List of governors general of Canada
Updated: 5/24/2026, 6:53:16 PM Wikipedia source
The following is a list of the governors and governors general of Canada. Though the present-day office of the Governor General of Canada is legislatively covered under the Constitution Act, 1867 and legally constituted by the Letters Patent, 1947, the institution is, along with the institution of the Crown it represents, the oldest continuous and uniquely Canadian institution in Canada, having existed in an unbroken line since the appointment of Samuel de Champlain in 1627.
Tables
· Lieutenant General/Viceroy of New France, 1541–1627
Jean-François Roberval
(c. 1495–1560)
Jean-François Roberval
(c. 1495–1560)
No. → No.
1
Name
(Birth–Death) → Name
(Birth–Death)
Jean-François Roberval
(c. 1495–1560)
Term of office → Took office
1541
Term of office → Left office
1543
Term of office → Duration
1–2 years
Monarch
Reign → Monarch
Reign
Francis I
(1515–1547)
Troilus de Mesqouez
(1536–1606)
Troilus de Mesqouez
(1536–1606)
No. → No.
2
Name
(Birth–Death) → Name
(Birth–Death)
Troilus de Mesqouez
(1536–1606)
Term of office → Took office
1578
Term of office → Left office
unknown
Term of office → Duration
unknown
Monarch
Reign → Monarch
Reign
Henry III
(1574–1589)
Aymar de Chaste
(1514–1603)
Aymar de Chaste
(1514–1603)
No. → No.
3
Name
(Birth–Death) → Name
(Birth–Death)
Aymar de Chaste
(1514–1603)
Term of office → Took office
1602
Term of office → Left office
1603
Term of office → Duration
0–1 years
Henri II, Prince of Condé
(1588–1646)
Henri II, Prince of Condé
(1588–1646)
No. → No.
4
Name
(Birth–Death) → Name
(Birth–Death)
Henri II, Prince of Condé
(1588–1646)
Term of office → Took office
1614
Term of office → Left office
1619
Term of office → Duration
4–5 years
Monarch
Reign → Monarch
Reign
Louis XIII
(1610–1643)
Henri II, Duke of Montmorency
(1595–1632)
Henri II, Duke of Montmorency
(1595–1632)
No. → No.
5
Name
(Birth–Death) → Name
(Birth–Death)
Henri II, Duke of Montmorency
(1595–1632)
Term of office → Took office
1619
Term of office → Left office
1625
Term of office → Duration
5–6 years
Henri de Lévis de Ventadour, Duke of Ventadour
(1596–1651)
Henri de Lévis de Ventadour, Duke of Ventadour
(1596–1651)
No. → No.
6
Name
(Birth–Death) → Name
(Birth–Death)
Henri de Lévis de Ventadour, Duke of Ventadour
(1596–1651)
Term of office → Took office
1625
Term of office → Left office
1627
Term of office → Duration
1–2 years
| No. | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) | Term of office | Monarch Reign | Ref. | ||
| Took office | Left office | Duration | |||||
| 1 | | Jean-François Roberval (c. 1495–1560) | 1541 | 1543 | 1–2 years | Francis I (1515–1547) | |
| 2 | | Troilus de Mesqouez (1536–1606) | 1578 | unknown | unknown | Henry III (1574–1589) | |
| Henry IV (1589–1610) | |||||||
| 3 | | Aymar de Chaste (1514–1603) | 1602 | 1603 | 0–1 years | ||
| 4 | | Henri II, Prince of Condé (1588–1646) | 1614 | 1619 | 4–5 years | Louis XIII (1610–1643) | |
| 5 | | Henri II, Duke of Montmorency (1595–1632) | 1619 | 1625 | 5–6 years | ||
| 6 | | Henri de Lévis de Ventadour, Duke of Ventadour (1596–1651) | 1625 | 1627 | 1–2 years | ||
· Governors of New France, 1627–1663
Samuel de Champlain
(1574–1635)
Samuel de Champlain
(1574–1635)
No. → No.
