List of genocides
Updated: 5/20/2026, 7:40:03 PM Wikipedia source
This list includes all events which have been classified as genocide by significant scholarship. As there are varying definitions of genocide, this list includes events around which there is ongoing scholarly debate over their classification as genocide and is not a list of only events which have a scholarly consensus to recognize them as genocide. This list excludes mass killings which have not been explicitly defined as genocidal. According to the Genocide Convention, genocides have happened in all historical periods.
Tables
List of genocides in reverse chronological order · List
From
From
Event
From
Location
To
Period
Lowest
Period
Highest
Description
Description
Event
Description
Location
Proportion of group killed
Gaza genocide
Gaza genocide
Event
Gaza genocide
Location
Israeli-occupied Gaza Strip, Palestine
Period
2023
Period
Present
Estimated killings
70,369
Estimated killings
335,500
The Gaza genocide is the ongoing systematic destruction of the Palestinian people in the Gaza Strip by Israel during the Gaza war, carried out with the intent to destroy Gaza's population in whole or in part through extermination, starvation, bombing, blockade, and invasion. Other genocidal acts include destroying civilian infrastructure, killing h
The Gaza genocide is the ongoing systematic destruction of the Palestinian people in the Gaza Strip by Israel during the Gaza war, carried out with the intent to destroy Gaza's population in whole or in part through extermination, starvation, bombing, blockade, and invasion. Other genocidal acts include destroying civilian infrastructure, killing h
Event
The Gaza genocide is the ongoing systematic destruction of the Palestinian people in the Gaza Strip by Israel during the Gaza war, carried out with the intent to destroy Gaza's population in whole or in part through extermination, starvation, bombing, blockade, and invasion. Other genocidal acts include destroying civilian infrastructure, killing h
Location
More than 10,000 presumed dead under rubble
Blockade of Nagorno-Karabakh and expulsion of Nagorno-Karabakh Armenians
Blockade of Nagorno-Karabakh and expulsion of Nagorno-Karabakh Armenians
Event
Blockade of Nagorno-Karabakh and expulsion of Nagorno-Karabakh Armenians
Location
Nagorno-Karabakh, Azerbaijan
Period
2022
Period
2023
Azerbaijan's blockade and ethnic cleansing of Armenian people through repeated military offensives in Nagorno-Karabakh has been characterized as a genocide in multiple sources.
Azerbaijan's blockade and ethnic cleansing of Armenian people through repeated military offensives in Nagorno-Karabakh has been characterized as a genocide in multiple sources.
Event
Azerbaijan's blockade and ethnic cleansing of Armenian people through repeated military offensives in Nagorno-Karabakh has been characterized as a genocide in multiple sources.
Location
99 % of Armenians were expelled from Nagorno-Karabakh to Armenia, fleeing through the military checkpoint on the Lachin corridor.
Rohingya genocide
Rohingya genocide
Event
Rohingya genocide
Location
Rakhine State, Myanmar
Period
2016
Period
Present
Estimated killings
9,000–13,700
Estimated killings
43,000
The Rohingya genocide is a series of ongoing persecutions and killings of the Muslim Rohingya people by the military of Myanmar. The genocide has consisted of two phases to date: the first was a military crackdown that occurred from October 2016 to January 2017, and the second has been occurring since August 2017.
The crisis forced over a million R
The Rohingya genocide is a series of ongoing persecutions and killings of the Muslim Rohingya people by the military of Myanmar. The genocide has consisted of two phases to date: the first was a military crackdown that occurred from October 2016 to January 2017, and the second has been occurring since August 2017.
The crisis forced over a million R
Event
The Rohingya genocide is a series of ongoing persecutions and killings of the Muslim Rohingya people by the military of Myanmar. The genocide has consisted of two phases to date: the first was a military crackdown that occurred from October 2016 to January 2017, and the second has been occurring since August 2017.
The crisis forced over a million R
Location
Before the 2015 refugee crisis, the Rohingya population in Myanmar was around 1 to 1 million. Since 2015, over 900,000 Rohingya refugees have fled to southeastern Bangladesh alone, and more to other surrounding countries. More than 100,000 Rohingyas in Myanmar are confined in camps for internally displaced persons.
Persecution of Uyghurs in China
Persecution of Uyghurs in China
Event
Persecution of Uyghurs in China
Location
Xinjiang, China
Period
2016
Period
Present
Widespread human rights violations by the Chinese Communist Party against the Uyghur people (a Turkic ethnic group) and other Muslim minorities have often been characterized as genocide. There have been reports of mass arbitrary arrests and detention, torture, mass surveillance, cultural and religious persecution, family separation, forced labour,
Widespread human rights violations by the Chinese Communist Party against the Uyghur people (a Turkic ethnic group) and other Muslim minorities have often been characterized as genocide. There have been reports of mass arbitrary arrests and detention, torture, mass surveillance, cultural and religious persecution, family separation, forced labour,
Event
Widespread human rights violations by the Chinese Communist Party against the Uyghur people (a Turkic ethnic group) and other Muslim minorities have often been characterized as genocide. There have been reports of mass arbitrary arrests and detention, torture, mass surveillance, cultural and religious persecution, family separation, forced labour,
Location
Birth rates among Uyghurs had fallen by 24% as of 2020 due to Chinese policies.
Ukrainian genocide
Ukrainian genocide
Event
Ukrainian genocide
Location
Ukraine (including Russian-occupied Ukraine)
Period
2014
Period
Present
Estimated killings
18,000
Estimated killings
50,000
Several genocide scholars, commentators, legal experts, human rights organizations and the national parliaments of several countries have declared that Russian war crimes and crimes against humanity committed against Ukrainian civilians during the Russo-Ukrainian war, including mass killings, deliberate attacks on shelters, evacuation routes, and h
Several genocide scholars, commentators, legal experts, human rights organizations and the national parliaments of several countries have declared that Russian war crimes and crimes against humanity committed against Ukrainian civilians during the Russo-Ukrainian war, including mass killings, deliberate attacks on shelters, evacuation routes, and h
Event
Several genocide scholars, commentators, legal experts, human rights organizations and the national parliaments of several countries have declared that Russian war crimes and crimes against humanity committed against Ukrainian civilians during the Russo-Ukrainian war, including mass killings, deliberate attacks on shelters, evacuation routes, and h
Location
Also includes the unlawful deportation and transfer of over 307,000 Ukrainian children into Russia.
Yazidi genocide
Yazidi genocide
Event
Yazidi genocide
Location
Iraq and Syria (within Islamic State territory)
Period
2014
Period
2017
Estimated killings
2,100
Estimated killings
5,000
The Yazidi genocide was perpetrated by the Islamic State throughout Iraq and Syria between 2014 and 2017. It was characterized by massacres, genocidal rape, and forced conversions to Islam. Over a period of three years, Islamic State militants trafficked thousands of Yazidi women and girls and killed thousands of Yazidi men. The United Nations' Com
The Yazidi genocide was perpetrated by the Islamic State throughout Iraq and Syria between 2014 and 2017. It was characterized by massacres, genocidal rape, and forced conversions to Islam. Over a period of three years, Islamic State militants trafficked thousands of Yazidi women and girls and killed thousands of Yazidi men. The United Nations' Com
Event
The Yazidi genocide was perpetrated by the Islamic State throughout Iraq and Syria between 2014 and 2017. It was characterized by massacres, genocidal rape, and forced conversions to Islam. Over a period of three years, Islamic State militants trafficked thousands of Yazidi women and girls and killed thousands of Yazidi men. The United Nations' Com
Location
A study found 3,100 killed and 6,800 were kidnapped, amounting to 2 % of Yazidis being either killed or kidnapped.
