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List of dates predicted for apocalyptic events

Updated: Wikipedia source

List of dates predicted for apocalyptic events

Predictions of apocalyptic events that will result in the extinction of humanity, a collapse of civilization, or the destruction of the planet have been made since at least the beginning of the Common Era. Most predictions are related to Abrahamic religions, often standing for or similar to the eschatological events described in their scriptures. Christian predictions typically refer to events like the Rapture, Great Tribulation, Last Judgment, and the Second Coming of Christ. End-time events are normally predicted to occur within the lifetime of the person making the prediction and are usually made using the Bible—in particular the New Testament—as either the primary or exclusive source for the predictions. This often takes the form of mathematical calculations, such as trying to calculate the point in time where it will have been 6,000 years since the supposed creation of the Earth by the Abrahamic God, which according to the Talmud marks the deadline for the Messiah to appear. Predictions of the end from natural events have also been theorised by various scientists and scientific groups. While these predictions are generally accepted as plausible within the scientific community, the events and phenomena are not expected to occur for hundreds of thousands, or even billions, of years from now. Little research has been carried out into the reasons people have made apocalyptic predictions in modern times. Historically, such predictions have been made for the purpose of diverting attention from actual crises like poverty and war, pushing political agendas, or promoting hatred of certain groups; antisemitism was a popular theme of Christian apocalyptic predictions in medieval times, while some French and Lutheran depictions of the apocalypse were known to feature English and Catholic antagonists, respectively. According to psychologists, possible explanations for why people believe in modern apocalyptic predictions include: mentally reducing the actual danger in the world to a single and definable source; an innate human fascination with fear; personality traits of paranoia and powerlessness; and a modern romanticism related to end-times, resulting from its portrayal in contemporary fiction. The prevalence of Abrahamic religions throughout modern history is said to have created a culture that encourages the embracement of a future drastically different from the present. Such a culture is credited for the rise in popularity of predictions that are more secular in nature, such as the 2012 phenomenon, while maintaining the centuries-old theme that a powerful force will bring about the end of humanity. In 2012, opinion polls conducted across 20 countries found that over 14% of people believe the world will end in their lifetime, with percentages ranging from 6% of people in France to 22% in the United States and Turkey. Belief in the apocalypse is most prevalent in people with lower levels of education, lower household incomes, and those under the age of 35. In the United Kingdom in 2015, 23% of the general public believed the apocalypse was likely to occur in their lifetime, compared to 10% of experts from the Global Challenges Foundation. The general public believed the likeliest cause would be nuclear war, while experts thought it would be artificial intelligence. Only 3% of Britons thought the end would be caused by the Last Judgement, compared with 16% of Americans. Up to 3% of the people surveyed in both the UK and the US thought the apocalypse would be caused by zombies or alien invasion.

Tables

· Past predictions › First millennium CE
66–70
66–70
Date(s) (CE)
66–70
Claimant(s)
Simon bar Giora, Jewish Essenes
Description
The Jewish Essene sect of ascetics saw the Jewish uprising against the Romans in 66–70 in Judea as the final end-time battle which would bring about the arrival of the Messiah. By the authority of Simon, coins were minted declaring the redemption of Israel.
365
365
Date(s) (CE)
365
Claimant(s)
Hilary of Poitiers
Description
This French bishop announced the end of the world would happen during this year.
375–400
375–400
Date(s) (CE)
375–400
Claimant(s)
Martin of Tours
Description
This French bishop stated that the world would end before 400 AD, writing, "There is no doubt that the Antichrist has already been born. Firmly established already in his early years, he will, after reaching maturity, achieve supreme power."
500
500
Date(s) (CE)
500
Claimant(s)
Hippolytus of Rome, Sextus Julius Africanus, Irenaeus
Description
All three predicted Jesus would return in this year, with one of the predictions being based on the dimensions of Noah's Ark.