1
Name
(Birth–Death) → Name
(Birth–Death)
Samuel de Champlain
(1574–1635)
Term of office → Took office
1627
Term of office → Left office
1635
Term of office → Duration
7–8 years
Monarch
Reign → Monarch
Reign
Louis XIII
(1610–1643)
Charles de Montmagny
(c. 1599–1654)
Charles de Montmagny
(c. 1599–1654)
No. → No.
2
Name
(Birth–Death) → Name
(Birth–Death)
Charles de Montmagny
(c. 1599–1654)
Term of office → Took office
1635
Term of office → Left office
1648
Term of office → Duration
12–13 years
Louis d'Ailleboust de Coulonge
(c. 1612–1660)
Louis d'Ailleboust de Coulonge
(c. 1612–1660)
No. → No.
3
Name
(Birth–Death) → Name
(Birth–Death)
Louis d'Ailleboust de Coulonge
(c. 1612–1660)
Term of office → Took office
1648
Term of office → Left office
1651
Term of office → Duration
2–3 years
Jean de Lauson
(1584–1666)
Jean de Lauson
(1584–1666)
No. → No.
4
Name
(Birth–Death) → Name
(Birth–Death)
Jean de Lauson
(1584–1666)
Term of office → Took office
1651
Term of office → Left office
1657
Term of office → Duration
5–6 years
Pierre de Voyer d'Argenson, Vicomte de Mouzay
(c. 1599–1654)
Pierre de Voyer d'Argenson, Vicomte de Mouzay
(c. 1599–1654)
No. → No.
5
Name
(Birth–Death) → Name
(Birth–Death)
Pierre de Voyer d'Argenson, Vicomte de Mouzay
(c. 1599–1654)
Term of office → Took office
1658
Term of office → Left office
1661
Term of office → Duration
2–3 years
Pierre Dubois Davaugour
(1625–1709)
Pierre Dubois Davaugour
(1625–1709)
No. → No.
6
Name
(Birth–Death) → Name
(Birth–Death)
Pierre Dubois Davaugour
(1625–1709)
Term of office → Took office
1661
Term of office → Left office
1663
Term of office → Duration
1–2 years
| No. | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) | Term of office | Monarch Reign | ||
| Took office | Left office | Duration | ||||
| 1 | | Samuel de Champlain (1574–1635) | 1627 | 1635 | 7–8 years | Louis XIII (1610–1643) |
| 2 | | Charles de Montmagny (c. 1599–1654) | 1635 | 1648 | 12–13 years | |
| Louis XIV (1643–1715) | ||||||
| 3 | | Louis d'Ailleboust de Coulonge (c. 1612–1660) | 1648 | 1651 | 2–3 years | |
| 4 | | Jean de Lauson (1584–1666) | 1651 | 1657 | 5–6 years | |
| 5 | | Pierre de Voyer d'Argenson, Vicomte de Mouzay (c. 1599–1654) | 1658 | 1661 | 2–3 years | |
| 6 | | Pierre Dubois Davaugour (1625–1709) | 1661 | 1663 | 1–2 years | |
· Governors general of New France, 1663–1760
Augustin de Saffray de Mésy
(1598–1665)
Augustin de Saffray de Mésy
(1598–1665)
No. → No.
1
Name
(Birth–Death) → Name
(Birth–Death)
Augustin de Saffray de Mésy
(1598–1665)
Term of office → Took office
1663
Term of office → Left office
1665
Term of office → Duration
1–2 years
Monarch
Reign → Monarch
Reign
Louis XIV
(1643–1715)
Daniel de Rémy de Courcelle
(1626–1698)
Daniel de Rémy de Courcelle
(1626–1698)
No. → No.