By 2015, upwards of 71% of the global Yazidi population was displaced by the genocide, with most Yazidi refugees having fled to Iraq's Kurdistan Region and Syria's Rojava.
Darfur genocide (2003–2005)
Darfur genocide (2003–2005)
Event
Darfur genocide (2003–2005)
Location
Darfur, Sudan
Period
2003
Period
2005
Estimated killings
98,000
Estimated killings
500,000
The Darfur genocide is the systematic killing of ethnic Darfuri people which has occurred during the war in Darfur. The genocide, which is being carried out against the Fur, Masalit and Zaghawa ethnic groups, has led the International Criminal Court to indict several people for crimes against humanity, rape, forced transfer and torture. This includ
The Darfur genocide is the systematic killing of ethnic Darfuri people which has occurred during the war in Darfur. The genocide, which is being carried out against the Fur, Masalit and Zaghawa ethnic groups, has led the International Criminal Court to indict several people for crimes against humanity, rape, forced transfer and torture. This includ
Event
The Darfur genocide is the systematic killing of ethnic Darfuri people which has occurred during the war in Darfur. The genocide, which is being carried out against the Fur, Masalit and Zaghawa ethnic groups, has led the International Criminal Court to indict several people for crimes against humanity, rape, forced transfer and torture. This includ
Effacer le tableau
Effacer le tableau
Event
Effacer le tableau
Location
North Kivu, Democratic Republic of the Congo
Period
2002
Period
2003
Estimated killings
60,000
Estimated killings
70,000
Effacer le tableau ("erasing the board") was the operational name given to the systematic extermination of the Bambuti pygmies by rebel forces in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). The primary objective of Effacer le tableau was the territorial conquest of the North Kivu province of the DRC and ethnic cleansing of Pygmies from the Congo's
Effacer le tableau ("erasing the board") was the operational name given to the systematic extermination of the Bambuti pygmies by rebel forces in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). The primary objective of Effacer le tableau was the territorial conquest of the North Kivu province of the DRC and ethnic cleansing of Pygmies from the Congo's
Event
Effacer le tableau ("erasing the board") was the operational name given to the systematic extermination of the Bambuti pygmies by rebel forces in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). The primary objective of Effacer le tableau was the territorial conquest of the North Kivu province of the DRC and ethnic cleansing of Pygmies from the Congo's
Location
40% of the Eastern Congo's Pygmy population killed
Massacres of Hutus during the First Congo War
Massacres of Hutus during the First Congo War
Event
Massacres of Hutus during the First Congo War
Location
Kivu, Zaire
Period
1996
Period
1997
Estimated killings
200,000
Estimated killings
233,000
During the First Congo War, troops of the Rwanda-backed Alliance des Forces Démocratiques pour la Libération du Congo-Zaïre (AFDL) conducted mass killings of Rwandan, Congolese, and Burundian Hutu men, women, and children in villages and refugee camps in eastern Zaire (now named the Democratic Republic of the Congo). Elements of the AFDL and the Rw
During the First Congo War, troops of the Rwanda-backed Alliance des Forces Démocratiques pour la Libération du Congo-Zaïre (AFDL) conducted mass killings of Rwandan, Congolese, and Burundian Hutu men, women, and children in villages and refugee camps in eastern Zaire (now named the Democratic Republic of the Congo). Elements of the AFDL and the Rw
Event
During the First Congo War, troops of the Rwanda-backed Alliance des Forces Démocratiques pour la Libération du Congo-Zaïre (AFDL) conducted mass killings of Rwandan, Congolese, and Burundian Hutu men, women, and children in villages and refugee camps in eastern Zaire (now named the Democratic Republic of the Congo). Elements of the AFDL and the Rw
Rwandan genocide
Rwandan genocide
Event
Rwandan genocide
Location
Rwanda
Period
1994
Period
491,000
Estimated killings
800,000
The Rwandan genocide, also known as the genocide against the Tutsi, occurred between 7 April and 19 July 1994 during the Rwandan Civil War. During this period of around 100 days, members of the Tutsi minority ethnic group, as well as some moderate Hutu and Twa, were killed by armed Hutu militias. Although the Constitution of Rwanda states that more
The Rwandan genocide, also known as the genocide against the Tutsi, occurred between 7 April and 19 July 1994 during the Rwandan Civil War. During this period of around 100 days, members of the Tutsi minority ethnic group, as well as some moderate Hutu and Twa, were killed by armed Hutu militias. Although the Constitution of Rwanda states that more
Event
The Rwandan genocide, also known as the genocide against the Tutsi, occurred between 7 April and 19 July 1994 during the Rwandan Civil War. During this period of around 100 days, members of the Tutsi minority ethnic group, as well as some moderate Hutu and Twa, were killed by armed Hutu militias. Although the Constitution of Rwanda states that more
Location
60–70% of Tutsis in Rwanda killed
7% of Rwanda's total population killed
Bosnian genocide
Bosnian genocide
Event
Bosnian genocide
Location
Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Period
1992
Period
1995
Estimated killings
31,107
Estimated killings
62,013
The Bosnian genocide comprised localized massacres, including those in Srebrenica and Žepa, committed by Bosnian Serb forces in 1995, as well as the scattered ethnic cleansing campaign throughout areas controlled by the Army of Republika Srpska during the 1992–1995 Bosnian War. On 31 March 2010, the Serbian Parliament passed a resolution condemning
The Bosnian genocide comprised localized massacres, including those in Srebrenica and Žepa, committed by Bosnian Serb forces in 1995, as well as the scattered ethnic cleansing campaign throughout areas controlled by the Army of Republika Srpska during the 1992–1995 Bosnian War. On 31 March 2010, the Serbian Parliament passed a resolution condemning
Event
The Bosnian genocide comprised localized massacres, including those in Srebrenica and Žepa, committed by Bosnian Serb forces in 1995, as well as the scattered ethnic cleansing campaign throughout areas controlled by the Army of Republika Srpska during the 1992–1995 Bosnian War. On 31 March 2010, the Serbian Parliament passed a resolution condemning
Location
More than 3% of the Bosniak population of Bosnia and Herzegovina died during the Bosnian War.