6 Apr 793
6 Apr 793
Date(s) (CE)
6 Apr 793
Claimant(s)
Beatus of Liébana
Description
This Spanish monk prophesied the Second Coming of Christ and the end of the world on that day in front of a large crowd of people.
800
800
Date(s) (CE)
800
Claimant(s)
Sextus Julius Africanus
Description
This Christian historian revised his prediction from the year 500 to 800.
799–806
799–806
Date(s) (CE)
799–806
Claimant(s)
Gregory of Tours
Description
This French bishop calculated the end would occur between 799 and 806.
847
847
Date(s) (CE)
847
Claimant(s)
Thiota
Description
This Christian declared in 847 that the world would end that year, though later confessed the prediction was fraudulent and was publicly flogged.
992–995
992–995
Date(s) (CE)
992–995
Claimant(s)
Various Christians
Description
Good Friday coincided with the Feast of the Annunciation; this had long been believed to be the event that would bring forth the Antichrist, and thus the end-times, within three years.
1 Jan 1000
1 Jan 1000
Date(s) (CE)
1 Jan 1000
Claimant(s)
Pope Sylvester II
Description
Various Christian clerics predicted this date as the Millennium, including Pope Sylvester II. As a result, riots are said to have occurred in Europe and pilgrims headed east to Jerusalem. Many historians, however, dispute that any of these events ever took place.
Date(s) (CE)
Claimant(s)
Description
Ref.
66–70
Simon bar Giora, Jewish Essenes
The Jewish Essene sect of ascetics saw the Jewish uprising against the Romans in 66–70 in Judea as the final end-time battle which would bring about the arrival of the Messiah. By the authority of Simon, coins were minted declaring the redemption of Israel.
365
Hilary of Poitiers
This French bishop announced the end of the world would happen during this year.
375–400
Martin of Tours
This French bishop stated that the world would end before 400 AD, writing, "There is no doubt that the Antichrist has already been born. Firmly established already in his early years, he will, after reaching maturity, achieve supreme power."
500
Hippolytus of Rome, Sextus Julius Africanus, Irenaeus
All three predicted Jesus would return in this year, with one of the predictions being based on the dimensions of Noah's Ark.
6 Apr 793
Beatus of Liébana
This Spanish monk prophesied the Second Coming of Christ and the end of the world on that day in front of a large crowd of people.
800
Sextus Julius Africanus
This Christian historian revised his prediction from the year 500 to 800.
799–806
Gregory of Tours
This French bishop calculated the end would occur between 799 and 806.
847
Thiota
This Christian declared in 847 that the world would end that year, though later confessed the prediction was fraudulent and was publicly flogged.
992–995
Various Christians
Good Friday coincided with the Feast of the Annunciation; this had long been believed to be the event that would bring forth the Antichrist, and thus the end-times, within three years.
1 Jan 1000
Pope Sylvester II
Various Christian clerics predicted this date as the Millennium, including Pope Sylvester II. As a result, riots are said to have occurred in Europe and pilgrims headed east to Jerusalem. Many historians, however, dispute that any of these events ever took place.
· Past predictions › 11th–15th centuries
1033
1033
Date(s) (CE)
1033
Claimant(s)
Various Christians
Description
Following the failure of the 1 January 1000 prediction, some theorists proposed that the end would occur 1,000 years after Jesus' death, instead of his birth.
1200–1260
1200–1260
Date(s) (CE)
1200–1260
Claimant(s)
Joachim of Fiore
Description
This Italian mystic determined that the Millennium would begin between 1200 and 1260.
1284
1284
Date(s) (CE)
1284
Claimant(s)
Pope Innocent III
Description
Pope Innocent III (died 1216) predicted that the world would end 666 years after the rise of Islam.
1290, 1335
1290, 1335
Date(s) (CE)
1290, 1335
Claimant(s)
Joachimites
Description
After his 1260 prediction failed, the followers of Joachim of Fiore rescheduled the end of the world to 1290 and then again to 1335.