2
Name
(Birth–Death) → Name
(Birth–Death)
Daniel de Rémy de Courcelle
(1626–1698)
Term of office → Took office
1665
Term of office → Left office
1672
Term of office → Duration
6–7 years
Louis de Buade, Count of Frontenac
(1622–1698)
Louis de Buade, Count of Frontenac
(1622–1698)
No. → No.
3
Name
(Birth–Death) → Name
(Birth–Death)
Louis de Buade, Count of Frontenac
(1622–1698)
Term of office → Took office
1672
Term of office → Left office
1682
Term of office → Duration
9–10 years
Joseph-Antoine le Fèbvre, Sieur of La Barre
(1622–1688)
Joseph-Antoine le Fèbvre, Sieur of La Barre
(1622–1688)
No. → No.
4
Name
(Birth–Death) → Name
(Birth–Death)
Joseph-Antoine le Fèbvre, Sieur of La Barre
(1622–1688)
Term of office → Took office
1682
Term of office → Left office
1685
Term of office → Duration
2–3 years
Jacques-René de Brisay, Marquis de Denonville
(1637–1710)
Jacques-René de Brisay, Marquis de Denonville
(1637–1710)
No. → No.
5
Name
(Birth–Death) → Name
(Birth–Death)
Jacques-René de Brisay, Marquis de Denonville
(1637–1710)
Term of office → Took office
1685
Term of office → Left office
1689
Term of office → Duration
3–4 years
Louis de Buade, Count of Frontenac
(1622–1698)
Louis de Buade, Count of Frontenac
(1622–1698)
No. → No.
(3)
Name
(Birth–Death) → Name
(Birth–Death)
Louis de Buade, Count of Frontenac
(1622–1698)
Term of office → Took office
1689
Term of office → Left office
1698
Term of office → Duration
8–9 years
Louis-Hector de Callière
(1648–1703)
Louis-Hector de Callière
(1648–1703)
No. → No.
6
Name
(Birth–Death) → Name
(Birth–Death)
Louis-Hector de Callière
(1648–1703)
Term of office → Took office
1698
Term of office → Left office
1703
Term of office → Duration
4–5 years
Philippe de Rigaud, Marquis de Vaudreuil
(1643–1725)
Philippe de Rigaud, Marquis de Vaudreuil
(1643–1725)
No. → No.
7
Name
(Birth–Death) → Name
(Birth–Death)
Philippe de Rigaud, Marquis de Vaudreuil
(1643–1725)
Term of office → Took office
1703
Term of office → Left office
1725
Term of office → Duration
21–22 years
Charles de la Boische, Marquis de Beauharnois
(1671–1749)
Charles de la Boische, Marquis de Beauharnois
(1671–1749)
No. → No.
8
Name
(Birth–Death) → Name
(Birth–Death)
Charles de la Boische, Marquis de Beauharnois
(1671–1749)
Term of office → Took office
1725
Term of office → Left office
1747
Term of office → Duration
21–22 years
Roland-Michel Barrin de La Galissonière
(1693–1756)
Roland-Michel Barrin de La Galissonière
(1693–1756)
No. → No.
9
Name
(Birth–Death) → Name
(Birth–Death)
Roland-Michel Barrin de La Galissonière
(1693–1756)
Term of office → Took office
1747
Term of office → Left office
1749
Term of office → Duration
1–2 years
Jacques-Pierre de Taffanel de la Jonquière, Marquis de la Jonquière
(1685–1752)
Jacques-Pierre de Taffanel de la Jonquière, Marquis de la Jonquière
(1685–1752)
No. → No.
10
Name
(Birth–Death) → Name
(Birth–Death)
Jacques-Pierre de Taffanel de la Jonquière, Marquis de la Jonquière
(1685–1752)
Term of office → Took office
1749
Term of office → Left office
1752
Term of office → Duration
2–3 years
Michel-Ange Duquesne de Menneville, Marquess Duquesne
(c. 1700–1778)
Michel-Ange Duquesne de Menneville, Marquess Duquesne
(c. 1700–1778)
No. → No.