Isaaq genocide
Isaaq genocide
Event
Isaaq genocide
Location
Republic of Somaliland, Somali Democratic Republic
Period
1987
Period
1989
Estimated killings
50,000
Estimated killings
200,000
The Genocide of Isaaqs was the systematic, state-sponsored massacre of Isaaq civilians between 1988 and 1991 by the Somali Democratic Republic under the dictatorship of Siad Barre. This included the levelling and complete destruction of the second- and third-largest cities in Somalia, Hargeisa (90 per cent destroyed) and Burao (70 per cent destroye
The Genocide of Isaaqs was the systematic, state-sponsored massacre of Isaaq civilians between 1988 and 1991 by the Somali Democratic Republic under the dictatorship of Siad Barre. This included the levelling and complete destruction of the second- and third-largest cities in Somalia, Hargeisa (90 per cent destroyed) and Burao (70 per cent destroye
Event
The Genocide of Isaaqs was the systematic, state-sponsored massacre of Isaaq civilians between 1988 and 1991 by the Somali Democratic Republic under the dictatorship of Siad Barre. This included the levelling and complete destruction of the second- and third-largest cities in Somalia, Hargeisa (90 per cent destroyed) and Burao (70 per cent destroye
Anfal campaign
Anfal campaign
Event
Anfal campaign
Location
Kurdistan, Iraqi Republic
Period
1986
Period
1989
Estimated killings
50,000
Estimated killings
182,000
The Anfal campaign was a counterinsurgency operation which was carried out by Ba'athist Iraq from February to September 1988 during the Iraqi–Kurdish conflict at the end of the Iran–Iraq War. The campaign targeted rural Kurds because its purpose was to eliminate Kurdish rebel groups and Arabize strategic parts of the Kirkuk Governorate. The Iraqis
The Anfal campaign was a counterinsurgency operation which was carried out by Ba'athist Iraq from February to September 1988 during the Iraqi–Kurdish conflict at the end of the Iran–Iraq War. The campaign targeted rural Kurds because its purpose was to eliminate Kurdish rebel groups and Arabize strategic parts of the Kirkuk Governorate. The Iraqis
Event
The Anfal campaign was a counterinsurgency operation which was carried out by Ba'athist Iraq from February to September 1988 during the Iraqi–Kurdish conflict at the end of the Iran–Iraq War. The campaign targeted rural Kurds because its purpose was to eliminate Kurdish rebel groups and Arabize strategic parts of the Kirkuk Governorate. The Iraqis
Sabra and Shatila massacre
Sabra and Shatila massacre
Event
Sabra and Shatila massacre
Location
Beirut, Lebanon
Period
1982
Period
460
Estimated killings
3,500
The Sabra and Shatila massacre was the 16–18 September 1982 killings of civilians—mostly Palestinians and Lebanese Shias—in the city of Beirut during the Lebanese Civil War. It was perpetrated by the Lebanese Forces, one of the main Christian militias in Lebanon, and supported by the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) that had surrounded Beirut's Sabra ne
The Sabra and Shatila massacre was the 16–18 September 1982 killings of civilians—mostly Palestinians and Lebanese Shias—in the city of Beirut during the Lebanese Civil War. It was perpetrated by the Lebanese Forces, one of the main Christian militias in Lebanon, and supported by the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) that had surrounded Beirut's Sabra ne
Event
The Sabra and Shatila massacre was the 16–18 September 1982 killings of civilians—mostly Palestinians and Lebanese Shias—in the city of Beirut during the Lebanese Civil War. It was perpetrated by the Lebanese Forces, one of the main Christian militias in Lebanon, and supported by the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) that had surrounded Beirut's Sabra ne
Cambodian genocide
Cambodian genocide
Event
Cambodian genocide
Location
Democratic Kampuchea (Cambodia)
Period
1975
Period
1979
Estimated killings
1,386,734
Estimated killings
3,000,000
The Cambodian genocide was the systematic persecution and killing of Cambodian citizens by the Khmer Rouge, led by Pol Pot. The Khmer Rouge emptied the cities and forced Cambodians to relocate to labour camps in the countryside, where mass executions, forced labour, physical abuse, malnutrition, and disease were rampant. Up to 20,000 mass graves, t
The Cambodian genocide was the systematic persecution and killing of Cambodian citizens by the Khmer Rouge, led by Pol Pot. The Khmer Rouge emptied the cities and forced Cambodians to relocate to labour camps in the countryside, where mass executions, forced labour, physical abuse, malnutrition, and disease were rampant. Up to 20,000 mass graves, t
Event
The Cambodian genocide was the systematic persecution and killing of Cambodian citizens by the Khmer Rouge, led by Pol Pot. The Khmer Rouge emptied the cities and forced Cambodians to relocate to labour camps in the countryside, where mass executions, forced labour, physical abuse, malnutrition, and disease were rampant. Up to 20,000 mass graves, t
Location
15–33% of total population of Cambodia killed, including 99% of Cambodian Viets, 50% of Cambodian Chinese and Cham, 40% of Cambodian Lao and Thai, 25% of Urban Khmer, 16% of Rural Khmer
East Timor genocide
East Timor genocide
Event
East Timor genocide
Location
East Timor, Indonesia (modern day Timor-Leste)
Period
1974
Period
1999
Estimated killings
85,320
Estimated killings
196,720
The East Timor genocide refers to the "pacification campaigns" of state terrorism which were waged by the Indonesian New Order government during the Indonesian invasion and occupation of East Timor. Genocide scholars at Oxford University and Yale University acknowledge the Indonesian occupation of East Timor as genocide. The truth commission held I
The East Timor genocide refers to the "pacification campaigns" of state terrorism which were waged by the Indonesian New Order government during the Indonesian invasion and occupation of East Timor. Genocide scholars at Oxford University and Yale University acknowledge the Indonesian occupation of East Timor as genocide. The truth commission held I
Event
The East Timor genocide refers to the "pacification campaigns" of state terrorism which were waged by the Indonesian New Order government during the Indonesian invasion and occupation of East Timor. Genocide scholars at Oxford University and Yale University acknowledge the Indonesian occupation of East Timor as genocide. The truth commission held I
Location
13% to 44% of East Timor's total population killed
(See death toll of East Timor genocide)
Bangladesh genocide
Bangladesh genocide
Event
Bangladesh genocide
Location
East Pakistan (now Bangladesh)
Period
1971
Period
300,000
Estimated killings
3,000,000
The Bangladesh genocide was the ethnic cleansing of Bengalis, especially Bengali Hindus, residing in East Pakistan (now Bangladesh) during the Bangladesh Liberation War, perpetrated by the Pakistan Armed Forces and the Razakars. It began as Operation Searchlight was launched by West Pakistan (now Pakistan) to militarily subdue the Bengali populatio
The Bangladesh genocide was the ethnic cleansing of Bengalis, especially Bengali Hindus, residing in East Pakistan (now Bangladesh) during the Bangladesh Liberation War, perpetrated by the Pakistan Armed Forces and the Razakars. It began as Operation Searchlight was launched by West Pakistan (now Pakistan) to militarily subdue the Bengali populatio
Event
The Bangladesh genocide was the ethnic cleansing of Bengalis, especially Bengali Hindus, residing in East Pakistan (now Bangladesh) during the Bangladesh Liberation War, perpetrated by the Pakistan Armed Forces and the Razakars. It began as Operation Searchlight was launched by West Pakistan (now Pakistan) to militarily subdue the Bengali populatio
Location
4% of the population of East Pakistan
Nigerian Civil War, particularly the blockade of Biafra
Nigerian Civil War, particularly the blockade of Biafra
Event
Nigerian Civil War, particularly the blockade of Biafra
Location
Biafra
Period
1967
Period
1970
Estimated killings
1,000,000
Estimated killings
More than 1,000,000
Biafra attracted a large amount of international attention from mid-1968, when images of starving Biafran children began to appear in the international press. Biafran propaganda compared Igbo to Jews and the blockade of Biafra to the Holocaust. Initially, international public opinion was sympathetic to Biafran claims, but shifted after the United K
Biafra attracted a large amount of international attention from mid-1968, when images of starving Biafran children began to appear in the international press. Biafran propaganda compared Igbo to Jews and the blockade of Biafra to the Holocaust. Initially, international public opinion was sympathetic to Biafran claims, but shifted after the United K
Event
Biafra attracted a large amount of international attention from mid-1968, when images of starving Biafran children began to appear in the international press. Biafran propaganda compared Igbo to Jews and the blockade of Biafra to the Holocaust. Initially, international public opinion was sympathetic to Biafran claims, but shifted after the United K
Location
Most of the war casualties were civilians particularly children, who were especially vulnerable to malnutrition.
