born 1947)
Mary Simon(born 1947)
No. → No.
30
Name(Birth–Death) → Name(Birth–Death)
Mary Simon(born 1947)
Profession → Profession
Broadcaster,Diplomat
Term of office → Took office
26 July2021
Term of office → Left office
Incumbent
Term of office → Duration
4 years, 101 days
| No. | Portrait | Name(Birth–Death) | Profession | Term of office | MonarchReign | Prime MinisterTerm of office | Ref. | ||
| Took office | Left office | Duration | |||||||
| 1 | | Charles Monck, 4th Viscount Monck(1819–1894) | Politician | 1 July1867 | 14 November1868 | 1 year, 136 days | Victoria(1837–1901) | Sir John A. Macdonald(1867–1873) | |
| 2 | | John Young, 1st Baron Lisgar(1807–1876) | Politician | 14 November1868 | 25 June1872 | 3 years, 144 days | |||
| 3 | | Frederick Hamilton-Temple-Blackwood, 1st Earl of Dufferin(1826–1902) | Diplomat | 25 June1872 | 25 November1878 | 6 years, 153 days | |||
| Alexander Mackenzie(1873–1878) | |||||||||
| Sir John A. Macdonald(1878–1891) | |||||||||
| 4 | | John Campbell, Marquess of Lorne(1845–1914) | Author,Politician | 25 November1878 | 23 October1883 | 4 years, 332 days | |||
| 5 | | Henry Petty-Fitzmaurice, 5th Marquess of Lansdowne(1845–1927) | Politician | 23 October1883 | 11 June1888 | 4 years, 232 days | |||
| 6 | | Frederick Stanley, Lord Stanley of Preston(1841–1908) | Politician | 11 June1888 | 18 September1893 | 5 years, 99 days | |||
| Sir John Abbott(1891–1892) | |||||||||
| Sir John Sparrow David Thompson(1892–1894) | |||||||||
| 7 | | John Hamilton-Gordon, 7th Earl of Aberdeen(1847–1934) | Politician | 18 September1893 | 12 November1898 | 5 years, 55 days | |||
| Sir Mackenzie Bowell(1894–1896) | |||||||||
| Sir Charles Tupper(1896) | |||||||||
| Sir Wilfrid Laurier(1896–1911) | |||||||||
| 8 | | Gilbert Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 4th Earl of Minto(1845–1914) | Military officer | 12 November1898 | 10 December1904 | 6 years, 28 days | |||
| Edward VII(1901–1910) | |||||||||
| 9 | | Albert Grey, 4th Earl Grey(1851–1917) | Politician | 10 December1904 | 13 October1911 | 6 years, 307 days | |||
| George V(1910–1936) | |||||||||
| Sir Robert Borden(1911–1920) | |||||||||
| 10 | | Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn(1850–1942) | Military officer | 13 October1911 | 11 November1916 | 5 years, 29 days | |||
| 11 | | Victor Cavendish, 9th Duke of Devonshire(1868–1938) | Politician | 11 November1916 | 11 August1921 | 4 years, 273 days | |||
| Arthur Meighen(1920–1921) | |||||||||
| 12 | | Julian Byng, 1st Viscount Byng of Vimy(1862–1935) | Military officer | 11 August1921 | 2 October1926 | 5 years, 52 days | |||
| William Lyon Mackenzie King(1921–1926) | |||||||||
| Arthur Meighen(1926) | |||||||||
| William Lyon Mackenzie King(1926–1930) | |||||||||
| 13 | | Freeman Freeman-Thomas, 1st Marquess of Willingdon(1866–1941) | Politician | 2 October1926 | 4 April1931 | 4 years, 184 days | |||
| Bennett(1930–1935) | |||||||||
| 14 | | Vere Ponsonby, 9th Earl of Bessborough(1880–1956) | Businessman | 4 April1931 | 2 November1935 | 4 years, 212 days | |||
| William Lyon Mackenzie King(1935–1948) | |||||||||
| 15 | | John Buchan, 1st Baron Tweedsmuir(1875–1940) | Author, Politician | 2 November1935 | 11 February1940 | 4 years, 101 days | |||
| Edward VIII(1936) | |||||||||
| George VI(1936–1952) | |||||||||
| 16 | | Alexander Cambridge, 1st Earl of Athlone(1874–1957) | Military officer | 21 June1940 | 12 April1946 | 5 years, 295 days | |||
| 17 | | Harold Alexander, 1st Earl Alexander of Tunis(1891–1969) | Military officer | 12 April1946 | 28 January1952 | 5 years, 300 days | |||
| Louis St. Laurent(1948–1957) | |||||||||
| 18 | | Vincent Massey(1887–1967) | Diplomat | 28 February1952 | 15 September1959 | 7 years, 199 days | Elizabeth II(1952–2022) | ||
| John Diefenbaker(1957–1963) | |||||||||
| 19 | | Georges Vanier(1888–1967) | Military officer,Diplomat | 15 September1959 | 5 March1967 | 7 years, 171 days | |||
| Lester B. Pearson(1963–1968) | |||||||||
| 20 | | Roland Michener(1900–1991) | Politician | 17 April1967 | 14 January1974 | 6 years, 272 days | |||
| Pierre Trudeau(1968–1979) | |||||||||
| 21 | Jules Léger(1913–1980) | Diplomat | 14 January1974 | 22 January1979 | 5 years, 8 days | ||||
| 22 | | Edward Schreyer(born 1935) | Politician | 22 January1979 | 14 May1984 | 5 years, 113 days | |||
| Joe Clark(1979–1980) | |||||||||
| Pierre Trudeau(1980–1984) | |||||||||
| 23 | | Jeanne Sauvé(1922–1993) | Journalist,Politician | 14 May1984 | 29 January1990 | 5 years, 260 days | |||
| John Turner(1984) | |||||||||
References
- A Crown of Maples: Constitutional Monarchy in Canadahttps://www.canada.ca/content/dam/pch/documents/services/royal-symbols-titles/crnMpls-eng.pdf
- "Canada: A Constitutional Monarchy"https://web.archive.org/web/20110509072741/http://www.parl.gc.ca/About/Senate/Monarchy/SenMonarchy_00-e.htm