11
Name
(Birth–Death) → Name
(Birth–Death)
Michel-Ange Duquesne de Menneville, Marquess Duquesne
(c. 1700–1778)
Term of office → Took office
1752
Term of office → Left office
1755
Term of office → Duration
2–3 years
Pierre de Rigaud, marquis de Vaudreuil-Cavagnial
(1698–1778)
Pierre de Rigaud, marquis de Vaudreuil-Cavagnial
(1698–1778)
No. → No.
12
Name
(Birth–Death) → Name
(Birth–Death)
Pierre de Rigaud, marquis de Vaudreuil-Cavagnial
(1698–1778)
Term of office → Took office
1755
Term of office → Left office
1760
Term of office → Duration
4–5 years
| No. | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) | Term of office | Monarch Reign | ||
| Took office | Left office | Duration | ||||
| 1 | | Augustin de Saffray de Mésy (1598–1665) | 1663 | 1665 | 1–2 years | Louis XIV (1643–1715) |
| 2 | | Daniel de Rémy de Courcelle (1626–1698) | 1665 | 1672 | 6–7 years | |
| 3 | | Louis de Buade, Count of Frontenac (1622–1698) | 1672 | 1682 | 9–10 years | |
| 4 | | Joseph-Antoine le Fèbvre, Sieur of La Barre (1622–1688) | 1682 | 1685 | 2–3 years | |
| 5 | | Jacques-René de Brisay, Marquis de Denonville (1637–1710) | 1685 | 1689 | 3–4 years | |
| (3) | | Louis de Buade, Count of Frontenac (1622–1698) | 1689 | 1698 | 8–9 years | |
| 6 | | Louis-Hector de Callière (1648–1703) | 1698 | 1703 | 4–5 years | |
| 7 | | Philippe de Rigaud, Marquis de Vaudreuil (1643–1725) | 1703 | 1725 | 21–22 years | |
| Louis XV (1715–1774) | ||||||
| 8 | | Charles de la Boische, Marquis de Beauharnois (1671–1749) | 1725 | 1747 | 21–22 years | |
| 9 | | Roland-Michel Barrin de La Galissonière (1693–1756) | 1747 | 1749 | 1–2 years | |
| 10 | | Jacques-Pierre de Taffanel de la Jonquière, Marquis de la Jonquière (1685–1752) | 1749 | 1752 | 2–3 years | |
| 11 | | Michel-Ange Duquesne de Menneville, Marquess Duquesne (c. 1700–1778) | 1752 | 1755 | 2–3 years | |
| 12 | | Pierre de Rigaud, marquis de Vaudreuil-Cavagnial (1698–1778) | 1755 | 1760 | 4–5 years | |
· Governors of the Province of Quebec, 1760–1786
Jeffery Amherst
(1717–1797)
Jeffery Amherst
(1717–1797)
No. → No.
1
Name
(Birth–Death) → Name
(Birth–Death)
Jeffery Amherst
(1717–1797)
Term of office → Took office
1760
Term of office → Left office
1763
Term of office → Duration
2–3 years
Monarch
Reign → Monarch
Reign
George III
(1760–1820)
James Murray
(1721–1794)
James Murray
(1721–1794)
No. → No.
2
Name
(Birth–Death) → Name
(Birth–Death)
James Murray
(1721–1794)
Term of office → Took office
1764
Term of office → Left office
1768
Term of office → Duration
4–5 years
Guy Carleton
KB
(1724–1808)
Guy Carleton
KB
(1724–1808)
No. → No.
3
Name
(Birth–Death) → Name
(Birth–Death)
Guy Carleton
KB
(1724–1808)
Term of office → Took office
1768
Term of office → Left office
1778
Term of office → Duration
9–10 years
Sir Frederick Haldimand
KB
(1724–1808)
Sir Frederick Haldimand
KB
(1724–1808)
No. → No.