Maya genocide
Maya genocide
Event
Maya genocide
Location
Guatemala
Period
1962
Period
1996
Estimated killings
166,000
Estimated killings
166,000
The Guatemalan genocide was the massacre of Maya civilians during the Guatemalan Civil War (1960–1996) by successive US-backed Guatemalan military governments. Massacres, forced disappearances, torture and summary executions of guerrillas and especially civilians at the hands of security forces had been widespread since 1965, and was a longstanding
The Guatemalan genocide was the massacre of Maya civilians during the Guatemalan Civil War (1960–1996) by successive US-backed Guatemalan military governments. Massacres, forced disappearances, torture and summary executions of guerrillas and especially civilians at the hands of security forces had been widespread since 1965, and was a longstanding
Event
The Guatemalan genocide was the massacre of Maya civilians during the Guatemalan Civil War (1960–1996) by successive US-backed Guatemalan military governments. Massacres, forced disappearances, torture and summary executions of guerrillas and especially civilians at the hands of security forces had been widespread since 1965, and was a longstanding
Location
40% of the Maya population (24,000 people) of Guatemala's Ixil and Rabinal regions were killed
Tamil genocide
Tamil genocide
Event
Tamil genocide
Location
Sri Lanka
Period
1956
Period
2009
Estimated killings
154,022
Estimated killings
253,818
The Tamil genocide refers to the various systematic acts of physical violence and cultural destruction committed against the Tamil population in Sri Lanka during the Sinhala–Tamil ethnic conflict beginning in 1956, particularly during the Sri Lankan civil war. Various commenters have accused the Sri Lankan state of responsibility for and complicity
The Tamil genocide refers to the various systematic acts of physical violence and cultural destruction committed against the Tamil population in Sri Lanka during the Sinhala–Tamil ethnic conflict beginning in 1956, particularly during the Sri Lankan civil war. Various commenters have accused the Sri Lankan state of responsibility for and complicity
Event
The Tamil genocide refers to the various systematic acts of physical violence and cultural destruction committed against the Tamil population in Sri Lanka during the Sinhala–Tamil ethnic conflict beginning in 1956, particularly during the Sri Lankan civil war. Various commenters have accused the Sri Lankan state of responsibility for and complicity
Population transfer in the Soviet Union
Population transfer in the Soviet Union
Event
Population transfer in the Soviet Union
Location
Soviet Union
Period
1941
Period
1949
Estimated killings
800,000
Estimated killings
1,500,000.
Shortly before, during and immediately after World War II, the Soviet Union conducted a series of deportations on a huge scale. It is estimated that between 1941 and 1949 nearly 3 million people from different ethnic groups were deported to Siberia and the Central Asian republics. Many deportees died during the journey or due to the harsh climate
Shortly before, during and immediately after World War II, the Soviet Union conducted a series of deportations on a huge scale. It is estimated that between 1941 and 1949 nearly 3 million people from different ethnic groups were deported to Siberia and the Central Asian republics. Many deportees died during the journey or due to the harsh climate
Event
Shortly before, during and immediately after World War II, the Soviet Union conducted a series of deportations on a huge scale. It is estimated that between 1941 and 1949 nearly 3 million people from different ethnic groups were deported to Siberia and the Central Asian republics. Many deportees died during the journey or due to the harsh climate
Location
On average 25 to 35 percent
Siege of Leningrad
Siege of Leningrad
Event
Siege of Leningrad
Location
Leningrad
Period
1941
Period
1944
Estimated killings
1,042,000
Estimated killings
1,042,000
Some historians and the Russian government have classified the siege, in which German and Finnish policies led to the deaths of more than 1 million civilians from starvation, as a genocide.
Some historians and the Russian government have classified the siege, in which German and Finnish policies led to the deaths of more than 1 million civilians from starvation, as a genocide.
Event
Some historians and the Russian government have classified the siege, in which German and Finnish policies led to the deaths of more than 1 million civilians from starvation, as a genocide.
The Holocaust
The Holocaust
Event
The Holocaust
Location
Nazi Germany and German-occupied Europe
Period
1941
Period
1945
Estimated killings
5,100,000
Estimated killings
7,000,000
The Holocaust was the genocide of European Jews during World War II. Between 1941 and 1945, Nazi Germany and its collaborators systematically murdered some six million Jews across German-occupied Europe, around two-thirds of Europe's Jewish population. Nearly one and half million were killed in just 100 days from late July to early November 1942, p
The Holocaust was the genocide of European Jews during World War II. Between 1941 and 1945, Nazi Germany and its collaborators systematically murdered some six million Jews across German-occupied Europe, around two-thirds of Europe's Jewish population. Nearly one and half million were killed in just 100 days from late July to early November 1942, p
Event
The Holocaust was the genocide of European Jews during World War II. Between 1941 and 1945, Nazi Germany and its collaborators systematically murdered some six million Jews across German-occupied Europe, around two-thirds of Europe's Jewish population. Nearly one and half million were killed in just 100 days from late July to early November 1942, p
Location
Around 2/3 of the Jewish population of Europe.