1346–1351
1346–1351
Date(s) (CE)
1346–1351
Claimant(s)
Various Europeans
Description
The black plague spreading across Europe was interpreted by many as the sign of the end of times.
1368–1370
1368–1370
Date(s) (CE)
1368–1370
Claimant(s)
Jean de Roquetaillade
Description
This French alchemist predicted the Antichrist was to come in 1366 and the Millennium would begin either in 1368 or 1370.
1378
1378
Date(s) (CE)
1378
Claimant(s)
Arnaldus de Villa Nova
Description
This Joachite wrote that the Antichrist was to come during this year.
1492
1492
Date(s) (CE)
1492
Claimant(s)
Various Russian Christians
Description
Many Russian Orthodox Christians beginning from the 1400s believed this year would see Christ's return, since it would be the end of the seventh millennium and the start of the eighth millennium (the year 8000) according to the Byzantine calendar. In 1408, this belief led to the Russian Orthodox Church making the decision not to compute the date of
Date(s) (CE)
Claimant(s)
Description
Ref.
1033
Various Christians
Following the failure of the 1 January 1000 prediction, some theorists proposed that the end would occur 1,000 years after Jesus' death, instead of his birth.
1200–1260
Joachim of Fiore
This Italian mystic determined that the Millennium would begin between 1200 and 1260.
1284
Pope Innocent III
Pope Innocent III (died 1216) predicted that the world would end 666 years after the rise of Islam.
1290, 1335
Joachimites
After his 1260 prediction failed, the followers of Joachim of Fiore rescheduled the end of the world to 1290 and then again to 1335.
1346–1351
Various Europeans
The black plague spreading across Europe was interpreted by many as the sign of the end of times.
1368–1370
Jean de Roquetaillade
This French alchemist predicted the Antichrist was to come in 1366 and the Millennium would begin either in 1368 or 1370.
1378
Arnaldus de Villa Nova
This Joachite wrote that the Antichrist was to come during this year.
1492
Various Russian Christians
Many Russian Orthodox Christians beginning from the 1400s believed this year would see Christ's return, since it would be the end of the seventh millennium and the start of the eighth millennium (the year 8000) according to the Byzantine calendar. In 1408, this belief led to the Russian Orthodox Church making the decision not to compute the date of
· Past predictions › 16th century
1504
1504
Date(s) (CE)
1504
Claimant(s)
Sandro Botticelli
Description
This painter believed he was living during the Tribulation, and that the Millennium would begin in three and a half years from 1500. He wrote into his painting The Mystical Nativity that the Devil was loose and would soon be chained.
1 Feb 1524
1 Feb 1524
Date(s) (CE)
1 Feb 1524
Claimant(s)
London astrologers
Description
A group of astrologers in London predicted the world would end by a flood starting in London, based on calculations made the previous June. Twenty thousand Londoners left their homes and headed for higher ground in anticipation.
20 Feb 1524
20 Feb 1524
Date(s) (CE)
20 Feb 1524
Claimant(s)
Johannes Stöffler
Description
A planetary alignment in Pisces was seen by this astrologer as a sign of the Millennium.
1524–1526
1524–1526
Date(s) (CE)
1524–1526
Claimant(s)
Thomas Müntzer
Description
1525 would mark the beginning of the Millennium, according to this Anabaptist. His followers were killed by cannon fire in an uneven battle with government troops. He died under torture and was beheaded.
27 May 1528
27 May 1528
Date(s) (CE)
27 May 1528
Claimant(s)
Hans Hut
Description
This German Anabaptist predicted the end would occur on this date.
1528
1528
Date(s) (CE)
1528
Claimant(s)
Johannes Stöffler
Description
A revised date from Stöffler after his 1524 prediction failed to come true.
19 Oct 1533
19 Oct 1533
Date(s) (CE)
19 Oct 1533
Claimant(s)
Michael Stifel
Description
This mathematician calculated that Judgement Day would begin at 8:00 am on this day.