4
Name
(Birth–Death) → Name
(Birth–Death)
Sir Frederick Haldimand
KB
(1724–1808)
Term of office → Took office
1778
Term of office → Left office
1786
Term of office → Duration
7–8 years
| No. | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) | Term of office | Monarch Reign | ||
| Took office | Left office | Duration | ||||
| 1 | | Jeffery Amherst (1717–1797) | 1760 | 1763 | 2–3 years | George III (1760–1820) |
| 2 | | James Murray (1721–1794) | 1764 | 1768 | 4–5 years | |
| 3 | | Guy Carleton KB (1724–1808) | 1768 | 1778 | 9–10 years | |
| 4 | | Sir Frederick Haldimand KB (1724–1808) | 1778 | 1786 | 7–8 years | |
· Governors general of the Canadas/British North America, 1786–1841
Guy Carleton, 1st Baron Dorchester
KB
(1724–1808)
Guy Carleton, 1st Baron Dorchester
KB
(1724–1808)
No. → No.
1
Name
(Birth–Death) → Name
(Birth–Death)
Guy Carleton, 1st Baron Dorchester
KB
(1724–1808)
Term of office → Took office
1786
Term of office → Left office
1796
Term of office → Duration
9–10 years
Monarch
Reign → Monarch
Reign
George III
(1760–1820)
Robert Prescott
(c. 1726–1815)
Robert Prescott
(c. 1726–1815)
No. → No.
2
Name
(Birth–Death) → Name
(Birth–Death)
Robert Prescott
(c. 1726–1815)
Term of office → Took office
1796
Term of office → Left office
1799
Term of office → Duration
2–3 years
Sir Robert Milnes, 1st Baronet
(1754–1837)
Sir Robert Milnes, 1st Baronet
(1754–1837)
No. → No.
3
Name
(Birth–Death) → Name
(Birth–Death)
Sir Robert Milnes, 1st Baronet
(1754–1837)
Term of office → Took office
1799
Term of office → Left office
1805
Term of office → Duration
5–6 years
Thomas Dunn
(1729–1818)
Thomas Dunn
(1729–1818)
No. → No.
4
Name
(Birth–Death) → Name
(Birth–Death)
Thomas Dunn
(1729–1818)
Term of office → Took office
1805
Term of office → Left office
1807
Term of office → Duration
1–2 years
Sir James Henry Craig
KB
(1748–1812)
Sir James Henry Craig
KB
(1748–1812)
No. → No.
5
Name
(Birth–Death) → Name
(Birth–Death)
Sir James Henry Craig
KB
(1748–1812)
Term of office → Took office
1807
Term of office → Left office
1811
Term of office → Duration
3–4 years
Sir George Prevost, 1st Baronet
(1767–1816)
Sir George Prevost, 1st Baronet
(1767–1816)
No. → No.
6
Name
(Birth–Death) → Name
(Birth–Death)
Sir George Prevost, 1st Baronet
(1767–1816)
Term of office → Took office
1811
Term of office → Left office
1815
Term of office → Duration
3–4 years
Sir Gordon Drummond
(1772–1854)
Sir Gordon Drummond
(1772–1854)
No. → No.
7
Name
(Birth–Death) → Name
(Birth–Death)
Sir Gordon Drummond
(1772–1854)
Term of office → Took office
1815
Term of office → Left office
1816
Term of office → Duration
0–1 years
Sir John Coape Sherbrooke
(1764–1830)
Sir John Coape Sherbrooke
(1764–1830)
No. → No.
8
Name
(Birth–Death) → Name
(Birth–Death)
Sir John Coape Sherbrooke
(1764–1830)
Term of office → Took office
1816
Term of office → Left office
1818
Term of office → Duration
1–2 years
Charles Lennox, 4th Duke of Richmond
KG, PC
(1764–1819)
Charles Lennox, 4th Duke of Richmond
KG, PC
(1764–1819)
No. → No.