Genocide of Serbs and Holocaust in the Independent State of Croatia
Genocide of Serbs and Holocaust in the Independent State of Croatia
Event
Genocide of Serbs and Holocaust in the Independent State of Croatia
Location
Independent State of Croatia
(now Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina)
Period
1941
Period
1945
Estimated killings
248,000
Estimated killings
548,000
Genocide of Serbs and Holocaust of Jews and Romani within the Independent State of Croatia (NDH), a fascist puppet state that existed during World War II, led by the Ustaše regime, which ruled an occupied area of Yugoslavia. The Genocide of Serbs was conducted in parallel to the Holocaust in the NDH. The Ustaše were the only quisling forces in Yugo
Genocide of Serbs and Holocaust of Jews and Romani within the Independent State of Croatia (NDH), a fascist puppet state that existed during World War II, led by the Ustaše regime, which ruled an occupied area of Yugoslavia. The Genocide of Serbs was conducted in parallel to the Holocaust in the NDH. The Ustaše were the only quisling forces in Yugo
Event
Genocide of Serbs and Holocaust of Jews and Romani within the Independent State of Croatia (NDH), a fascist puppet state that existed during World War II, led by the Ustaše regime, which ruled an occupied area of Yugoslavia. The Genocide of Serbs was conducted in parallel to the Holocaust in the NDH. The Ustaše were the only quisling forces in Yugo
Genocide of Bosniaks and Croats by the Chetniks
Genocide of Bosniaks and Croats by the Chetniks
Event
Genocide of Bosniaks and Croats by the Chetniks
Location
Yugoslavia
Period
1941
Period
1945
Estimated killings
47,000
Estimated killings
68,000
Genocidal massacres and ethnic cleansing of ethnic Muslims and Croats by Yugoslav royalists and nationalists Chetniks across large areas of Occupied Yugoslavia (modern-day Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Serbia) during World War II in Yugoslavia, on the basis of creating a post-war Greater Serbia. The Moljević plan ("On Our State and Its Borders")
Genocidal massacres and ethnic cleansing of ethnic Muslims and Croats by Yugoslav royalists and nationalists Chetniks across large areas of Occupied Yugoslavia (modern-day Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Serbia) during World War II in Yugoslavia, on the basis of creating a post-war Greater Serbia. The Moljević plan ("On Our State and Its Borders")
Event
Genocidal massacres and ethnic cleansing of ethnic Muslims and Croats by Yugoslav royalists and nationalists Chetniks across large areas of Occupied Yugoslavia (modern-day Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Serbia) during World War II in Yugoslavia, on the basis of creating a post-war Greater Serbia. The Moljević plan ("On Our State and Its Borders")
Nazi crimes against the Polish nation (part of the Generalplan Ost)
Nazi crimes against the Polish nation (part of the Generalplan Ost)
Event
Nazi crimes against the Polish nation (part of the Generalplan Ost)
Location
German-occupied Europe
Period
1939
Period
1945
Estimated killings
1,800,000
Estimated killings
3,000,000
Crimes against the Polish nation committed by Nazi Germany and Axis collaborationist forces during the invasion of Poland, along with auxiliary battalions during the subsequent occupation of Poland in World War II, included the genocide of millions of Polish people, especially the systematic extermination of Jewish Poles. These mass killings were e
Crimes against the Polish nation committed by Nazi Germany and Axis collaborationist forces during the invasion of Poland, along with auxiliary battalions during the subsequent occupation of Poland in World War II, included the genocide of millions of Polish people, especially the systematic extermination of Jewish Poles. These mass killings were e
Event
Crimes against the Polish nation committed by Nazi Germany and Axis collaborationist forces during the invasion of Poland, along with auxiliary battalions during the subsequent occupation of Poland in World War II, included the genocide of millions of Polish people, especially the systematic extermination of Jewish Poles. These mass killings were e
Location
From 6% to 10% (1 to 3 million) of the total Polish gentile population. In addition, 3 million Polish Jews were killed during the Holocaust in Poland (90% of Polish Jews).
Romani Holocaust
Romani Holocaust
Event
Romani Holocaust
Location
German-occupied Europe
Period
1939
Period
1945
Estimated killings
130,000
Estimated killings
1,500,000
The Romani Holocaust was the planned effort by Nazi Germany and its World War II allies and collaborators to commit ethnic cleansing and eventually genocide against European Roma and Sinti peoples during the Holocaust era. A supplementary decree to the Nuremberg Laws issued on 26 November 1935 classified the Romani people as "enemies of the race-ba
The Romani Holocaust was the planned effort by Nazi Germany and its World War II allies and collaborators to commit ethnic cleansing and eventually genocide against European Roma and Sinti peoples during the Holocaust era. A supplementary decree to the Nuremberg Laws issued on 26 November 1935 classified the Romani people as "enemies of the race-ba
Event
The Romani Holocaust was the planned effort by Nazi Germany and its World War II allies and collaborators to commit ethnic cleansing and eventually genocide against European Roma and Sinti peoples during the Holocaust era. A supplementary decree to the Nuremberg Laws issued on 26 November 1935 classified the Romani people as "enemies of the race-ba
Location
25% to 80% of Romani people in Europe killed
Parsley massacre
Parsley massacre
Event
Parsley massacre
Location
Dominican Republic
Period
1937
Period
12,000
Estimated killings
40,000
The Parsley massacre was a mass killing of Haitians living in the Dominican Republic's northwestern frontier and in certain parts of the contiguous Cibao region in October 1937. Dominican Army troops from different areas of the country carried out the massacre on the orders of Dominican dictator Rafael Trujillo. Many died while trying to flee to Ha
The Parsley massacre was a mass killing of Haitians living in the Dominican Republic's northwestern frontier and in certain parts of the contiguous Cibao region in October 1937. Dominican Army troops from different areas of the country carried out the massacre on the orders of Dominican dictator Rafael Trujillo. Many died while trying to flee to Ha
Event
The Parsley massacre was a mass killing of Haitians living in the Dominican Republic's northwestern frontier and in certain parts of the contiguous Cibao region in October 1937. Dominican Army troops from different areas of the country carried out the massacre on the orders of Dominican dictator Rafael Trujillo. Many died while trying to flee to Ha
Location
As a result of the massacre, virtually the entire Haitian population in the Dominican frontier was either killed or forced to flee across the border.
Mass operations of the NKVD
Mass operations of the NKVD
Event
Mass operations of the NKVD
Location
Soviet Union
Period
1937
Period
1938
Estimated killings
247,157
During the Great Purge, people from certain ethnic groups were disproportionately represented as victims of arrest and execution. Although some historians have argued that the victims were targeted mostly because of their ethnicity, historian Andrey Savin writes that "the determinant factors in the choice of the majority of the victims of the natio
During the Great Purge, people from certain ethnic groups were disproportionately represented as victims of arrest and execution. Although some historians have argued that the victims were targeted mostly because of their ethnicity, historian Andrey Savin writes that "the determinant factors in the choice of the majority of the victims of the natio
Event
During the Great Purge, people from certain ethnic groups were disproportionately represented as victims of arrest and execution. Although some historians have argued that the victims were targeted mostly because of their ethnicity, historian Andrey Savin writes that "the determinant factors in the choice of the majority of the victims of the natio
Dersim massacre
Dersim massacre
Event
Dersim massacre
Location
Turkey
Period
1937
Period
1938
Estimated killings
13,806
Estimated killings
70,000
The Dersim massacre, also known as Dersim genocide, was carried out by the Turkish military over the course of three operations in the Dersim Province against Kurdish rebels of Alevi faith, and civilians in 1937 and 1938. Although most Kurds in Dersim remained in their home villages, thousands were killed and many others were expelled to other part
The Dersim massacre, also known as Dersim genocide, was carried out by the Turkish military over the course of three operations in the Dersim Province against Kurdish rebels of Alevi faith, and civilians in 1937 and 1938. Although most Kurds in Dersim remained in their home villages, thousands were killed and many others were expelled to other part
Event
The Dersim massacre, also known as Dersim genocide, was carried out by the Turkish military over the course of three operations in the Dersim Province against Kurdish rebels of Alevi faith, and civilians in 1937 and 1938. Although most Kurds in Dersim remained in their home villages, thousands were killed and many others were expelled to other part
Holodomor
Holodomor
Event
Holodomor
Location
Ukraine and the northern Kuban, Soviet Union
Period
1932
Period
1933
Estimated killings
3,000,000
Estimated killings
5,000,000
The Holodomor also known as the Ukrainian Famine was a man-made famine in Soviet Ukraine from 1932 to 1933 that killed millions of Ukrainians. The Holodomor was part of the wider Soviet famine of 1930–1933 which affected the major grain-producing areas of the Soviet Union scholars are in consensus that the cause of the famine was man-made, wh
The Holodomor also known as the Ukrainian Famine was a man-made famine in Soviet Ukraine from 1932 to 1933 that killed millions of Ukrainians. The Holodomor was part of the wider Soviet famine of 1930–1933 which affected the major grain-producing areas of the Soviet Union scholars are in consensus that the cause of the famine was man-made, wh
Event
The Holodomor also known as the Ukrainian Famine was a man-made famine in Soviet Ukraine from 1932 to 1933 that killed millions of Ukrainians. The Holodomor was part of the wider Soviet famine of 1930–1933 which affected the major grain-producing areas of the Soviet Union scholars are in consensus that the cause of the famine was man-made, wh
Location
10% of Ukraine's population
Over 35% of Ukrainians in Kazakhstan
Libyan genocide
Libyan genocide
Event
Libyan genocide
Location
Italian Libya
Period
1929
Period
1932
Estimated killings
83,000
Estimated killings
125,000+
The Libyan genocide was the genocide of Libyan Arabs and the systematic destruction of Libyan culture, particularly during and after the Second Italo-Senussi War between 1929 and 1934. During this period, between 83,000 and 125,000 Libyans were killed by Italian colonial authorities under Benito Mussolini. Italy committed major war crimes during th
The Libyan genocide was the genocide of Libyan Arabs and the systematic destruction of Libyan culture, particularly during and after the Second Italo-Senussi War between 1929 and 1934. During this period, between 83,000 and 125,000 Libyans were killed by Italian colonial authorities under Benito Mussolini. Italy committed major war crimes during th
Event
The Libyan genocide was the genocide of Libyan Arabs and the systematic destruction of Libyan culture, particularly during and after the Second Italo-Senussi War between 1929 and 1934. During this period, between 83,000 and 125,000 Libyans were killed by Italian colonial authorities under Benito Mussolini. Italy committed major war crimes during th
Location
25% of Cyrenaican population
Half of the nomadic Bedouin population
Armenian genocide
Armenian genocide
Event
Armenian genocide
Location
Ottoman Empire (now Turkey, Syria, and Iraq)
Period
1915
Period
1917
Estimated killings
600,000
Estimated killings
1,500,000
The Armenian genocide, carried out by the Young Turks, included massacres, forced deportations involving death marches, and mass starvation. It occurred concurrently with the Assyrian and Greek genocides; some scholars consider these to form a broader genocide targeting all of the Christians in Anatolia.