1533
1533
Date(s) (CE)
1533
Claimant(s)
Melchior Hoffman
Description
This Anabaptist prophet predicted Christ's Second Coming to take place this year in Strasbourg. He claimed that 144,000 people would be saved, while the rest of the world would be consumed by fire.
5 Apr 1534
5 Apr 1534
Date(s) (CE)
5 Apr 1534
Claimant(s)
Jan Matthys
Description
During the Münster rebellion, this Anabaptist leader declared that the apocalypse would take place on this day. When the day came he led a failed attack against Franz von Waldeck and was decapitated.
1555
1555
Date(s) (CE)
1555
Claimant(s)
Pierre d'Ailly
Description
Around 1400, this French theologian wrote that 6845 years of human history had already passed, and the end of the world would be in the 7000th year.
1585
1585
Date(s) (CE)
1585
Claimant(s)
Michael Servetus
Description
In his book The Restoration of Christianity, the Spanish born reformer claimed that the Devil's reign in this world had started in 325 AD, at the Council of Nicea, and would last for 1260 years, thus ending in 1585.
1588
1588
Date(s) (CE)
1588
Claimant(s)
Regiomontanus
Description
This mathematician and astronomer predicted the end of the world during this year.
1600
1600
Date(s) (CE)
1600
Claimant(s)
Martin Luther
Description
Luther, a German priest and professor of theology, predicted the end of the world would occur no later than 1600.
Date(s) (CE)
Claimant(s)
Description
Ref.
1504
Sandro Botticelli
This painter believed he was living during the Tribulation, and that the Millennium would begin in three and a half years from 1500. He wrote into his painting The Mystical Nativity that the Devil was loose and would soon be chained.
1 Feb 1524
London astrologers
A group of astrologers in London predicted the world would end by a flood starting in London, based on calculations made the previous June. Twenty thousand Londoners left their homes and headed for higher ground in anticipation.
20 Feb 1524
Johannes Stöffler
A planetary alignment in Pisces was seen by this astrologer as a sign of the Millennium.
1524–1526
Thomas Müntzer
1525 would mark the beginning of the Millennium, according to this Anabaptist. His followers were killed by cannon fire in an uneven battle with government troops. He died under torture and was beheaded.
27 May 1528
Hans Hut
This German Anabaptist predicted the end would occur on this date.
1528
Johannes Stöffler
A revised date from Stöffler after his 1524 prediction failed to come true.
19 Oct 1533
Michael Stifel
This mathematician calculated that Judgement Day would begin at 8:00 am on this day.
1533
Melchior Hoffman
This Anabaptist prophet predicted Christ's Second Coming to take place this year in Strasbourg. He claimed that 144,000 people would be saved, while the rest of the world would be consumed by fire.
5 Apr 1534
Jan Matthys
During the Münster rebellion, this Anabaptist leader declared that the apocalypse would take place on this day. When the day came he led a failed attack against Franz von Waldeck and was decapitated.
1555
Pierre d'Ailly
Around 1400, this French theologian wrote that 6845 years of human history had already passed, and the end of the world would be in the 7000th year.
1585
Michael Servetus
In his book The Restoration of Christianity, the Spanish born reformer claimed that the Devil's reign in this world had started in 325 AD, at the Council of Nicea, and would last for 1260 years, thus ending in 1585.
1588
Regiomontanus
This mathematician and astronomer predicted the end of the world during this year.
1600
Martin Luther
Luther, a German priest and professor of theology, predicted the end of the world would occur no later than 1600.
· Past predictions › 17th century
1 Feb 1624
1 Feb 1624
Date(s) (CE)
1 Feb 1624
Claimant(s)
London astrologers
Description
The same astrologers who had predicted the deluge of 1 February 1524 recalculated the date to 100 years later after their first prophecy failed.
1648
1648
Date(s) (CE)
1648
Claimant(s)
Sabbatai Zevi
Description
Using the kabbalah, this rabbi from Turkey proclaimed that the Messiah would come during that year.