- Dictionary of Canadian Biographyhttp://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/la_rocque_de_roberval_jean_francois_de_1E.html
- "The Kings and Queens of Canada: The Crown in Canadian History > Henri III (1551–1589)"https://web.archive.org/web/20160128115620/http://canadiancrown.gc.ca/eng/1396027502283
- The Chronicles of Canadahttps://books.google.com/books?id=N1sa7BGgDHQC
- Wrong 2009, p. 35
- Wrong 2009, p. 51
- The Governor General of Canadahttps://www.gg.ca/en/governor-general/former-governors-general/viscount-monck
- The Canadian Encyclopediahttps://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/sir-john-young-baron-lisgar
- The Canadian Encyclopediahttps://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/frederick-temple-blackwood-1st-marquess-of-dufferin-and-ava
- The Canadian Encyclopediahttps://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/john-douglas-sutherland-campbell-marquess-of-lorne
- The Canadian Encyclopediahttps://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/henry-charles-keith-petty-fitzmaurice-5th-marquess-of-lansdowne
- The Canadian Encyclopediahttps://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/frederick-arthur-stanley-baron-stanley-of-preston-16th-earl-of-derby
- The Canadian Encyclopediahttps://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/john-campbell-gordon-1st-marquess-of-aberdeen
- The Canadian Encyclopediahttps://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/gilbert-john-murray-kynynmond-elliot-4th-earl-of-minto
- The Canadian Encyclopediahttps://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/albert-grey-4th-earl-grey
- The Canadian Encyclopediahttps://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/prince-arthur-1st-duke-of-connaught-and-strathearn
- The Canadian Encyclopediahttps://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/victor-cavendish-9th-duke-of-devonshire
- The Canadian Encyclopediahttps://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/julian-byng-1st-viscount-byng-of-vimy
- Governor General of Canadahttps://archive.gg.ca/gg/fgg/bios/01/willingdon_e.asp
- The Canadian Encyclopediahttps://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/vere-brabazon-ponsonby-9th-earl-of-bessborough
- The Canadian Encyclopediahttps://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/john-buchan-1st-baron-tweedsmuir-1
- The Canadian Encyclopediahttps://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/alexander-cambridge-earl-of-athlone
- The Canadian Encyclopediahttps://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/harold-alexander-1st-earl-alexander-of-tunis
- The Canadian Encyclopediahttps://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/massey-charles-vincent
- The Canadian Encyclopediahttps://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/georges-phileas-vanier
- The Canadian Encyclopediahttps://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/daniel-roland-michener
- The Canadian Encyclopediahttps://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/jules-leger
- The Canadian Encyclopediahttps://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/edward-richard-schreyer
- The Canadian Encyclopediahttps://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/jeanne-mathilde-sauve
- The Canadian Encyclopediahttps://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/ramon-john-hnatyshyn
- The Canadian Encyclopediahttps://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/romeo-a-leblanc
- The Canadian Encyclopediahttps://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/adrienne-louise-clarkson
- The Canadian Encyclopediahttps://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/michaelle-jean
- The Canadian Encyclopediahttps://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/david-lloyd-johnston
- ctvnews.cahttps://www.ctvnews.ca/politics/article/incoming-governor-general-julie-payette-drops-attempt-to-seal-us-court-records/
- The Canadian Encyclopediahttps://thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/julie-payette
- ctvnews.cahttps://www.ctvnews.ca/politics/article/incoming-governor-general-julie-payette-drops-attempt-to-seal-us-court-records/
- The Governor General of Canadahttps://www.gg.ca/en/governor-general/former-governors-general
- The Canadian Bar Review
- Grace and Wisdom: Patrick G. Kerwin, Chief Justice of Canada
- The Toronto Starhttps://www.thestar.com/politics/federal/2021/01/21/gov-gen-julie-payette-has-resigned-what-happens-now.html
- Bora Laskin: Bringing Law to Life
- iPoliticshttps://ipolitics.ca/2021/01/22/orders-in-council-and-royal-assents-not-affected-by-ggs-resignation/
- "Canada's top judge is now acting Governor General, but expert urges speedy replacement"https://www.ctvnews.ca/politics/article/canadas-top-judge-is-now-acting-governor-general-but-expert-urges-speedy-replacement/