The Armenian genocide, carried out by the Young Turks, included massacres, forced deportations involving death marches, and mass starvation. It occurred concurrently with the Assyrian and Greek genocides; some scholars consider these to form a broader genocide targeting all of the Christians in Anatolia.
Event
The Armenian genocide, carried out by the Young Turks, included massacres, forced deportations involving death marches, and mass starvation. It occurred concurrently with the Assyrian and Greek genocides; some scholars consider these to form a broader genocide targeting all of the Christians in Anatolia.
Location
Approximately 90% of Armenians in the Ottoman Empire were killed or expelled. The share of Christians in area within Turkey's current borders declined from 20-22% in 1914, or about 3 .–3 million people, to around 3% in 1927.
Sayfo
Sayfo
Event
Sayfo
Location
Ottoman Empire (now Turkey, Syria and Iraq)
Period
1915
Period
1919
Estimated killings
200,000
The Sayfo (also known as the Seyfo or the Assyrian genocide) was the mass slaughter and deportation of Assyrian/Syriac Christians in southeastern Anatolia and Persia's Azerbaijan province by Ottoman forces and some Kurdish tribes during World War I.
The Sayfo (also known as the Seyfo or the Assyrian genocide) was the mass slaughter and deportation of Assyrian/Syriac Christians in southeastern Anatolia and Persia's Azerbaijan province by Ottoman forces and some Kurdish tribes during World War I.
Event
The Sayfo (also known as the Seyfo or the Assyrian genocide) was the mass slaughter and deportation of Assyrian/Syriac Christians in southeastern Anatolia and Persia's Azerbaijan province by Ottoman forces and some Kurdish tribes during World War I.
Location
Overall, about 2 million Christians were killed in Anatolia between 1894 and 1924, 40 per cent of the original population.
Greek genocide and Pontic genocide
Greek genocide and Pontic genocide
Event
Greek genocide and Pontic genocide
Location
Ottoman Empire (now Turkey)
Period
1914
Period
1922
Estimated killings
300,000
Estimated killings
1,200,000
The Greek genocide, which included the Pontic genocide, was the systematic killing of the Christian Ottoman Greek population of Anatolia which was carried out mainly during World War I and its aftermath (1914–1922) on the basis of their religion and ethnicity. It was perpetrated by the government of the Ottoman Empire led by the Three Pashas and by
The Greek genocide, which included the Pontic genocide, was the systematic killing of the Christian Ottoman Greek population of Anatolia which was carried out mainly during World War I and its aftermath (1914–1922) on the basis of their religion and ethnicity. It was perpetrated by the government of the Ottoman Empire led by the Three Pashas and by
Event
The Greek genocide, which included the Pontic genocide, was the systematic killing of the Christian Ottoman Greek population of Anatolia which was carried out mainly during World War I and its aftermath (1914–1922) on the basis of their religion and ethnicity. It was perpetrated by the government of the Ottoman Empire led by the Three Pashas and by
Location
At least 25% of Greeks in Anatolia (Turkey) killed
Herero and Nama genocide
Herero and Nama genocide
Event
Herero and Nama genocide
Location
German South West Africa (now Namibia)
Period
1904
Period
1908
Estimated killings
34,000
Estimated killings
110,000
The Genocide in German South West Africa was the campaign to exterminate the Herero and Nama people that the German Empire undertook in German South-West Africa (modern-day Namibia). It is considered one of the first genocides of the 20th century.
The Genocide in German South West Africa was the campaign to exterminate the Herero and Nama people that the German Empire undertook in German South-West Africa (modern-day Namibia). It is considered one of the first genocides of the 20th century.
Event
The Genocide in German South West Africa was the campaign to exterminate the Herero and Nama people that the German Empire undertook in German South-West Africa (modern-day Namibia). It is considered one of the first genocides of the 20th century.
Location
60% (24,000 out of 40,000) to 81 % (65,000 out of 80,000) of total Herero and 50% of Nama population killed.
Selknam genocide
Selknam genocide
Event
Selknam genocide
Location
Tierra del Fuego, Chile, Argentina
Period
1880
Period
1910
Estimated killings
2,500
Estimated killings
4,000
The Selknam genocide was the systematic extermination of the Selkʼnam people, an indigenous people of the Tierra del Fuego archipelago by a combination of European and South American hunters, ranchers, gold miners, and soldiers. Historians estimate that the Selkʼnam population fell from approximately 4,000 people during the 1880s to a few hundred b
The Selknam genocide was the systematic extermination of the Selkʼnam people, an indigenous people of the Tierra del Fuego archipelago by a combination of European and South American hunters, ranchers, gold miners, and soldiers. Historians estimate that the Selkʼnam population fell from approximately 4,000 people during the 1880s to a few hundred b
Event
The Selknam genocide was the systematic extermination of the Selkʼnam people, an indigenous people of the Tierra del Fuego archipelago by a combination of European and South American hunters, ranchers, gold miners, and soldiers. Historians estimate that the Selkʼnam population fell from approximately 4,000 people during the 1880s to a few hundred b
Location
84%The genocide reduced their numbers from around 3,000 to about 500 people.