1651
1651
Date(s) (CE)
1651
Claimant(s)
Unknown author from Lübeck, Germany
Description
The apocalypse maps tell of an Antichrist, the rise of Islam and other events following Judgement Day that was predicted to occur in 1651.
1654
1654
Date(s) (CE)
1654
Claimant(s)
Helisaeus Roeslin
Description
This physician made a prediction that the world would end this year based on a nova that occurred in 1572.
1656
1656
Date(s) (CE)
1656
Claimant(s)
Christopher Columbus
Description
In his Book of Prophecies (1501), Columbus predicted that the world would end during this year.
1655–1657
1655–1657
Date(s) (CE)
1655–1657
Claimant(s)
Fifth Monarchists
Description
This group of radical Christians predicted that the final apocalyptic battle and the destruction of the Antichrist were to take place between 1655 and 1657.
1658
1658
Date(s) (CE)
1658
Claimant(s)
Christopher Columbus
Description
Columbus claimed that the world was created in 5343 BCE and would last 7,000 years. Assuming no year zero, that means the end would come in 1658.
1660
1660
Date(s) (CE)
1660
Claimant(s)
Joseph Mede
Description
Mede claimed that the Antichrist had appeared in 456, and the end would come in 1660.
1666
1666
Date(s) (CE)
1666
Claimant(s)
Sabbatai Zevi
Description
Following his failed prediction of 1648, Zevi recalculated the end of the Earth for this year.
Fifth Monarchists
Fifth Monarchists
Date(s) (CE)
Fifth Monarchists
Claimant(s)
The presence of 666 in the date, the death of 100,000 Londoners to bubonic plague, and the Great Fire of London led to superstitious fears of the end of the world from some Christians.
1673
1673
Date(s) (CE)
1673
Claimant(s)
William Aspinwall
Description
This Fifth Monarchist claimed the Millennium would begin by this year.
1688
1688
Date(s) (CE)
1688
Claimant(s)
John Napier
Description
This mathematician calculated the end of the world would be on this year based on calculations from the Book of Revelation.
1689
1689
Date(s) (CE)
1689
Claimant(s)
Pierre Jurieu
Description
This prophet predicted that Judgement Day would occur this year.
1694
1694
Date(s) (CE)
1694
Claimant(s)
John Mason
Description
This Anglican priest predicted the Millennium would begin by this year.
Johann Heinrich Alsted
Johann Heinrich Alsted
Date(s) (CE)
Johann Heinrich Alsted
Claimant(s)
This Calvinist minister predicted the Millennium would begin by this year.
Johann Jacob Zimmermann
Johann Jacob Zimmermann
Date(s) (CE)
Johann Jacob Zimmermann
Claimant(s)
Believed that Jesus would return and the world would end this year.
1697
1697
Date(s) (CE)
1697
Claimant(s)
Cotton Mather
Description
This Puritan minister predicted the world would end this year. After the prediction failed, he revised the date of the end two more times.
Date(s) (CE)
Claimant(s)
Description
Ref.
1 Feb 1624
London astrologers
The same astrologers who had predicted the deluge of 1 February 1524 recalculated the date to 100 years later after their first prophecy failed.
1648
Sabbatai Zevi
Using the kabbalah, this rabbi from Turkey proclaimed that the Messiah would come during that year.
1651
Unknown author from Lübeck, Germany
The apocalypse maps tell of an Antichrist, the rise of Islam and other events following Judgement Day that was predicted to occur in 1651.
1654
Helisaeus Roeslin
This physician made a prediction that the world would end this year based on a nova that occurred in 1572.
1656
Christopher Columbus
In his Book of Prophecies (1501), Columbus predicted that the world would end during this year.
1655–1657
Fifth Monarchists
This group of radical Christians predicted that the final apocalyptic battle and the destruction of the Antichrist were to take place between 1655 and 1657.
1658
Christopher Columbus
Columbus claimed that the world was created in 5343 BCE and would last 7,000 years. Assuming no year zero, that means the end would come in 1658.