9
Name
(Birth–Death) → Name
(Birth–Death)
Charles Lennox, 4th Duke of Richmond
KG, PC
(1764–1819)
Term of office → Took office
1818
Term of office → Left office
1819
Term of office → Duration
0–1 years
George Ramsay, 9th Earl of Dalhousie
GCB
(1770–1838)
George Ramsay, 9th Earl of Dalhousie
GCB
(1770–1838)
No. → No.
10
Name
(Birth–Death) → Name
(Birth–Death)
George Ramsay, 9th Earl of Dalhousie
GCB
(1770–1838)
Term of office → Took office
1820
Term of office → Left office
1828
Term of office → Duration
7–8 years
Monarch
Reign → Monarch
Reign
George IV
(1820–1830)
Sir James Kempt
GCB
(c. 1765–1854)
Sir James Kempt
GCB
(c. 1765–1854)
No. → No.
11
Name
(Birth–Death) → Name
(Birth–Death)
Sir James Kempt
GCB
(c. 1765–1854)
Term of office → Took office
1828
Term of office → Left office
1830
Term of office → Duration
1–2 years
Matthew Whitworth-Aylmer, 5th Baron Aylmer
(1775–1850)
Matthew Whitworth-Aylmer, 5th Baron Aylmer
(1775–1850)
No. → No.
12
Name
(Birth–Death) → Name
(Birth–Death)
Matthew Whitworth-Aylmer, 5th Baron Aylmer
(1775–1850)
Term of office → Took office
1830
Term of office → Left office
1835
Term of office → Duration
4–5 years
Monarch
Reign → Monarch
Reign
William IV
(1830–1837)
Archibald Acheson, 2nd Earl of Gosford
GCB
(1776–1849)
Archibald Acheson, 2nd Earl of Gosford
GCB
(1776–1849)
No. → No.
13
Name
(Birth–Death) → Name
(Birth–Death)
Archibald Acheson, 2nd Earl of Gosford
GCB
(1776–1849)
Term of office → Took office
1835
Term of office → Left office
1837
Term of office → Duration
1–2 years
Sir John Colborne
(1778–1863)
Sir John Colborne
(1778–1863)
No. → No.
14
Name
(Birth–Death) → Name
(Birth–Death)
Sir John Colborne
(1778–1863)
Term of office → Took office
1837
Term of office → Left office
1838
Term of office → Duration
0–1 years
Monarch
Reign → Monarch
Reign
Victoria
(1837–1901)
John Lambton, 1st Earl of Durham
(1792–1840)
John Lambton, 1st Earl of Durham
(1792–1840)
No. → No.
15
Name
(Birth–Death) → Name
(Birth–Death)
John Lambton, 1st Earl of Durham
(1792–1840)
Term of office → Took office
1838
Term of office → Left office
1839
Term of office → Duration
0–1 years
Charles Poulett Thomson, 1st Baron Sydenham
PC
(1799–1841)
Charles Poulett Thomson, 1st Baron Sydenham
PC
(1799–1841)
No. → No.