Circassian genocide
Circassian genocide
Event
Circassian genocide
Location
Circassia, Russian Empire
Period
1864
Period
1867
Estimated killings
1,000,000
Estimated killings
2,000,000
The Circassian genocide was the Russian Empire's systematic mass murder, ethnic cleansing, and expulsion of the Circassian population, resulting in 1 to 1 million deaths during the final stages of the Russo-Circassian War. The peoples planned for extermination were mainly the Muslim Circassians, but other Muslim peoples of the Caucasus were also
The Circassian genocide was the Russian Empire's systematic mass murder, ethnic cleansing, and expulsion of the Circassian population, resulting in 1 to 1 million deaths during the final stages of the Russo-Circassian War. The peoples planned for extermination were mainly the Muslim Circassians, but other Muslim peoples of the Caucasus were also
Event
The Circassian genocide was the Russian Empire's systematic mass murder, ethnic cleansing, and expulsion of the Circassian population, resulting in 1 to 1 million deaths during the final stages of the Russo-Circassian War. The peoples planned for extermination were mainly the Muslim Circassians, but other Muslim peoples of the Caucasus were also
Location
95%–97% of total Circassian population killed or deported by the forces of Tsarist Russia. Only a small percentage who accepted to convert to Christianity, Russify and resettle within the Russian Empire were spared. The remaining Circassian populations who refused were thus forcefully dispersed, deported or killed. Today, most Circassians live in e
California genocide
California genocide
Event
California genocide
Location
California, United States
Period
1846
Period
1873
Estimated killings
9,492–16,094
Estimated killings
120,000
| Event | Location | Period | Estimated killings | ||
| From | To | Lowest | Highest | ||
| Description | Proportion of group killed | ||||
| Gaza genocide | Israeli-occupied Gaza Strip, Palestine | 2023 | Present | 70,369 | 335,500 |
| The Gaza genocide is the ongoing systematic destruction of the Palestinian people in the Gaza Strip by Israel during the Gaza war, carried out with the intent to destroy Gaza's population in whole or in part through extermination, starvation, bombing, blockade, and invasion. Other genocidal acts include destroying civilian infrastructure, killing h | More than 10,000 presumed dead under rubble | ||||
| Blockade of Nagorno-Karabakh and expulsion of Nagorno-Karabakh Armenians | Nagorno-Karabakh, Azerbaijan | 2022 | 2023 | ||
| Azerbaijan's blockade and ethnic cleansing of Armenian people through repeated military offensives in Nagorno-Karabakh has been characterized as a genocide in multiple sources. | 99 % of Armenians were expelled from Nagorno-Karabakh to Armenia, fleeing through the military checkpoint on the Lachin corridor. | ||||
| Rohingya genocide | Rakhine State, Myanmar | 2016 | Present | 9,000–13,700 | 43,000 |
| The Rohingya genocide is a series of ongoing persecutions and killings of the Muslim Rohingya people by the military of Myanmar. The genocide has consisted of two phases to date: the first was a military crackdown that occurred from October 2016 to January 2017, and the second has been occurring since August 2017. The crisis forced over a million R | Before the 2015 refugee crisis, the Rohingya population in Myanmar was around 1 to 1 million. Since 2015, over 900,000 Rohingya refugees have fled to southeastern Bangladesh alone, and more to other surrounding countries. More than 100,000 Rohingyas in Myanmar are confined in camps for internally displaced persons. | ||||
| Persecution of Uyghurs in China | Xinjiang, China | 2016 | Present | ||
| Widespread human rights violations by the Chinese Communist Party against the Uyghur people (a Turkic ethnic group) and other Muslim minorities have often been characterized as genocide. There have been reports of mass arbitrary arrests and detention, torture, mass surveillance, cultural and religious persecution, family separation, forced labour, | Birth rates among Uyghurs had fallen by 24% as of 2020 due to Chinese policies. | ||||
| Ukrainian genocide | Ukraine (including Russian-occupied Ukraine) | 2014 | Present | 18,000 | 50,000 |
| Several genocide scholars, commentators, legal experts, human rights organizations and the national parliaments of several countries have declared that Russian war crimes and crimes against humanity committed against Ukrainian civilians during the Russo-Ukrainian war, including mass killings, deliberate attacks on shelters, evacuation routes, and h | Also includes the unlawful deportation and transfer of over 307,000 Ukrainian children into Russia. | ||||
| Yazidi genocide | Iraq and Syria (within Islamic State territory) | 2014 | 2017 | 2,100 | 5,000 |
| The Yazidi genocide was perpetrated by the Islamic State throughout Iraq and Syria between 2014 and 2017. It was characterized by massacres, genocidal rape, and forced conversions to Islam. Over a period of three years, Islamic State militants trafficked thousands of Yazidi women and girls and killed thousands of Yazidi men. The United Nations' Com | A study found 3,100 killed and 6,800 were kidnapped, amounting to 2 % of Yazidis being either killed or kidnapped. By 2015, upwards of 71% of the global Yazidi population was displaced by the genocide, with most Yazidi refugees having fled to Iraq's Kurdistan Region and Syria's Rojava. | ||||
| Darfur genocide (2003–2005) | Darfur, Sudan | 2003 | 2005 | 98,000 | 500,000 |
| The Darfur genocide is the systematic killing of ethnic Darfuri people which has occurred during the war in Darfur. The genocide, which is being carried out against the Fur, Masalit and Zaghawa ethnic groups, has led the International Criminal Court to indict several people for crimes against humanity, rape, forced transfer and torture. This includ | |||||
| Effacer le tableau | North Kivu, Democratic Republic of the Congo | 2002 | 2003 | 60,000 | 70,000 |
| Effacer le tableau ("erasing the board") was the operational name given to the systematic extermination of the Bambuti pygmies by rebel forces in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). The primary objective of Effacer le tableau was the territorial conquest of the North Kivu province of the DRC and ethnic cleansing of Pygmies from the Congo's | 40% of the Eastern Congo's Pygmy population killed | ||||
| Massacres of Hutus during the First Congo War | Kivu, Zaire | 1996 | 1997 | 200,000 | 233,000 |
| During the First Congo War, troops of the Rwanda-backed Alliance des Forces Démocratiques pour la Libération du Congo-Zaïre (AFDL) conducted mass killings of Rwandan, Congolese, and Burundian Hutu men, women, and children in villages and refugee camps in eastern Zaire (now named the Democratic Republic of the Congo). Elements of the AFDL and the Rw | |||||
| Rwandan genocide | Rwanda | 1994 | 491,000 | 800,000 | |
| The Rwandan genocide, also known as the genocide against the Tutsi, occurred between 7 April and 19 July 1994 during the Rwandan Civil War. During this period of around 100 days, members of the Tutsi minority ethnic group, as well as some moderate Hutu and Twa, were killed by armed Hutu militias. Although the Constitution of Rwanda states that more | 60–70% of Tutsis in Rwanda killed 7% of Rwanda's total population killed | ||||
| Bosnian genocide | Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina | 1992 | 1995 | 31,107 | 62,013 |
| The Bosnian genocide comprised localized massacres, including those in Srebrenica and Žepa, committed by Bosnian Serb forces in 1995, as well as the scattered ethnic cleansing campaign throughout areas controlled by the Army of Republika Srpska during the 1992–1995 Bosnian War. On 31 March 2010, the Serbian Parliament passed a resolution condemning | More than 3% of the Bosniak population of Bosnia and Herzegovina died during the Bosnian War. | ||||
| Isaaq genocide | Republic of Somaliland, Somali Democratic Republic | 1987 | 1989 | 50,000 | 200,000 |