1660
Joseph Mede
Mede claimed that the Antichrist had appeared in 456, and the end would come in 1660.
1666
Sabbatai Zevi
Following his failed prediction of 1648, Zevi recalculated the end of the Earth for this year.
Fifth Monarchists
The presence of 666 in the date, the death of 100,000 Londoners to bubonic plague, and the Great Fire of London led to superstitious fears of the end of the world from some Christians.
1673
William Aspinwall
This Fifth Monarchist claimed the Millennium would begin by this year.
1688
John Napier
This mathematician calculated the end of the world would be on this year based on calculations from the Book of Revelation.
1689
Pierre Jurieu
This prophet predicted that Judgement Day would occur this year.
1694
John Mason
This Anglican priest predicted the Millennium would begin by this year.
Johann Heinrich Alsted
This Calvinist minister predicted the Millennium would begin by this year.
Johann Jacob Zimmermann
Believed that Jesus would return and the world would end this year.
1697
Cotton Mather
This Puritan minister predicted the world would end this year. After the prediction failed, he revised the date of the end two more times.
· Past predictions › 18th century
1700
1700
Date(s) (CE)
1700
Claimant(s)
John Napier
Description
Following his 1688 prediction, Napier recalculated his end of the world prediction to 1700 in A Plaine Discovery, a book published in 1593.
Henry Archer
Henry Archer
Date(s) (CE)
Henry Archer
Claimant(s)
In his 1642 work, The Personall Reigne of Christ Upon Earth, Archer predicted the Second Coming of Jesus would occur in approximately this year.
1705–1708
1705–1708
Date(s) (CE)
1705–1708
Claimant(s)
Camisards
Description
Camisard prophets predicted the end of the world would occur in either 1705, 1706 or 1708.
1716
1716
Date(s) (CE)
1716
Claimant(s)
Cotton Mather
Description
Revised prediction from Mather after his 1697 prediction failed to come true.
5 Apr 1719
5 Apr 1719
Date(s) (CE)
5 Apr 1719
Claimant(s)
Jacob Bernoulli
Description
This mathematician predicted a comet would destroy the Earth on this day.
1700–1734
1700–1734
Date(s) (CE)
1700–1734
Claimant(s)
Nicholas of Cusa
Description
This medieval cardinal predicted the end would occur between 1700 and 1734.
16 Oct 1736
16 Oct 1736
Date(s) (CE)
16 Oct 1736
Claimant(s)
William Whiston
Description
This theologian predicted a comet colliding with the Earth this year.
1736
1736
Date(s) (CE)
1736
Claimant(s)
Cotton Mather
Description
Mather's third and final prediction for the end of the world.
1757
1757
Date(s) (CE)
1757
Claimant(s)
Emanuel Swedenborg
Description
Swedenborg, a Lutheran theologian, claimed that the Last Judgement occurred in the spiritual world this year.
19 May 1780
19 May 1780
Date(s) (CE)
19 May 1780
Claimant(s)
Connecticut General Assembly members, New Englanders
Description
The sky turning dark during the day was interpreted as a sign of the end times. The primary cause of the event is believed to have been a combination of smoke from forest fires, a thick fog, and cloud cover.
1789
1789
Date(s) (CE)
1789
Claimant(s)
Pierre d'Ailly
Description
The year 1789 would bring the coming of the Antichrist, according to this 14th-century cardinal.
1792, 1794
1792, 1794
Date(s) (CE)
1792, 1794
Claimant(s)
Shakers
Description
The Shakers, a Christian sect founded in 18th-century England, predicted the world would end in 1792 and then in 1794.
19 Nov 1795
19 Nov 1795
Date(s) (CE)
19 Nov 1795
Claimant(s)
Nathaniel Brassey Halhed
Description
While campaigning for Richard Brothers' release, Halhead proclaimed that the world would end on this day.
1793–1795
1793–1795
Date(s) (CE)
1793–1795
Claimant(s)
Richard Brothers
Description
This retired sailor stated the Millennium would begin between 1793 and 1795. He was eventually committed to an insane asylum.