16
Name
(Birth–Death) → Name
(Birth–Death)
Charles Poulett Thomson, 1st Baron Sydenham
PC
(1799–1841)
Term of office → Took office
1839
Term of office → Left office
1841
Term of office → Duration
1–2 years
| No. | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) | Term of office | Monarch Reign | ||
| Took office | Left office | Duration | ||||
| 1 | | Guy Carleton, 1st Baron Dorchester KB (1724–1808) | 1786 | 1796 | 9–10 years | George III (1760–1820) |
| 2 | | Robert Prescott (c. 1726–1815) | 1796 | 1799 | 2–3 years | |
| 3 | | Sir Robert Milnes, 1st Baronet (1754–1837) | 1799 | 1805 | 5–6 years | |
| 4 | | Thomas Dunn (1729–1818) | 1805 | 1807 | 1–2 years | |
| 5 | | Sir James Henry Craig KB (1748–1812) | 1807 | 1811 | 3–4 years | |
| 6 | | Sir George Prevost, 1st Baronet (1767–1816) | 1811 | 1815 | 3–4 years | |
| 7 | | Sir Gordon Drummond (1772–1854) | 1815 | 1816 | 0–1 years | |
| 8 | | Sir John Coape Sherbrooke (1764–1830) | 1816 | 1818 | 1–2 years | |
| 9 | | Charles Lennox, 4th Duke of Richmond KG, PC (1764–1819) | 1818 | 1819 | 0–1 years | |
| 10 | | George Ramsay, 9th Earl of Dalhousie GCB (1770–1838) | 1820 | 1828 | 7–8 years | George IV (1820–1830) |
| 11 | | Sir James Kempt GCB (c. 1765–1854) | 1828 | 1830 | 1–2 years | |
| 12 | | Matthew Whitworth-Aylmer, 5th Baron Aylmer (1775–1850) | 1830 | 1835 | 4–5 years | William IV (1830–1837) |
| 13 | | Archibald Acheson, 2nd Earl of Gosford GCB (1776–1849) | 1835 | 1837 | 1–2 years | |
| 14 | | Sir John Colborne (1778–1863) | 1837 | 1838 | 0–1 years | Victoria (1837–1901) |
| 15 | | John Lambton, 1st Earl of Durham (1792–1840) | 1838 | 1839 | 0–1 years | |
| 16 | | Charles Poulett Thomson, 1st Baron Sydenham PC (1799–1841) | 1839 | 1841 | 1–2 years | |
References
- A Crown of Maples: Constitutional Monarchy in Canadahttps://www.canada.ca/content/dam/pch/documents/services/royal-symbols-titles/crnMpls-eng.pdf
- "Canada: A Constitutional Monarchy"https://web.archive.org/web/20110509072741/http://www.parl.gc.ca/About/Senate/Monarchy/SenMonarchy_00-e.htm
- Dictionary of Canadian Biographyhttp://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/la_rocque_de_roberval_jean_francois_de_1E.html
- "The Kings and Queens of Canada: The Crown in Canadian History > Henri III (1551–1589)"https://web.archive.org/web/20160128115620/http://canadiancrown.gc.ca/eng/1396027502283
- The Chronicles of Canadahttps://books.google.com/books?id=N1sa7BGgDHQC
- Wrong 2009, p. 35
- Wrong 2009, p. 51
- The Governor General of Canadahttps://www.gg.ca/en/governor-general/former-governors-general/viscount-monck
- The Canadian Encyclopediahttps://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/sir-john-young-baron-lisgar
- The Canadian Encyclopediahttps://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/frederick-temple-blackwood-1st-marquess-of-dufferin-and-ava
- The Canadian Encyclopediahttps://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/john-douglas-sutherland-campbell-marquess-of-lorne
- The Canadian Encyclopediahttps://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/henry-charles-keith-petty-fitzmaurice-5th-marquess-of-lansdowne
- The Canadian Encyclopediahttps://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/frederick-arthur-stanley-baron-stanley-of-preston-16th-earl-of-derby
- The Canadian Encyclopediahttps://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/john-campbell-gordon-1st-marquess-of-aberdeen
- The Canadian Encyclopediahttps://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/gilbert-john-murray-kynynmond-elliot-4th-earl-of-minto
- The Canadian Encyclopediahttps://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/albert-grey-4th-earl-grey
- The Canadian Encyclopediahttps://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/prince-arthur-1st-duke-of-connaught-and-strathearn
- The Canadian Encyclopediahttps://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/victor-cavendish-9th-duke-of-devonshire
- The Canadian Encyclopediahttps://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/julian-byng-1st-viscount-byng-of-vimy
- Governor General of Canadahttps://archive.gg.ca/gg/fgg/bios/01/willingdon_e.asp