| The Genocide of Isaaqs was the systematic, state-sponsored massacre of Isaaq civilians between 1988 and 1991 by the Somali Democratic Republic under the dictatorship of Siad Barre. This included the levelling and complete destruction of the second- and third-largest cities in Somalia, Hargeisa (90 per cent destroyed) and Burao (70 per cent destroye | |||||
| Anfal campaign | Kurdistan, Iraqi Republic | 1986 | 1989 | 50,000 | 182,000 |
| The Anfal campaign was a counterinsurgency operation which was carried out by Ba'athist Iraq from February to September 1988 during the Iraqi–Kurdish conflict at the end of the Iran–Iraq War. The campaign targeted rural Kurds because its purpose was to eliminate Kurdish rebel groups and Arabize strategic parts of the Kirkuk Governorate. The Iraqis | |||||
| Sabra and Shatila massacre | Beirut, Lebanon | 1982 | 460 | 3,500 | |
| The Sabra and Shatila massacre was the 16–18 September 1982 killings of civilians—mostly Palestinians and Lebanese Shias—in the city of Beirut during the Lebanese Civil War. It was perpetrated by the Lebanese Forces, one of the main Christian militias in Lebanon, and supported by the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) that had surrounded Beirut's Sabra ne | |||||
| Cambodian genocide | Democratic Kampuchea (Cambodia) | 1975 | 1979 | 1,386,734 | 3,000,000 |
| The Cambodian genocide was the systematic persecution and killing of Cambodian citizens by the Khmer Rouge, led by Pol Pot. The Khmer Rouge emptied the cities and forced Cambodians to relocate to labour camps in the countryside, where mass executions, forced labour, physical abuse, malnutrition, and disease were rampant. Up to 20,000 mass graves, t | 15–33% of total population of Cambodia killed, including 99% of Cambodian Viets, 50% of Cambodian Chinese and Cham, 40% of Cambodian Lao and Thai, 25% of Urban Khmer, 16% of Rural Khmer | ||||
| East Timor genocide | East Timor, Indonesia (modern day Timor-Leste) | 1974 | 1999 | 85,320 | 196,720 |
| The East Timor genocide refers to the "pacification campaigns" of state terrorism which were waged by the Indonesian New Order government during the Indonesian invasion and occupation of East Timor. Genocide scholars at Oxford University and Yale University acknowledge the Indonesian occupation of East Timor as genocide. The truth commission held I | 13% to 44% of East Timor's total population killed (See death toll of East Timor genocide) | ||||
| Bangladesh genocide | East Pakistan (now Bangladesh) | 1971 | 300,000 | 3,000,000 | |
| The Bangladesh genocide was the ethnic cleansing of Bengalis, especially Bengali Hindus, residing in East Pakistan (now Bangladesh) during the Bangladesh Liberation War, perpetrated by the Pakistan Armed Forces and the Razakars. It began as Operation Searchlight was launched by West Pakistan (now Pakistan) to militarily subdue the Bengali populatio | 4% of the population of East Pakistan | ||||
| Nigerian Civil War, particularly the blockade of Biafra | Biafra | 1967 | 1970 | 1,000,000 | More than 1,000,000 |
| Biafra attracted a large amount of international attention from mid-1968, when images of starving Biafran children began to appear in the international press. Biafran propaganda compared Igbo to Jews and the blockade of Biafra to the Holocaust. Initially, international public opinion was sympathetic to Biafran claims, but shifted after the United K | Most of the war casualties were civilians particularly children, who were especially vulnerable to malnutrition. | ||||
| Maya genocide | Guatemala | 1962 | 1996 | 166,000 | 166,000 |
| The Guatemalan genocide was the massacre of Maya civilians during the Guatemalan Civil War (1960–1996) by successive US-backed Guatemalan military governments. Massacres, forced disappearances, torture and summary executions of guerrillas and especially civilians at the hands of security forces had been widespread since 1965, and was a longstanding | 40% of the Maya population (24,000 people) of Guatemala's Ixil and Rabinal regions were killed | ||||
| Tamil genocide | Sri Lanka | 1956 | 2009 | 154,022 | 253,818 |
| The Tamil genocide refers to the various systematic acts of physical violence and cultural destruction committed against the Tamil population in Sri Lanka during the Sinhala–Tamil ethnic conflict beginning in 1956, particularly during the Sri Lankan civil war. Various commenters have accused the Sri Lankan state of responsibility for and complicity | |||||
| Population transfer in the Soviet Union | Soviet Union | 1941 | 1949 | 800,000 | 1,500,000. |
| Shortly before, during and immediately after World War II, the Soviet Union conducted a series of deportations on a huge scale. It is estimated that between 1941 and 1949 nearly 3 million people from different ethnic groups were deported to Siberia and the Central Asian republics. Many deportees died during the journey or due to the harsh climate | On average 25 to 35 percent | ||||
| Siege of Leningrad | Leningrad | 1941 | 1944 | 1,042,000 | 1,042,000 |
| Some historians and the Russian government have classified the siege, in which German and Finnish policies led to the deaths of more than 1 million civilians from starvation, as a genocide. | |||||
| The Holocaust | Nazi Germany and German-occupied Europe | 1941 | 1945 | 5,100,000 | 7,000,000 |
| The Holocaust was the genocide of European Jews during World War II. Between 1941 and 1945, Nazi Germany and its collaborators systematically murdered some six million Jews across German-occupied Europe, around two-thirds of Europe's Jewish population. Nearly one and half million were killed in just 100 days from late July to early November 1942, p | Around 2/3 of the Jewish population of Europe. | ||||
| Genocide of Serbs and Holocaust in the Independent State of Croatia | Independent State of Croatia (now Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina) | 1941 | 1945 | 248,000 | 548,000 |
References
- 3,404 killed between 2014–2022, and 14,755 killed since the February 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine
- Eastern Pygmy population was reduced to 90,000 after a campaign that killed 60,000 implying a 40% decline
- Total number of Serbs, Jews and Roma killed. Excluding the Jews sent to the German extermination camps.
- Although ethnic cleansings and massacres began in the early 1800s, particularly under the command of the Tsarist Russian
- Only the range of deaths caused by massacres
- The total population decline of the period overall
- Genocide education scholar Thomas Keefe – "The preparation (Stage 7) for genocide, specifically the transfer of populati
- Political scientist Michael Rogin – "To face responsibility for specific killings might have led to efforts to stop it;
- eg. Thirty Years' War (4 to 8 million deaths), Japanese war crimes (30 million deaths), the Red Terror (50,000 to 200,00
- Per the Gaza Health Ministry and Government Information Office, which has previously been deemed reliable by prominent a
- Using methods described in The Lancet, Devi Sridhar, the chair of global health at the University of Edinburgh, wrote in
- Quote: "To conclude: the Germans committed genocide against the Polish population. The very term genocide comes from the
- "In the 1860s Russia killed 1 million Circassians, half of their population, and expelled the other half from their land
- Variously specified as 1770, "c. 1770" or 1795)
- Variously specified as 1828, 1830, or 1880.
- In an account of the war, Wei Yuan wrote that about 40% of the Dzungar households were killed by smallpox, 20% fled to R
- American Philosophy: From Wounded Knee to the Present
- The UNhttps://www.un.org/en/genocideprevention/documents/atrocity-crimes/Doc.1_Convention%20on%20the%20Prevention%20and%20Punishment%20of%20the%20Crime%20of%20Genocide.pdf
- Holocaust Encyclopediahttps://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/article/coining-a-word-and-championing-a-cause-the-story-of-raphael-lemkin
- Bachman 2022, p. 48.