Date(s) (CE)
Claimant(s)
Description
Ref.
1700
John Napier
Following his 1688 prediction, Napier recalculated his end of the world prediction to 1700 in A Plaine Discovery, a book published in 1593.
Henry Archer
In his 1642 work, The Personall Reigne of Christ Upon Earth, Archer predicted the Second Coming of Jesus would occur in approximately this year.
1705–1708
Camisards
Camisard prophets predicted the end of the world would occur in either 1705, 1706 or 1708.
1716
Cotton Mather
Revised prediction from Mather after his 1697 prediction failed to come true.
5 Apr 1719
Jacob Bernoulli
This mathematician predicted a comet would destroy the Earth on this day.
1700–1734
Nicholas of Cusa
This medieval cardinal predicted the end would occur between 1700 and 1734.
16 Oct 1736
William Whiston
This theologian predicted a comet colliding with the Earth this year.
1736
Cotton Mather
Mather's third and final prediction for the end of the world.
1757
Emanuel Swedenborg
Swedenborg, a Lutheran theologian, claimed that the Last Judgement occurred in the spiritual world this year.
19 May 1780
Connecticut General Assembly members, New Englanders
The sky turning dark during the day was interpreted as a sign of the end times. The primary cause of the event is believed to have been a combination of smoke from forest fires, a thick fog, and cloud cover.
1789
Pierre d'Ailly
The year 1789 would bring the coming of the Antichrist, according to this 14th-century cardinal.
1792, 1794
Shakers
The Shakers, a Christian sect founded in 18th-century England, predicted the world would end in 1792 and then in 1794.
19 Nov 1795
Nathaniel Brassey Halhed
While campaigning for Richard Brothers' release, Halhead proclaimed that the world would end on this day.
1793–1795
Richard Brothers
This retired sailor stated the Millennium would begin between 1793 and 1795. He was eventually committed to an insane asylum.

References

  1. Zygon
    https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1467-9744.2012.01293.x
  2. Aveni 2016, p. 7.
  3. Israel365 News
    https://www.breakingisraelnews.com/46995/200-year-old-messiah-clock-counting-down-final-redemption-jewish-world/#PLHlS86w81XQVHFP.97
  4. Scientific American
    https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/observations/psychology-reveals-the-comforts-of-the-apocalypse/
  5. Smithsonian
    https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/people-have-always-been-obsessed-end-world-180956525/
  6. The Conversation
    https://theconversation.com/apocalypse-now-our-incessant-desire-to-picture-the-end-of-the-world-46104
  7. Newsweek
    http://www.newsweek.com/doomsday-postpone-again-heres-why-were-obsessed-end-world-according-psychology-670860
  8. Aveni 2016, p. xii.
  9. The Chicago Tribune
    https://www.chicagotribune.com/2012/05/02/apocalypse-now-poll-shows-1-in-7-thinks-end-of-world-is-near/
  10. Ipsos
    https://www.ipsos.com/en-us/one-seven-14-global-citizens-believe-end-world-coming-their-lifetime
  11. The Washington Post
    https://www.washingtonpost.com/posteverything/wp/2015/03/13/do-experts-and-the-public-think-differently-about-the-apocalypse/?noredirect=on&utm_term=.58be7b35d5dd
  12. YouGov
    https://d25d2506sfb94s.cloudfront.net/cumulus_uploads/document/c0zsgscxwo/InternalResults_150309_apocalyptic_disaster_Website.pdf
  13. YouGov
    https://yougov.co.uk/news/2015/03/10/apocalypse/
  14. Frontline
    https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/apocalypse/etc/script.html
  15. Journal of Greco-Roman Christianity and Judaism
  16. Boyett 2005, p. 30.
  17. Lazarus & Sullivan 2008, p. 237.
  18. Abanes 1998, p. 119.
  19. Boyett 2005, p. 31.
  20. Strandberg & James 2003, p. 35.
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